IC 2 = MCG -02-01-031 = PGC 778

00 11 00.9 -12 49 22; Cet

Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 142°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, 30"x15", nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 2' W. Situated at the midpoint of a 12" pair of stars 5' NNE and a 28" pair 5' SSW. Located 15' SSE of orange mag 5.9 HD 645.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2 = J. 1-1 on 27 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice observatory. His position matches MCG -02-01-031.

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IC 3 = MCG +00-01-038 = CGCG 382-032 = PGC 836

00 12 06.1 -00 24 55; Psc

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 53°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~35"x25", round core with a very small bright nucleus increasing to a stellar peak. A mag 14.3 star is 1.5' WSW. A distinctive group of 7 mag 11.5-13 forming a loop is ~5' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 3 = J. 1-2 on 12 Sep 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 "Grande Lunette" refractor at Nice by Paul Gautier and the Henry Bros. He reported it as "faint, very small, irregular form, slightly mottled." His position matches MCG +00-01-038.

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IC 4 = UGC 123 = MCG +03-01-029 = CGCG 456-040 = PGC 897

00 13 26.9 +17 29 11; Peg

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 12°

24" (9/16/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 35"x25". No significant concentration but contains a quasi-stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 31' NW of NGC 57 in a star poor field.

Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 4 on 12 Sep 1893 with an 11" Merz refractor at the Copenhagen observatory, probably while searching for a comet. He reported "very faint, pretty round, 10"-12" diameter, perhaps even bigger, fairly even brightness." The IC position is 3' too far south, but there are no other nearby candidates.

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IC 5 = MCG -02-01-047 = PGC 1145

00 17 34.9 -09 32 36; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 9°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, oval 4:3 N-S, very small bright core, good surface brightness, well defined 30" diameter halo. A mag 13 star is 1' N and a mag 12 star is 2' NW. MCG -02-01-045, attached on the south side of the mag 12 star, appeared very faint and small, round, only 15" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5 = J. 1-3 on 19 Sep 1892 and reported "faint, similar to a mag 13 star with nebulosity". His position is accurate.

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IC 6 = MCG -01-01-075 = PGC 1228

00 18 55.0 -03 16 34; Psc

V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (9/1/16): at 220x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, gradually increases to the center. Situated between two mag 12.5 stars 3.4' NW and 4.0' SE. Forms a pair (identical redshifts) with IC 8 3.8' NE.

MCG -01-01-074, located 8.2' SSW, appeared extremely faint, very small, occasionally elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, very low surface brightness.

Truman Safford discovered IC 6 = Sf. 89 = J. I-4 on 23 Sep 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. His position was 1' SE of PGC 1228, the brighter of a pair with IC 8, which he missed. The Dearborn discovery list was not published until 1887 and added as an appendix to the NGC the following year. Stephane Javelle probably was unaware of the prior discovery, and found the galaxy again on 19 Sep 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He reported it as the 4th object in his first discovery list with description, "faint, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus of 14th mag." Dreyer assumed Sf. 89 referred to nearby IC 8 so Javelle was credited with the discovery of IC 6.

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IC 7 = CGCG 433-043 = PGC 1216

00 18 53.2 +10 35 41; Psc

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 0°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint and small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", small bright core, quasi-stellar nucleus. A mag ~13 star is at SSW edge and somewhat affects the view.

UGC 191, located 25' NE, appeared very faint, moderately large, very low surface brightness irregular patch, seems slightly elongated ~N-S, up to 1' diameter but the outline is ill-defined. A mag 14.6 star is at the S end. Three bright stars are near NE including a mag 7.0 star 6.6' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 7 = J. 2-506 on 28 Nov 1893 and remarked, "faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Follows and below a star. Appears like a double star surrounded by nebulosity. His position was 3' too far south due to applying the offset in the wrong direction from his comparison star.

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IC 8 = MCG -01-01-076 = PGC 1234

00 19 02.7 -03 13 19; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 129°

24" (9/1/16): at 220x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, ~25"x18", weak concentration. Fainter of a pair with IC 6 3.8' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 8 = J. I-5 on 19 Sep 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "vF, vS, irr E, little brighter middle" and measured an accurate position. Dreyer assumed Truman Safford's Sf. 89 was an earlier discovery of this galaxy and credited Safford, but he discovered nearby IC 6.

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IC 9 = MCG -02-02-001 = PGC 1271

00 19 44.0 -14 07 19; Cet

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 122°

24" (9/1/16): fairly faint, small, round, 18". Contains a stellar nucleus embedded in a faint halo.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 9 = J. I-6 on 23 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "vF, roundish, 1' diameter" and measured an accurate position.

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IC 10 = UGC 192 = MCG +10-01-001 = LBN 591 = PP 5 = PGC 1305

00 20 23.2 +59 17 35; Cas

V = 10.4; Size 6.3'x5.1'; Surf Br = 14.0

18" (9/6/10): this local group dwarf Irregular was immediately picked up at 108x (without a printed finder chart) as a large, low surface brightness hazy glow, ~4'x2.5', roughly elongated NW-SE, though the outer extent increased with averted vision and careful viewing. A mag 12.7 star is superposed to the southeast of center and a few stars are on the northwest end. The 1.5' region surrounding the mag 12.7 star is the brightest portion of the galaxy and the W and NW regions have a very low surface brightness and appeared irregular and patchy. Located 12' NE of mag 7.3 HD 486 and just north of a right triangle of mag 10-11 stars

Using 175x, a very small 15" knot was clearly visible about 50" following the mag 12.7 star. This knot is a giant HII region (site of violent starburst formation) catalogued by Hodge and Lee (1990) as HL 111. At 285x with direct vision a faint star at its west edge was similar in visibility, but with averted vision the HII knot was more evident. I probably viewed the brightest component 111c, which has a diameter of 11", of this HII complex. Two mag 10.5 stars 3.5' S and 5.5' S of the galaxy (part of the right triangle mentioned above) provide a useful guide to pinpoint the location of HL 111. The HII region is directly on a line and equally spaced with these stars -- just follow the stars to the small knot.

18" (7/15/07): at 225x this Local Group member (M31 subgroup) appeared faint, fairly large, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~4.5'x3.5', low even surface brightness except fades at the edges. A mag 13 star is superimposed west of center and a fainter star follows. Located 1.4 degrees ENE of mag 2.3 Beta Cas (Caph).

18" (10/8/05): picked up fairly easily at 115x as a large, low surface brightness hazy region with a mag 13 star superimposed. Good view at 160x using the Meade 14mm Ultrawide. Appeared faint, large, slightly elongated, ~4'-5' diameter (though no distinct borders) with a patchy, mottled appearance, very weak concentration. Several faint stars (besides the mag 13 star) are superimposed. Situated within a rich star field and appears similar to a low surface brightness emission or reflection nebula.

13.1" (11/5/83 and 10/20/84): very faint, moderately large, elongated NW-SE. Unusually low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is superimposed near the center. Located in a very rich star field just 3.3° from the galactic plane! Member of the Local Group.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 10 = Sw. 7-1 on 8 Oct 1887 and recorded "F * involved in vL, eeeF nebulosity, eee difficult. In line with 2 stars of equal mag which with a 3rd forms a right angled triangle."

Nicholas Mayall first recognized IC 10 as a galaxy in 1935 ("An Extragalactic Object 3° from the Plane of the Galaxy" in PASP, 47, 317). In 1936, Hubble suggested it might be a member of the local group and called it "One of the most curious objects in the sky" in his 1936 classic "The Realm of the Nebulae." This wasn't confirmed until 1996 using Cepheid variables and the current distance estimate is ~2.5 million l.y. This irregular dwarf galaxy is probably a member of the M31 satellite system. It lies only 3.3° from the galactic plane and is the nearest starburst galaxy.

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IC 11 = NGC 281 = IC 1590 = Cr 8 = LBN 616 = Sh 2-184 = Ced 3 = Pac-Man Nebula

00 52 48 +56 37 42; Cas

Size 35'x30'

See observing notes for NGC 281.

E.E. Barnard found IC 11 around 1892 using the 6-inch Cooke refractor at Vanderbilt Observatory in Nashville. The discovery was probably relayed directly to Dreyer as its not mentioned in any of his published papers. There is nothing at the IC position but Corwin notes that his description points to NGC 281, which is 30 minutes of RA east, and perhaps there was a transcription error.

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IC 12 = MCG -01-02-003 = PGC 1299

00 20 15.0 -02 39 11; Psc

V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 20°

24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint but readily visible, oval 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~35" major axis. Sometimes it seemed to have a brighter spine, like a bar. A mag 15.5 star is 30" S of center, just off the edge. MCG -1-2-4, situated just 2' E, was extremely faint and small.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 12 = J. 1-7 on 7 Nov 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, elongated N-S, 20" or larger diameter.

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IC 13 = UGC 195 = MCG +01-02-003 = CGCG 409-002 = PGC 1301

00 20 20.1 +07 42 02; Psc

V = 14.6; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 163°

24" (10/9/21): at 260x and 375x; faint, low surface brightness, often only a slightly brighter central region was seen. With careful viewing the extensions were seen, increasing the size to ~0.9'x0.3' NNW-SSE. Forms an equilateral triangle with two mag 14/14.5 stars 2' NE and 2' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 13 = J. 2-507 on 10 Nov 1892. His position is fairly accurate.

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IC 15 = LEDA 165298

00 27 57.6 -00 03 41; Cet

V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.35'

24" (9/22/22): at 325x; very faint and small, round, just 15" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is ~2' NE and a 10th mag star (very wide unequal pair) is 4' NE. IC 21 lies 19' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 15 = J. 1-8 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. PGC doesn't label LEDA 165298 as IC 15.

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IC 16 = MCG -02-02-017 = PGC 1730

00 28 07.7 -13 05 38; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 51°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. Two mag 14.4 and 13.7 stars are 2' SE and 3' SE. Brighter IC 20 lies 9' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 16 = J. 1-9 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is fairly accurate.

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IC 17 = MCG +00-02-044 = CGCG 383-025 = PGC 1753

00 28 29.8 +02 38 55; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 0.6'x0.55'

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus with a stellar peak. Member of the NGC 128 group (LGG 006) and located between UGC 275 11' SW and NGC 128 17' NE.

UGC 275 appeared faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x20" (central region), low surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 17 = J. 1-10 on 19 Aug 1892.

UGC, MCG and PGC misidentified IC 17 as UGC 275. It is correctly identified in CGCG and in modern databases NED, SIMBAD and LEDA.

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IC 18 = Arp 100 NED1 = VV 234 = VIII Zw 25 = MCG -02-02-023 = PGC 1759

00 28 35.0 -11 35 12; Cet

Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 29°

48" (10/25/14): at 488x; moderately bright, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", weak concentration with an overall fairly low surface brightness. A mag 16.5 star is adjacent to the center of the galaxy at the east edge.

The northern tidal tail was visible as a very faint, narrow extension, ~1' long, to the north-northeast (PA 30°). The spike stretched roughly twice the length of the galaxy and was slightly brighter or easier to view near where it emerged on the north side of the galaxy. The tidal plume to the south (not a bridge but extends in the general direction of IC 19) was not seen.

24" (9/15/12): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15", low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair (Arp 100) with IC 19 3.4' SSE. The long, narrow tidal plume extending to the NNE was not seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 18 = J. 1-11, along with IC 19, on 31 Aug 1892. He noted "pF, S, irr, gradually brighter in the middle" and measured an accurate position.

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IC 19 = Arp 100 NED2 = Mrk 949 = MCG -02-02-024 = PGC 1762

00 28 39.5 -11 38 27; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 30°

48" (10/25/14): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25'x 20", bright core, stellar nucleus. Brighter (higher surface brightness) of an interacting pair with IC 18 3.4' NNW.

24" (9/15/12): at 322x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25" diameter, weak even concentration. Brighter of pair (Arp 100) with IC 18 3.4' NNW. Located nearly at the midpoint of mag 7.4 HD 2438 and mag 7.4 HD 2553 (17' separation WSW-ENE).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 19 = J. 1-12, along with IC 18, on 31 Aug 1892. He noted "R, 20" diameter, stellar [nucl] = 14m." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 20 = MCG -02-02-021 = PGC 1755

00 28 39.7 -13 00 37; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, good surface brightness. Brighter and easier to view than IC 16, located 9' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 20 = J. 1-13 on 3 Nov 1891 and noted "pB, R". His position is fairly close, but the offset is due to a misidentification of his offset star.

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IC 21 = MCG +00-02-053 = PGC 1785

00 29 10.4 -00 09 50; Cet

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (9/22/22): at 325x; extremely faint, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness, requires averted vision and not held steadily. IC 15 lies

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 21 = J. 1-14 on 7 Nov 1891 and noted "pB, pS, irr." His position is accurate.

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IC 22 = MCG -02-02-027 = PGC 1815

00 29 33.2 -09 04 51; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 45°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, small brighter core, ~25"x20". A mag 11 star is 3.4' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 22 = J. 1-15 on 14 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 23 = MCG -02-02-032 = PGC 1872

00 30 50.8 -12 43 13; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, ~25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus and occasional stellar tip. A mag 12.7 star is 3.5' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 23 = J. 1-16 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate to within 1'.

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IC 25 = MCG +00-02-064 = CGCG 383-033 = Mrk 952 = PGC 1905

00 31 12.1 -00 24 26; Cet

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 39°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, overall diffuse but contains a small slightly brighter core. The weaker halo is slightly elongated SW-NE and extends ~30"x25". A mag 11.7 star is 3' N and a mag 12.4 star is a similar distance SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 25 = J. 1-17 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 1'.

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IC 26 = NGC 135 = PGC 2010 = LEDA 138192

00 31 45.9 -13 20 16; Cet

V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5

17.5" (10/21/95): faint, very small, round, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. Forms a quadrilateral with three mag 14 stars, all within 2'. Located 3.5' SW of a mag 9.5 SAO 147324.

IC 27, misidentified as NGC 135 in the RNGC and PGC, lies 20' ESE. It appeared very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, very low surface brightness. Located 7.9' SSE of mag 8.9 SAO 147331 and 8.6' NW of mag 8.6 SAO 147330. MCG -02-02-051 lies 13' N.

Stephane Javelle found IC 26 = J. 1-18, along with IC 27 and 28, on 4 Nov 1891. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Francis Leavenworth on 2 Oct 1886 and reported in list I-5 (later NGC 135). His rough position, though, is ~2 minutes too far west, but the identification is secure based on his sketch. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 135 around 1899 (repeated in the IC 2 notes) though Dreyer failed to equate NGC 135 and IC 26. So, IC 26 is likely an duplicate entry for NGC 135 (or vice versa). See NGC 135 for more.

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IC 27 = LEDA 143572

00 33 06.2 -13 22 17; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 12.2 star is 2' E.

In a trio with PGC 143569 situated 2.6' NW and IC 28 5' S. I was surprised the PGC was brighter (higher surface brightness) than either of the ICs. It appeared faint, small, round, 0.3' diameter.

17.5" (12/3/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, very low surface brightness. Located 7.9' SSE of mag 8.9 SAO 147331 and 8.6' NW of mag 8.6 SAO 147330. MCG -02-02-051 lies 13' N.

The RNGC misidentifies IC 27 as NGC 135.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 27 = J. 1-19, along with IC 28, on 4 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, ill-defined, slightly elongated along the diurnal movement, 20" long, brighter center." PGC and RNGC misidentify IC 27 as NGC 135, as well as secondary sources such as Megastar. PGC 143572 is not identified as IC 27 in HyperLeda.

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IC 28 = LEDA 169992

00 33 08.7 -13 27 22; Cet

V = 15.2; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 85°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, round, 20", diffuse, very low surface brightness. Located 6' NE of mag 8.5 HD 2957. IC 27 is 5' N. Faintest in a trio with PGC 143569.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 28 = J. 1-20, along with IC 27, on 4 Nov. 1891. His position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 16992 as IC 29.

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IC 29 = MCG +00-02-072 = CGCG 383-036 = PGC 2042

00 34 10.8 -02 10 39; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness. First in a quartet with IC 30 5.7' NNE. The light-travel time is ~750 million years, so a pretty distant group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 29 = J. 1-21, along with IC 30, 32 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 30 = MCG +00-02-074 = PGC 2050

00 34 14.7 -02 05 04; Cet

V = 15.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 23°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, 12" (probably the core only). The galaxy was only occasionally visible though confirmed. Second and probably faintest in a quartet of IC galaxies with IC 29 5.7' SSW.

With a redshift z between 0.79 and .082 (depending on the source), this galaxy has a light-travel time of just over 1 billion years.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 30 = J. 1-22, along with IC 29, 32 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate. This is one of the 5 most distant galaxies discovered visually in the NGC/IC.

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IC 31 = UGC 340 = MCG +02-02-021 = PGC 2062

00 34 24.6 +12 16 06; Psc

V = 14.2; Size 1.6'x0.3'; PA = 89°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, thin edge-on ~6:1 E-W and 1' in length. Sometimes only a small brighter core was visible. A mag 10.8 star is 4' SSW and a mag 12.5 star is 3.5' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 31 = J. 2-508 on 28 Nov 1893. His position and description ("faint, elongated E-W, pale uniform surf br.") matches UGC 340.

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IC 32 = MCG +00-02-080 = PGC 2096

00 35 01.7 -02 08 30; Cet

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 1°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, extremely small, round, 12" diameter. Forms a close pair with IC 33 just 0.9' E. IC 32 is collinear with two mag 14/14.5 stars 1.4' WNW and 3.3' WNW. The duo is 12' following IC 29 and 30, forming a quartet.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 32 = J. 1-23, along with IC 29, 30 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate to within 30".

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IC 33 = MCG +00-02-082 = PGC 2101

00 35 05.2 -02 08 16; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; similar or slightly fainter than IC 32, just 0.9' W. Appeared extremely to very faint, round, 12" diameter, no structure. Last in a quartet with IC 29, 30 and 32.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 33 = J. 1-24, along with IC 29, 30 and 32, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 34 = UGC 351 = MCG +01-02-032 = CGCG 409-044 = PGC 2134

00 35 36.4 +09 07 27; Psc

V = 12.6; Size 2.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 156°

24" (9/1/16): at 200x; fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.5'x0.6', bright core. A mag 15 star is 1.4' S of center, just off the south end. Forms a pair with UGC 353 7.7' S.

Truman Safford discovered IC 34 = Sf. 97 = Sw. 9-1 on 22 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published until 1887 and Lewis Swift found the galaxy again on 18 Sep 1889 and reported it as new in his 9th list. Both Safford's and Swift's position are good and both are credited in the IC.

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IC 35 = UGC 374 = MCG +02-02-024 = CGCG 434-026 = PGC 2246

00 37 39.9 +10 21 28; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 18°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, roundish, 30" diameter, low surface brightness. Appears as a diffuse glow with no core or nucleus. Situated 1.6' SW of a mag 10.2 star. Two mag 13.7 and 15.3 stars are 2' and 3' SW, with the galaxy on a line, along with the mag 10 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 35 = J. 2-509 on 6 Jan 1894.

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IC 36 = LEDA 138202

00 37 49.6 -15 26 29; Cet

Size 0.4'x0.4'

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint but very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Unusual appearance with a stellar nucleus surrounded by a small, fairly low surface brightness halo. A mag 13.7 star is 50" NE. IC 38 lies 12' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 36 = J. 1-25 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 138202 as IC 36.

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IC 37 = MCG -03-02-029 = PGC 2299

00 38 34.2 -15 21 31; Cet

V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 158°

24" (10/9/21): at 260x and 375x; very faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness glow, ~20" diameter. Required care to pick out. A mag 12.2 star is 1.6' NE. IC 37 is the fainter of a physical pair with IC 38 3.8' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 37 = J. 1-26, along with IC 38, on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate within 30".

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IC 38 = MCG -03-02-030 = PGC 2311

00 38 38.8 -15 25 11; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.75'x0.55'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 65°

24" (10/9/21): at 260x; faint, small, round, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Can just hold with averted against a fairly bright sky background. Companion IC 37 (same redshift z = .054) lies 3.8' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 38 = J. 1-27, along with IC 37, on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 30".

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IC 39 = NGC 178 = VIII Zw 34 = MCG -02-02-078 = PGC 2349

00 39 08.4 -14 10 26; Cet

V = 12.6; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 175°

See observing notes for NGC 178.

Stephane Javelle found IC 39 = J. 1-28 on 26 Aug 1892. His position matches MCG -02-02-078 = PGC 2349. This galaxy was discovered first by Ormond Stone on 3 Nov 1885. Stone's rough position for LM 1-7 (later NGC 178) is 1.5 min too far west, but his description and sketch (examined by Harold Corwin) matches this galaxy. Herbert Howe later searched for NGC 178 and measured an accurate position in 1898-99 (repeated in the IC 2 notes), though Dreyer failed to equate NGC 178 and IC 39. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 40 = UGC 413 = MCG +00-02-106 = CGCG 383-056 = PGC 2376

00 39 21.4 +02 27 22; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 14°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.3', very small bright core. Located on the south side of the NGC 182 group (24' SE of NGC 182).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 40 = J. 2-510 on 8 Jan 1894. His position is just off the northeast side of the galaxy.

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IC 41 = LEDA 138206

00 39 40.4 -14 10 28; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 162°

24" (9/30/16): at 282x; faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x15". Located 3.7' N of NGC 207 and 7.8' E of NGC 178.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 41 = J. 1-29 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate so there is no doubt about the identification. Nevertheless MCG misidentifies MCG -03-02-035 (= NGC 207) as IC 41. As a result, the PGC incorrectly equates IC 41 and NGC 207. See NGC 207 for more identification errors.

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IC 42 = MCG -03-02-036 = PGC 2463 = LEDA 911417

00 41 05.8 -15 25 41; Cet

V = 14.8; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 56°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low even surface brightness. Two mag 14 and 15 stars are 1' S and 2' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 42 = J. 1-26 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 43 = UGC 448 = MCG +05-02-040 = CGCG 500-072 = LGG 014-017 = PGC 2536

00 42 22.1 +29 38 30; And

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 117°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1' diameter, broad concentration, contains a brighter core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 10.7 star is 3.4' SE. IC 45 is a very faint pair of stars (mag 15.2/15.7 at ~17"), ~3' ENE. UGC 449, situated 3.5' N, appeared very faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 36"x15", low even surface brightness. UGC 449 is misidentified as IC 45 in most sources.

17.5" (10/5/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.9'x0.7', broad concentration to a slightly brighter core. A faint stellar nucleus was visible with direct vision. Located 3.4' NW of a mag 10.4 star. Member of the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 43 = Big. 106 on 15 Nov 1889 and noted "diffuse, with a stellar condensation, and seems slightly eccentric."

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IC 44 = NGC 223 = UGC 450 = MCG +00-02-129 = PGC 2527

00 42 15.8 +00 50 44; Cet

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 62°

See observing notes for NGC 223.

Lewis Swift found IC 44 = Sw. 10-1 on 12 Nov 1890 and reported "eF; S; R; bet 2 st." His position is ~2' north of NGC 233 Dreyer either assumed it was new or just missed the equivalence. In any case, NGC 223 = IC 44. See NGC 223 for more.

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IC 45

00 42 36.4 +29 39 17; And

V = 15.2/15.7

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; very faint pair of mag 15/15.5 stars (less than 20" separation) situated 3' ENE of IC 43.

UGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 (and Megastar) misidentify UGC 449, situated 3.5' due north of IC 43, as IC 45. This galaxy appeared very faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 36"x15", low even surface brightness.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 45 = Big. 107, along with IC 43, on 15 Nov 1889. As reported by Corwin and Thompson, Bigourdan's position for IC 43 is good, but there is nothing at his estimated position for Big. 107. A decade later, he remeasured IC 43 and could not find Big. 107, but logged a possible cluster nearby. At his measured position is a mag 15/15.5 double star. UGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 (and Megastar) misidentify UGC 449, situated 3.5' due north of IC 43, as IC 45.

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IC 46 = CGCG 479-063 = PGC 2575 = LEDA 1802380

00 42 58.0 +27 15 13; And

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 87°

24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, broad weak concentration with no distinct core, but occasional faint stellar nucleus. Decent surface brightness and quite easy. Collinear and equidistant with 2 mag 14.5 stars 1.5' NE and 3' NE. At low power (124x), a very scattered group of 8 mag 9-10 stars extends to the SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 46 = J. 2-511 on 5 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 48 = IC 1577 = MCG -01-03-001 = MCG -02-03-001 = PGC 2603

00 43 34.5 -08 11 11; Cet

V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 171°

18" (12/17/11): at 288x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright 15" core surrounded by a much fainter 35" halo.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 48 = IC 1577 on 30 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while sweeping for comets. He first reported in his notebook "Picked up a smallish pB neb." He worked out an accurate postion using the nearby offset star HD 3939 and called the nebula "pB, S, R, gbM to a stellar nucleus 13m." His position for 1888 (published in AN 3097) was very accurate, but Dreyer erroneously precessed the declination (to 1880 coordinates) 18' too far south. Dreyer's IC description “pF, S (? var brightness)” is a brief summary of Barnard’s comments in AN 3097.

As far as IC 1577, Dreyer’s description reads “pB, S, R, gradually brighter in the middle, stell N”. This is identical to Barnard’s logbook description on 30 Nov 1888. Furthermore, the IC position (00h 37m 31s -08° 54.3’ in 1860 coordinates) is identical to Barnard’s logbook position of 00h 38m 56s -08° 45’ (for 1888.0). I assume Barnard sent this notebook data with a poor position to Dreyer after 1894. Perhaps he scanned through his old notebooks looking for new nebulae and forgot about his earlier announcement. Whatever happened, it seems clear that IC 1577 = IC 48, both from his 30 Nov 1888 discovery.

Barnard believed IC 48 and IC 356 were variable nebulae ("Two Probably Variable Nebulae" in AN 3097, 1892) and wrote "On November 30, 1888 I discovered a small pretty bright nebula in Cetus [IC 48] and was surprised from the brightness of the nebula, to find that it was not in any catalogue. I carefully measured its position with the micrometer, and examined it the next night, suspecting it to be a comet. No motion being detected it was observed further. I have a very distinct recollection of the object and from my description I would estimate that it was between 9th and 10th magnitude. In its center was a very small stellar nucleus of the 13th mag. Not having seen the nebula in my subsequent sweeps in that neighborhood, I was led in 1891 to examine its position with the 12-inch. The nebula was found with some difficulty. It was extremely faint, and was only identified by the aid of the comparison star of the previous observation. This was November 22, 1891. I estimated it to be 13.5 magnitude, 1/2' in diameter, with perhaps a faint nucleus."

The galaxy was photographed 6 times between 1915 and 1919 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and reported in 1921 as displaying no variability.

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IC 49 = UGC 468 = MCG +00-03-003 = CGCG 384-003 = PGC 2617

00 43 56.1 +01 51 01; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 107°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x: faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 45"x35", slight brighter core region but overall low surface brightness. At moments it appeared a bit more elongated, perhaps 4:3 or 50"x35". A mag 14.4 star is 2.5' S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 49 = Sw. 10-2 on 18 Sep 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff. Faintest object ever seen here [at Warner Observatory]." His position is accurate. This statement surprises me as I've observed much fainter galaxies that Swift discovered in Draco.

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IC 50 = MCG -02-03-010 = PGC 2698

00 46 05.7 -09 30 11; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 168°

24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. Situated within a triangle formed by mag 9.1 HD 4306 10' WSW, mag 8.5 HD 4435 7.5' SE and mag 9.7 HD 4410 4' NE. The latter star has two wide 13.5-14 companions. In addition a mag 11.2 star is 2' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 50 = J. 1-32 on 27 Sep 1892. He noted "faint, appears as a mag 13 star surrounded by nebulosity" and measured an accurate position.

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IC 51 = Arp 230 = MCG -02-03-011 = PGC 2710

00 46 24.2 -13 26 32; Cet

Size 1.3'x1.2'; PA = 30°

17.5" (12/11/99): at 280x, faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter. A mag 15 star is just off the SW edge [52" from center]. Located 28' E of mag 7.6 SAO 147425.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 51 = J. 1-33 on 30 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, S, bM, slightly mottled."

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IC 52 = UGC 494 = MCG +0-03-005 = CGCG 410-007 = PGC 2834

00 48 23.8 +04 05 31; Psc

V = 14.6; Size 0.95'x0.35'; PA = 95°

24" (11/30/21): at 322x; faint, elongated 2:1 E-W, 30"x15", slightly brighter core and nucleus with faint extensions. Situated within a group of stars and equidistant from two mag 10 stars 3' W and 3' N. A mag 12.5 star is 0.9' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 52 = J. 1-34 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is within 1' and the identification is secure.

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IC 53 = UGC 516 = MCG +02-03-005 = CGCG 435-011 = PGC 2951

00 50 40.8 +10 36 01; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 94°

24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small. The galaxy initially appeared elongated 4:3 or 3:2 E-W, ~30"x20" and brighter along the major axis, but then I realized there was a faint star [mag 15.7] at the western end of the galaxy that enhanced the elongation. IC 53 is located 21' W of STF 67, an excellent 9.0/9.6 pair at 2.3" that was easily resolved with plenty of black space between.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 53 = Sw. 10-3 on 25 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF pS; R; B * in field south. Others suspected." His position is about 3' too far northwest, but there are no other nearby galaxies and the description fits (a mag 8.5 star is 11' S).

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IC 55 = MCG +01-03-006 = CGCG 410-013 = PGC 3025

00 51 42.4 +07 43 07; Psc

V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 175°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 N-S, ~30"x12", very small bright core. A mag 13.7 star is ~40" to the SE. Located 15' W of mag 8.6 HD 5075.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 55 = J. 2-512 on 10 Nov 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 56 = MCG -02-03-030 = Kaz 3 = PGC 3014

00 51 29.9 -12 50 39; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.7'; PA = 9°

24" (9/23/22): at 285x and 325x; very faint low surface brightness patch, round, very diffuse with no core, 25"-30" diameter. Located 7.6' NE of mag 8.0 HD 4917. A mag 10.2 star is 4' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 56 = J. 1-35 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 57 = UGC 559 = MCG +02-03-010 = CGCG 435-019 = PGC 3229

00 54 48.5 +11 50 28; Psc

V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; pretty faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, small brighter center, faint halo. A mag 15.5 star is off the SW side. IC 57 forms the eastern vertex of an equilateral triange with a mag 11.3 star 5' W and a two mag 12 stars 5' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 57 = J. 2-513 on 2 Dec 1893. His position is accurate to within 30".

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IC 58 = MCG -02-03-041 = PGC 3257

00 55 02.4 -13 40 41; Cet

Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 105°

24" (9/23/22): at 325x; faint but easily visible, elongated nearly 2:1 ~E-W, ~30"x18", very small brighter nucleus. Bracketed by a mag 14.5 star [50" ESE] and a mag 15 star [1.2' NW]. IC 60 lies 24' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 58 = J. 1-36 on 23 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 59 = Ced 4a = Sh 2-185 = LBN 620 = vdB 5a

00 57 14 +61 10.8; Cas

Size 10'x5'

18" (12/22/11): best view was unfiltered at 108x. Appears as a faint, large, irregular glow, roughly 8'x5'. Elongated E-W and extends to a group of a half-dozen stars at the NE end. This group of stars is also possibly involved with the haze. There is a slightly brighter patch on the south side. Located 25' N of Gamma Cas.

18" (7/15/07): this large reflection nebula just 20' N of Gamma Cas (Navi) has a low even surface brightness and appears as a large oval-shaped hazy region ~6'x4' and elongated ~N-S. Fainter of pair with IC 63 located 25' SE.

17.5" (11/1/86): located 20' N of Gamma Cassiopeia. This emission nebula is larger than IC 63 but has a lower surface brightness. Easy with averted vision and appears large, elongated ~N-S, with a fairly even surface brightness. IC 63 lies 20' SE.

13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, visible with averted only. Forms a pair with IC 63.

Max Wolf and E.E. Barnard discovered IC 59 and 63 independently on photographs taken in 1893-94. Max Wolf announced the discovery in AN 134 [3214], 365 (1894) with the title "Ueber einige neue Nebelflecke" (Some New Nebulae). The image was probably taken towards the end of 1893, though no specific date is given. E.E. Barnard first photographed the field on 2 Feb 1894 with the exposure of 3 hrs. In an article titled "Photographic Nebulosities and star clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894), he added "before beginning this [second] exposure [on 6 Feb 1894], I carefully examined the sky close to Gamma with the 12-inch and a power of 80, with a field of 42'. The sky was fine. It was with the utmost difficulty that I could see these two nebulae. They were excessively dilute and faint, and never would have detected if the photographic plate [his first exposure on 2 Feb] had not revealed them."

Isaac Roberts photographed the Gamma Cas area earlier on 17 Jan 1890, but his image shows no nebulosity and he failed to mention any in the field.

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IC 60 = MCG -02-03-049 = PGC 3324

00 56 04.2 -13 21 28; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/23/22): at 285x and 325x; faint, failry small, slightly elongated, very small brighter core and nucleus, ~25"x20". IC 58 lies 24' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 60 = J. 1-37 on 30 Aug 1892. His position matches PGC 3324.

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IC 61 = UGC 589 = MCG +01-03-009 = PGC 3408

00 57 07.2 +07 30 25; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20" diameter, stellar nucleus. Located 4' SE of mag 9.0 HD 5503 and 6.6' NNE of mag 9.3 HD 5504.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 61 = J. 2-514 on 10 Nov 1892. His position matches UGC 589.

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IC 62 = UGC 606 = MCG +02-03-021 = CGCG 435-029 = PGC 3507

00 58 43.9 +11 48 29; Psc

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 25°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly low surface brightness, elongated 4:3 or 5:4 SSW-NNE, occasional sharp stellar nucleus. The halo has an irregular surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 2' W and a mag 15 star is 2.5' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 62 = J. 2-515 on 2 Dec 1893. His position is accurate. The MCG doesn't label MCG +02-03-021 as IC 62.

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IC 63 = Ced 4b = Sh 2-185 = LBN 622 = vdB 5b

00 59 29 +60 54 40; Cas

Size 10'x3'

18" (7/15/07): unusual triangular or wedge-shaped nebula just 20' NE of Gamma Cas. At 115x appears fairly large, elongated SW-NE, ~6' diameter, with the brighter vertex at the west end. The southern edge, which extends towards the SW, is slightly brighter and more sharply defined. The interior of the wedge is slightly fainter with subtle brightness variations. The OIII and UHC filter dimmed the object. IC 63 is brighter than IC 59, which is found 20' N of Gamma.

17.5" (11/1/86): distinct fan-shaped nebulosity extending east and NE with the vertex at the west end. The southern border (extending E-W) has a sharper edge. Brighter than nearby IC 59 in the field 20' NW. Located 20' NE of Gamma Cassiopeiae.

13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, fan-shaped. Forms a pair with IC 63.

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IC 64 = UGC 613 = MCG +04-03-031 = CGCG 480-030 = PGC 3550

00 59 24.4 +27 03 33; Psc

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 148°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", low surface brightness, ill-defined slightly brighter core region. Member of the NGC 326 group at a distance of ~625 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 64 = J. 2-516 on 5 Dec 1893. His postion matches UGC 613. The CGCG doesn't identify 480-030 as IC 64.

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IC 65 = UGC 625 = MCG +08-03-005 = CGCG 551-004 = LGG 016-003 = PGC 3635

01 00 55.6 +47 40 55; And

V = 12.8; Size 3.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 155°

17.5" (9/1/02): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 4:1 NNW-SSE, 2.5'x0.6'. Contains a slightly brighter, bulging core. The outer tips fades into the background, so it was difficult to estimate the full extent. A faint star is just off the following side of the core and a pair of mag 14 stars is off the southeast extension. Located in a rich star field 8.5' WSW of mag 8 HD 5982.

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 3.5'x1.0', weak concentration to a brighter middle but no nucleus. Several faint stars are near including a mag 14 star at the northwest tip and two mag 14 stars are situated on either side of the south-southeast end. A brighter mag 12 star is 3.5' NNW of center. Located 8.6' WSW of mag 7.8 SAO 36857.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 65 = Sw. 10-4 on 25 Sep 1890 and recorded "eF; pL; vE; 2 B st. in field; one f[ollowing] the other s[outh]."

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IC 66 = UGC 623 = MCG +05-03-033 = CGCG 501-059 = LGG 014-039 = PGC 3606

01 00 32.5 +30 47 50; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 125°

17.5" (10/5/02): faint, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.3'. Located 8' N of NGC 338 and 18' SW of IC 69 in the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster (SW of the Pisces Chain).

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 66 = Big. 108 on 12 Nov 1890 with the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory.

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IC 69 = MCG +05-03-041 = CGCG 501-066 = LGG 014-041 = PGC 3666 = PGC 1929122

01 01 23.8 +31 02 29; Psc

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1

17.5" (10/5/02): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6', low even surface brightness. Located 4' SW of mag 8.4 SAO 54358. IC 66 lies 18' SW. Member of the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster.

Truman Safford discovered IC 69 = Sf. 66 on 8 Nov 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and recorded "F, iF, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 73 = CGCG 410-029 = UM 84 = PGC 3842

01 04 53.1 +04 46 03; Psc

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 149°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 0.3' diameter. :pcated 16' SW of 77 Psc, a bright, wide double star (STF 90 = 6.8/7.6 at 33").

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 73 = J. 1-39 on 20 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 30".

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IC 74 = CGCG 410-030 = PGC 3897

01 05 56.0 +04 05 25; Psc

V = 14.5; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 5°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated, 25"x20", very small brighter nucleus, faint halo. Located 7.5' SSE of mag 7.3 HD 6464, which is just outside the field at this power.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 74 = J. 1-40 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is 1' too bar north, but the identification is certain.

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IC 75 = UGC 684 = MCG +02-03-035 = CGCG 435-043 = PGC 3959

01 07 11.6 +10 50 13; Psc

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 30°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, moderate surface brightness, slightly elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~30"x24", irregular surface brightness. A faint star [mag 15.4] is superimposed on the south side, ~10" from center. A mag 13 star is 1.7' S and a mag 14 star is a similar distance north.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 75 = J. 2-517 on 17 Oct 1892. His position matches IC 75. MCG doesn't label MCG +02-03-035 as IC 75.

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IC 76 = MCG -01-04-001 = PGC 4035

01 08 11.7 -04 33 16; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.35'; PA = 115°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, surprisingly easy with a fairly good surface brightness to the central region. Initially it seemed only slightly elongated. But with averted vision, there was a much lower surface elongated halo WNW-SSE, ~35"x15", that was slightly misaligned with the core. A mag 13.3 star is 1.8' WNW and a mag 10.4 star is 6' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 76 = J. 2-518 on 14 Dec 1892 and noted "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter middle. His position is accurate.

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IC 77 = MCG -03-04-012 = PGC 73653

01 08 43.7 -15 25 15; Cet

Size 0.5'x0.5'

18" (11/22/03): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Only visible intermittently. Located just 2' SW of IC 80 in AGC 151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 77 = J. 1-41, along with IC 80 on 31 Aug 1892. Harold Corwin notes that Javelle's positions are unambiguous although MCG misidentified IC 80 (the double galaxy MCG -03-04-008/009) as IC 77. The original PGC applied the two MCG numbers to IC 77 and IC 80.

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IC 78 = MCG -03-04-010 = PGC 4079

01 08 47.6 -15 50 34; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 124°

18" (11/22/03): faint, moderately large, fairly low surface brightness with weak concentration. Initially just a 40" core was noticed but with extended viewing larger extensions increased the total size to ~1.2'x0.6'. Possible member of AGC 151 or in a foreground group with IC 79 6.4' S and IC 82 10' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 78 = J. 1-42, along with IC 79 and 82, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 79 = MCG -03-04-011 = PGC 4082

01 08 49.7 -15 56 55; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3

18" (11/22/03): faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", a mag 14 star is just off the NNE edge, 30" from center. Located between IC 78 6.4' N and IC 82 5' SE in AGC 151 (or possibly a foreground cluster).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 79 = J. 1-43, along with IC 78 and 82, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 80 = MCG -03-04-008 = MCG -03-04-009 = SCG 8 = PGC 4072 = PGC 4071

01 08 51.1 -15 24 23; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 45°

18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25", low even surface brightness. This is a double system [nuclei separated by 11"] which was not resolved. IC 80 itself forms a close pair with IC 77 2' SW in AGC 151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 80 = J. 1-44, along with IC 77, on 31 Aug 1892. Although Javelle's positions are unambiguous MCG misidentifies IC 80 as IC 77 and SIMBAD misidentifies MCG -03-04-012 = PGC 4070 as IC 80.

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IC 81 = MCG +00-04-015 = CGCG 385-010 = PGC 4127

01 09 22.3 -01 41 45; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 135°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, sharp stellar nucleus, surround by a small 15" halo that was better seen with averted vision. A mag 13.2 is close southeast [0.8' from center].

Forms a pair with UGC 726 9.4' ESE. The UGC appeared faint, moderately large, elongated NW-SE but irregular with a low surface brightness, weakly brighter center. A mag 9.6 star is 5' WSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 81 = Sw. 7-2 on 18 Oct 1887 and reported "eF;, S; lE; * close nf." His position is 2.8' WNW of CGCG 385-010 = PGC 4127. Herbert Howe reobserved the galaxy in 1900 and reported, "I could find no "* close nf." A star of mag 11 follows 3s, 0.3' south." He also corrected the position, which was repeated in the IC notes/corrections section. The MCG lists this galaxy (-00-04-013), but doesn't identify it as IC 81.

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IC 82 = MCG -03-04-013 = PGC 4103

01 09 05.8 -16 00 01; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 111°

18" (11/22/03): very faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, low surface brightness. Third in the 257x field close south of the core of AGC 151 with IC 79 5' NW and IC 78 10' NW. Located 6' NW of a mag 10.4 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 82 = J. 1-45, along with IC 78 and 79, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 83 = MCG +00-04-021 = CGCG 385-015 = PGC 4182

01 10 29.8 +01 41 22; Cet

V = 14.6; Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 114°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; faint, fairly low surface brightness, slightly elongated WNW-ENE, ~25"x20", very weak concentration. A 20" pair of mag 14.2/14.6 stars is just off the NE side and nearly collinear with the galaxy. IC 84 lies 14' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 83 = J.1-46, along with IC 84, on 5 Nov 1891. His position is 1.3' too far northwest (similar offset error as IC 84), but the identification is certain.

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IC 84 = MCG +00-04-029 = CGCG 385-021 = PGC 4265

01 11 25.6 +01 38 25; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 11°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; at 375x; fairly faint, small roundish core with gradual weak concentration to the center. The halo is faint, very diffuse, elongated N-S, ~30"x20". A mag 12.6 star is 3' SE. IC 83 lies 14' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 84 = J.1-47, along with IC 83, on 5 Nov 1891. His position is 1.2' too far northwest (similar offset error as IC 83) and both identifications are certain. The redshift of IC 84 is less than 1/2 that of IC 83, so the galaxies are unrelated.

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IC 86 = LEDA 165316

01 13 28.5 -16 14 30; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 142°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"-24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 86 = J. 1-48 on 2 Sep 1892. His position matches PGC 165316, although both LEDA and SIMBAD fail to identify this galaxy as IC 86.

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IC 87 = MCG +00-04-048 = CGCG 385-038 = PGC 4454

01 14 15.8 +00 45 55; Cet

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (9/23/22): at 285x; very faint, round, low even surface brightness, just a dim patch of 20"-25" diameter. IC 88 lies 4' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 87 = J. 2-519, along with IC 88, on 12 Dec 1893. Both of his positions are offset about 30" to the northwest, so the identifications are certain.

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IC 88 = LEDA 1175571

01 14 31.3 +00 47 30; Cet

V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 128°

24" (9/23/22): at 285x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15", very low uniform surface brightness. Located 2' W of a mag 11.2 star and 4' NE of IC 87.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 88 = J. 2-520, along with IC 87, on 12 Dec 1893. Both of his positions are offset about 30" to the northwest, so the identifications are certain but MCG misidentified +00-04-049 as IC 88. The correct galaxy is not in the MCG. As a result, IC 88 is also misidentified in PGC and HyperLeda (as well as Megastar).

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IC 89 = NGC 446 = MCG +01-04-012 = CGCG 411-016 = PGC 4578

01 16 03.6 +04 17 38; Psc

V = 12.4; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.5

17.5" (12/23/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, prominent sharp bright core with a nearly stellar nucleus. This galaxy is identified as IC 89 in UGC, CGCG and RC3. NGC 446 lies 19' WSW and NGC 462 is 30' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 89 = J. 1-49 on 20 Aug 1892. His position matches CGCG 411-016 = PGC 4578. This galaxy is possibly identical to NGC 446, discovered by Marth on 23 Oct 1864. Marth's position is 1.0 minute of RA west of IC 89. UGC, CGCG, MCG and RC3 use IC 89 as the primary designation for this galaxy. Karl Reinmuth also makes the equivalence NGC 446 = IC 89 and gives the IC position. UGC, CGCG (411-010) and RNGC identify UGC 794 = PGC 4494 as NGC 446. This galaxy is located 13 seconds of RA (time) east and 7' N of UGC 794, which would require random errors in both directions by Marth instead of a single digit error.

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IC 90 = MCG -01-04-023 = PGC 4606

01 16 30.3 -07 58 37; Cet

V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x1.1'

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; relatively bright and well defined. round, ~40" diameter, good surface brightness, occasional very small bright nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 2' E. Located 0.5° E of 37 Cet = 5.2/7.9 pair at 49".

N. M. Parrish discovered IC 90 on 2 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He noted "small bright middle nucleus." and the size estimated at 12". Ormond Stone, who authored the paper, was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 91 = LEDA 1230543

01 18 39.4 +02 33 13; Cet

V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 63°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, 15"-20", diffuse, low even surface brightness except for perhaps a small brightening at the center. A small triangle of stars is 3' to 4' NW. IC 91 is located 6' E of mag 7.6 HD 7855.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 91 = J. 2-521 on 8 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.

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IC 92 = MCG +05-04-020 = CGCG 502-029 = PGC 4780

01 19 48.4 +32 46 04; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 0°

17.5" (12/23/89): extremely faint, small. A mag 15 star is 1' NW. Located 10' WNW of NGC 472 = NGC 468.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 92 = Big. 115 on 2 Nov 1885 with the 12" refractor at Paris. His position is a fairly close match with CGCG 502-029 = PGC 4780. This galaxy has been assumed to be identical to NGC 468, discovered by John Herschel on 22 Nov 1827. Herschel's position was 4' S of the galaxy and as a result Dreyer added the comment in the IC "? different from h 98", indicating his uncertainty if IC 92 was the same object.

In March 2015, Harold Corwin checked Herschel's observing logs (in response to an inquiry from Courtney Seligman about the identity) and found that Herschel made an error in reducing the position of NGC 468 by 37 seconds (recording the wrong wire). Once corrected, his position for h98 = NGC 468 is a close match with NGC 472 = UGC 870, a significantly brighter galaxy than IC 92. So, IC 92 should be the single identity for this galaxy. See NGC 468 for more.

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IC 93 = IC 1671 = MCG -03-04-043 = PGC 4724

01 19 02.3 -17 03 37; Cet

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 170°

18" (11/13/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.7'x0.2', broad weak concentration. The tips taper, though there is a strong impression of irregularities at the tips. Forms a pair with much fainter IC 1667 4.8' W. The IC 1670 pair lies 15' N.

18" (12/18/06): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 0.75'x0.3', weak concentration, slightly asymmetric appearance at the ends. IC 1667 lies 4.8' W. Located 11' W of mag 8.5 HD 8061.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 93 = Sw. 9-2 on 28 Sep 1889 and recorded "vF; pS; lE; 8 mag * f 46 seconds and 1' north." His position and description matches MCG -03-04-043 = PGC 4724. He found this galaxy again on 18 Dec 1895 and included it in list XI-18 (later IC 1671). His position, though, was poor (30 seconds of time too large and 2.3' too far south), so Dreyer naturally assumed it was new. But Swift's description ("p 7m * nf 47 sec") confirms IC 93 = IC 1671.

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IC 95 = LEDA 950887

01 19 17.9 -12 34 27; Cet

Size 0.55'x0.5'

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness. Viewed well west of the meridian at a low altitude.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 95 = J. 1-50, along with IC 98, on 3 Nov 1891. His position matches LEDA 950887, although LEDA doesn't recognize this number as IC 95.

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IC 96 = MCG +05-04-023 = CGCG 502-035 = PGC 4840

01 20 33.2 +29 37 01; Psc

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 43°

24" (10/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15", low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 1672 5' NNE. The identification of IC 96 is very uncertain and the number may be a duplicate of IC 1672.

Truman Safford discovered IC 96 = Sf. 69 on 1 Dec 1866 and recorded "pB, pS, very much brighter middle to a nucleus = 12-13m". His position is 4.6' NW of CGCG 502-035. Harold Corwin, Wolfgang Steinicke and NED identify CGCG 502-035 = PGC 4840 as IC 96, but not PGC or HyperLEDA. But Safford's position is also 4.6' SW of IC 1672, so his object could be to either object. Malcolm Thomson and Courtney Seligman favor IC 96 = IC 1672 as Safford only found one object and IC 1672 is roughly a magnitude brighter. Also his description is a better match with IC 1672, which is not noticeably elongated and has a brighter nucleus.

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IC 97 = NGC 475 = PGC 4796

01 20 02.0 +14 51 40; Psc

V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8

See observing notes for NGC 475.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 97 = Big. 3-117 on 12 Oct 1888 while searching for NGC 475, which he misidentified as a star. His position matches NGC 475, which was discovered by Marth on 3 Nov 1864. The NGC position (supposedly an improved micrometric position from C.H.F. Peters) is 0.3 minutes of RA too far east, so Dreyer mistakenly assumed Big. 117 was a new object and catalogued it again as IC 97. So, IC 97 = NGC 475, with discovery credit to Marth.

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IC 98 = MCG -02-04-027 = PGC 4869

01 20 54.9 -12 36 17; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, diffuse, very low even surface brightness. IC 95 is 24' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 98 = J. 1-51, along with IC 95, on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 99 = MCG -02-04-034 = PGC 4997

01 22 27.4 -12 57 09; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, occasionally seems slightly elongated. An extremely faint mag 15.7 star is just off the south edge. Viewed well west of the meridian at fairly low altitude.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 99 = J. 1-52 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 100 = MCG -01-04-030 = PGC 5029

01 22 54.0 -04 38 35; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.75'; PA = 88°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; nearly moderately bright, oval elongated 4:3 E-W, 0.8'x0.6', good surface brightness, gradually increases to a very small bright core. Located 12' SE of mag 8.3 HD 8292, with only a few faint stars in the field.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 100 = J. 2-522 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 101 = UGC 949 = MCG +02-04-036 = CGCG 436-039 = LGG 023-003 = PGC 5147

01 24 08.6 +09 55 50; Psc

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 127°

18" (12/3/05): faint hazy spot, irregularly round, ~20"-25" diameter. A mag 14.5 star lies 1' S. Pair with fainter IC 102 5' SE. Located 10' SW of NGC 522 in the NGC 524 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 101 = J. 2-523, along with IC 102 and 114, and recorded "vF, E, about 1' long, no central condensation." It was found again on a Crossley reflector plate taken by Keeler in 1898-1900 and catalogued as a new nebula (#28) in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.

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IC 102 = UGC 954 = CGCG 436-040 = PGC 5172

01 24 26.3 +09 53 12; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 111°

18" (12/3/05): extremely faint, very small, 15" diameter, no details. Marginal object that was just glimpsed as drifted through the field. Located 8' SW of NGC 522 in the NGC 524 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 102 = J. 2-524, along with IC 101 and 114, and recorded "eF, S, poorly defined, no central condensation." It was found again on a Crossley reflector plate taken by Keeler in 1898-1900 and catalogued as a new nebula (#29) in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.

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IC 103 = UGC 963 = MCG +00-04-117 = CGCG 385-107 = WBL 043-001 = PGC 5192

01 24 36.4 +02 02 39; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 127°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25"x20", quasi-stellar nucleus. First in a triplet (WBL 043) with IC 105 3' NE and IC 109 9' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 103 = J. 1-53, along with IC 105 and 109, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 10" diameter." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.

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IC 105 = CGCG 385-109 = WBL 043-002 = PGC 5206

01 24 46.2 +02 04 31; Cet

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 47°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20". A mag 12.8 star is 2.2' N and a mag 14.5 star is 1.3' SE. In a trio (WBL 043) with IC 103 3' SW and IC 109 7' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 105 = J. 1-54, along with IC 103 and 109, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 5" diameter, small central condensation." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.

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IC 106 = NGC 530 = UGC 965 = MCG +00-04-119 = PGC 5210

01 24 41.7 -01 35 14; Cet

V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 134°

17.5" (9/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is at the SE end 0.9' from center. Forms a pair with IC 1696 3' SE within AGC 194.

13.1" (9/22/84): moderately bright, edge-on NW-SE, bright core. A mag 12 star is off the SE end.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 106 = Big. 3-119 on 16 Nov 1887. This galaxy was discovered a year earlier by Lewis Swift and reported in his sixth list (Sw. 6-9 = NGC 530). Swift's RA is 15 seconds too large, so Bigourdan and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 106 = NGC 530 until the field was examined again in 1897 by Herbert Howe. MCG identifies this galaxy as IC 106 only (NGC 530 is misidentified as MCG +00-04-122) but UGC states NGC 530 = IC 106. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 107 = IC 1700 = UGC 986 = MCG +02-04-041 = CGCG 436-047 = PGC 5271

01 25 24.7 +14 51 53; Psc

V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 6°

24" (12/1/13): moderately to fairly bright, small, round, 20", high surface brightness. Gradually increases towards the center, then a sharp stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is at the southwest edge. Brightest in a small trio with IC 1698 1.6' SSW and UGC 978 2.8' WNW. IC 1704 lies 26' ESE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 107 = Sw. 10-5 on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "vF; vS; R; * close preceding." His position is 19 seconds of RA west of UGC 986 = PGC 5271, the brightest of a trio, and this galaxy has a star "close preceding" matching his description. Coincidentally, his poor position falls near UGC 978, the faintest in the trio, which is misidentified as IC 107 in the CGCG, UGC, MCG, RC 3 and NGC 2000, as well as secondary sources such as Megastar software.

Stephane Javelle independently found PGC 5271 again on 18 Jan 1896 (along with IC 1698, IC 1704 and IC 1706), assumed it was new, and Dreyer catalogued it again as IC 1700. Most sources identify UGC 986 as IC 1700 due to its unambiguous position, though by historical precedence IC 107 should be the primary designation.

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IC 108 = MCG -02-04-041 = PGC 5205

01 24 39.0 -12 38 08; Cet

Size 0.9'x0.25'; PA = 4°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint but not difficult, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.2'. Situated 4.5' SE of mag 9.4 HD 8562, which has a string of 3 stars extending south from it.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 108 = J. 1-55 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 109 = UGC 980 = MCG +00-04-128 = CGCG 385-117 = WBL 043-003 = PGC 5251

01 25 13.0 +02 04 01; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, 25" diameter, very weak concentration. A mag 14.7 star is 1.6' W and a mag 15.4 star is off the west side [0.6' from center]. Third in a trio with IC 105 6.7' WNW and IC 103 9' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 109 = J. 1-56, along with IC 103 and 105, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, round, 10" diameter." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.

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IC 112 = UGC 1008 = MCG +02-04-047 = CGCG 436-049 = PGC 5328

01 26 03.0 +11 26 35; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 128°

24" (9/22/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, nearly even surface brightness, 30"x20". Two mag 14/14.5 stars oriented NW-SE are off the NE side. Several mag 11-12 stars are in an elongated group to the north.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 112 = J. 2-525 on 4 Dec 1893. His position matches UGC 1008 to within 30" and the identification is certain.

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IC 113 = LEDA 3617669

01 26 25.5 +19 11 31; Psc

Size 0.35'x0.35'

24" (10/1/16): at 375x; very faint to faint, small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Situated 2.7' NE of mag 5.4 Rho Psc and 5' SW of mag 5.5 94 Psc! These stars are very bright and very distracting if within the field! It was easy to place 94 Psc outside the edge of the field and with a little care Rho Psc could also be moved just outside the edge of the 10mm Zeiss Abbe Ortho. IC 115 lies 7' ENE. Located at a redshift-based light travel time of ~585 million years in the cluster AGC 195.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 113, along with IC 115, on 26 Jul 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "vF, 3' nf of * 5m [Rho Psc]" and measured an accurate positon based on the bright star.

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IC 114 = UGC 1015 = MCG +02-04-048 = CGCG 436-050 = PGC 5343

01 26 22.6 +09 54 36; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 150°

18" (12/3/05): extremely faint, small, appears as a low surface brightness spot ~25" diameter, appears elongated but too faint for details. A mag 13 star lies 1.8' W. Located 30' NE of NGC 524 in a large group of galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 114 = J. 2-526, along with IC 101 and 102, and recorded "eF, vS, R, 20" diameter."

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IC 115 = MCG +03-04-039 = CGCG 459-054 = PGC 5395

01 26 54.4 +19 12 53; Psc

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Located 3.4' SE of mag 5.5 94 Piscium and 9.6' NE of mag 5.4 Rho Piscium. IC 115 is the brightest cluster member of AGC 195.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 115, along with IC 113, on 26 Jul 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while examining whether the nearby bright stars were double. He noted "vF, * 6m [94 Psc] 3.5' npp" and measured an accurate offset with respect to the star.

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IC 116 = MCG -01-04-049 = PGC 5389

01 26 50.6 -04 58 57; Cet

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 127°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; uneven surface brightness and perhaps brighter along part of the western edge. A mag 12 star is 1.6' E and a mag 13 star is 1.6' NNW. IC 118 lies 11' ESE.

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, easily visible with direct vision, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, edge of halo ill-defined (like a face-on spiral), gradual fairly weak concentration with a slightly brighter core and an occasional faint stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 12 star 1.5' E and a mag 13 star 1.5' NW. IC 118 lies 11' E.

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration, no distinct core.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 116 = J. 1-57, along with IC 118, on 14 Dec 1892. His position matches PGC 5389.

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IC 117 = NGC 560 = UGC 1036 = MCG +00-04-151 = CGCG 385-145 = PGC 5430

01 27 25.4 -01 54 47; Cet

V = 13.0; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 178°

See observing notes for NGC 560.

Stephane Javelle found IC 117 = J. 1-58 on 6 Nov 1891. There is nothing at his position but Harold Corwin discovered that Javelle misidentified his offset star. Once corrected, Javelle's offsets point directly to NGC 558. So, IC 117 = NGC 558. See Corwin's write-up on this error.

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IC 118 = MCG -01-04-053 = PGC 5446

01 27 36.0 -04 59 51; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness, difficult but confirmed with a few very good pops. Brighter IC 116 is 11' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 118 = J. 2-527, along with IC 116, on 14 Dec 1892. His position matches PGC 5446.

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IC 119 = UGC 1047 = MCG +00-04-157 = CGCG 385-149 = PGC 5465

01 27 55.0 -02 02 26; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.5'; PA = 77°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 E-W, low even surface brightness, 0.6'x0.2'. The view is significantly compromised by mag 7.0 HD 8943 just 1.6'E! Also mag 8.6 HD 8930 is 3' N. Member of AGC 194 with NGC 564 10' N, NGC 560 11' NW, NGC 558 11' WNW and IC 120 8' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 119 = J. 1-59 on 6 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, without condensation." His position matches UGC 1047 in AGC 194.

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IC 120 = CGCG 385-152 = WBL 047-004 = PGC 5484

01 28 13.0 -01 54 56; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 138°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 30"x12. Located 6.6' ESE of NGC 564 and 7.7' NNE of mag 7.0 HD 8943.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 120 = J. 1-60 on 4 Nov 1875 during an observation of NGC 560 and 564. His approximate position was 1.5' to the NE, matching the offsets of the two NGCs. For some reason he never measured an accurate position or published the discovery. Stephane Javelle discovered it again on 3 Dec 1891 (first list, #60) and recorded "faint, small, diffuse, appears as a whitish spot, without condensation.

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IC 121 = UGC 1053 = MCG +00-04-159 = CGCG 385-154 = PGC 5492

01 28 21.8 +02 30 47; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 108°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 or 5:3 E-W, 0.6'x0.4', slightly brighter elongated core. The galaxy forms the western vertex with a near equilateral triangle with a 22" pair of mag 14.5 stars 3' ENE and a slightly wider pair 3' SE. Mag 10 HD 9011 is 6' ESE and IC 123 (similar redshift) is 8.5' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 121 = J. 2-528, along with IC 123, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset ~1.3' too far NNW, but there is no doubt on the identifications.

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IC 123 = MCG +00-04-161 = CGCG 385-157 = Ark 49 = UM 105 = PGC 5524

01 28 51.5 +02 26 47; Cet

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 43°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, compact appearance, 0.4'x0.3', fairly even surface brightness. Situated just 2.5' SSE of mag 10 HD 9011 and the star slightly affects the view. IC 121 lies 8.5' NW. The pair lies at a similar redshift.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 123 = J. 2-529, along with IC 121, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset ~1.3' too far NNW, but there is no double on the identifications.

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IC 126 = UGC 1071 = CGCG 385-162 = PGC 5577

01 29 47.9 -01 59 01; Cet

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter (core only). Just visible continuously with averted. Located less than 1' N of a mag 12.6 star and 13' W of NGC 577, in the eastern outskirts of AGC 194.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 126 = J. 1-64 on 6 Jan 1891. His position matches UGC 1071, situated 13' W of NGC 577.

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IC 127 = MCG -01-04-057 = PGC 5581

01 29 47.6 -06 58 48; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.4'; PA = 110°

24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.3', slightly brighter core. The view is somewhat hampered by a mag 12.5 star that is superimposed on the south edge of the southeast extension. The galaxy extends mostly NW of this star. Situated 4.3' WNW of a mag 9.7 star and 24' WSW of NGC 584 in a group (LGG 027 = USGC S056).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 127 = J. 2-530 on 14 Dec 1892. He noted "faint, pretty small, diffuse, very close to a mag 11.5 star" and measured an accurate position.

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IC 128 = MCG -02-04-063 = PGC 5659

01 31 23.9 -12 37 28; Cet

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165°

24" (10/1/16): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 15" diameter. IC 128 is the fainter of a pair with IC 129 2.6' SE. IC 128 appears distorted on the DSS with a tidal plume to the northwest.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 128 = J. I-65, along with IC 129, on 3 Jan 1891. He noted "faint, round, with stellar nucleus" and measured an accurate position. The MCG incorrectly equates -02-04-062 with IC 128, instead of -02-04-063.

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IC 129 = MCG -02-05-001 = PGC 5675

01 31 31.2 -12 39 16; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.7'; PA = 78°

24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, 24"x16" (central region), contains a small bright nucleus that gradually increases to the center. Forms a physical pair with IC 128 2.6' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 121 = J. 2-528, along with IC 123 = J. 2-529, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset about 1.2' too far NNW, but the identifications are certain.

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IC 130 = MCG -03-05-001 = PGC 5671

01 31 28.7 -15 35 30; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, diffuse, 20"-25" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. Forms the southern vertex of a flat triangle with a mag 13.3 star 3.5' NNE and a mag 12.2 star 5.7' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 130 = J. 1-67 on 2 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 131 = M33-A29 = BCLMP 290

01 33 14.6 +30 44 56; Tri

18" (12/8/07): faint, quasi-stellar knot to the southeast of a N-S pair of stars (this pair is also collinear with NGC 592 located 6' S of IC 131). But, according to Harold Corwin this compact HII region was assumed to be a mag 13.5 star by Bigourdan and IC 131 refers to two very small star clouds close following (seen in the 10/25/97 observation below, but missed this time). The nearly stellar knot I observed is catalogued as BCLMP 290B.

17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. This HII region is located 10' WNW of the center of M33 near a wide pair [50"] of mag 11/12 stars. A mag 14 star is nearby and at first I thought this star was IC 131 (on the DSS this 14th magnitude "star" is a compact HII region and was also described as a star by Bigourdan). Collinear with IC 133 8' N and IC 132 11.5' N.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 131 = Big. 122, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.

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IC 132 = BCLMP 638

01 33 15.8 +30 56 45; Tri

Size 0.8'x0.6'

18" (12/8/07): this faint HII complex in M33 appears as a 20"-25" knot, situated just 1' N of a 10" pair of mag 13 stars and 1.5' W of mag 9.3 HD 9444. IC 133 lies 3.5' S.

17.5" (10/25/97): faint but easily visible HII knot of 20" diameter. Located 1' N of a pair of mag 13 stars at 10" separation and 1.6' W of a mag 9 star. Forms the northern member of a pair of HII regions with IC 133 3.4' S.

13.1" (8/5/83): very faint knot.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 132 = Big. 123, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.

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IC 133 = M33-A137 = BCLMP 624

01 33 15.8 +30 53 05; Tri

V = 14.3

18" (12/8/07): this star cloud/HII complex appeared as a faint, fairly large diffuse patch, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4'. Located 15' NW of the center of M33 and 4' SSW of mag 9.3 HD 9444. IC 132 lies 3.5' N.

17.5" (10/25/97): faint, diffuse, hazy HII region of 35" diameter at the NW end of M33 15' NW of the center. Forms a "pair" with IC 132 3.4' N. This object is larger than IC 132 at times with averted vision but has a lower surface brightness.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 133 = Big. 124, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan's position is "toward the southern end where there appears to be a fairly compact HII region."

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IC 135 = M33-A100

01 34 15.8 +30 37 11; Tri

18" (12/8/07): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated N-S, ~1.0'x0.5'. Located off the ESE side of the core of M33 on the opposite side of the core from NGC 595.

17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): fairly faint, fairly small, 1' diameter. This HII region is located 6' ESE of the center of M33 and is symmetrically placed on the opposite side of M33 from NGC 595. IC 136 lies 3.5' S.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 135 = Big. 126, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan made an error with the "estimated offset from M33's nucleus of his comparison star". It also appears that his offsets were applied with the wrong signs as the relative positions of these objects are reversed in RA as well as declination! As a result, the IC positions for IC 135, 136, 139, and 140 are incorrect and out of RA order. But if the relative differences in RA and NPD are reversed and applied to IC 135 at the position given here, then they land on the correct positions for IC 136, 139 and 140.

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IC 136 = M33-A101 = BCLMP 88

01 34 17 +30 34 00; Tri

Size 0.6'

18" (12/8/07): faint, fairly large, very low surface brightness patch, ~1.5' diameter, located 3.5' S of IC 135. Appears roughly circular, though the outline is ill defined. This object is not as prominent as nearby IC 139/140 (to the west and southwest) and IC 135 to the north.

17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, ill-defined hazy region in M33 between IC 135 3.5' N and a mag 11.5 star 2.5' SSE (just west of the line connecting these objects). Appears as a slightly locally brighter region of 30" diameter and not as noticeable as the other IC HII regions - would have passed over if casually sweeping galaxy. This star association may have a smaller HII component.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 136 = Big. 127, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.

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IC 137 = M33-A12

01 33 39.1 +30 31 20; Tri

18" (12/8/07): very large brightening in the outer spiral arm, ~9' to the SSW of the center of M33, ~2.5'x2.0'. M33-A14 lies NW.

17.5" (7/5/86): very faint HII knot or star association in M33 located along the main southern spiral arm 10' SSW of center of M33.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 137 = Big. 128, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. His micrometric position falls within M33-A12; IC 137 is the southwestern part of the association.

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IC 138 = UGC 1106 = MCG +00-05-003 = CGCG 386-005 = PGC 5771

01 33 02.0 -00 41 23; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 27°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; moderately faint, oval 4:3 ~N-S, ~40"x30", fairly low surface brightness halo. A faint star (mag 15.5+) is at the E edge. A mag 10.6 star is 8' SE.

Aaron Skinner, an assistant to Truman Safford, discovered IC 138 = Sf. 95 on 27 Sep 1867. His position is 2' WNW of UGC 1106, the only reasonably bright nearby galaxy that he might have seen. The discovery list, published 20 years later, was included in an appendix to the NGC and later added to the IC 1.

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IC 139 = M33-A4

01 33 59.2 +30 34 03; Tri

18" (12/8/07): fairly small, ~45"x30, extended N-S, moderately bright HII knot/cluster forming a 1' pair with IC 140 to the south.

17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): fairly prominent elongated HII region and star association just following a mag 13 star 5.4' SSE of the center of M33. Extended ~N-S, perhaps 2.0'x0.5' and consists of two brighter knots at both ends (the size appears too large). Similar view on 7/5/86.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 139 = Big. 129, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.

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IC 140 = M33-A5

01 33 58.1 +30 33 02; Tri

18" (12/8/07): this moderately bright knot (cluster) in M33 is ~35" in diameter, roundish and located just 1' S of IC 139.

17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): located SSW of IC 139 in M33 and visible as an easy knot, ~1' in diameter with ill-defined edges. There is a second knot close west which is slightly fainter.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 140 = Big. 130, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.

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IC 141 = MCG -03-05-004 = PGC 5765

01 32 51.7 -14 48 53; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; unusual appearance with a very small and bright core that is offset to the west side - the halo is larger and extends further on the east side). A mag 14.5 star is 2' E and a mag 15.5 star is less than 1' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 141 = J. 1-68 on 5 Dec 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, round, with eccentrically placed core." His position matches PGC 5765.

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IC 142 = M33-A67 = BCLMP 301

01 33 55.6 +30 45 26; Tri

Size 0.5'

24" (12/28/13): B324, a highly luminous hypergiant and the brightest individual star in M33, appeared as a 15th magnitude star at the north edge of IC 142. At 325x, it was not resolved from the general glow, but appeared as a sharp stellar point just within the glow on the north side. IC 142 is nearly collinear with a mag 13.5 star 2.1' NW and a mag 11 star 2.9' NW. Globular Cluster U49 lies 3.3' NW.

18" (12/10/07): fairly bright, small, contains a bright core and faint extensions SW-NE, ~25"x13". Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 11 stars 3' WNW and 3' N.

17.5" (10/25/97): fairly faint, very small, round. Stands out nicely 6' N of the center of M33. Either contains a stellar spot near the center or a faint star is superimposed. This "stellar spot" is likely B324, the brightest individual star in M33 excluding Luminous Blue Variables. B324 is an A-type supergiant with a V magnitude of 15.2. IC 142 is the first of three HII regions in the spiral arm containing IC 142, IC 143 and ending with NGC 604.

13.1" (8/16/82): faint knot in arm leading to NGC 604.

Bindon Blood Stoney or his brother George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistants, discovered NGC 595 on 2 Feb 1851 (or perhaps on the 13 Sep 1850 observation, "full of knots"). An offset was measured from a star superimposed just north of the core of M33. The nebula was labeled as "2" on the diagram in the 1861 publication. No coordinates were ever measured at Birr Castle.

Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 139 = B. 131, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC as Dreyer had no way of confirmng Stoney's #2 was the same object.

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IC 143 = M33-A75

01 34 11.2 +30 46 38; Tri

18" (12/10/07): very faint, small, hazy patch, ~25"x20", situated close west of a mag 13.5 star and 4.5' due west of NGC 604. Immediately noticed at 225x, though diffuse with an ill-defined outline. Forms a pair with M33-A71 just 1.5' NW. A71 appeared very faint, small, low surface brightness patch, ~20" diameter. It is perhaps slightly fainter than nearby IC 143 (= A75), but with averted vision A71 has a better defined border. IC 143 is primarily a star cloud (no HII emission), while A71 is an HII region.

17.5" (10/25/97): appears as a very faint, hazy patch close WNW of a mag 13.5 star. This HII region (M31-A75) is located 5' W of NGC 604 and 8' NNE of the center of M33. M33-A71 is another very faint, 20" knot just 1.3' NW that appeared slightly brighter than IC 143. This is the second of three HII regions along with IC 142 3.5' WSW and NGC 604 5' E in the spiral arm attached at the west side of M33 and winding towards the NE.

13.1" (8/16/82): very faint, small knot in arm leading to NGC 604.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 143 = Big. 132, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.

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IC 145 = MCG +00-05-020 = CGCG 386-022 = PGC 6084

01 38 38.4 +00 44 29; Cet

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 6°

24" (11/15/22): at 225x, 260x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is 2' WNW. Located 14' NW of mag 7.7 HD 10165.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 145 = J. 2-531 on 12 Dec 1893. His position matches CGCG 386-022.

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IC 146 = NGC 648 = ESO 543-006 = MCG -03-05-011 = PGC 6083

01 38 39.8 -17 49 53; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 114°

17.5" (12/4/93): faint, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration. A bright uneven double star h2067 = 7.6/11.6 at 34" lies 10' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 146 = J. 1-70 on 30 Sep 1892. His position matches ESO 543-006 = PGC 6083. This galaxy was probably discovered earlier by Leavenworth at the Leander McCormick Observatory in 1886. Leavenworth's rough position for J. 1-70 (later IC 146) is 1.6 min of RA east of this galaxy, a typical error. Because of the poor position, Bigourdan was unable to recover the galaxy and Javelle assume his observation was new. Herbert Howe reobserved and measured an accurate position for NGC 648 around 1900 (repeated in the IC 2 notes), though neither Howe nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence NGC 648 = IC 146. ESO states the equivalence NGC 648 = IC 146. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 147 = MCG -03-05-013 = PGC 6164

01 39 59.8 -14 51 46; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 69°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, diffuse, 25" diameter, slightly brighter core. Situated 12' WNW of orange mag 7.8 HD 10341. The field is lacking in stars, though a mag 14.5 star is 4' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 147 = J. 2-532 on 7 Dec 1893 and recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without concentration, a very faint star is nearby." The "faint star" may be LEDA 918901, just off the southwest side, though this galaxy is quite faint.

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IC 148 = UGC 1195 = MCG +02-05-011 = CGCG 437-010 = LGG 029-001 = PGC 6292

01 42 27.0 +13 58 37; Psc

V = 12.9; Size 3.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 45°

17.5" (12/18/89): faint, moderately large, oval SW-NE, low even surface brightness. Located 22' NNW of NGC 660. This galaxy is possibly IC 148.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 148 = Sw. 10-6 on 30 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; v diff.; np of [NGC] 660. There is nothing at his postion -- nearly 10' due west of NGC 660. However, exactly 20' north is UGC 1195 and Harold Corwin identifies this galaxy as UGC 1195. This galaxy is "np of 660" as in the description and a 20' digit error in declination accounts for the position. Still, this identification is not certain and neither the UGC, CGCG, MCG, PGC or HyperLeda identify their entries as IC 148. NED lists IC 148 as UGC 1195, as well as SIMBAD.

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IC 149 = MCG -03-05-015 = PGC 6289

01 42 25.4 -16 18 01; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 81°

24" (9/23/17): at 124x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 40"x20", weak concentration. Situated just west of the line connecting a mag 11.8 star 1.2' NE and a mag 12.6 star 1.8' SSE. Located 26' E of mag 8.1 HD 10318 and 32' SW of mag 3.5 Tau Ceti.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 149 = J. 2-533 on 7 Dec 1893 and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, about 40" long, slightly brighter middle." His position and description matches PGC 6289. MCG and PGC fail to label their numbers as IC 149.

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IC 150 = UGC 1202 = MCG +01-05-026 = CGCG 412-020 = PGC 6316

01 42 57.5 +04 12 01; Psc

V = 14.8; Size 0.9x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 143°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 2:1 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.3', low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.4' SW. IC 150 is located 12' WSW of NGC 664 (similar redshift).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 150 = J. 2-534 on 5 Dec 1893. His position is 1' SW of UGC 1202, but the identification is secure.

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IC 151 = UGC 1271 = MCG +02-05-040 = CGCG 437-036 = PGC 6657

01 49 00.1 +13 12 40; Ari

V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 95°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Located 10' NNW of NGC 677 (brighter of a close pair with NGC 675). UGC 1279, located 11' NE, appeared faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, ~30"x18", low surface brightness.

17.5" (12/18/89): fairly faint, very small, round, compact, very small bright core, fairly high surface brightness. Picked up 10' NNW of NGC 677 near edge of field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 151= Sw. 10-7, along with IC 152, on 11 Aug 1890 and recorded "eF; pS; np of 2." There is nothing at his position and Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson originally concluded this number was lost. The only reasonably bright galaxy near Swift's position is UGC 1200, located ~17' WSW of Swift's position, but there's no evidence this was the intended object.

But in 2017, Harold Corwin found that if Swift made a 5 minute error in his RA position, then IC 151 = UGC 1271 and IC 152 = NGC 677. The declinations match within an arcminute, so these identification appear likely. Just earlier I had suggested identifications for IC 153 and IC 157, found by Swift in September 1890, based on 4 minutes of time corrections. So, Corwin looked for a similar correction for these two numbers.

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IC 152 = NGC 677 = UGC 1275 = MCG +02-05-042 = CGCG 437-039 = PGC 6673

01 49 14.0 +13 03 19; Ari

V = 12.2; Size 2.0'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.7

See observing notes for NGC 677

Lewis Swift discovered IC 152 = Sw. 10-8, along with IC 151, on 11 Aug 1890 and recorded "eF, S, R, vF * close, sf of 2 [with IC 151]." There is no pair of galaxies in the area matching his relative separations. CGCG identifies CGCG 437-016 = PGC 6368 as IC 152. This is the closest galaxy (2.7' to the NW) to Swift's position, but may be too faint to be one of Swift's galaxies and furthermore, there is no "vF * close".

After I suggested to Harold Corwin the possible identities IC 153 = UGC 1260 and IC 157 = UGC 1274 (with ~4 minute errors in RA), also Swift discoveries, he found that a 5 minute error in the position of IC 152 would match with NGC 677. The "vF * close" might refer to the 14th magnitude star less than 1' NW of center or even NGC 675. This identification is not certain, but certainly reasonable particularly given the other matches.

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IC 153 = UGC 1260 = Mrk 575 = CGCG 437-031 = PGC 6633

01 48 33.1 +12 36 50; Ari

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. Weak concentration but appears to have a brighter bar through the center oriented SW-NE [later confirmed on the DSS]. A mag 10.8 star is 2.5' NW. UGC 1274 (likely IC 157) lies 17' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 153 = Sw. 10-9, along with IC 157, on 25 Sep 1890 and reported "eF, pS, R, sp of 2 [with IC 157]." There is nothing at his position and Corwin concludes this object is nonexistent. The nearest galaxy he might have picked up is CGCG 437-018 = PGC 6381, located 12' S of his position, but there is nothing at his relative offset to IC 157 (~21' NE).

In 2017, I noticed that exactly 4 minutes of RA east of Swift's position is UGC 1260 (dec matches within 1') and 17' NE of this galaxy is UGC 1274. Is this pair IC 153 and 157? Swift's descriptions in this case are not very helpful, but regarding IC 157 he states: "D * and wide D p, nf of 2." Do these comments apply to UGC 1274? About 8' northwest of UGC 1274 is a 10th magnitude star (SAO 92644) that has a wide companion, and also 8' southwest is a closer and fainter double star. So, I think these conditions are met and Corwin concurs this identification is likely.

Following my suggestion, Corwin found that IC 151 and IC 152, found by Swift on 11 Aug 1890, might have similar RA errors of 5 minutes, matching UGC 1271 and NGC 677. The declinations match to within 1' and the RA differences match as well.

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IC 154 = UGC 1229 = MCG +02-05-023 = PGC 6439

01 45 16.4 +10 38 57; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 1.4'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 66°

17.5" (12/18/89): very faint, fairly small, appears as a very thin sliver WSW-ENE. A mag 13.5 star is at the preceding end 40" WSW of center. Member of the NGC 665 group and forms a pair with IC 156 6' SSE. NGC 665 lies 14' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 154 = J. 2-535, along with IC 156, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "F, vS, little brighter middle, * 11.5 sp."

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IC 156 = UGC 1231 = MCG +02-05-025 = PGC 6448

01 45 29.3 +10 33 09; Psc

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9

17.5" (12/18/89): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE. A mag 14 star is 0.9' N. Located 2.5' W of mag 8.7 SAO 92617. Member of the NGC 665 group with IC 154 6' NNW and NGC 665 11' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 156 = J. 2-536, along with IC 154, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "pB, R, 30" diameter, much brighter middle to a nucleus = * 12 mag."

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IC 157 = UGC 1274 = MCG +02-05-043 = CGCG 437-038 = PGC 6670

01 49 11.6 +12 51 12; Ari

V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.4'; PA = 108°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, moderately surface brightness, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~40"x16", small brighter core. UGC 1260 (likely IC 153) lies 16' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 157 = Sw. 10-10, along with IC 153, on 25 Sep 1890. There are no nearby galaxies he might have picked up and both Corwin and Thomson concluded these numbers were lost. Looking at the general region, I noticed that if Swift made a 4 minute error in RA, it's possible that IC 153 = UGC 1260 and IC 157 = UGC 1274, though in the latter case the offset in RA is close to 3.5 minutes in RA. Corwin agrees this is a reasonable hypothesis, and 5 minutes errors in RA also accounts for IC 151 = UGC 1271 and IC 152 = NGC 677, found by Swift a month earlier.

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IC 158 = LEDA 144318

01 45 53.5 -06 56 08; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 140°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' SSW. Located 20' SE of mag 6.5 HD 10725 = BU 6 (6.6/8.9 at 2.2").

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 158 = J. 2-537 on 14 Dec 1892. His position matches LEDA 144318, although HyperLeda doesn't recognize this galaxy as IC 158.

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IC 159 = MCG -02-05-042 = PGC 6505

01 46 25.1 -08 38 12; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 27°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, relatively large, oval ~3:2 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration, slightly brighter core. Within a group of stars including two mag 14 stars 2' and 3' NNW. A mag 10.7 star is 5' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 159 = J. 2-538 on 17 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 160 = MCG -02-05-044 = PGC 6511

01 46 29.6 -13 14 52; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 85°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC discovery by Javelle, well concentrated with a small bright core, elongated E-W, 35"-40" along the major axis.

Member of a small group (USGC S065) with MCG -02-05-046 10' SSE. Logged as faint, elongated at least 2:1 SW-NE, uniform brightness, easily visible with averted. A mag 10.1 star is 3.7' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 160 = J. 1-71 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is at the southeast edge of PGC 6511.

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IC 161 = VV 54a = UGC 1266 = MCG +02-05-036 = CGCG 437-033 = Mrk 1007 = LGG 031-015 = PGC 6644

01 48 43.7 +10 30 28; Psc

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 65°

24" (12/28/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 0.4'x0.25', well concentrated with a very bright core than increases to a stellar nucleus. An extremely faint companion off the SE side (together forming VV 54) was not seen. Forms a pair with IC 162 = VV 55 = Arp 228 2.5' ENE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 161 = Sw. 9-3 = Sw. 10-11 on 3 Oct 1889 and recorded, "eeF; S; cE, between 2 distant stars in meridian." He returned to the field on 8 Jan 1891 and recorded IC 161 again (list 10, #11). It's uncertain whether his first observation in 1889 refers to the southwest (IC 161) or northeast (IC 162) member of this pair. Furthermore, his reported declination in 1891 is 10' too far south, which was repeated in the IC..

UGC, CGCG and MCG all misidentify IC 161 (= UGC 1266) as IC 162 and don't assign an IC designation to IC 162 = UGC 1267. See Corwin's notes on IC 161 and 162 as well as Malcolm's Thomson's IC Corrections.

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IC 162 = Arp 228 = VV 53a = UGC 1267 = MCG +02-05-038 = CGCG 437-034 = LGG 031-009 = PGC 6643

01 48 53.4 +10 31 17; Psc

V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (12/28/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, fairly well concentrated with a small bright core. The halo increases in size to at least 0.8' with averted vision. In a small group with MCG +02-05-039 = PGC 6653 just 1.0' SE, IC 161 2.5' WSW and UGC 1268 4.0' N. PGC 6653 appeared very faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 24"x12".

Arp placed IC 162 in his category of "concentric rings". V-V classified this galaxy as an interacting pair (VV 53), but the galaxy looks single on the SDSS.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 162 = Sw. 10-12 = Sw. 9-3? in January 1891 or perhaps earlier on 3 Oct 1889 (list 9, #3). The interpretation depends on which single galaxy he picked up in 1889. Furthermore, Swift's position for XI-11 is 10' too far south. The UGC, CGCG and MCG misidentify IC 161 (southwestern member of the pair) as IC 162. See Harold Corwin's notes and Malcolm Thompson's IC Corrections.

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IC 163 = UGC 1276 = MCG +03-05-018 = LGG 034-001 = PGC 6675

01 49 15.0 +20 42 40; Ari

V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 90°

24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, oval 2:1 or 5:2 ~E-W, brighter along the major axis like a bar, ~50"x20", bulges slightly at the center. The "bar" is slightly offset to the east in the halo. A mag 14.1 star is less than 1' S and another is 2' E.

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly in the moderately bright category, elongated ~5:2 E-W or perhaps ENE-WSW, slightly brighter core region. Sometimes appeared slightly brighter along the major axis like a bar. Situated just north of the westernmost star in slightly curved trio of similar 14th mag stars. Member of the NGC 691 Group.

Truman Safford discovered IC 163 = Sf. 72 = Sw. 9-4 on 27 Dec 1866 and recorded "pB, pS, bM N = 13m." His position is 1' N of UGC 1276. The Dearborn observatory discoveries weren't published until 1887. Lewis Swift discovered the galaxy again on 25 Nov 1889 and reported it as new in his 9th list (#4) with description "eeeF; pL R." His RA was 12 seconds too large. Dreyer credited both observers in the IC and used Swift's position, though Safford's was more accurate.

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IC 164 = MCG -01-05-037 = PGC 6666

01 49 08.4 -03 54 16; Cet

V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; moderately bright, moderately large, round, sharply concentrated a very bright small core and a diffuse halo which fades out without a perceptible edge. The galaxy is nearly collinear with a mag 10 star 3.5' SSW and a mag 12 star 3' NNE.

MCG -01-05-036, located 13' N, appeared fairly faint, diffuse, ~0.6' diameter, no significant core. A mag 13.9 star is at the southeast edge of the halo, with the galaxy spreading northwest of the star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 164 = Sw. 9-5 on 23 Oct 1889 and recorded "pF; S; R; bet. 2 stars, ? cluster of eeF st[ars]." His position is 3.8' ESE of PGC 6666. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1897-98 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.

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IC 165 = NGC 684 = UGC 1292 = MCG +04-05-017 = CGCG 482-022 = KTG 8C = PGC 6759

01 50 14.0 +27 38 48; Tri

V = 12.4; Size 3.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 90°

See observing notes for NGC 684.

Edward Swift, Lewis' son, found IC 165 = Sw. 9-6 on 18 Jan 1890 while "searching for Swift's Comet." It was reported in the 9th discovery list as "eF; S; lE; vF * close f." The position is 1' S of NGC 684. In Astronomische Nachrichten #3429, Isaac Roberts noted the equivalence of IC 165 and NGC 684 and Dreyer mentioned the identity in the IC 2 notes.

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IC 166 = Tombaugh 3 = OCL-334 = Lund 60

01 52 22 +61 51 18; Cas

V = 11.7; Size 5'

18" (12/22/11): easily picked up at 175x though at this power appeared as a faint, fairly small, roundish glow. At 285x ~10-12 mag 14-15.5 stars were resolved with a couple at the edge of visibility over a mottled background. Roughly 3.5' diameter. A brighter mag 12.5 star is at the west edge.

17.5" (8/5/97): position identified at 100x using a GSC chart, although only a couple of stars are plotted. Appears as a very faint circular glow with a couple of faint stars superimposed. Located 7' E of a wide pair of mag 9/11 stars [at 38" separation]. Does not resemble a cluster in appearance and would have otherwise thought this was a Milky Way patch. At 220x, the glow is ~4' in diameter and there are a sprinkling of ~10 very faint stars, mostly mag 14.5-15.5 with one mag 13 star. The glow has an irregular surface brightness with a mottled appearance and the periphery is not well defined.

William Denning discovered IC 166 around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. The IC position corresponds with the faint open cluster Tombaugh 3.

Clyde Tombaugh independently found IC 166 in Jan/Feb of 1941 while surveying the circumpolar region from Lowell Observatory with the 13-inch Lowell telescope. He tentatively identified "Tombaugh 3" as an open cluster, though thought is might be a loose globular or "even a midget galaxy just beyond the border of our Milky Way System".

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IC 167 = Arp 31 = UGC 1313 = MCG +04-05-021 = CGCG 482-025 = Holm 123 = LGG 034-008 = PGC 6833

01 51 08.6 +21 54 46; Ari

V = 13.1; Size 2.9'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 95°

18" (11/22/03): very faint, elongated 4:3, 0.8'x0.6', low surface brightness. Located 5.5' SSE of NGC 694 in a NGC 697 group (also called the NGC 691 group) and 3.9' S of a mag 10.5 star.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 167 = Big. 133 on 4 Jan 1889. He noted a mag 10.5 star was at 4' separation in PA 358° (N).

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IC 168 = MCG -02-05-058 = PGC 6763

01 50 27.6 -08 31 23; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 104°

24" (11/7/18): at 375x; moderately bright, small, high surface brightness! Elongated 2:1 E-W, 30"x15", very small bright nucleus. A mag 11.5 star is less than 4' E. Located 15' WSW of NGC 707.

LEDA 1002631, located 3.5' E, appeared extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Situated 40" S of a mag 11.5 star.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham Burnham discovered IC 168 = J. 2-539 on 7 Oct 1891 while observing and measuring NGC 707. His position (published in 1892) is accurate. Javelle found this galaxy again on 17 Dec 1892, also while measuring NGC 707. Jermain Porter also found it independently in 1908 with the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory and reported it as a nova. A micrometric position was published in a long table of mostly NGC positions.

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IC 169 = LEDA 949241

01 50 39.4 -12 40 47; Cet

Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 70°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 5:4, 25"x20", pretty diffuse with a weak concentration to the center. Situated 8' E of mag 8.3 HD 11227 and 14' NNE of mag 6.9 HD 11247.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 169 = J. 1-72 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate, although HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 949241 as IC 169.

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IC 170 = MCG -02-05-066 = PGC 6890

01 51 57.5 -08 31 03; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 92°

24" (11/7/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, compact, 24", occasional stellar nucleus. Located 7.6' ESE of NGC 707 in a scattered group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 170 = J. 540 on 17 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 171 = UGC 1388 = MCG +06-05-050 = CGCG 522-064 = PGC 7139

01 55 10.3 +35 16 52; Tri

V = 12.2; Size 2.5'x2.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 105°

17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.0'x0.8', weak central concentration, stellar nucleus. A mag 10 star is off the NE edge 45" from center. Almost collinear with a double star mag 12/13 at 18" located 2.5' W.

Édouard Stephan discovered discovered IC 171 = Sw. 8-1 on 24 Nov 1875 after viewing NGC 710. His position was less than 1' from center, so the identification is certain although he never measured a precise position or announced the discovery. Lewis Swift discovered it again on 6 Sep 1888, though his RA was 10 seconds too large (8th discovery list, #1). His description reads, "pB; pS; cE; * nr nf." Swift was credited with the discovery in the NGC.

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IC 172 = Ark 63 = MCG +00-05-049 = CGCG 386-056 = PGC 7116

01 54 54.2 +00 48 40; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 85°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; fairly faint, irregular round, 25" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. Situated directly between a mag 9.5 star (SAO 110222) 1.9' SSW and a mag 13.2 star 2.2' NNE. Also a mag 11.9 star 4.6' NNE is nearly on the same line.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 172 = J. 2-541 on 12 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 173 = UGC 1402 = MCG +00-06-001 = PGC 7217

01 55 57.1 +01 17 07; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint (noticeably easier than last month), round, 35"-40" diameter, diffuse, broad and weak concentration. At the southwestern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 3.6' NNE and a mag 12 star a similar distance E. Fainter IC 175 is 6' NE.

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, low surface brightness, roundish, ~30" diameter, nearly uniform brightness. A mag 11 star is 3.6' NNE and a mag 12 star is 3.7' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 173 = J. 2-542 on 26 Dec 1893. He described it as "faint, round, about 40" in diameter, mottled appearance, faint central condensaation."

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IC 174 = UGC 1409 = MCG +01-06-008 = CGCG 413-004 = PGC 7249

01 56 16.1 +03 45 43; Psc

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 96°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, moderate surface brightness, slightly elongated, ~35"x25". A mag 15.5 star is just off the NE edge. Brightest in a trio (USGC U086) with IC 1750 19' N and IC 1754 18' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 174 = J. 1-73 on 5 Nov 1891. His position is within 1' of UGC 1409.

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IC 175 = CGCG 387-003 = PGC 7261

01 56 18.9 +01 19 57; Cet

V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 9°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. I could nearly hold it steadily with averted in my sweet spot. Faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14.3 star is 2' W. Located 6' NE of brighter IC 173 (similar redshift) and 4.4' ESE of a mag 11 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 175 = J. 2-543 on 26 Dec 1892

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IC 176 = UGC 1426 = MCG +00-06-004 = CGCG 387-005 = KUG 0154-022 = FGC 216 = RFGC 416 = PGC 7306

01 56 53.4 -02 01 09; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 1.8'x0.35'; PA = 94°

24" (12/28/16): at 375x; very faint to faint, very thin edge-on 6:1 or E-W, 60"x10", very slightly brighter core but no central bulge. Once picked up I could just hold it continuously with careful averted. Located 17' WNW of mag 6.6 58 Ceti.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 176 = J. 1-74 on 3 Dec 1891 and noted "pretty bright, small". His position is accurate.

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IC 177 = CGCG 387-007 = PGC 7326

01 57 00.6 -00 05 23; Cet

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"-25" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 2' N. Situated 9' N of mag 8.7 HD 11898.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 177 = J. 1-75 on 7 Nov 1891. His position is 4' SSE of CGCG 387-007, an unusually large error, caused by an error in the position of his offset star. The MCG misidentified MCG +00-06-003 = PGC 7299 as IC 177.

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IC 178 = UGC 1456 = MCG +06-05-070 = CGCG 522-094 = LGG 037-014 = PGC 7488

01 58 54.8 +36 40 30; And

V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°

17.5" (9/1/02): this member of the AGC 262 cluster appeared faint, small, round, 0.5' diameter, weak concentration. Located 4.6' NNE of mag 7.3 HD 12007. A wide pair of mag 11.5/13 stars is 1.5' SE.

17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, round, brighter core. Located 4.7' NNE of mag 7.2 SAO 55161. Member of AGC 262 with CGCG 522-098 10' NNE.

17.5" (11/14/87): fairly faint, small, round, slightly brighter core. A wide pair (35" separation) of mag 12 and 13 stars is 1.5' SE of center.

Truman Safford discovered IC 178 = Sf. 67 on 8 Nov 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published until 1887 so Safford is not credited in the NGC. His position is 4' south of CGCG 501-066 = PGC 3666.

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IC 179 = UGC 1475 = MCG +06-05-075 = CGCG 522-101 = PGC 7581

02 00 11.5 +38 01 17; And

V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 110°

24" (11/24/14): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, high surface brightness (central region), 25" diameter, weak concentration to the center, possible very low surface brightness halo.

UGC 1493 lies 14' NE and appears fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 E-W, 0.8'x0.3', fades at tips. Seems to have a sharper light cut off on the north side. A string of four mag 13-14.5 stars is close NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 179 = Sw. 10-13 on 28 Jun 1890 with the 16-inch refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "pB, S, lE, 9m * near nf." His position is 8 second of time too far west. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position around 1900 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).

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IC 180 = MCG +04-05-029 = CGCG 482-040 = PGC 7558

02 00 00.4 +23 36 16; Ari

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 150°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", occasional stellar nucleus. Close companion of NGC 776, located 2.7' to its SSE.

17.5" (12/7/90): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE. In a trio with NGC 776 3' NNW and IC 181 3.0' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 180 = J. 2-544, along with IC 181, while observing the field of NGC 776 on 15 Dec 1892.

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IC 181 = MCG +04-05-030 = CGCG 482-040 = PGC 7559

02 00 02.3 +23 39 31; Ari

V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 55°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Close companion of NGC 776 2.0' SW.

17.5" (12/7/90): extremely faint and small, round. Faintest of a close trio with NGC 776 2' SW and IC 180 3.0' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 181 = J. 2-545, along with IC 180, while observing the field of NGC 776 on 15 Dec 1892. CGCG and the UGC notes to NGC 776 fail to identify this galaxy as IC 181.

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IC 182 = UGC 1473 = MCG +01-06-026 = CGCG 413-022 = PGC 7556

01 59 51.8 +07 24 42; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 36°

24" (11/30/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~35"x25", low nearly even surface brightness. Surrounded by 3 mag 11-12 stars, all 3'-4' away.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 182 = J. 2-546 on 5 Dec 1893. His postion is 1' too far S.

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IC 183 = MCG -01-06-015 = LGG 044-004 = PGC 7538

01 59 34.0 -05 20 50; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 97°

24" (11/30/21): at 260x; relatively bright, very elongated at least 3:1 SW-NE, brighter along the major axis, 0.9'x0.3'. A mag 10.2 star is 3.8' E. A group of stars is directly S and SE including a mag 9.7 star 7' SE. NGC 790 is 27' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 183 = J. 2-547 on 7 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 184 = MCG -01-06-021 = PGC 7554

01 59 51.2 -06 50 25; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 177°

48" (10/24/14): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.25'. Contains a bright core and a very bright nucleus.

IC 184 is a Seyfert 2 galaxy and the brightest in a small group that includes the three brightest members of HCG 14, located ~13' S.

17.5" (12/22/97): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, broad concentration. Located 2.7' NNW of a mag 10-11 star. This galaxy was picked up while searching for HCG 14 which is located 14' due south and is brighter than the two primary galaxies in HCG 14. NGC 788 lies 19' E (also stumbled across in the area).

Ormond Stone discovered IC 184 = LM(S) 55 on 15 Oct 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. The discovery was listed as #55 in the 1893 catalogue of Southern Nebulae. Stone noted mag 15.0 and 0.2' diameter. His micrometric position was accurate.

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IC 185 = MCG +00-06-019 = PGC 7576

02 00 06.0 -01 31 42; Cet

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 82°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated E-W, 25"x15", even surface brightness. Collinear with a mag 12.9 star 1.4' SE and a mag 10.4 star 3.2' SE. Double star BAL 9 = 9.8/10.3 at 6" separation is 7' SSE. IC 186 (resolved double system) is 5' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 185 = J. 2-548, along with nearby IC 186, on 14 Dec 1892. He called it "extremely faint, very small, poor definition."

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IC 186 = MCG +00-06-020 = MCG +00-06-021 = CGCG 387-023 = PGC 7599 = PGC 7600

02 00 24.5 -01 33 06; Cet

Size 0.7'x0.5'

24" (11/15/22): IC 186 is a triple system, with the brightest two resolved by Stephane Javelle, though only assigned a single IC designation.

At 327x; I immediately split the main pair at 22" separation oriented WSW-ENE. The brighter western galaxy was easily seen, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15". The eastern galaxy was faint, round, 15" diameter. The halos seemed nearly in contact. A mag 10.4 star is 2' WSW. IC 185 lies 4.7' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 186 = J. 2-549, along with IC 185, on 14 Dec 1892. He reported it as "faint, double, appears like two faint stars, 15" apart, surrounded by nebulosity. Nebulous character certain. Measured at the middle of the pair." His pair is actually a triple as the eastern galaxy is double (apparently in a common halo), and a fourth galaxy is just south of the triple.

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IC 187 = UGC 1507 = MCG +04-05-037 = CGCG 482-048 = LGG 041-009 = PGC 7683

02 01 30.7 +26 28 51; Tri

V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 70°

24" (12/22/14): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.25'. Contains a small, brighter rounder core with fairly low surface brightness extensions that increased in size with averted. Brighter member of an double system with LEDA 2800932 at the east-northeast edge. The companion was faint, small and barely detached. An evenly matched 10" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars lies 6' SSW. NED does not include redshift data on the companion, so this may be either be a merging or overlapping pair.

18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.3'. Broad concentration with a brighter and rounder 15" core. Forms a double system with LEDA 2800932. The fainter companion was at or just off the east end and appeared as very faint, small, roundish glow that was sometimes detached, depending on if the halo (arms) of IC 187 was visible or not.

Edward Swift discovered IC 187 = Sw. 9-7, along with IC 188, on 18 Jan 1890 while searching for "Swift's Comet". The RA is 21 seconds of time too large, but matches in declination. The UGC, MCG and UGC failed to identify their catalog entries as IC 187.

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IC 188 = UGC 1510 = MCG +04-05-038 = CGCG 482-049 = LGG 041-010 = PGC 7706

02 01 46.5 +26 32 49; Tri

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 45°

24" (12/22/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 24"x12", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5' NE of the double system IC 187.

18" (12/22/11): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 20"x15", weak concentration to center but no nucleus. Located 5' NE of IC 187. The identification of IC 188 with this galaxy (suggested by Corwin) is uncertain.

Edward Swift discovered IC 188 = Sw. 9-8, along with IC 187, on 18 Jan 1890, while searching for "Swift's Comet". Described as "eeef, vS; R; 2 stars point to it." There is nothing at his position, but 10 sec of RA west and 30' south is UGC 1510, and there is a pair of 12th magnitude stars to the north-northwest that could fit Swift's description.

But due to the large error in declination Malcolm Thomson rejects UGC 1510 as IC 188. He argues that no similar error occurred with nearby IC 187, and if he discovered UGC 1510, the description would have mentioned "sp of 2" and "nf of 2." for the pair. Courtney Seligman agrees with Thomson that the evidence is too slim to accept UGC 1510 as IC 188 and he lists the number as probably nonexistent. No modern catalogue identifies UGC 1510 as IC 188. See Harold Corwin's IC identification notes as well as Courtney Seligman's summary.

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IC 189 = MCG +04-05-039 = CGCG 482-051 = PGC 7716

02 01 52.9 +23 33 05; Ari

V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. A small group of 4 stars mag 13.5-14 forming a "Y" asterism is close west. Pair with IC 190 3.3' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 189 = J. 2-550, along with IC 190, on 15 Dec 1892. His position matches CGCG 482-051 (both positions are offset about 30" ESE). The MCG failed to label +04-05-039 as IC 189.

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IC 190 = MCG +04-05-040 = CGCG 482-052 = PGC 7731

02 02 07.3 +23 32 59; Ari

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 95°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 25"x20", contains a very small brighter core. Forms a pair with slightly fainter IC 189 3.3' W. UGC 1524, situated 8' NE, appeared faint, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 N-S, 20"x15", low surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 190 = J. 2-551, along with IC 190, on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 191 = NGC 794 = UGC 1528 = MCG +03-06-024 = CGCG 461-031 = PGC 7763

02 02 29.3 +18 22 23; Ari

V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°

See observing notes for NGC 794.

Lewis Swift found IC 191 = Sw. 9-9 on 20 Oct 1889 and reported "pB; pL; lE." His position is at the west edge of NGC 794. Dreyer perhaps assumed it was new due to Swift's description, which differed significantly from WH's "eF, vS, stellar,240 showed it very plainly." Dreyer added the parenthetical comment "probably = [NGC 794]" in the IC description and certainly NGC 794 = IC 191.

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IC 192 = UGC 1530 = MCG +03-06-025 = PGC 7768

02 02 32.4 +16 00 51; Ari

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 148°

24" (11/30/21): at 322x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, 35" diameter, gradually increases to a nearly stellar peak.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 192 on 14 Feb 1890 with the 27" refractor at the Vienna Observatory. It was found while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). His micrometric position is an exact match with UGC 1530.

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IC 193 = UGC 1529 = MCG +02-06-016 = CGCG 438-017 = PGC 7765

02 02 31.0 +11 05 35; Ari

V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x1.2'; PA = 158°

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 55"x45", broad weak concentration, no distinct core. Located 8' NW of mag 6.5 HD 12512.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 193 = Sw. 7-3 on 8 Oct 1887 and recorded "eF; pS; lE or irr R; B* sf; pF * nr f." His position is ~3' too far ESE, but this is the only nearby galaxy and it clearly matches his description.

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IC 194 = UGC 1542 = MCG +00-06-026 = CGCG 387-030 = PGC 7812

02 03 05.2 +02 36 51; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 13°

24" (11/30/21): at 260x; fairly faint, thin edge-on 6:1 or even 8:1 ~N-S, ~60"x10", slightly brighter core, the outer ends taper slightly. Located 9' S of mag 8.1 HD 12537 and 18' SE of mag 4.1 Alpha Psc. IC 197 lies 18' NE.

24" (12/28/16): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, thin edge-on 5:1 N-S, ~0.9'x0.2', very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.6 star is 3.8' E. Located 18' SE of mag 4.1 Alpha Psc (Alrescha).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 194 = J. 2-552 on 6 Jan 1894. He noted "very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no concentration. Difficult because of a vicinity of the comparison star."

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IC 195 = Arp 290 NED1 = VV 309b = UGC 1555 = MCG +02-06-017 = CGCG 438-019 = PGC 7846

02 03 44.6 +14 42 33; Ari

V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 126°

48" (10/29/16): at 488x and 610x; fairly bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with a bright, elongated 2:1 core NNW-SSE and highlighted by a stellar nucleus. The halo or spiral arms are very low surface brightness and extend 5:2 NW-SE, ~1.0'x0.4'. A distracting 15" pair of mag 10.4/12.7 stars is 2.3' W. Forms an interacting pair (Arp 290) with IC 196 2.2' NE.

17.5" (11/17/01): faint, small, bright core, faint extensions NW-SE, 0.4'x0.2'. A mag 12 star lies 1.4' S. Forms a close pair (Arp 290) with brighter IC 196 2.2' NE. Preceding by just 2.2' is a nice mag 10.5/12.5 pair at 15" with two additional mag 12 stars to the SSW of the closer pair.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 195 = Sw. 9-10, along with IC 196, on 20 Oct 1889 and recorded "eeF; S; R; F * nr south; sp of 2 [with IC 196]." His position and description is a good match with UGC 1555.

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IC 196 = Arp 290 NED2 = VV 309a = UGC 1556 = MCG +02-06-018 = CGCG 438-020 = PGC 7856

02 03 49.8 +14 44 21; Ari

V = 12.9; Size 2.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 5°

48" (10/29/16): at 488x and 610x; bright, large, very elongated but irregular 5:1 ~N-S, ~2.0'x0.4', well concentrated with a small, round bright core. A fairly thin long arm or tail extends due south from the core and then curls southwest towards IC 195. It appears to spread out and dim on the southwest end [0.9' from center]. A shorter arm extends north from the core ~30" and dims abruptly. But a very low surface brightness, elongated N-S patch is detached on the northern end (part of an outer tidal tail or loop) ~1' from the center. A companion (LEDA 212903) is just northeast of this patch, 1.3' NNE of center. It appeared faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 15"x9".

17.5" (11/17/01): fairly faint, fairly small, nearly edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.3'. Contains a rounder, bright core and stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with IC 195 2.2' SW. This galaxy is actually an interacting quartet, although only the main galaxy was observed along with IC 195.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 196 = Sw. 9-11, along with IC 195, on 20 Oct 1889 and recorded "pF; pS; R; trap with 3 st; nf of 2 [with IC 195]." His position and description is a good match with UGC 1556, though Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1898.

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IC 197 = UGC 1529 = MCG +02-06-016 = CGCG 387-031 = PGC 7875

02 04 04.9 +02 47 12; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 54°

24" (11/30/21): at 260x and 325x; moderately bright, oval ~5:3 SW-NE, ~45" in length, small brighter core/nucleus. The halo has a slightly irregular surface brightness (spiral). IC 194 lies 18' SW. Located 30' E of 4th mag Alpha Psc (Alrescha).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 197 = J. 2-553 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pretty bright, slightly elongated in PA 225° [SW-NE], gradually condensed.". His position was 1' too far north and the description applies. Just 19 days later, Rich Tucker at Lick Observatory made an independent discovery while charting faint stars with the 36-inch refractor. He noted it appeared "somewhat elongated, with but little condensation." His somewhat rough position was 3' too far southeast. Tucker announced it as a new nebula in PASP, 6, 66 (1894).

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IC 198 = UGC 1592 = MCG +01-06-040 = CGCG 413-040 = PGC 8011

02 06 03.1 +09 17 44; Psc

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 53°

24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 30"x22", very weak concentration. First of 3 IC galaxies (HDCE 117) with IC 199 5.8' SE and IC 202 22.5' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 198 = J. 2-554, along with IC 199, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "pretty bright, small, round, 30" diameter, brighter center."

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IC 199 = IC 1778 = UGC 1594 = MCG +01-06-041 = CGCG 413-041 = PGC 8026

02 06 19.4 +09 13 39; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 24°

24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x27", slightly brighter core. Second in trio (HDCE 117) with IC 198 5.8' NW and IC 202 17.5' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 199 = J. 2-555, along with IC 198, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "faint, small, round, bright core." He recorded the same galaxy a second time on 29 Jan 1897 as J. 3-192 with the desciption "faint, round, 30", gradually brighter middle, similar to a 14th mag star." He actually made a comment that it was found while measuring IC 198, though apparently he didn't realize he had already placed it in his second discovery list along with IC 198. So, IC 199 = IC 1778.

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IC 200 = UGC 1577 = MCG +05-06-002 = CGCG 503-085 = CGCG 504-007 = LGG 042-008 = PGC 7967

02 05 26.8 +31 10 30; Tri

V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 85°

18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, moderately large, irregularly round, 0.8' diameter, broad concentration with a small brighter core. Forms the northeast vertex of a right triangle with mag 8.8 SAO 55246 7' W and mag 8.7 SAO 55245 10' SW. Several additional 11th and 12th magnitude stars are scattered around SAO 55246. Member of the NGC 777 Group (LGG 042). CGCG 504-012 (often identified as IC 200) lies 18' E. It was logged as faint, small, round, 18" diameter, low even surface brightness.

17.5" (11/26/94): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, about 1.5' diameter. Low but uneven surface brightness, weak concentration with one or two brighter spots near the center. A mag 14.5 star is just off the west edge 1.1' from the center. Located 27' NE of NGC 804.

Truman Safford discovered IC 200 = Sf. 71 = UGC 1577 on 4 Dec 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He noted it as "pB, pL, R, bM." There is nothing at his position but two minutes west is UGC 1577, which fits his description. CGCG and PGC identify CGCG 504-012 = PGC 8064 as IC 200. This galaxy is closer Safford's position -- off by 34 seconds of RA, but is less likely to be Safford's object. Harold Corwin notes "[CGCG 504-012] is probably too faint to have been seen by Safford, and the description does not match in any case." Édouard Stephan also found IC 200 on 3 Nov 1877 but he didn't publish the discovery (or mark it as new in his notebook), so perhaps he was aware of Safford's discovery. Stephan's rough position was less than 3' due east.

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IC 202 = UGC 1610 = MCG +01-06-043 = PGC 8101

02 07 28.7 +09 10 06; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 1.4'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 132°

24" (12/28/16): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is just beyond the southeast end, 0.9' from center. A mag 10.4 star is 4' SSE and two mag 10.5 stars are a similar distance NNE. IC 202 is the third in a trio (HDCE 117) with IC 199 17.5' WNW and IC 198 22.5' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 202 = J. 2-557, along with IC 201 and IC 203, on 5 Dec 1893 and recorded "very faint, very small, diffuse, without condensation."

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IC 204 = CGCG 387-039 = PGC 8100

02 07 27.1 -01 25 48; Cet

V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.35'; PA = 154°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~18"x12", irregular surface brightness. A distinctive rough parallelogram of mag 12-13 stars (sides 2.5' to 3.5' in length) is close NE.

Truman Safford discovered IC 204 = Sf. 98 on 22 Oct 1867. His position is 2.4' NNW of CGCG 387-039, but there are no other nearby galaxies and his positions are often rough. So, this identification is nearly certain.

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IC 205 = UGC 1613 = MCG +00-06-034 = CGCG 387-038 = PGC 8098

02 07 27.4 -02 05 29; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregular round, 30" diameter, soft glow like a face-on spiral, slightly uneven surface brightness but no core. A mag 11.6 star is 2.6' ENE and a close double star (RST 4193 = 10.2/10.7 at 3") is 4' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 205 = J. 1-76 on 3 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 206 = MCG -01-06-053 = Holm 57a = PGC 8238

02 09 30.7 -06 58 06; Tri

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 138°

18" (11/22/03): second of trio with IC 209 10' SW and IC 207 3.6' NE. Appears very similar to IC 207: very faint, small, round, 25" diameter (elongated 5:2 on DSS image so probably viewed core only), weak concentration. The IC positions are incorrect due to a mix-up by Javelle with his offset star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 206 = J. 1-77, along with IC 207, on 26 Jan 1892. There is nothing at his position, but both Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star. Applying his offsets to the correct star (SAO 129729) matches this identification. Listed in the MCG as -01-06-053, though without the IC designation.

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IC 207 = MCG -01-06-054 = Holm 57b = PGC 8251

02 09 39.3 -06 55 20; Tri

V = 13.9; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 99°

18" (11/22/03): third of 3 with IC 206 3.6' SW and IC 209 13' SW. IC 206 and IC 207 for an equilateral triangle with a mag 11.4 star 3.4' WNW. Although this galaxy is quite elongated I must have just recorded the brighter core as appeared very faint, small, round, 25", weak concentration.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 207 = J. 1-78, along with IC 206, on 26 Jan 1892. There is nothing at his position, but both Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star. Applying his offsets to the correct star (SAO 129729) lands on this galaxy. Listed in the MCG as -01-06-054, though without the IC designation.

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IC 208 = UGC 1635 = MCG +01-06-044 = CGCG 413-045 = LGG 047-002 = PGC 8167

02 08 27.7 +06 23 42; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.2

24" (1/25/14): fairly faint, fairly large, round, 1.5' diameter, very low though irregular surface brightness, no core or nucleus. Located 4.5' NNW of NGC 825.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 208 = Big. 134 on 3 Dec 1888 and recorded "mag 13.4-13.5; very diffuse; 1.0'-1.5' dia; no nucleus." His position is 1.5' too far south but the description is accurate.

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IC 209 = MCG -01-06-051 = Holm 56a = PGC 8200

02 08 58.7 -07 03 32; Tri

V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 60°

18" (11/22/03): brightest in trio with IC 206 10' NE and IC 207 13' NE. Appears moderately bright, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.2'x1.0', weak concentration, irregular surface brightness. Surprisingly easy for an IC galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 209 = J. 1-79 on 28 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 210 = MCG -02-06-032 = PGC 8232

02 09 28.3 -09 40 49; Cet

V = 13.1; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 66°

18" (10/21/06): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, 1.8'x0.3', very low even surface brightness. Located 3.4' SW of a mag 9.3 star (SAO 129724). MCG -02-06-035 lies 11' E. Located 27' due north of NGC 835 (HCG 16).

Aaron Skinner, an assistant to Truman Safford, discovered IC 210 = Sf. 101 on 23 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. As the discovery list wasn't published until 1887 (too late for inclusion in the main NGC table), Dreyer credited Safford with the discovery in the IC 1. The discovery position is just off the north edge of the galaxy, so the identification is certain.

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IC 211 = UGC 1678 = MCG +01-06-053 = CGCG 413-057 = PGC 8360

02 11 08.0 +03 51 09; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 2.3'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 50°

24" (1/25/14): faint, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, low surface brightness and difficult to estimate diameter, increases in size with averted but at least 1.0'x0.8', slightly brighter core. Located 4.5' NNW of NGC 851.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 211 = J. II-559 on 5 Dec 1893 and recorded "F, R, 40" dia, vS core." His position is accurate.

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IC 212 = CGCG 461-062 = PGC 8527

02 13 38.2 +16 35 38; Ari

V = 15.1; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 84°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; faint, small, round, 0.3' diameter, even surface brightness. A mag 15/15.5 pair at ~10" separation is 40" SE. IC 212 is the fainter of a pair with IC 213 10' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 212 = J. 2-560, along with IC 213, on 29 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 213 = UGC 1719 = MCG +03-06-046 = CGCG 461-067 = PGC 8556

02 14 04.3 +16 27 21; Ari

V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 149°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, roundish, diffuse, halo, ~0.9' diameter, well concentrated with a small, strong core/nucleus. A mag 14.5-15 star is at the SE edge. IC 212 lies 10' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 213 = J. 2-561, along with IC 212, on 19 Dec 1893. His position matches UGC 1719.

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IC 214 = UGC 1720 = CGCG 413-064 = MCG +01-06-057 = Mrk 1027 = KUG 0211+049 = PGC 1279308 = PGC 8562

02 14 05.6 +05 10 24; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (9/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small. The main body is elongated 5:3 NW-SE, ~25"x15". With averted vision, a very low surface brightness, diffuse extension spreads to the north of the main body. With careful viewing this extension appeared attached to the east end of the main body. Located 13' NE of mag 6.5 HD 13683. IC 214 is apparently the disrupted collision or merger of two galaxies with the "main body" catalogued as IC 214 NED1 and the extension to the north is IC 214 NED2 = LEDA 1279289.

Forms a pair with LEDA 212941 2.5' WSW. The companion (B = 16.5, 0.6'x0.25') appeared extremely faint, very small, ~15"x10", low surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 214 = J. 2-562 on 29 Dec 1893. He reported "Pretty bright , diffuse, little extended , gradually condensed; seems mottled". His position is accurate.

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IC 215 = MCG -01-06-076 = PGC 8566

02 14 09.5 -06 48 22; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 78°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 45"x15", nearly even surface brightness. Located 1.6' N of a mag 9.7 star. A mag 14 star is 2.7' E, with the galaxy making a right angle with the two stars.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 215 = J. 1-80 on 28 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 216 = CGCG 387-061 = PGC 8650

02 15 55.5 -02 00 54; Cet

V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 25°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15"-20", very low even surface brightness. Only occasionally pops, though viewed well west of the meridian. A thin triangle of mag 13.5-14.5 stars is a couple of arcminutes to the west.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 216 = J. 1-81 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. CGCG didn't recognize its 387-061 as IC 216, and this was carried over to the PGC and HyperLeda. SIMBAD and NED have the correct identification, although the SIMBAD position is poor.

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IC 217 = IC 1787 = MCG -02-06-046 = 2MFGC 1761 = PGC 8673

02 16 10.4 -11 55 36; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°

24" (12/28/16): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, ~1.4'x0.25'. Fairly low surface brightness but surface seems distinctly irregular or mottled at 375x with some slightly brighter sections [PANSTARRS image shows the galaxy is crossed by multiple dust lanes]. A star is very close to the south end, which somewhat confuses the view (galaxy seems bent).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 217 = J. 2-563 on 7 Dec 1893. He described it as "faint, a little elongated nearly in the meridian (N-S), spindle 1' x 20", without condensation."

Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 12 Oct 1896 and assumed it was new. He described Sw. 11-37 (later IC 1787) as "eeF; eeE; a ray bet 2 st p[receding] and f[ollowing]; 8m star near [north-following]." His position is 1.5' too far south, but a perfect match in description. Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence, but IC 1787 = IC 217.

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IC 218 = MCG +00-06-061 = CGCG 387-066 = PGC 8716

02 17 07.2 +01 16 56; Cet

V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 75°

24" (1/25/14): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 25"x8", low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is close off the ENE edge [35" ENE of center]. Located 2.4' NNE of NGC 875.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 218 = J. 2-564 on 26 Dec 1893 and recorded "vF, poorly defined, slightly elongated, close to a *13.5." His position and description is accurate.

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IC 219 = MCG -01-06-088 = PGC 8813

02 18 38.8 -06 54 12; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 18°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, 30" diameter, high surface brightness, very small bright core increases to the center. Situated 9' SW of NGC 883 and 8' WSW of a wide double star (HJ 327 = 9.2/12.2 at 25").

Frank Muller discovered IC 219 = LM(S) 67 = J. 1-67 on 17 Nov 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. It was published in 1893 ("Southern Observations", Nova #67) and his micrometric position matches PGC 8813. Stephane Javelle found it again on 26 Jan 1892 at the Nice Observatory and included it in his first catalog of nebulae.

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IC 220 = MCG -02-06-057 = PGC 8847

02 19 11.7 -12 46 54; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 36°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~35" in length, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. Situated 7' WSW of mag 8.9 HD 14448. Three collinear mag 12-13 stars in a 3' string start 4' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 220 = J. 1-83 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 221 = UGC 1835 = MCG +05-06-034 = PGC 9035

02 22 40.9 +28 15 25; Tri

V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 16°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, 1' diameter, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 with averted vision ~N-S, diffuse (spiral) appearance, the halo has a subtle irregular surface brightness. Located 11' NW of mag 8.4 HD 14737. Several stars near including a mag 15 star off the SW side.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 221 = Spitaler 1 on 24 Dec 1891. His micrometric position is on the northwest side of the galaxy.

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IC 222 = CGCG 439-003 = MCG +02-07-004 = PGC 9036

02 22 47.9 +11 38 18; Ari

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 24°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairy faint, round, only a broad weak concentration, no core or nucleus, 30" diameter. A mag 8.9 star star (HD 14726) is 3.9' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 222 = J. 2-565 on 11 Jan 1894. His position matches CGCG 439-003.

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IC 223 = ESO 545-008 = MCG -04-06-031 = KTS 16B = LGG 056-004 = PGC 8998

02 22 01.1 -20 44 45; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 152°

24" (10/3/13): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, broad concentration, 30"x20". Forms the vertex of a triangle with a mag 11.5 star 1.8' N and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' ENE. Second in a trio (KTS 16) with brighter NGC 899 5' SSW and NGC 907 14' ENE.

17.5" (12/4/93): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, broad concentration. Forms an isosceles triangle with a mag 11.5 star 1.8' N and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' ENE. Forms a pair with NGC 899 5' SSW. NGC 907 lies 14' ENE.

Frank Muller discovered IC 223 = LM(S) 71 = Big. 135 on 19 Nov 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick observatory. It was recorded as #71 in the 1893 catalogue of "Southern Nebulae" with the description "irregularly round, suddenly brighter in the middle, stell nucleus?" Bigourdan independently discovered this galaxy on 1 Dec 1888. The IC position is accurate.

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IC 224 = MCG -02-07-005 = PGC 9148

02 24 45.1 -12 33 52; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 131°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. Located 24' SW of mag 4.9 Rho (72) Ceti.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 224 = J. 1-84 on 13 Oct 1891. His position matches PGC 9148.

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IC 225 = UGC 1907 = MCG +00-07-013 = CGCG 388-016 = Mrk 1038 = PGC 9283

02 26 28.3 +01 09 38; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, no core but a very small brighter nucleus.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 225 = J. 2-566 on 29 Dec 1893. Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 867 (discovered by William Herschel) may be equal to IC 225. See his notes for NGC 867.

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IC 226 = UGC 1922 = MCG +05-06-046 = PGC 9373

02 27 45.9 +28 12 32; Tri

V = 14.2; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 15.0

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, very sharply concentrated with a small, round bright core embedded in a very low surface halo perhaps 0.6' diameter (no distinct edge). Two mag 14/15 stars (15" separation) are just off the northwest side. A mag 9.6 star is 1.8' NNW and mag 8.6 HD 15271 is 6.2' WNW. The two stars are collinear with the galaxy. IC 226 forms a 4.4' pair with IC 227 to the southeast.

Rudloph Spitaler discovered IC 226 = Spitaler 2, along with IC 227, on 31 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at the Wien Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. His description (summarized in the IC) reads "pF, S, R, bM, 2 faint st n[orth]."

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IC 227 = UGC 1932 = MCG +05-06-048 = CGCG 504-087 = PGC 9383

02 28 03.6 +28 10 31; Tri

V = 14.5; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 70°

24" (2/7/16): at 200x; slightly brighter and larger of a pair with IC 226 4.4' NW. Appears fairly faint or moderately bright (the listed mag may be too faint), fairly large, slightly elongated, ~1.0'x0.8', the diffuse halo fades out gradually so the size is difficult to estimate. Sharply concentrated with a well defined, relatively large core that gradually increases to the center. Mag 8.6 HD 15271 lies 4.6' NNE. I also picked up LEDA 213001 11.5' ESE, but missed nearby UGC 1958, an extremely low surface brightness edge-on. LEDA 213001 appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.

Rudloph Spitaler discovered IC 227 = Spitaler 3, along with IC 226, on 31 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at the Wien Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. His description (summarized in the IC) reads "F, pS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 228 = NGC 944 = MCG -03-07-016 = PGC 9300

02 26 41.6 -14 30 57; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 15°

See observing notes for NGC 944.

Stephane Javelle found IC 228 = J. 1-85 on 7 Dec 1891. His position corresponds with PGC 9300. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Leavenworth on 1 Jan 1886, but his rough position for LM 1-55 (later NGC 944) was 1.5 minutes too far east so Javelle thought it was a new object. Corwin verified that Leavenworth's discovery sketch matches PGC 9300. So, IC 228 = NGC 944.

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IC 230 = MCG -02-07-016 = PGC 9436

02 28 47.3 -10 49 53; Cet

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 87°

24" (12/22/14): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Easily seen despite a mag 15.7B. Located 5.5' due west of the double system NGC 942/943.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 230 on 8 Oct 1891 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while observing the double system NGC 942 and 943.

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IC 231 = UGC 1978 = MCG +00-07-025 = CGCG 388-026 = PGC 9514

02 29 56.4 +01 10 45; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 162°

24" (12/20/17): at 225x; fairly faint, very small, round, 18". I missed the low surface brightness halo and only picked up the much brighter core region. Situated just 1.7' NW of a relatively bright mag 10 star. In a group with IC 232 19' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 231 = J. 2-567 on 29 Dec 1893. His position is 1' NNW of UGC 1978 and the identification is certain.

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IC 232 = UGC 1994 = MCG +00-07-028 = CGCG 388-030 = WBL 074-001 = PGC 9588

02 31 11.6 +01 15 56; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 155°

24" (12/20/17): at 225x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.4'. This is the high surface brightness core region of the galaxy and it increased to a sharp stellar nucleus! I suspected a very low surface brightness halo, but found it difficult to confirm. BAL 956, a 3.1" equal pair of 12th magnitude stars, lies 3.5' ESE. Brightest in a group (WBL 074) that includes IC 231 19' WSW, UGC 1995 6' NE and UGC 2005 11.5' ESE.

UGC 1995 was fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~2:1 WSW-ENE, ~40"x20", slightly brighter along the major axis but no defined core region. A mag 10.7 star is 3.7' SE.

UGC 2005 appeared fairly faint, round, 0.6' diameter. Contains a very small bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus. A mag 13.3 star is off the east side [1.2' from center]. CGCG 388-39, just 2.3' NW, appeared fairly faint, very small, round, 18" diameter, very small bright core, stellar nucleus. MCG +00-07-034, 2.5' SW of UGC 2005, appeared faint, small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 232 = Sw. 7-4 on 15 Oct 1887 and reported "vF, S, R." His position is 1.7' due W of UGC 1994. Dreyer questioned if IC 232 was a duplicate of IC 231, but these are separate galaxies.

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IC 233 = CGCG 388-033 = WBL 075-002 = PGC 9610

02 31 40.7 +02 48 36; Cet

V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 100°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2, 0.3'x0.2'. Brighter of a pair with much fainter CGCG 388-036 0.7' SSE. Located 4' N of mag 8.8 HD 15719.

CGCG 388-036, just 40" S, appeared extremely faint and small, requires averted vision to occasionally glimpse. A mag 15 star is 20" SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 233 = J. 2-568 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pretty faint, round, 20" diameter, slight condensation. A faint star is 1' due south." His position and description matches CGCG 388-033. HyperLeda and SIMBAD misidentify a fainter galaxy 45" SSE (and closer to the star) as IC 233.

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IC 234 = CGCG 388-034 = Mrk 1045 = PGC 9613

02 31 37.7 -00 08 25; Cet

V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 158°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, diffuse glow, fairly small, 30"x20" N-S, little or no concentration. A very distinctive loop of 8 or so stars mag 9 and fainter is roughly 25' NW. Located 27' SE of mag 6.0 HD 15633. IC 236 is 20' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 234 = J. 1-86 on 9 Nov 1891. His position is within 1' of CGCG 388-034, the only nearby galaxy.

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IC 235 = UGC 2016 = CGCG 462-022 = Mrk 368 = PGC 9698

02 32 50.8 +20 38 28; Ari

V = 14.4; Size 0.65'x0.5'

24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, only a slightly central brightening. A distinctive E-W string (length 4'), consisting of two 11th mag stars and two 12th mag stars, lies 6' S.

UGC 2031, situated 23' SSE, appeared faint, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S, ~50" major axis, low surface brightness. The two galaxies have a similar redshift (distance ~400 million l.y.).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 235 = J. 2-569 on 15 Dec 1892. His position is within 30" of UGC 2016 and the identification is certain.

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IC 236 = LEDA 1151183

02 32 55.8 -00 07 52; Cet

V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 22°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between very faint and faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 14 stars 4' NNW and 4' NE. IC 234 lies 20' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 236 = J. 1-87 on 9 Nov 1891. His position is just west of LEDA 1151183, although HyperLeda doesn't identify this galaxy as IC 236.

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IC 237 = MCG +00-07-042 = CGCG 388-050 = PGC 9742

02 33 31.6 +01 08 21; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter, no core but contains a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star is 2.4' WSW. Located 14' NE of mag 7.2 HD 15821.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 237 = J. 2-570 on 29 Dec 1893 and noted "faint, small, round, 30", without condensation. Follows a mag 9.5 star.

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IC 238 = UGC 2070 = MCG +02-07-016 = CGCG 439-018 = PGC 9835

02 35 22.7 +12 50 16; Ari

V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 35°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, oval halo 2:1 SW-NE, ~0.9"x45", well concentrated with a bright, round core. A mag 13 star is 2' SE and a mag 12 star is 3' N. Located 29' NW of mag 5.7 31 Aries (HD 16234).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 238 = Sw. 7-5 on 12 Oct 1887 and noted "vF; vS; R; mbM." His position is 2' W of UGC 2070 and there are no other nearby galaxies, so the identification is certain.

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IC 239 = UGC 2080 = MCG +06-06-065 = CGCG 523-071 = LGG 070-002 = PGC 9899

02 36 27.9 +38 58 08; And

V = 11.1; Size 4.6'x4.2'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 3°

18" (11/26/03): at 115x appears as a large, round, low surface brightness glow, ~3.5' with a broad, weak concentration to a slightly brighter 30" core. With extended viewing the surface brightness is somewhat irregular with a hint of structure. IC 239 is located just north of a mag 8.6 (2.2' from center) that somewhat hinders viewing. A distinctive curved string of mag 10-11 stars close west cradles the galaxy. Member of the NGC 1023 group.

17.5" (8/6/02): at 274x appeared faint, fairly large, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~3' diameter. The galaxy exhibited only a broad, weak concentration with no defined core. The halo faded at the edge and was ill defined. Situated between mag 8.6 SAO 55698 just off the south end 2.2' from center and a mag 9.6 star 3.3' N within a distinctive asterism of 5 brighter stars. Located ~45 due west of NGC 1023.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 239 in 1893 and it was announced in MNRAS 54, 371 (1894), "Photograph of a 'New' Spiral Nebula in Perseus." He noted "the convolutions of the spiral is very faint, but clearly visible on the negative, and involved in them are four 14-15 mag stars and 6 or 7 stars, or star-like condensations, less bright than 16th mag. The convolutions are symmetrical, and proceed from a very faint star-like nucleus."

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IC 241 = UGC 2115 = MCG +00-07-058 = CGCG 388-071 = PGC 9969

02 37 54.5 +02 19 40; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 150°

18" (11/18/06): fairly faint, small, low surface brightness halo surrounding a very small brighter core. Located 8' N of a mag 9.5 star and 14' NW of NGC 1016 in a cluster.

18" (10/21/06): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, fairly faint stellar nucleus. Located 12' SE of mag 7.2 HD 16314 in the NW corner of the NGC 1016 cluster. A fainter galaxy, NGC 1009, lies 6' ESE.

17.5" (10/17/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, weak concentration. Located 6.2' W of NGC 1009 in the NGC 1016 cluster.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 241 = Big. 137 on 19 Nov 1886 and recorded "mag 13.3; round, 35"-40" diameter, stellar nucleus." His position matches UGC 2115.

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IC 243 = MCG -01-07-026 = PGC 10009

02 38 32.2 -06 54 08; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 35°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, weak concentration, 30" diameter. A mag 11.7 star is 1.4' NNW and a mag 14 star is 1.3' WNW. Located 13' S of NGC 1022.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 243 = J. 1-89, along with IC 242 (a nearby faint double), on 26 Jan 1892. PGC incorrectly equates IC 242 and IC 243. The former number appies to a doube star. Courtney Seligman suggests that NGC 1037 (discovered by Swift) might a duplicate observation of IC 243, if Swift made a 5 degree error in recording or transcribing the declination.

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IC 244 = MCG +00-07-074 = CGCG 388-088 = KUG 0236+025 = PGC 10061

02 39 24.7 +02 43 44; Cet

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 175°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; extremely faint, very small, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Initially difficult to glimpse but once identified could mostly hold with averted. A mag 10 star is 4' NNW. Member of the NGC 1016 group (USGC U137)

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 244 = J. 2-571 on 11 Jan 1894. His position is 1.2' too far SSE (perhaps an error in the position of his offset star).

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IC 245 = MCG -03-07-046 = PGC 10032

02 38 54.6 -14 18 20; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 25°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated at least 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~40"x16", fairly low even surface brightness. Situated between mag 8.0 HD 16609 7' ENE and a mag 9.5 star 5' W. A mag 6.7 star is 24' SE, along with a small triangle of mag 9.3-10.5 stars.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 245 = J. 1-90 on 2 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 246 = MCG +00-07-078 = CGCG 388-093 = PGC 10116

02 40 28.6 +02 28 43; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 48°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly in the fairly faint bin; small, round, 20"-24" diameter. Contains a very small brighter core and stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 10.8 star 5' SW and a mag 10.6 star 5' SE. A mag 15.1 star is just off the SW side. IC 244, a fainter galaxy, lies 22' NW. Member of the NGC 1016 group (USGC U137)

Lewis Swift discovered IC 246 = Sw. 7-6 on 15 Oct 1887 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; triangle with 2 st.; eee diff." Swift was probably referring to two mag 10.5 stars 5' SW and 5' SSE. His RA was 22 seconds too small, though Herbert Howe corrected the RA based on a micrometric measure at the Denver observatory (repeated in IC 2).

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IC 247 = MCG -02-07-052 = PGC 10100

02 40 08.8 -11 44 02; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 45°

24" (1/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~40"x30", fairly even surface brightness with only a weak even concentration to a slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.8 star is 1.3' WNW. Located 12' NE of mag 4.8 Epsilon Ceti!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 247 = J. 1-91 on 2 Jan 1892. His position matches PGC 10100.

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IC 248 = UGC 2170 = MCG +03-07-044 = CGCG 462-043 = PGC 10197

02 41 25.8 +17 48 44; Ari

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 145°

17.5" (1/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, gradually brighter middle, almost round, diffuse halo. Located 11' WNW of a mag 8.2 SAO 93057 in the NGC 1020 group.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 248 in Sep 1891 while unsuccessfully searching for NGC 1059 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). His position is accurate.

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IC 249 = NGC 1051 = NGC 961 = MCG -01-07-033 = UGCA 40 = PGC 10172

02 41 02.4 -06 56 09; Cet

V = 12.6; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 45°

See observing notes for NGC 1051.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 249 = J. 1-92 on 28 Jan 1892 and recorded "pB, almost round, 20" diameter, uniform appearance." He added the note "distinct from NGC 1051". His position corresponds with NGC 1051 despite his comment. This galaxy was probably first discovered by Ormond Stone in 1886, though Harold Corwin found he made a 10 minute error in RA in LM 2-338 (later NGC 961).

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IC 250 = MCG -02-07-064 = PGC 10162

02 40 54.3 -13 18 49; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 126°

24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 45" diameter, very low surface brightness with only a very weak concentration. A 1.5' pair of mag ~10.5 stars lies ~4' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 250 = J. 1-93 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 251 = MCG -03-07-054 = PGC 10184

02 41 13.8 -14 57 28; Cet

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.6 star is 50" SE. IC 252 lies 10' NE and IC 253 is 14' SE (along with NGC 1065). Mag 7.3 HD 16826 lies 10' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 251 = J. 1-94 on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 252 = LEDA 144971

02 41 45.1 -14 50 54; Cet

Size 0.45'x0.25'; PA = 26°

24" (1/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very small brighter nucleus, ~24"x20". Pretty similar to IC 251, which lies 10' SW. Member of a small group (USGC S093), which includes IC 253 and NGC 1065.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 252 = J. 1-95 on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 144971 as IC 252.

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IC 253 = MCG -03-07-058 = PGC 10226

02 42 05.7 -15 02 50; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 0.8'x0.65'

24" (1/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright with a high surface brightness, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. well concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus rising to a stellar peak. Forms a similar pair with NGC 1065 2.7' S and both of these galaxies have dim companions! LEDA 144985, 1.3' SW of IC 253, was extremely faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, very low surface brightness, 0.3' diameter.

17.5" (12/20/95): IC 253 is in a compact group (SCG 19) and forms a pair with NGC 1065 2.7' S. Fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus, 30" diameter. Interestingly, IC 253 appeared slightly larger and brighter than NGC 1065! Located 9' NE of mag 7.6 SAO 48549.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 253 = J. 1-96, along with IC 254, on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. It seems strange that Swift, who discovered NGC 1065, missed this object.

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IC 254 = LEDA 3642494

02 42 05.0 -15 06 24; Cet

Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 55°

24" (1/23/22): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, at most 15" diameter. Forms a close pair with NGC 1065 1.0' NNE. This pair is matched by IC 253/LEDA 144985 located ~3' N. Mag 7.3 HD 16826 is 8' W.

17.5" (12/20/95): appears as an extremely faint, round, barely nonstellar spot just 1.0' SSW of NGC 1065 in a small group with IC 253. It required averted vision to glimpse and appeared less than 10" in diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 254 = J. 1-97, along with IC 253, on 5 Dec 1891. Despite Javelle's good position, MCG, PGC, RNGC, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD incorrectly equate IC 254 with brighter NGC 1065. NED has the correct identification.

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IC 255 = MCG +03-08-008 = CGCG 463-012 = PGC 10540

02 47 03.2 +16 17 17; Ari

Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 45°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; extremely faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~20"x10", very low even surface brightness. A mag 12 star is 2' E. Located 5' N of NGC 1088 and 7' WSW of a mag 9.4 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 255 = J. 2-572 on 29 Dec 1893 while viewing and measuring NGC 1088. He recorded "very faint, round, 20" diameter, without concentration. It is 5 seconds of RA preceding a mag 12 star." His position is a bit off, but CGCG 463-012 matches the description.

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IC 256 = V Zw 280 = PGC 10737

02 49 40.3 +46 57 17; Per

V = 15.3; Size 0.3'x0.2'

17.5" (10/24/87): extremely faint and small, slightly elongated N-S, ~15"x10". Located 26" N of an easier mag 15 star. Requires averted and visible ~50% of the time. Situated 1.6' SW of IC 257 (2nd in V Zw 280, a trio of three compact ellipticals). Identification not certain.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 256 = Sw. 8-2, along with IC 257 and IC 260, on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; lE; S; in vacancy. 1st of 3." His position is 5 seconds of RA west and 0.3' south of IC 257. The galaxy described here is 1' due south of this offset. It's possible, though, it's too faint to have been seen by Swift, but it was detected in my scope (knowing the exact location in advance) and Swift has a few other faint discoveries in the same ballpark. But Courtney Seligman argues that IC 256 is the galaxy generally listed as IC 257 and that IC 257 is probably nonexistent. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 257 = UGC 2298 = MCG +08-06-011 = CGCG 554-008 = PGC 10729

02 49 45.5 +46 58 34; Per

V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 155°

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.5'. The slightly brighter core contains a quasi-stellar nucleus at moments. A trio of very faint galaxies lies close SW (including IC 256?). IC 260 lies 13' E.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 257 = Sw. 8-3 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; in vacancy; v diff. 2nd of 3 [with IC 256 and IC 260]." Courtney Seligman argues that this galaxy is IC 256 and that IC 257 is probably non-existent.

William Herschel made the first observation on 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645) and recorded "a few very small stars mixed with very faint seeming nebulosity, in the direction of the meridian [north-south]; most probably only a patch." Caroline didn't assign this object a general discovery number due to his uncertainty, so it wasn't catalogued, but his position is just 2' N of IC 257 and the orientation of the galaxy (PA 155°) is a reasonable match with his description. The galaxy was only 5° from the zenith as it crossed the meridian, so he was observing at a very high elevation of 85°. Steinicke confirms this early discovery (email April 2015).

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IC 258 = UGC 2306 = CGCG 539-107 = PGC 10730

02 49 46.1 +41 03 06; Per

V = 14.1; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 165°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x fairly faint to faint, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x24", small brighter nucleus. A mag 10 star is 1.9' ENE and interferes a bit with viewing. IC 258 is the brighter of a close pair with IC 259 1.0' WNW.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 258, along with IC 259, on 3 Sep 1891 while observing double stars with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The identifications of IC 258 and IC 259 are reversed in most modern sources. See notes on IC 259.

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IC 259 = CGCG 539-106 = PGC 10721

02 49 40.9 +41 03 18; Per

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 126°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus. A star (close double on the DSS) is at the northwest edge [17" from center]." Forms a close pair with IC 258 1.0' ESE.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 259, along with IC 258, on 3 Sep 1891 while observing double stars with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He measured the offsets for both objects correctly with respect to 10th magnitude BD +40°608. But he applied his RA (time) offset in the wrong direction for the western object, which he described as double. So the computed position for IC 258 is east of IC 259, placing these objects out of RA order in the sky. As a result, the identifications of IC 258 and IC 259 are reversed in UGC, CGCG, PGC, HyperLeda, WikiSky, etc. NED has the correct identifications.

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IC 260 = UGC 2325 = MCG +08-06-014 = CGCG 554-011 = PGC 10812

02 51 00.9 +46 57 17; Per

V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 175°

17.5" (10/2/99): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~30"x24", weak concentration. A pair of mag 11.5 stars is close southwest (0.7' and 1.4') and collinear with the galaxy. In a group with IC 257 located 13' W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 260 = Sw. 8-4, along with IC 256 and IC 257, on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; in line with 2 nr faint stars. 3rd of 3." His position is accurate.

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IC 261 = NGC 1120 = MCG -03-08-028 = PGC 10664

02 49 04.1 -14 28 15; Eri

V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 40°

17.5" (11/18/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. Even concentration to a bright core and nearly stellar nucleus. A faint, close double star lies 4.2' SSW and 5' NW is a small group of four mag 13 stars (includes a 30" pair).

Stephane Javelle found IC 261 = J. 1-98 on 7 Dec 1891. His position matches MCG -03-08-028 = PGC 10664. This galaxy was discovered by Leavenworth on 1 Jan 1886 and catalogued as list 1-72 (later NGC 1120), but Leavenworth's RA (to the nearest minute) is 1 minute too small (common error). Corwin confirms Leavenworth's sketch matches this galaxy, so it is certain IC 261 = NGC 1120. Some sources, such as the MCG, label this galaxy IC 261 although NGC 1120 should be the primary designation. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 262 = UGC 2335 = MCG +07-06-080 = CGCG 539-114 = PGC 10850

02 51 43.3 +42 49 42; Per

V = 13.6; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 36°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, dominated by a bright elongated core or bar running ~40"x15" NNW-SSE. The bar is encased in a faint, roundish halo ~50" diameter. Situated in a very rich star field with a mag 10 star 2.5' N. A mag 13 star (unequal double) is 1.5' SSE.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 262 = Sw. 8-5 on 24 Nov 1870. His position was just 1' to the NW but he assumed it was GC 612 (= NGC 1106), which is 1.2° further south! Due to this error, he didn't list it as new in any discovery list.

Edward Swift discovered IC 262 again on 3 Nov 1888. The description in the 8th discovery list (#5) reads "eeF; pS; R; bet. a F and a pB *; ee diff." and the position is just off the west side. The 10th magnitude star 2.4' N is probably the "pB *" mentioned in the description. Swift received credit in the IC.

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IC 263 = CGCG 389-027 = PGC 10716

02 49 40.0 -00 04 12; Cet

Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 168°

24" (1/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, ~30" diameter, moderate surface brightness, slightly brighter core. IC 264 lies 13' WSW, NGC 1104 is 20' SW and UGC 2324 is 13' NE.

18" (1/15/07): faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", even surface brightness, seen with direct vision. Located 20' NE of NGC 1104 and 105' due E of M77.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 263 = J. 1-99 on 9 Nov 1891. There is nothing at his position, but Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which should have been GSC 4699-221. When his offsets are applied to this star, the position lands on this galaxy. This galaxy is not identified in IC 263 in HyperLEDA, though NED and SIMBAD use the correct identification.

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IC 264 = Mrk 1401 = PGC 10644

02 48 47.6 -00 06 33; Cet

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 27°

24" (1/25/22): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. This small galaxy (only the core region was noticed) was just held steadily with averted vision. A mag 11.7 star is 1.7' ENE. IC 263 = PGC 10716 lies 13' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 264 = J. 1-100, along with IC 263, on 9 Nov 1891. There is nothing near his position (for either galaxy). But, as in the case of IC 263, Javelle misidentified his reference star, which should have been GSC 4699-221. In addition, Harold Corwin found a second error -- his RA offset from the star has the wrong sign. Once both of these errors are corrected, his position falls on Mrk 1401. As expected, neither PGC nor HyperLeda recognize this galaxy as IC 264, but it is correctly identified in SIMBAD and NED.

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IC 265 = MCG +07-07-006 = CGCG 539-127 = CGCG 540-009 = AWM 7-3 = PGC 10978

02 54 44.0 +41 39 19; Per

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9

18" (11/18/06): faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 5.5' NE of NGC 1129 in the cluster AWM 7 and 4.5' NW of a mag 9.7 star in a cluster. PGC 10962 lies 3' W. Appears brighter than the CGCG magnitude of 15.7pg.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 265 = Sw. 8-6 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; [NGC] 1129 near." His position is fairly accurate. Listed in the MCG as +07-07-006, but not identified as IC 265.

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IC 266 = MCG +07-07-010 = CGCG 540-012 = CGCG 539-130 = PGC 11002 = LEDA 2195448

02 55 04.6 +42 15 47; Per

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 128°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x and 375x very small but high surface brightness, ~20" diameter, contains a bright stellar nucleus. Situated in a rich star field with a string of five mag 13.5-14.5 stars is off the west side, trailing south towards a mag 10.7 star 5' SSW. IC 266 is located 25' ENE of NGC 1122.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 266 = Sw. 8-7 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eF; eS; R." His position is pretty accurate, although MCG failed to label MCG +07-07-010 as IC 266.

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IC 267 = UGC 2368 = MCG +02-08-028 = PGC 10932

02 53 50.2 +12 50 57; Ari

V = 13.0; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 15°

24" (12/21/16): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated ~4:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.7'x0.4', irregular surface brightness. This appears to be a central bar (verified on the DSS) rather than an edge-on galaxy. Either a star is superimposed at the center or the galaxy has a bright stellar nucleus! Located 10' SSE of NGC 1134.

17.5" (10/21/95): faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.3', broad weak concentration. Located 10.3' SSE of NGC 1134.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 267 = Sw. 7-7 = Big 138 on 8 Nov 1877 and recorded "eeF; pS; E; sf of GC 620 [NGC 1134]." His RA is 35 seconds too large. Bigourdan independently found it again on 28 Nov 1888 and measured an accurate position. Both are credited in the IC, though Bigourdan is listed first (perhaps because of Swift's poor position).

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IC 268 = MCG -02-08-024 = PGC 11032

02 55 27.0 -14 06 11; Eri

Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 68°

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; extremely to very faint, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SW-NE, ~25"x12", very low surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 269 2.2' N with a mag 10.7 star the same distance ENE. Faintest in a quartet with IC 270 and 272.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 268 = J. 1-101, along with IC 269, 270 and 272, on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 269 = MCG -02-08-023 = PGC 11033

02 55 26.5 -14 04 01; Eri

V = 14.4; Size 1.2'x0.35'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 126°

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 NW-SE, ~40"x15", very small bright core/nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 268 2.2' S and a quartet with IC 270 and 272 to the SW. A mag 10.7 star 2.2' SE forms an isosceles triangle with IC 269 and 268. Situated 8' ESE of mag 7.1 HD 18183.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 269 = J. 1-102, along with ICs 268, 270 and 272, on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 270 = MCG -02-08-028 = PGC 11061

02 55 44.2 -14 12 28; Eri

Size 1.3'x1.2'

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 45"x35". Contains a bright core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 14.6 star is at the southwest edge. Situated close east of an isosceles triangle of mag 11.2/11.8 and 12.6 stars [sides 1.3', 1.7', 1.7']. In a quartet with IC 272 5.5' ENE and IC 268 and 269 ~8' NNW. IC 270 appears to the brightest in a larger group at a mean z = .03 (distance ~400 million l.y.) including NGCs 1150, 1151, 1157 and 1158.

17.5" (10/17/98): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.6'. Forms the northeast vertex of a small trapezium with three mag 12 stars 1.0' SW, 1.5' WNW and 2.2' SW. Forms a pair with IC 272 5.5' ENE. NGC 1158, which is a fainter galaxy, lies 24' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 270 = J. 1-103, along with IC 272, on 1 Dec 1891 with the 29-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches MCG -02-08-028. IC 270 and IC 272 appear to be the brightest in a cluster of faint galaxies (or superimposed on a more distant cluster). IC 270 was the host of SN 2004go.

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IC 271 = MCG -02-08-029 = PGC 11078

02 55 59.4 -12 00 28; Eri

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 125°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, small, diffuse, low even surface brightness, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Two mag 12/12.5 stars less than 5' N and a mag 11 star is 4.6' small, with the galaxy directly between.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 271 = J. 2-573 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 272 = MCG -02-08-030 = PGC 11086

02 56 06.4 -14 11 12; Eri

Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 27°

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 35"'x25", low even surface brightness, visible continuously with averted. Last in a quartet with brighter IC 270 5.5' WSW. IC 268 and 269 are 11' and 12' NW.

17.5" (10/17/98): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~0.8'x0.6'. Forms a pair with brighter IC 270 5.5' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 272 = J. 1-104, along with IC 270, on 1 Dec 1891 with the 29-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches MCG -02-08-030.

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IC 273 = UGC 2425 = MCG +00-08-052 = CGCG 389-052 = LGG 079-002 = PGC 11156

02 57 10.8 +02 46 30; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 32°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1' in diameter, bright bulging core, fainter extensions, easily picked up at 228x.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 273 = J. 2-574 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pB, lE in PA 235° [SW-NE], 40" long, very small nucleus." His position is 1' N of UGC 2425 and the description is a perfect match.

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IC 275 = V Zw 309 = PGC 11388 = PGC 11389 = PGC 11390

03 00 57.3 +44 20 54; Per

Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (12/12/17): IC 275 is a triple system with the two closer components (PGC 11388 and PGC 11389) separated by 15" N-S. At 375x; the combined glow appeared faint, fairly small, roundish, ~0.4' diameter, with a low irregular surface brightness. I was confident that 2 or 3 extremely faint stellar or quasi-stellar nuclei were glimpsed and made a diagram of the orientation.

Checking the SDSS at home, my diagram matched PGC 11388 and PGC 11389, but my third object tuned out to be a mag 15.8 star only 18" NW of PGC 11389. I apparently missed PGC 11390, which is 30" E of PGC 11389 and perhaps the faintest of the trio.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 275 = Sw. 8-9 on 31 Oct 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * nr p; D * nr sp; bet. 2 st.; f of 2 [with IC 274]." His position matches V Zw 309, a triple system, with the brighter two components forming a 15" pair oriented N-S. Although the three components are listed in the PGC (from V Zw 309), neither HyperLeda nor SIMBAD labels any of the 3 as IC 275. Swift's "Double * near south-preceding" may be a ~30" pair ~2.5' SW.

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IC 276 = MCG -03-08-054 = LGG 081-006 = PGC 11264

02 58 41.1 -15 42 11; Eri

V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 60°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly bright, moderately large, edge-on 4:1 SW-NE with a slightly bulging center and very thin extensions, ~1.0'x0.25', high surface brightness core. A string of stars extends NE with a mag 10.7 star 12' NE.

IC 276 is a member of the NGC 1209 Group (LGG 81), which includes NGCs 1145, 1163, 1188, 1189, 1190 and 1199.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 276 = J. 2-575 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is good.

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IC 277 = UGC 2460 = Mrk 602 = MCG +00-08-064 = CGCG 389-060 = LGG 079-005 = PGC 11336

02 59 59.6 +02 46 17; Cet

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 45°

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 36"x24", very small brighter core.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 277 = J. 2-576 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pB, R, 40" diameter, Nucl = 12.5, a little mottled."

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IC 278 = UGC 2481 = MCG +06-07-032 = CGCG 524-044 = PGC 11414

03 01 30.4 +37 45 58; Per

V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.3

24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter. A mag 13.8 star is at the west edge of the halo. The larger, very low surface brightness outer halo wasn't noticed. A mag 11 star is 1.6' NW. Located 27' SE of the mag 6.1 star HD 618552.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 278 on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position was accurate.

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IC 279 = CGCG 463-045 = PGC 11401

03 01 12.2 +16 12 33; Ari

Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 165°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, small, irregularly round, 15"-20" diameter, occasional very faint stellar nucleus. Located 9' SW of mag 8.6 HD 18773. Probably a member of galaxy cluster AGC 397, which is centered ~1° to the WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 279 = J. 2-577 on 29 Dec 1893. His position is off the north side of CGCG 463-045.

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IC 281 = NGC 1177 = MCG +07-07-020 = CGCG 540-033 = PGC 11581

03 04 37.1 +42 21 46; Per

V = 14.5; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6

See observing notes for NGC 1177

Lewis Swift found IC 281 = Sw. 8-11 on 1 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeeF; vS; * close n; 1175 nr." His position falls between NGC 1175 and NGC 1177, but the description mentions the star to the north, so IC 281 = NGC 1177. Surprisingly, Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 282 = NGC 1198 = UGC 2533 = MCG +07-07-024 = CGCG 540-038 = PGC 11648

03 06 13.3 +41 50 56; Per

V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 120°

See observing notes for NGC 1198.

Lewis Swift found IC 282 = Sw. 8-12 on 27 Oct 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; bet. 2 nr. st." There is nothing at Swift's position but 1 minute of RA further east is NGC 1198, discovered by Stephan in 1880, and his description applies to this galaxy. Because of the discrepancy in positions, Dreyer probably assumed IC 282 and NGC 1198 were different objects. Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree IC 282 = NGC 1198. This galaxy is identified as NGC 1198 only in all sources except NED, which equates the numbers.

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IC 283 = MCG +00-08-076 = CGCG 389-069 = KUG 0301-003 = PGC 11539

03 03 50.5 -00 12 16; Cet

V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 5°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, low and nearly even surface brightness, 25"-30" diameter. Located ~1° NW of NGC 1211.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 283 = J. 1-105 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 284 = UGC 2531 = MCG +07-07-023 = LGG 082-003 = PGC 11643

03 06 10.2 +42 22 18; Per

V = 11.5; Size 4.1'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 13°

24" (1/25/14): at 200x and 375x appeared moderately bright, large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, at least 3'x1.5', weak concentration to a brighter core. Two mag 15 stars are superimposed on the east edge of the core. V Zw 319 = PGC 11646 is on the southwest edge of the halo, 0.7' SW of center! The companion appeared very faint, round, only 12" diameter. A 17" pair of mag 11.5 stars lies 2.5' NW. IC 288 lies 15' E.

NED has no distance info on V Zw 319, though there is no indication of interaction on the SDSS and an arm from IC 284 is silhouetted on V Zw 319, indicating it may be a background object.

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, moderately large, diffuse, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, gradually increases to a small bright core. A mag 11 double at 16" separation is 2.5' NW. Located 18' E of NGC 1175.

Édouard Stephan probably discovered IC 284 = Sw. 8-13 on 3 Nov 1877 and indicated it as new in his notebook. His rough position was 5.5' too far east, though, adding some uncertainty to the identification. Stephan never published the discovery.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 284 again on 27 Oct 1888. He included it in his 8th discovery list (#13) with description, "eeF, pL, lE, D * np, bet 2 st". His RA was 12 seconds too small but the comment "double star north-preceding" confirms the identity.

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IC 285 = MCG -02-08-044 = PGC 11557

03 04 06.2 -12 00 56; Eri

Size 1.1'x0.2'; PA = 117°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, fairly small, elongated at least 2:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness, ~40"x18". Located 3.2' SE of NGC 1200 in a distinctive quartet. The major axis of the galaxy points to the center of NGC 1200.

17.5" (10/20/90): very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, very low even surface brightness. Last of four in the NGC 1200 compact group (USGC S110) with NGC 1200 3' WNW.

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 285 = J. 2-578 on 7 Dec 1885, during an observation of NGC 1200 with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He commented "almost as faint as [NGC 1195] and as small; vvF, vvS. Indistinct outline." His diagram of the field includes NGC 1200, along with NGCs 1195 and 1196. IC 285 is accurately placed with the note "[NGC 1200] and new."

Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 285 = J. 2-578 on 7 Dec 1893 while viewing NGC 1195, 1196 and 1200. As Baracchi's discovery was never published, Javelle received credit in the IC.

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IC 287 = LEDA 170040

03 04 57.8 -12 04 14; Eri

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 9°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", small slightly brighter core region. This galaxy was surprisingly easy with B magnitude of 15.4. Located 16' ESE of NGC 1200 in a group (USGC S110). A mag 10.8 star is 2.2' E and a mag 8.6 star (HD 19178) is 6.4' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 287 = J. 2-579 on 7 Dec 1893. His position was accurate, though since this galaxy was not included in the PGC, the IC designation is not attached to LEDA 170040. NED uses the IC designation.

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IC 288 = UGC 2544 = MCG +07-07-027 = CGCG 540-043 = LGG 088-001 = PGC 11702

03 07 32.9 +42 23 15; Per

V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 42°

24" (1/31/14): moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. IC 284 lies 15' W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 288 = Sw. 8-14 on 31 Oct 1888 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "vF, vS, R, 2 pB st nf point to it, r[esolution] suspected". His position is 1.6' SW of UGC 2544 = PGC 11702, though the two "pB" stars are south-following. MCG doesn't identify +07-07-027 as IC 288. The NGC 2000.0 classifies this galaxy as an open cluster, probably as Dreyer changed "r suspected" to "? S Cl".

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IC 289 = PK 138+2.1 = PN G138.8+02.8 = Hb 1

03 10 19.2 +61 19 01; Cas

V = 13.5; Size 42"x28"

48" (10/27/16): at 610x unfiltered; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated NW-SE. Annular with an irregularly brighter rim that is brightest on the northwest side. The northern end is slightly brighter in general (less than a 90° arc). A faint central star was visible most of the time. We didn't look for the outer halo at lower power. IC 289 resides in a rich star 1.8' NNW of a mag 10.1 star.

48" (10/25/14): at 375x unfiltered; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.6'x0.5'. Weakly annular with a slightly brighter rim and irregularly lit darker center that contains a very faint central star. A thin, very low surface brightness outer halo is more elongated along the minor axis, creating a roughly circular halo.

18" (11/13/07): at 300x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~35"x30" with an irregular surface brightness. The rim was very slightly brighter than the interior with a strong impression of irregularities. The rim sometimes appeared slightly brighter along the north side or contained a very faint stellar knot. At 450x, there was an occasional faint sparkle in the interior, but I was uncertain if it was the central star. Located 1.8' N of a mag 10 star. A mag 14 star lies just 45" NE.

17.5" (1/16/02): at 140x, IC 289 was seen as a fairly faint, 35" to 40" disc with a modest contrast gain using a UHC filter. Situated 2' N of a mag 10 star and near the tip of two curving strings of stars which head north and NW from IC 289. Excellent view at 380x - the planetary is slightly elongated and has a mottled appearance with a marginally brighter rim, particularly on the W or NW side, giving an impression of weak annularity. At moments, there was a brief sparkle at the center, possibly the central star. A mag 14 star is 45" NE of center and a mag 13 star lies 1.3' following.

13.1" (12/7/85): at 79x and OIII filter appears faint, small, round. At 166x and UHC filter can just hold steadily with averted vision, fairly small, almost round.

8": at 100x and UHC filter this planetary was very faint, very small. Situated near the tip of two converging rows of mag 10-12 stars. I made several difficult positive sightings with the C8 under poor transparency in El Cerrito!

Lewis Swift discovered IC 289 = Sw. 8-15 on 2 Sep 1888 and recorded "pB; pL; R; bet 2 vF st."

Hubble first classified IC 289 as a PN based on objective prism images taken with a 10-inch Cooke lens. His 1921 paper "Twelve New Planetary Nebulae" (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1921PASP...33..174H) includes a half-dozen other known nebulae (NGC 2818, NGC 6072, NGC 7048, NGC 7635 (error), IC 1470, IC 4670), as well as announcing 5 previously unknown nebulae (Hb 4, Hb 5, Hb 7, Hb, 8 and Hb 12). Hubble noted that IC 1470 and NGC 7635 "may possibly be transition forms between planetaries and gaseous nebulae."

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IC 290 = IC 1884 = UGC 2561 = CGCG 540-047 = PGC 11817

03 09 42.7 +40 58 27; Per

V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 131°

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, elongated ~5:2 NW-SE, ~25"x10", low nearly even surface brightness. Located 17' E of Algol and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7 SAO 38614. IC 1883 = NGC 1212 is 4.9' S.

18" (11/22/03): very faint, very small, appears as a tiny elongated streak, ~25"x8". Located 5' N of IC 1883 (= NGC 1212) and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7 SAO 38614 at the west side of AGC 426. Two mag 12/13 stars lie 50" E and 1.3' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 290 = Sw. 8-16, along with IC 292, 293 and 294, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; R: in field with Algol." His position is just off the northwest edge. Barnard independently discovered the galaxy (as well as the other Swift discoveries) on 26 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He communicated the result directly to Dreyer who didn't notice the equivalence with the previous entry. As a result, IC 290 = IC 1884. UGC identifies this galaxy as IC 1884, although IC 290 should be the primary designation by prior discovery.

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IC 291 = MCG -02-09-001 = PGC 11699

03 07 26.5 -12 35 15; Eri

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 90°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~45"x20", slight central condensation. Mag 9.5 HD 19433 is 7' NW. STF 357 = 9.6/10.8 at 9" separation lies 12' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 291 = J. 1-106 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 292 = IC 1887 = UGC 2567 = MCG +07-07-030 = CGCG 540-049 = PGC 11846

03 10 12.9 +40 45 56; Per

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 75°

18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.9'x0.4', very weak concentration. Located 2.4' S of a mag 10 star at the west edge of AGC 426. NGC 1212 lies 10' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 292 = Sw. 8-17, along with IC 293, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; * nr s; bet 2 st.; in field with Algol." His position is fairly accurate. E.E. Barnard independently discovered this galaxy (as well as IC 293) on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer and he recatalogued it as IC 1887. So, IC 292 = IC 1887. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 293 = IC 1888 = MCG +07-07-031 = CGCG 540-053 = LGG 087-006 = PGC 11873

03 10 56.2 +41 08 14; Per

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, broad and weak concentration. Situated in a rich star field 6' SW of mag 8.1 HD 19663 (a wide pair). This member of AGC 426 lies 14' SSW of NGC 1224, which was the previous target.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 293 = Sw. 8-18, along with IC 292, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; in finder field with Algol." His position is less than 1' W of PGC 11873. E.E. Barnard independently discovered this galaxy (as well as IC 292) on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer and he recatalogued it as IC 1887. So, IC 293 = IC 1887. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 294 = IC 296 = IC 1889 = UGC 2574 = MCG +07-07-033 = LGG 088-012 = PGC 11878

03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", weak concentration. Three similar stars are near; a mag 14.5 star is 0.6' NW, a mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW and another mag 14 star is 1.1' WSW. IC 292 lies 13' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 294 = Sw. 8-19, along with IC 290, 292, 293 and 295, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; iR; in finder field with Algol." Barnard independently found this galaxy (along with IC 292 and 293) while sweeping near Algol on 23 Nov 1888 and noted "faint, moderately size, follows several stars." Barnard send the discovery notice directly to Dreyer at some point resulting in the designation IC 1889.

Swift placed IC 295 close southeast, but there is nothing there. IC 296 = Sw. 8-21, discovered by Swift just 3 nights later, is perhaps another observation (position matches and nothing else nearby he might have picked up, except for faint stars). So, IC 294 = IC 296 = IC 1889 (and perhaps IC 295!). CGCG labels this galaxy as IC 296 while MCG and RC3 lists it as IC 294.

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IC 296 = IC 294 = IC 1889 = UGC 2574 = MCG +07-07-033 = LGG 088-012 = PGC 11878

03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°

Lewis Swift discovered IC 296 = Sw. 8-21 on 14 Sep 1888 and described as "eF, pS, irr R, F D * p." His position is a good match with UGC 2574. This galaxy was probably discovered 3 nights earlier by Swift and reported in the same list as #19 (later IC 294). Some sources identify this galaxy as IC 294, others as IC 296 or both. IC 1889 is an independent discovery by Barnard a couple of months later.

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IC 298 = Arp 147 = I Zw 11 = VV 787 = UGCA 57 = CGCG 390-016 = MCG +00-09-015 = PGC 1190197 = PGC 11890

03 11 18.9 +01 18 53; Cet

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 126°

48" (10/23/11): at 488x both components of this ring system were easily resolved. The eastern "collider" component (identified as IC 298A in PGC but IC 298B in NED) appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, 24"x9", very small brighter core. The ring component (no nucleus) just west is a faint, small, irregularly round glow, ~20" diameter with a low but very uneven surface brightness. The rim was slightly brighter, creating a weak annular appearance, particularly on the east side. The system is located 3' NW of a mag 9.3 star.

18" (1/26/09): at 285x appeared very faint and small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~18"x9", low even surface brightness. Located 3' NW of mag 9.3 SAO 111034. This is a remarkable pair of disrupted galaxies (Arp 147) forming a "10" or "IC" on images. The fainter western component (collisional Ring), forming the "C" or "0" was not visible.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 298 = J. 2-580 on 29 Dec 1893 and recorded "Small, nearly round, 1 'in diameter. It looks like the nebula covers two very small bright spots." Based on his description, it appears Javelle saw both components described in my observation. MCG appears to misidentify IC 298 as MCG +00-09-015 instead of MCG +00-09-014. Although IC 298 applies to both systems, PGC identifies the ring as IC 298 and the eastern component as IC 298A, while NED identifies the ring as IC 298A and the eastern system as IC 298B.

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IC 299 = LEDA 942795

03 11 02.6 -13 06 35; Eri

Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 175°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, small, round, compact well defined 20" halo. A mag 14.3 star is within 1' ESE and mag 9.8 HD 19811 is 3.4' NW. Located 9' N of mag 6.4 HD 19850.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 299 = J. 1-107 on 13 Oct 1891 and recorded "vF, vS, R, slightly brighter middle." His position is accurate although HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 942795 as IC 299.

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IC 300 = LEDA 2198416

03 14 16.0 +42 24 55; Per

V = 14.8; Size 0.55'x0.55'

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, ~15" diameter [core of the galaxy], nearly even surface brightness. This member of AGC 426 is situated 9' SW of mag 6.1 HD 20063 and 13' NNW of IC 301.

Alternate identification of IC 300: UGC 2590 at 03 13 03.1 +42 27 26

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is barely off the SW side [30" from center]. Located 11' NE of mag 6.2 HD 19736.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 300 = Sw. 8-23 on 15 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; 8 mag * in field sp; p of 2 [with IC 301]." There is nothing at his position but 2.5' SE is LEDA 2198416, which Corwin identifies as IC 300. He remarks, though, "his description should read 'bet 2 sts 9, np and sf" instead of "* 9 sp.'" Also, this galaxy is at least a magnitude fainter than IC 301, though both were described as "eF". So, Corwin mentions its possible the position is well off and this is not the intended object.

I noticed that if Swift recorded or transcribed his RA by 1 minute too large, then his position would correspond with UGC 2590. And there is a bright star to the southwest as Swift described, though HD 19736 (11' SW) is 6th magnitude, so a couple of magnitudes brighter than Swift guesstimated.

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IC 301 = UGC 2606 = MCG +07-07-036 = CGCG 540-063 = PGC 12074

03 14 47.7 +42 13 22; Per

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.1'

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a small brighter core and very small nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is on the NW end. Located 1.2° NW of NGC 1275 in AGC 426.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 301 = Sw. 8-23, along with IC 300, on 15 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; f of 2 [with IC 300]." His position is just 1.2' WNW of UGC 2606 and there are no other nearby galaxies, so the identification is secure.

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IC 302 = UGC 2595 = MCG +01-09-002 = CGCG 416-004 = PGC 11972

03 12 51.3 +04 42 25; Cet

V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 21°

24" (12/1/16): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, 0.8' diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. No distinct core, but occasionally a faint stellar nucleus seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 302 = J. 2-581 on 15 Dec 1892 and described "pretty faint, pretty small, round, 40" diameter, stellar nucleus."

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IC 303 = LEDA 962881

03 12 40.9 -11 41 24; Eri

Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 47°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, fairly small, round, 15"-20" diameter, diffuse, cannot hold steadily. A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' SE and a mag 9 star (HD 20000) is5' NW. IC 303 is 5' ESE.

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Required knowing the precise position to glimpse (5' E of a mag 10.8 star and 5.4' SE of mag 9.0 HD 20000). A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 303 = J. 2-582, along with IC 306, on 7 Feb 1893. His position (offsets from HD 19958) is a perfect match. HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 962881 as IC 303.

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IC 304 = UGC 2609 = MCG +06-08-005 = CGCG 525-010 = LGG 089-001 = PGC 12080

03 15 01.4 +37 52 55; Per

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 27°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 SSW-NNE, ~25"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14 star is 30" SE and a mag 13 star is 1.2' SE. Forms a pair with IC 305 1.4' SSE.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 304, along with IC 305, while searching for double stars on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The micrometric position (measured by Barnard) is accurate.

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IC 305 = CGCG 525-012 = MCG +06-08-006 = PGC 12083

03 15 03.8 +37 51 36; Per

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 45°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, very small bright nucleus, compact, 15" diameter. Appears brighter (higher surface brightness) than CGCG mag of 15.7 suggests. A mag 13 star is 50" NE. Forms a close pair with IC 304 1.4' NNW.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 305, along with IC 304, while searching for double stars on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.

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IC 306 = MCG -02-09-015 = PGC 11985

03 13 00.2 -11 42 56; Eri

Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 80°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely or very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low surface brightness. Required avarted vision and only visible for a couple of seconds at a time. IC 303 is 4' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 306 = J. 2-583, along with IC 303, on 7 Feb 1893. Both positions are slightly offset to the southwest of the respective galaxies.

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IC 307 = UGC 2600 = MCG +00-09-027 = CGCG 390-028 = PGC 12017

03 13 45.2 -00 14 29; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.75'; PA = 70°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x and 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, bright core, 45"x15", very low surface brightness outer halo with averted vision. increases diameter to ~1'.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 307 = J. 1-108 on 4 Dec 1891.

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IC 308 = UGC 2619 = PGC 12152

03 16 15.8 +41 10 51; Per

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 3°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, very small brighter nucleus with a diffuse 20" halo. A mag 14.6 star is at the south edge. Situated in a rich star field on the southwest side of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster (AGC 426), ~45' WSW of NGC 1275.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 308 = Sw. 8-25 on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; iR; resolvability suspected." His position is at the east edge of UGC 2619. Neither UGC, PGC nor HyperLeda label UGC 2619 as IC 308. The same night he discovered a number of galaxies in the Perseus cluster.

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IC 309 = MCG +07-07-043 = CGCG 540-072 = LGG 091-001 = PGC 12141

03 16 06.3 +40 48 16; Per

V = 13.5; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, round, even surface brightness. Situated between two mag 12 stars 1' NW and 1.4' SE. UGC 2617 lies 5' NNW but was not seen. Member of AGC 426.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 309 = Sw. 8-26 on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; bet 2 st."

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IC 310 = UGC 2624 = MCG +07-07-045 = PGC 12171

03 16 43.1 +41 19 29; Per

V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (2/15/18): at 375x fairly bright, moderately large, round, ~45" diameter, strong concentration with a bright core that increases to an intense quasi-stellar nucleus. Located at the southwest end of the mainline of AGC 426. UGC 2626 is 3.7' NE and NGC 1259 is 7.4' NE. A mag 14.5 star is 1.3' SW.

17.5" (12/19/87): moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core, faint stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with UGC 2626 3.7' NE. Member of AGC 426.

17.5" (12/3/88): fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 17 year-old son, discovered IC 310 = Sw. 8-28 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; [NGC] 1259, 1260 in field." The position matches UGC 2624, which is probably the brightest member of AGC 426 that is not in the NGC.

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IC 311 = UGC 2625 = CGCG 540-076 = PGC 12177

03 16 46.7 +40 00 13; Per

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 114°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. A faint star (mag ~14.5) is attached at the SW edge. Situated in a rich star field on a line between a mag 10.6 star 3.8' WSW and a mag 9.5 star (HD 275082) 6' ENE. This galaxy is probably an outlying member of AGC 426 (1.6° S of the center of the cluster) and has an unusual double dust lane on the SDSS image!

STF 369, an attractive mag 6.7/8.0 pair at 3", lies 29' N. The stars have a subtle color contrast with a very pale orange primary and a blue-white secondary.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 311 = Sw. 8-27 on 10 Oct 1888 and reported "eF, pS, irregularly round, bet 2 st, vF * v. close f." His RA is 7 seconds too small, but the description is a perfect match with UGC 2625.

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IC 312 = UGC 2644 = MCG +07-07-051 = CGCG 540-086 = LGG 088-004 = PGC 12279

03 18 08.4 +41 45 16; Per

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 125°

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', small bright core. PGC 12288, just 1.9' SE, appeared faint, small, elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, ~20"x7". A mag 14-14.5 star is at the northeast end. NGC 1265, a low surface brightness galaxy with a bright star superimposed, lies 6' NNE of IC 312.

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval NW-SE. A mag 13 star is 1.2' E of center. Forms a pair with PGC 12288 1.9' SE within AGC 426. The companion appeared very faint, very small, elongated SW-NE. A mag 15 star is just off the NE edge.

17.5" (8/12/88): faint, small, elongated NW-SE, brighter core.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 312 = Sw. 8-29 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 stars." His position is accurate though MCG doesn't identify MCG +07-07-051 as IC 312.

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IC 313 = UGC 2682 = MCG +07-07-073 = CGCG 540-111 = LGG 097-005 = CR 45 = PGC 12558

03 20 58.1 +41 53 38; Per

V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 42°

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A double star 14.5/14.5 (separation ~6") is 30" SE, just off the southeast edge. A superimposed star barely south of the nucleus was not noticed. IC 316 lies 4.6' NE and a mag 10.5 star is 2.5' N.

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, very small, almost round. A mag 14 star (close double) is off the southeast edge 30" from center. Forms a pair with IC 316 4.5' NE within AGC 426.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 313 = Sw. 8-33, along with IC 316, on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; e close D * v near south."

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IC 314 = NGC 1289 = UGC 2666 = MCG +00-09-054 = CGCG 390-055 = PGC 12342

03 18 49.8 -01 58 24; Eri

V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 100°

See observing notes for NGC 1289.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 314 = Big. 140 on 14 Dec 1887. His position matches UGC 2666 = PGC 12342. This galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift on 1 Sep 1886 and described as "vF; S; R; 4 st following in a row.", but his RA was off by 11 seconds. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position for NGC 1289 and reported "the "4 st following" are of about mag 10, and are not close together, the farthest being perhaps 10' from the nebula." It's clear that IC 314 = NGC 1289, although Dreyer didn't make the connection.

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IC 315 = CGCG 416-006 = PGC 12364

03 19 09.3 +04 02 19; Cet

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°

24" (1/23/22): at 260x; very faint, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', very low and nearly even surface brightness. A 7" pair (BAL 2114) of mag 9.6/10 stars lies 6' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 315 = J. 2-584 on 11 Jan 1894.

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IC 316 = UGC 2688 = MCG +07-07-074 = CGCG 540-112 = PGC 12576 +12578

03 21 19.9 +41 55 50; Per

V = 14.1; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 64°

24" (2/7/16): IC 316 is a spectacular interacting/merging pair of spiral galaxies with the nuclei of the two galaxies separated by only 11". The close duo is embedded in a irregular common halo about 1' across. At 226x, a single fairly faint glow was seen, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~25" diameter. At 452x (10mm ZAO + 2x Powermate), I immediately noticed a nearly stellar nucleus [of the northern face-on spiral] offset near the north edge creating an unusual appearance. Often a very faint "spike" [the southern edge-on spiral] was seen close south of the stellar nucleus, angling towards the southeast, ~15"x5".

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval ~N-S, weak concentration. Located 5' ENE of IC 313 in AGC 426. A companion is superimposed 0.2' S, but the merged systems were not resolved.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 316 = Sw. 8-34, along with IC 313, on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R." So, Swift did not resolve the two nuclei.

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IC 317 = MCG -02-09-026 = PGC 12346

03 18 55.5 -12 44 25; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 49°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.5', weakly enhanced central region. A 12" pair of mag 15/15.5 star is 1' SW and a mag 14.3 star is 2' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 317 = J. 1-109 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 318 = MCG -03-09-023 = PGC 12532

03 20 43.8 -14 34 06; Eri

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 134°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, moderate surface brightness, slightly brighter core, 45"x18".

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 318 = J. 1-110 on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 320 = UGC 2732 = MCG +07-08-007 = CGCG 541-006 = PGC 12819

03 25 59.2 +40 47 20; Per

V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 48°

24" (12/20/17): at 225x and 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 20"x15" (core region only), faint stellar nucleus. A very faint star [mag 15.3] is superimposed on the SW side that is similar in brightness to the nucleus, and a brighter mag 14.5 star is off the WNW edge [27" from center]. UGC 2730, an extremely low surface brightness edge-on 2.8' SSW, appeared extremely faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, ~20"x6"?. IC 320 is an outlying member of AGC 426 at the southeast edge of the cluster, 1.4° from NGC 1275.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 320 = Sw. 8-35 on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; vF * close p." His position is just off the west edge of UGC 2732 and the description of the nearby star matches.

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IC 321 = MCG -03-09-035 = PGC 12742

03 24 30.0 -14 59 07; Eri

Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright core. This is a relatively easy IC galaxy and was seen immediately and visible continuously. Several mag 12 and fainter stars are to the N and NE and mag 8 HD 21252 is 11.5' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 321 = J. 1-111 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 322 = CGCG 390-089 = CGCG 416-008 = PGC 12820

03 26 00.5 +03 40 50; Tau

V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, round, ~25" diameter, irregular surface brightness, very slightly brighter core. A mag 13 star is just over 1' W. A group of 5 stars mag 11-13 in a trapezoidal configuration is ~6' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 322 = J. 2-585 on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 324 = NGC 1331 = ESO 548-019 = MCG -04-09-012 = IC 324 = PGC 12846

03 26 28.3 -21 21 19; Eri

V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2

See observing notes for NGC 1331.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 324 on 3 Dec 1888. His position matches ESO 548-019 = PGC 12846, which was discovered by William Herschel in 1799 and catalogued as H. III-959 (later NGC 1331). Herschel's single position was 22 seconds of RA too small and happens to fall close to ESO 548-016 = PGC 12827, a galaxy too faint to have been seen by Herschel. In the "Scientific Papers of William Herschel", Dreyer notes for NGC 1331: "This is IC 324, 11 seconds following, 1.2' S of NGC 1332. NGC 1331 is to be struck out." The RNGC misidentifies ESO 548-016 as NGC 1331.

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IC 325 = LEDA 1025189

03 30 48.9 -07 02 48; Eri

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, diffuse, round, 25"-30" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 3' E. Located 23' SE of mag 6.0 HD 21665.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 325 = J. 1-112 on 28 Jan 1892 and recorded "very faint, round, 20" diameter with very little central condensation." His position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't identify LEDA 1025189 as IC 325.

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IC 326 = MCG -03-09-049 = PGC 13030

03 30 36.6 -14 25 32; Eri

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 101°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.6' diameter, weak but even concentration to a slightly brighter core and occasional stellar nucleus. IC 328 lies 15' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 326 = J. 1-113 on 1 Dec 1891 and recorded "very faint, fairly large, elongated in the meridian (N-S)." His position is accurate.

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IC 327 = MCG -03-09-050 = PGC 13057

03 31 10.0 -14 41 32; Eri

V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.45'; PA = 58°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, ~0.3' diameter, required averted and only occasionally glimpsed but confirmed. Located 3.3' S of IC 328.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 327 = J. 2-586 on 12 Dec 1892 and recorded "eF, vS, poorly defined, v difficult." His position is fairly accurate. A noted was added "distinct from nebula 113 [IC 326] and 114 [IC 328] in the first catalogue."

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IC 328 = MCG -03-09-051 = PGC 13063

03 31 11.0 -14 38 16; Eri

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 16°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, diffuse, nearly even surface brightness. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 13/14 stars 2' NNE and 2' NE. IC 326 lies 15' NW and difficult IC 327 is 3' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 328 = J. 1-114 on 10 Dec 1892 and recorded "very faint, very small, roughly round, at least 10" diameter." Nearby IC 327 was discovered 2 nights later.

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IC 329 = MCG +00-10-001 = CGCG 391-002 = WBL 102-001 = PGC 13109

03 32 01.4 +00 16 46; Tau

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 63°

24" (12/1/16): at 225x; First in an trio with IC 331 4.5' E (roughly symmetrically placed on the east side of the bright star) and IC 330 4.7' NNE. The three galaxies (catalogued as the group WBL 102) form an isosceles triangle.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 329 = J. 1-115, along with IC 330 and IC 331, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "faint, very small, round, with slight condensation."

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IC 330 = MCG +00-10-002 = CGCG 391-004 = WBL 102-002 = PGC 13117

03 32 08.0 +00 21 12; Tau

V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 78°

24" (12/1/16): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 30"x10", small brighter core. A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' NNE. Situated 3.9' N of mag 8.3 HD 21926 in a trio with IC 329 and IC 330. These two galaxies lie ~2' W and 2.5' E of the bright star, respectively, so the trio has a striking arrangement with IC 330 forming the northern vertex of an isosceles triangle.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 330 = J. 1-116, along with IC 329 and IC 331, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "faint, roughly round, 15" diameter, slightly brighter center."

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IC 331 = MCG +00-10-003 = CGCG 391-005 = WBL 102-003 = PGC 13119

03 32 19.1 +00 16 57; Tau

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (12/1/16): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, very small bright nucleus. IC 331 lies 2.6' E of mag 8.3 HD 21926 and is the third in a trio with IC 329 (2' WSW of the bright star) and IC 330. It's slightly brighter and larger than IC 329. Although none of these galaxies are bright, the arrangement with the bright star is striking.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 331 = J. 2-117, along with IC 329 and IC 330, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "mag 13 star surrounded by nebulosity, nebulous character uncertain."

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IC 332 = MCG +00-10-004 = CGCG 391-006 = PGC 13137

03 32 37.4 +01 22 57; Tau

V = 13.7; Size 0.95'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 43°

24" (2/24/20): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" (core region), very low surface brightness halo ~0.6'x0.4' SW-NE. A mag 10.7 star is 4.4' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 332 = J. 2-587 on 29 Dec 1893 and reported "F, vS, R, 20" diameter. Like a faint star surrounded by nebulosity."

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IC 334 = UGC 2824 = MCG +13-03-007 = CGCG 346-006 = PGC 13759

03 45 16.9 +76 38 17; Cam

V = 11.3; Size 2.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 58°

17.5" (1/9/99): surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy! The center is sharply concentrated with a bright 1' core and a much fainter irregular halo at least 2.5' in diameter. A faint star is superimposed at the south side of the core. Situated in a starry field with several mag 12/13 stars within a few arc minutes.

William Denning discovered IC 334 on 30 Sep 1891 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He called it "tolerably bright, pretty small" and noted "an extremely faint star involved on the S. side of the nebula. The latter is fairly conspicuous with a power of 60, and much brighter in the middle."

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IC 335 = IC 1963 = ESO 358-026 = MCG -06-08-031 = LGG 094-008 = PGC 13277

03 35 31.0 -34 26 49; For

V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 84°

18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated ~E-W, 1.5'x0.4', slightly brighter core, tapering extensions (spindle-shaped). Located 7.5' E of a mag 11.5 star. This is one of the brighter non-NGC galaxies in the Fornax I cluster.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 335 = Sw. 7-8 on 15 Oct 1887 and recorded "pF pS; eE; east and west." His position is 30 seconds of RA west of ESO 358-026 = PGC 13277. Swift found this galaxy again on 7 Sep 1897 and logged "pB; S; eeeE; a hair line 90°. See note." The note mentions "these [along with IC 2135] are the most interesting nebulae I have ever seen, especially No. 56 [IC 1963], which is a nebulous hair-line of one uniform size from end to end." His second position was 37 seconds of RA too far west (both positions have the same declination) though clearly refers to the same edge-on. Dreyer assumed they were different, but IC 335 = IC 1963. Swift included both IC 335 and IC 2135 in a short article on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy after his observing career was over.

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IC 338 = MCG +00-10-007 = CGCG 391-018 = WBL 103-001 = PGC 13373

03 37 38.1 +03 07 08; Tau

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 175°

24" (1/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 2.5' NW. IC 1967 lies 10' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 338 = J. 2-558 on 13 Oct 1891. His description reads "vF, S, nearly round, 30" diameter, without condensation, very faint star near."

The CGCG incorrectly identifies CGCG 391-019 as IC 338, instead of CGCG 391-018. The misidentified galaxy lies 9' to the north.

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IC 340 = MCG -02-10-005 = PGC 13464

03 39 29.1 -13 06 54; Eri

V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 90°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~0.6'x0.2', nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is superimposed on the east side, which I initially thought was a stellar nucleus. A triangle of mag 13-13.5 stars of close SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 340 = J. 1-118 on 13 Oct 1891 and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, 45" long, ends at a 14th mag star." His position is accurate.

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IC 342 = UGC 2847 = MCG +11-05-003 = PGC 13826

03 46 48.6 +68 05 47; Cam

V = 8.4; Size 21.4'x20.9'; Surf Br = 14.9

24" (3/21/20): at 124x and 200x; this obscured galaxy contained a very bright 30" nucleus that gradually increased to a sharp stellar point. The nucleus was surrounded by a fairly faint core/central region with a diameter of at least 1'. A 12th mag star is just 1' N of the nucleus. This star is the middle of 3 nearly in a line with a mag 12 star 2' E and a mag 11 star 2.5' WSW. A very diffuse halo of low but irregular surface brightness extends ~15', best viewed at 124x. A distinctive string of 6 stars oriented NW-SE cuts across the halo to the southwest of the nucleus. Spiral arm structure was very subtle and only seen in patches or sections, one on the north side, roughly 5' from the core.

UGC 2826, located 21' NW, appeared fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.4', low but uneven surface brightness, weak concentration.

17.5" (12/16/95): very unusual galaxy, appears as a very faint, very large glow surrounding a 1' high surface brightness core that increases to a bright stellar nucleus. The irregular halo is difficult to trace but extends to ~10' diameter with a number of superimposed stars including a striking 6' string of six mag 10.5-12.5 stars oriented NW-SE on the southwest side of the halo. No arm structure was seen. The core forms a small triangle with two similar superimposed mag 11 stars 1.0' N and 2.0' NE. Situated just 10.6° above the galactic plane and suffers from significant dust obscuration.

13.1" (1/18/85): at 144x the nucleus is prominent as a mag 12 "fuzzy" star. At this power the outer halo disappears.

8" (3/21/20): the small core/nucleus was very noticeable, as well as a very large, roundish outer halo ~15' diameter with a diaphanous appearance. The halo seemed to fill in the gaps between the numerous surrounding stars.

8" (10/31/81 and 11/28/81): very faint, large, very diffuse outer halo, very small prominent 12th magnitude nucleus. A line of three stars is superimposed.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 342 on 11 Aug 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He sketched it at 150x as well as 500x and noted, "with 500x it is quite a bright object, 1/2' dia and quite [?], mbM, not cometary. Object 1' S of this star [shown on sketch] and following 3 or 4 seconds." His rough position and sketch (showing the superimposed linear strings of stars) is an excellent match.

William Denning independently discovered IC 342 on 19 Aug 1892 while comet hunting with his 10-inch reflector. The discovery was announced in a short note, "New nebula", Astronomy and Astro-Physics, 12, 189 (1893). He called it "rather faint, with nucleus about 12th magnitude, and very small, but it was sufficiently conspicuous to be discovered with a power of 40 only on my 10-inch reflector." As Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer, Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC.

Hubble and Seyfert announced "A Spiral Nebula of Unusually Large Dimensions" (Harvard College Observatory Bulletin #899, pp.16-17) with a diameter of 20' on photographs and they compared it to M33 and M101.

Hubble and Humason (1934), first recognized this object as a spiral galaxy and suggested it was possibly a Local Group member (heavily reddened) based on its recessional velocity, though it was later shown to be too distant. IC 342 is one of the brightest members of the IC 342/Maffei Group that includes NGC 1560, NGC 1569 and highly obscured Maffei I and 2.

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IC 343 = ESO 548-066 = MCG -03-10-029 = LGG 100-003 = PGC 13495

03 40 07.1 -18 26 37; Eri

V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 118°

17.5" (12/11/99): faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 30"x20". Situated between two mag 13 stars 1.6' E and 2.0' SW of center. Located 8' N of NGC 1407 in a group of 8 NGC galaxies.

Frank Muller discovered IC 343 = LM(S) 160 on 14 Oct 1887 and noted "lE 90°, dif." with a diameter of 0.3'. His micrometric position in the 1893 catalogue of "Southern Nebulae" (#160) matches ESO 548-066.

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IC 344 = MCG -01-10-020 = PGC 13568

03 41 29.5 -04 39 58; Eri

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 42°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 30" diameter, diffuse, low even surface brightness. Located 7' WNW of NGC 1417.

13.1" (12/7/85): first of three on a line with NGC 1417 and NGC 1418. Extremely faint, round, very diffuse. Detectable with averted vision only 20% of time. Located 7.3' WNW of NGC 1417.

John Herschel discovered IC 344 = h305 = LM(S) 163 = Sw. 9-13 on 17 Oct 1827 and simply recorded "the first of 3 [with H. II-455 and H. II-456]". His position matches MCG -01-10-020 = PGC 13568, although he assumed this nebula was identical with his father's H. III-569 = NGC 1397. As a result both the GC (756) and NGC (1397) misidentify h305 as H. III-569. h305 (later IC 344) did not receive a separate NGC designation and this is JH's only discovery that has an IC designation. This galaxy was also observed at Birr Castle, though also missed on several occasions.

Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 23 Dec 1889 and reported Sw. 9-13 as "eeF; pL; R; passed in line with 1417-18; cometary; unable to refind it; seeing good. Failed also at Harvard College Observatory [during a visit]." Swift published a note in AN 126, 225 that "in description of nebula no. 13 for "passed" read "1st of 3". Calling attention to apparently so trivial a matter may seen unimportant, but it has more significance than at first sight appears, as I strongly suspect it to have been a comet, as at two subsequent examinations it could not be found. It was in in line with NGC 1417 and 1418 and all three were seen simultaneously." Swift gave an even more detailed review of this object in Astronomy and Astro-Physics (formerly Popular Astronomy, 11 (1892), so he clearly put a lot of effort and time on it. Frank Muller also found IC 344 in late 1887 while measuring positions for NGC 1417 and 1418. He described it as "round, diffuse" and gave a diameter of 1.0'. Dreyer credited both Herschel (h305) and Swift in the IC. Sherburne Burnham measured IC 344 (Publ of Lick Observatory, II) and correctly sorted out the confusion with JH's observation.

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IC 345 = ESO 548-074 = MCG -03-10-032 = PGC 13552

03 41 09.1 -18 18 51; Eri

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 37°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 18" diameter, compact appearance. Located 21' NE of NGC 1407 (brightest member of a group). IC 346 lies 13.5' ENE.

Ormond Stone discovered IC 345 = LM(S) 168 on 22 Oct 1887. The discovery was listed as #168 in the Leander-McCormick Observatory catalogue of Southern Nebulae (1893). His micrometric measurements (3 observations) matches MCG -03-10-032.

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IC 346 = ESO 548-078 = MCG -03-10-035 = PGC 13575

03 41 44.7 -18 16 01; Eri

V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 69°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, contains a very small brighter nucleus surrounded by a 30" core and a very low surface brightness halo that was ill defined, but up to 1' in diameter. IC 345 lies 9' WSW.

Frank Muller discovered IC 346 = LM(S) 171 = Sw. XI-60 on 21 Oct 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His position matches ESO 548-078 and he commented "elongated in PA 80° (WSW-ENE), 1.0'x0.8', mag 15.5, diff." Swift found the ESO galaxy again and reported it as new (#60) in his 11th discovery list. But the IC position was based on Ormond Stone's reported observation on 21 Sep 1889 (#151) and there is nothing at his position.

Herbert Howe suggested Muller's object was identical to Sw. 11-60 and Dreyer made the following note in the IC 2: "The place and description should be 03 35 26, 108° 43.0', eF, pL, E 80°, dif (my mistake). Is no doubt identical with Sw. XI 60; 03 35 13, 108° 39.8'." Dreyer gave no explanation of how the mistake was made, but perhaps he had meant to use Muller's observation instead or he noticed that Swift's observation closely matched Muller's. In any case, Dreyer's corrected position matches object #171 in the Leander-McCormick Southern Nebulae catalogue. Harold Corwin suggests that Stone's erroneous position for #151 may be due to a misidentified offset star.

Both Malcolm Thomson and Wolfgang Steinicke conclude that IC 346 should be classed as nonexistent based on the original IC data, leaving ESO 548-078 without an IC designation. See Courtney Seligman's analysis for more on this confusing situation.

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IC 347 = MCG -01-10-024 = PGC 13622

03 42 32.6 -04 17 55; Eri

V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 40°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 45" diameter, sharply concentrated with a bright small core that increases to the center. A mag 9.8 star is 5' SE.

13.1" (12/7/85): fairly faint, small, almost round, stellar nucleus. Surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy. Located 26' N of NGC 1418 in the NGC 1417 group.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 347 = Sw. 9-14 on 25 Dec 1889 and recorded "eF; vS; R; stellar."

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IC 348 = IC 1985 = Cr 41 = OCL-409 = vdB 19 = LBN 758 = Ced 20

03 44 36 +32 10; Per

V = 7.3; Size 10'x10'

17.5" (12/16/95): IC 348 is an unusual object consisting of a scattered group of stars with associated nebulosity (vdB 19) situated near a large dark cloud virtually devoid of stars. The cluster consists of 15 stars of varying magnitudes in a 6' group and is located 5'-10' S of Omicron = 38 Persei (V = 3.8). The brightest star in the group is mag 8.4 SAO 56680, which has two nearby companions and the group is clearly encased in a fairly bright reflection nebula, ~3' diameter. The star at the southwest end of the cluster is a nice close evenly matched double (STF 437 = 9.8/10 at 11"). The immediate 50' low power field to the south is strangely devoid of almost all stars! (Barnard 3 and 4). Omicron also has a halo but this appears to be scattered light.

Truman Safford discovered IC 348 = Sf. 70 on 1 Dec 1866 and recorded "vL, pB, very gradually brighter middle." He added the footnote "a loose cluster with nebula" and his position is accurate. E.E. Barnard independently discovered the nebulosity near Omicron Persei (though not a cluster) on a plate taken 6 Dec 1893 at Lick Observatory and Dreyer catalogued it again as IC 1985. William Herschel recorded the nearby bright star Omicron Per on 25 Jan 1789 (sweep 905), but failed to note IC 348.

The Lynga position for the scattered cluster is about 8' too far north and this error is repeated in the Sky Catalogue 2000.

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IC 349 = vdB 22 = Ced 19i = Barnard's Nebula

03 46 20.1 +23 56 23; Tau

Size 0.5'

48" (10/31/13): IC 349 is a reflection knot just 36" SSE of Merope. We used 813x and carefully placed Merope barely outside the north edge of the field. The orientation was easy to judge using two 15th magnitude stars 1.8' S and 1.8' SSW of Merope and the elongated glow fell between the diffraction spikes. Despite the glare from Merope making the observation much more difficult, I was surprised this small reflection nebula was fairly bright and elongated (roughly pointing south from Merope) with a straighter western edge, perhaps 20"x10" in size.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 349, a fan-shaped knot of nebulosity just 0.6' SSE of Merope, visually on 14 Nov 1890 using the Lick 36" refractor. It was announced in a discovery note in AN 3018. "On Nov. 14 while examining the cluster, I discovered a new and comparatively bright round cometary nebula close south and following Merope, every precaution was taken to prove that it was not a ghost of Merope by examining the other stars of the group under the same conditions. I have since seen it several times and on Dec. 8th I could see it with some difficulty in the 12-inch by occulting Merope with a wire in the eyepiece. With the great telescope the nebula can be seen fairly well with Merope in the field and is conspicuous when the star is placed just outside the north edge of the field. It is about 30" in diameter, of the 13th mag, gradually brighter in the middle, and very cometary in appearance. It was examined with powers of 300, 520 and 1500, with all of which it was comparatively easy."

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IC 350 = MCG -02-10-010 = PGC 13731

03 44 36.6 -11 48 03; Eri

Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 175°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; pretty faint, round, diffuse, low even surface brightness (no core or zones), 40" diameter. View affected by mag 9.8 HD 23433, which is only 2.2' ENE. Located 29' NW of mag 4.4 Pi Eridani.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 350 = J. 1-119 on 14 Oct 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 30" diameter, very diffuse." His position is accurate.

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IC 351 = PK 159-15.1 = PN G159.0-15.1

03 47 33.0 +35 02 49; Per

V = 11.9; Size 8"x6"; PA = 10°

17.5" (3/1/03): swept up at 100x as a fuzzy mag 12 "star". Nice view at 380x, which reveals a moderate surface brightness 7" disk. Fairly evenly illuminated but the halo has a slightly irregular surface brightness. A mag 15 star is 20" WNW of center with a slightly fainter star further north. Located 3.4' NW of mag 9.5 SAO 56707. A mag 11 and 13 stars complete a trio to the SE.

17.5" (1/8/00): picked up at 100x as an out of focus mag 11 "star". At 220x, this high surface brightness PN was clearly nonstellar and slightly oval with a hint of a sparkle (central star) at the center. At 500x, appeared as a small, well-defined disc, elongated 4:3 SW-NE with dimensions ~7"x5". The quasi-stellar center was brighter with a small, fainter halo that seemed irregular. A couple of faint stars are close west and north. Located 3.5' NW of a distinctive trio of mag 10/11/13 stars.

8" (12/4/80): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE. A wide trio of stars is about 3.5' SE consisting of mag 9 SAO 56707, a mag 10.5 star and a mag 12.5 star (separations of 32", 36" and 58").

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 351 on 5 Dec 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory, while examining the region near Comet Zona. He estimated a diameter of 4.6" and a magnitude of 10.5-11. Sherburne Burnham measured a diameter of 10".

Based on a Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "central star can be made out and is perhaps as bright as mag 14. The nebula shows a minute elliptical disk, which is 8"x6" in PA 10° in a 5 minute exposure. An elongated brighter patch is in the center."

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IC 352 = LEDA 176624

03 47 37.4 -08 43 55; Eri

Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 119°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, fairly small, fairly diffuse, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25" diameter. Mag 9.7 HD 23797, a very unequal and uncataloged double star, is 3' S. HJ 2209, a mag 11.3/13.3 pair at 15" separation, is 12' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 352 = J. 2-589 on 7 Dec 1893. His position matches LEDA 176624, although HyperLeda doesn't associate this number with IC 352.

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IC 355 = MCG +03-10-010 = CGCG 465-010 = PGC 14052

03 53 46.3 +19 58 26; Tau

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 161°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, ~25"x15", low surface brightness. No brighter stars within 12' of the galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 355 = J. 2-590 on 15 Dec 1892 and noted "vF, S, R, 30" diameter, diffuse." He discovered it again on 15 Jan 1904 and included it as J. 1506 in his unpublished 4th list.

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IC 356 = Arp 213 = UGC 2953 = MCG +12-04-011 = PGC 14508

04 07 46.5 +69 48 45; Cam

V = 10.5; Size 5.2'x3.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 90°

48" (2/18/12): bright, large, oval 3:2 E-W, 3.0'x2.0', large brighter core. There appears to be a very slightly brighter streak extending from the core to the southwest. Several stars are superimposed on the halo. UGC 2955 is 9' SSE and PGC 166486 = 2MASX J04083779+6950160 lies 4.7' NE.

17.5" (11/2/91): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 E-W, 2.25'x1.5'. Contains a large brighter core 30" diameter with a fairly faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is embedded in the NE portion of halo. Located 3.5' S of mag 8.6 SAO 13024. IC 356 is one of the brightest IC galaxies.

8" (11/28/81): very faint, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. Located south of a mag 9 star.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 356 on 23 Aug 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His simple eyepiece sketch clearly identifies the neighboring stars. Barnard didn't publish his discovery until 1892 (AN 3097) in response to an independent discovery by William Denning on 7 Nov 1890 (Observatory, 15, 104 (1892)). Barnard's article was titled "Two Probably Variable Nebulae". In the article he mentions "from its brightness it is not possible that it has been so conspicuous for any great length of time, or it would surely have been found by Swift and others."

Both Barnard and Denning are credited in the IC. Denning was a bit peeved about Barnard's late discovery note and wrote "Mr. Barnard claims to have discovered [IC 356] in August 1889 whereas I did not pick it up until Nov 1890. While admitting this claim, I would venture to remark that anyone who makes a discovery ought to be prompt in announcing it, as a delay of several years is very likely to cause misconception and unnecessary trouble to others. I think that in ordinary cases priority of announcement ought to be accepted as priority of discovery." He also questioned Barnard's claim that the nebula had recent brightened, stating "I have picked up this object many times during the last two years without noticing any change in it other than can be fully accounted for by differences in atmospheric conditions."

But perhaps Barnard wasn't the first to discover this galaxy. Swift claimed (Astro-Physics, Vol XI, 566) an earlier discovery before 1879 based on marking the object on his Burritt's star atlas, though he didn't record or remember any particulars, stating he thought his early discoveries were all known!

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IC 357 = UGC 2941 = MCG +04-10-016 = CGCG 487-016 = PGC 14384

04 03 44.0 +22 09 33; Tau

V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175°

24" (2/14/15): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. A mag 12 star lies 1.5' E and two additional stars form an isosceles triangle (sides 2', 2' and 3'). Located 14' WNW of 4.3-magnitude 37 Tauri.

Truman Safford discovered IC 357 = Sf. 73 on 1 Jan 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He reported "F, S, R, Nucl = 13.5m".

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IC 358 = UGC 2940 = MCG +03-11-006 = CGCG 466-009 = PGC 14382

04 03 42.9 +19 53 42; Tau

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 63°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, 45"x12", very small brighter nucleus. The extensions are even thinner, perhaps a width of 6" - 8". A mag 13.6 star is off the SW end [50" from center]. Mag 8.7 HD 25540 lies 7' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 358 = J. 120 on 17 Feb 1892.

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IC 359 = UGC 2980 = MCG +05-10-009 = CGCG 508-008 = PGC 14653

04 12 28.4 +27 42 08; Tau

V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9

17.5" (3/1/03): easily swept up at 100x. At 280x appears faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter core and nucleus. A mag 15 star is just off the WSW edge [26" from center]. A mag 15.5 star is ~1.5' ~1' E (other nearby stars surround the galaxy on the DSS).

This number is incorrectly applied to the reflection nebula GN 04.15.5 = LBN 782 at 04 19.0 +28 17 (2000) in NGC 2000, Lynds, Neckel and Vehrenberg, etc.

Lewis Swift first discovered IC 359 = Sw. 2-29 = Sw. 10-14 on 20 Aug 1885 and reported "vF; pL; R; little brighter in the middle." His position is just 2.7' W (12 seconds of RA) of IC 359. He added a long note: "Resembles a Comet. Moonlight and clouds prevented verification until Sept. 6, when it could not be found. Am certain of its place, and of its configuration with 4 stars. Have examined the place three times and am certain of its absence. Seeing on one occasion as good as when discovered." He also stated in the introduction, "No. 19 [from list I] must therefore be struck out, and with great probability No. 29 of this Catalogue also." As a result, Dreyer didn't assigned Sw. 2-29 an NGC designation.

Swift rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Dec 1891 and recorded "eeF; pL; R; Not no. 29 cat. 2. That is still missing." There is nothing at his position but UGC 2980 lies 1 minute of time west and despite his comment, Sw. 2-29 almost certainly applies to the same object. This galaxy is not identified as IC 359 in MCG (+05-10-009) and IC 359 is misidentified as the reflection nebula GN 04.15.5 = DG 29 = LBN 782 at 04 19.0 +28 17 (2000) in NGC 2000, Lynds, MOL, Neckel and Vehrenberg, etc (private communication with Corwin on 10/3/94). LBN 782 is 6.5 min of RA following Swift's position and according to Dave Riddle, is the tail of cometary nebula Ced 30 = Hubble 4 = Hubble's "nebulous star".

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IC 361 = Cr 48 = Mel 24 = OCL-393 = C 0414+581

04 18 51 +58 15 00; Cam

V = 11.7; Size 6'

18" (11/26/03): very faint cloud of partially resolved stars, ~4' in diameter. A number of fairly uniform mag 14-15 stars are just resolved over haze, though it's difficult to tally a total. A brighter 7' string of mag 11-12 stars oriented NW-SE passes along the north edge of the cluster.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 361 on 10 Oct 1890 with the 6 1/2" refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "In 6 1/2 inch it is apparently a very faint nebula between two or three stars. In 12-inch (175x) it is pL, excessively faint and seems to be an excessively faint cluster or extremely faint stars, with possibly some nebulosity - power too high." His simple sketch shows the cluster on line with two 6th magnitude stars to the southwest and the identity is certain. Barnard never published his discovery or notified Dreyer.

William Denning found it again on 11 Feb 1893 with his 10-inch reflector (see The Observatory, 41, 140). On 14 Sep he logged, "Cluster large and faint. It is really a nebula with minute stars strewn about it. With power 252 the nebulous matter vanishes, but power 40 shows it very conspicuously." Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 362 = MCG -02-11-031 = PGC 14782

04 16 42.4 -12 12 00; Eri

V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.1'; PA = 3°

24" (12/1/16): fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 3:2 N-S, 36"x24", brighter core, very small brighter nucleus with direct vision. Lies ~2' N of a pair of a wide pair [40" separation] of mag 13 stars.

MCG -02-11-030 lies 12' S. This galaxy appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW SE, 30"x18", small bright nucleus. A mag 12 star is 1.3' ESE of center and mag 9.4 HD 27112 is 3' SW. This galaxy has an identical redshift, so apparently is a physical companion.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 362 = J. 1-121 on 14 Oct 1891 and reported "pretty bright, round, 10" diameter". His position is accurate.

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IC 363 = CGCG 392-019 = PGC 14847 = LEDA 2800936

04 18 55.4 +03 01 59; Tau

Size 0.4'x0.4'

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; similar to IC 364, which lies 9.5' NNE. Nearly fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Situated 3.6' SW of a mag 10.1 star [unequal pair].

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 363 on 17 Sep 1890 while measuring double stars with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory. His micrometric offset from a mag 10 star an exact match with this faint galaxy.

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IC 364 = CGCG 392-020 = PGC 14854

04 19 06.7 +03 11 20; Tau

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 72°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 16 star is 40" W. IC 365 is 9.5' N and IC 363 is 9.5' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 364 = J. 2-591 on 6 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.

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IC 365 = MCG +01-11-017 = CGCG 392-021 = PGC 14860

04 19 14.1 +03 20 54; Tau

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 33°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 35"x25", well concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus. IC 364 is 9.5' S and IC 363 is 19' S (collinear). A 24" pair of mag 9/10 star is 6' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 365 = J. 2-592 on 12 Jan 1894.

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IC 366 = CGCG 393-002 = PGC 14887

04 19 41.5 +02 21 35; Tau

Size 0.35'x0.2'; PA = 20°

24" (12/28/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Closest galaxy to NGC 1550 in a large group at z = .012.

24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round, 12" diameter. Located 3.1' SSE of much brighter NGC 1550.

Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 366 on 6 Oct 1890 with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found near NGC 1550 (discovered by d'Arrest) and Burnham noted "That found by d'Arrest [NGC 1550] is at least six or eight times brighter than the other. There is a faint star, about 13m, between the two." His micrometric offset from NGC 1550 is very accurate.

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IC 367 = MCG -02-12-001 = PGC 14917

04 20 41.0 -14 46 52; Eri

V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 45"x15", slightly brighter along the spine of the central part of the major axis. Located 16' SE of mag 7.8 HD 27499.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 367 = J. 1-122 on 7 Dec 1891 and recorded "pB, pL, diffuse." His position matches MCG -02-12-001 = PGC 14917.

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IC 368 = MCG -02-12-009 = PGC 14994

04 22 42.7 -12 36 55; Eri

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 169°

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, slightly brighter core, faint stellar nucleus. A 9' chain of mag 11.5-14 stars oriented SW-NE extends across the east side at 200x (13mm Ethos).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 368 = J. 1-123 on 15 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 369 = MCG -02-12-010 = PGC 15020 = LEDA 146226

04 23 28.2 -11 47 24; Eri

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint and but not difficult, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness with only a weak concentration. Forms a near equilateral triangle with two 13th mag stars 2.6' N and 3.3' ENE. Two 15th mag stars are 2' NE (between the brighter stars). Possible outlying member of AGC 496, centered about 3° SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 369 = J. 1-124 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 370 = MCG -02-12-011 = PGC 15029

04 24 01.7 -09 23 41; Eri

V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 140°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, moderately large, roundish, 40"-45" diameter, diffuse glow of very low surface brightness, no core. Located 15' SW of mag 7.7 HD 27984 and 0.9° NW of NGC 1577.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 370 = J. 2-593 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 372 = LEDA 177340

04 30 04.2 -05 00 36; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 30°

24" (2/24/20): moderately faint, fairly small, small bright nucleus, very faint halo extended 3:2 or 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15". IC 373 is 13' NE. Member of the NGC 1600 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 372 = J. 2-594 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 177340 as IC 372.

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IC 373 = MCG -01-12-013 = PGC 15335

04 30 42.7 -04 52 13; Eri

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.9'; PA = 108°

24" (2/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharp stellar nucleus. Bracketed between a mag 11.8 star 2' N and a mag 10.6 star 2.5' S, with a mag 12.5 star 3' W. Also two mag 8 stars are 7' E and 7' SE. IC 372 is 13' SW.

17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. Gradually increases to a brighter core. In a line of 3 stars oriented N-S and ~2' from two mag 11 stars to the north and south. Located 19' NW of NGC 1600 in a group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 373 = J. 2-595 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 374 = MCG +03-12-001 = CGCG 467-001 = PGC 15474

04 32 32.8 +16 38 03; Tau

Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 85°

17.5" (1/31/87): faint, extremely small, round, brighter core, possibly elongated ~E-W. Visible with direct vision at 220x. Located 3.2' NE of a mag 9 star. Two stars mag 11/12 7' E and 9' ENE are collinear with the mag 9 star. Located 48' W and 7' N of Aldebaran within the Hyades. Appears almost stellar on the POSS.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 374 = Spitaler 4 on 28 Oct 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His position is accurate.

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IC 375 = LEDA 88275

04 31 03.1 -12 58 26; Eri

Size 0.8'x0.55'; PA = 59°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 20"-24" diameter. This member of AGC 496 is situated 8' SE of mag 8.3 HD 28664 on the west side of the galaxy cluster. IC 380 lies 10' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 375 = J. 1-125 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 88275 as IC 375.

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IC 376 = LEDA 952848

04 31 13.8 -12 26 00; Eri

Size 0.6'x0.55'; PA = 50°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, diffuse, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with brighter IC 377 1.5' SE.

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; extremely faint, very small, round, 20", very low surface brightness. Initially, I only noticed brighter and larger IC 377, which is 1.5' SE, but with averted vision IC 376 was occasionally glimpsed clearly. Member of AGC 496.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 376 = J. 1-126, along with IC 377, on 14 Oct 1891. His position is accurate. PGC and HyperLEDA misidentify the larger galaxy to the southeast as PGC 376.

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IC 377 = MCG -02-12-031 = PGC 15366

04 31 16.5 -12 27 18; Eri

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'; PA = 99°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, brighter core, slightly irregular surface brightness. IC 376 is 1.5' NW, PGC 952400 is 4' ESE and IC 378 is 10' NNE.

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round, very diffuse, low even surface brightness, ~30" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 376 1.5' NW. These member of AGC 496 are situated on the NW side of the galaxy cluster.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 377 = J. 1-127, along with IC 376, on 14 Oct 1891. His position corresponds with MCG -02-12-031, although MCG labeled this galaxy as both IC 376-77. PGC uses the first designation IC 376, instead of IC 377, and that error has carried through to HyperLeda and other sources. But IC 376 is a separate galaxy close northwest, correctly placed by Javelle.

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IC 378 = LEDA 954841

04 31 27.9 -12 17 59; Eri

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.45'; PA = 69°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, small, 20" diameter, slightly elongated SW-NE in the direction of a mag 14.5 star at the SW edge. A 12th mag star is 2' NW. IC 377 is 10' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 378 = J. 1-128 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate, although HyperLeda and SIMBAD fail to identify LEDA 954841 as IC 378.

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IC 379 = MCG -01-12-021 = PGC 15428

04 31 50.9 -07 14 18; Eri

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 34°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint but easily visible, round, 30"-35" diameter, low surface brightness, small weak brightening at the center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 379 = J. 2-596 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 380 = MCG -02-12-034 = PGC 15398

04 31 41.3 -12 55 37; Eri

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 75°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Collinear with two equal 10th mag stars 2.4' and 4.2' NE. Probable member of AGC 496. IC 375 lies 10' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 380 = J. 1-129 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 381 = NGC 1530A = UGC 3130 = MCG +13-04-007 = CGCG 347-006 = PGC 15917

04 44 28.5 +75 38 24; Cam

V = 12.3; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4

17.5" (3/1/03): picked up at 100x as a moderately large, low surface brightness galaxy. Brightens somewhat towards the center. A mag 13 star is superimposed near the edge of the halo. At 220x, the star is at the north edge and the galaxy is elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', although the edge of the halo is difficult to define.

William Denning discovered IC 381 on 26 Aug 1889 while comet-seeking at 32x with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector in England. At first he thought it might be identical to NGC 1530, but suspected it was new due to the discrepancy in position. The following year he accidentally ran across NGC 1530 and was certain his find was new. He commented "with a power of 145 it is pretty faint, rather small, and there is a star of the 12th mag. on its N.W. border. Two or three other extremely minute stars closely outlie the object, but they are near the limits of my aperture." IC 381 was called "NGC 1530A" by Philip Keenan's in a table of new nebulae found on Yerkes plates and published in 1935 and deVaucouleurs used this designation in his 1964 Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies.

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IC 382 = MCG -02-12-049 = PGC 15691

04 37 55.5 -09 31 10; Eri

V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 0°

17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter, gradually increases to small bright core. A 10' string of stars extends towards the NW. Appears brighter and larger than NGC 1632 30' ENE! Misidentified in the RNGC as NGC 1632.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 382 = J. 2-587 on 6 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at Nice, France. His position is accurate. RNGC and NGC 2000.0 incorrectly equates IC 382 with NGC 1632. See NGC 1632.

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IC 383 = LEDA 1371560

04 38 58.0 +09 53 33; Tau

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 12" to 15" diameter maximum. Even surface brightness glow with a well defined halo. A mag 12.5 star [3.5" uneven double] is 50" E of center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 383 = J. 2-598 on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate, although HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 1371560 as IC 383.

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IC 384 = LEDA 2816418

04 39 18.3 -07 50 21; Eri

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.45'

24" (12/17/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, sharply defined periphery, good surface brightness. Collinear with a mag 12.6 star 0.5' NNW and a mag 15.2 star 0.8' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 384 = J. 2-599 on 13 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 385 = PGC 15746

04 39 31.5 -07 05 51; Eri

Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 107°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.8'x0.4', bright core, diffuse halo. A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 385 = J. 2-600 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 386 = NGC 1632 = PGC 15769

04 39 58.5 -09 27 23; Eri

V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 40°

17.5" (1/23/93): very faint, small, round, weak concentration, low surface brightness. Located 3.1' SSW of a mag 10.5 star. IC 382 lies 30' WSW. Misidentified in the RNGC as IC 382.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 386 = J. 2-601 on 6 Feb 1893. His position corresponds with PGC 15769. This galaxy is probably NGC 1632, discovered by Frank Muller in 1886. Muller's position is 0.8 minutes too far east, a common error in the Leander McCormick positions. RNGC and NGC 2000.0 identify IC 382 as NGC 1632. Although IC 382 is brighter than IC 386, it is 4' off in declination and so less likely to be Muller's object. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 387 = MCG -01-12-044 = LGG 118-002 = PGC 15831

04 41 44.2 -07 05 10; Eri

V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 81°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 4:3 or 3:2, ~1' diameter, brighter core, very diffuse outer halo. IC 390 lies 9' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 387 = J. 2-602 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 388 = LEDA 1021186

04 41 54.3 -07 18 23; Eri

Size 0.4'x0.4'

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Two mag 15.1 and 14.6 stars are less than 30" SW and 25" SE. A slightly fainter companion just 30" W wasn't noticed in poor seeing and low elevation (observed far west of the meridian). Forms a very close pair with IC 389 1.4' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 388 = J. 1-130 on 28 Jan 1892. There are two very small galaxies just south of his position and his description coupld apply to either or both (as well as nearby faint stars). HyperLeda doesn't identify either of these two galaxies as IC 388.

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IC 389 = MCG -01-12-045 = PGC 15840

04 41 59.6 -07 18 41; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 35" diameter, good surface brightness. IC 388 lies 1.3' W, along with two faint stars that collinear with the galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 389 = J. 1-131 on 18 Jan 1892.

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IC 390 = MCG -01-12-046 = PGC 15844

04 42 03.9 -07 12 23; Eri

V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 39°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; relatively faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, very weak concentration, 0.6'x0.2'. IC 387 lies 9' NW and IC 388 is 6.5' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 390 = J. 1-132 on 28 Jan 1892 and reported "faint, round, 10" diameter." His position is accurate.

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IC 391 = UGC 3190 = MCG +13-04-011 = CGCG 347-009 = PGC 16402

04 57 21.7 +78 11 25; Cam

V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8

17.5" (3/1/03): easily swept up at 100x; fairly faint, moderately large, round, fairly even surface brightness. At 220x, embedded in the middle of a scattered group of stars, 1' diameter, nearly uniform surface brightness, possibly slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.0'x0.9'.

William Denning discovered IC 391 on 7 Nov 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector from England. He simply noted "F, S, R." and measured a fairly accurate position.

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IC 392 = UGC 3158 = MCG +01-13-001 = CGCG 420-002 = LGG 120-014 = PGC 15973

04 46 25.9 +03 30 22; Ori

V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 170°

17.5" (2/11/96): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.0' diameter, even concentration to a very small brighter core. Located 2.3' WNW of a mag 10 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 392 = J. 2-604 on 6 Jan 1894 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches UGC 3158, although neither UGC nor MCG label their equivalent entries s IC 392.

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IC 393 = MCG -03-13-012 = PGC 16028

04 47 51.8 -15 31 31; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (2/23/22): fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 14.6 star is close north [38" from center] and a mag 13.5 star is nearly collinear 1.2' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 393 = J. 1-333 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 395 = NGC 1671 = UGC 3178 = MCG +00-13-015 = Holm 80a = PGC 16095

04 49 34.1 +00 15 10; Ori

V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 130°

17.5" (2/11/96): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 45" diameter. At first appeared elongated but this illusion was caused by a mag 14.5 star at the following edge 25" from center. Another mag 13.5-14 star is 1' W. This galaxy may be NGC 1671 with a very poor position.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 395 = Sw. 9-15 on 20 Oct 1889 and reported "eF; vS; R; F * close f." His position is 10 seconds west of UGC 3178. Howe measured an accurate position around 1900 and noted the faint star follows by 1.5 seconds of time. It is possible NGC 1671 = Sw. 5-63 also refers to this galaxy, though this requires Swift's earlier position to be off by 45 seconds in RA and 1 degree in declination. His description "pB * nr sp" applies, though, to IC 395.

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IC 396 = UGC 3203 = MCG +11-07-002 = CGCG 306-007 = CGCG 307-001 = PGC 16423

04 57 59.0 +68 19 23; Cam

V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°

17.5" (3/1/03): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2, 1.2'x0.8', small bright core is extended NNW-SSE. This galaxy is fairly bright for the IC galaxy and was immediately swept up at 100x.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 396 on 20 Sep 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted a "small, indef, 12 1/2 mag, field marked by 3 or 4 pairs of stars. The neb = 3/4' diameter, somewhat brighter in the middle [difficult to read]." His rough position is off by 16', but he made an accurate field sketch that clearly identifies this galaxy. He later computed an accurate position using the coordinates for his offset star (HD 30530). William Denning independently discovered it just a month later (19 Oct 1890), describing "F, S, R, bright middle to a nucleus, F double star Sf." Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never notified Dreyer.

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IC 398 = MCG -01-13-040 = PGC 16433

04 58 12.6 -07 46 49; Eri

Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 21°

24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 50" major axis, moderate surface brightness, slightly brighter elongated core. A mag 13 .6 star is 50" N of center. Located 17' WNW of NGC 1720.

Frank Muller discovered IC 398 = LM(S) 198 on 13 Dec 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as "Elongated 5° (SSW-NNE), diffuse" with a size of 1.0'x0.4'.

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IC 399 = Mrk 1090 = LGG 123-007 = PGC 16582

05 01 44.1 -04 17 19; Eri

V = 14.8; Size 0.3'x0.3'

48" (11/2/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, 18", fairly high surface brightness with a very small bright nucleus. Located 2.3' SE of the HCG 31 quartet. A mag 11.4 star lies 1.5' NW, between IC 399 and the quartet.

17.5" (2/8/97): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness. This galaxy is located just 2.3' SE of NGC 1741 = HCG 31A and 2.5' SE of a mag 12 star on a line, although it was not listed as a group member. Nevertheless, it is part of the same group, with a similar redshift as HCG 31A, 31B and 31C. These are also part of the larger NGC 1700 group (LGG 123).

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 399 = Spitaler 35 on 25 Feb 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. The MCG and NGC 2000 incorrectly equate IC 399 with NGC 1741. See Malcolm Thomson's IC identification notes.

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IC 401 = Mrk 1092 = MCG -02-13-040 = LGG 126-002 = PGC 16672

05 04 19.6 -10 04 36; Eri

Size 1.6'x0.6'; PA = 56°

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~40"x18", sharply concentrated with a small bright nucleus and low surface brightness extensions (arms). Situated at the midpoint of mag 9.7 HD 32646 4.4' S and a mag 11.6 star 4.2' N.

Arp 187 lies 13' SE. It appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~25"x12", weak concentration. Arp 187, a remnant merger, is a disrupted radio galaxy with radio jets and extremely faint narrow tidal tails to the north and south (not seen).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 401 = J. 2-605 on 9 Feb 1893 and noted "very faint, round, 20" diameter, very small nucleus." His position matches PGC 16672.

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IC 402 = UGCA 99 = MCG -02-13-043 = LGG 126-004 = PGC 16742

05 06 14.8 -09 06 27; Eri

V = 13.7; Size 2.3'x1.5'; PA = 146°

24" (12/20/17): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~30" diameter. A very faint star (mag ~15.5) is at the southwest edge. The halo fades into the background, so the size and shape were difficult to determine. Based on the catalogued magnitude (V = 13.7), this galaxy was fainter than expected. Located 14' ENE of NGC 1779.

Frank Muller discovered IC 402 = LM(S) 212 on 12 Dec 1887. He recorded "irregularly round, diffuse", with an estimated magnitude of 15.5 and diameter 1.5'. His recomputed RA using his offset star matches UGCA 99, although the declination is off by ~1.5'. Still, there are no other nearby objects, so the identification is nearly certain.

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IC 404 = CGCG 446-001 = PGC 16935

05 13 19.6 +09 45 18; Ori

Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 135°

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter. A mag 14 star is just off the SE side [14" from center].

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 404 = J. 2-606 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 405 = Ced 42 = Sh 2-229 = LBN 795 = vdB 34 = Flaming Star Nebula

05 16 12 +34 16; Aur

Size 30'x19'

18" (1/20/07): the Flaming Star Nebula was barely visible without filter as a very low surface brightness hazy region mainly to the north of the mag 6 "runaway star" AE Aurigae. The H-beta filter somewhat increases the contrast of the nebulosity. The haze is brightest in the region surrounding AE and extends mostly in a broad fan for 10'-15' to the north and northeast.

17.5" (2/8/86): the "Flaming Star" nebula is a very faint, large, diffuse nebulosity extending mainly north of AE Aurigae without filter. Enhanced with an H-beta filter.

13.1" (12/7/85): very low surface brightness haze at 62x using an H-beta filter, though nebulosity seen to 15' diameter and extending generally to the north and northeast of AE Aurigae.

13.1" (1/18/85): nebulosity highly suspected on east side of AE Aurigae.

John Martin Schäeberle discovered IC 405 photographically on 21 Mar 1892 using the Willard lens strapped to the 6-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. An announcement ("A Large New Nebula in Auriga") and description was given in PASP, Vol 4, No. 22. Max Wolf also photographed it on 25 Sep 1892 (AN 131 [3130], 159) and in 1903 reported this nebula "looks like a burning body from which several enormous curved flames seem to break out like gigantic prominences". He urged his colleagues to aim their spectroscopes at this "flaming star" - hence the name "Flaming Star Nebula".

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IC 407 = MCG -03-14-013 = PGC 17056

05 17 42.6 -15 31 24; Lep

V = 13.5; Size 1.9'x0.35'; PA = 165°

24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 45"x15", fairly low surface brightness, broad concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. Located 6.7' NNE of mag 8.6 HD 34528.

John Dreyer discovered IC 407 = J. 1-134 on 25 Jan 1875 as an assistant on Lawrence Parsons' 72-inch. His description reads "cE 163.1° [NNW-SSE]. *10m Pos. 200.3°, Dist. 408.5". The orientation and offset to the brighter star (HD 34528) are a perfect match with this galaxy. But Dreyer assumed the observation refered to NGC 1832 (GC 1043), located 1.4° WSW, so he didn't assign a new NGC number.

Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 7 Dec 1891 and called it "faint, little elongated N-S." Javelle measured an accurate position and Dreyer gave him discovery credit, not aware of his own prior discovery.

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IC 408 = IC 2121 = ESO 486-053 = PGC 17110

05 19 44.9 -25 03 52; Lep

V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°

See observing notes for IC 2121. This identification is uncertain.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 408 = Sw. 8-38 on 2 Feb 1889, along with IC 411, while using the 12-inch Lick refractor during a visit to Barnard in California. His description reads "vF; pS; E; 5' n of 8 1/2 mag star." In a note added to his 8th list, Swift wrote, "During an almost momentary use of the 12 inch at Lick Observatory, I detected four nebulae in one field. In response to my query if he could see them, Prof. Barnard replied that he could see six. He gave me the places of two of mine nos. 38-9 [IC 408 and IC 411]. Arriving home too late and the weather being unfavorable, I was unable to get positions of the other two as I expected. From their low altitude and the interference of the eletric street lights, it is doubtful if I shall ever be able to see them from here, and therefore I shall be obliged to depend on the kindness of Prof. Barnard for their places, when they shall again come into favorable position." Barnard includes the positions and descriptions in his logbook, but there is no additional information.

There is nothing at Barnard's position for IC 411 (in list VIII and copied correctly into the IC). Corwin suggests the observation may refer to a double star at 05 18 04.2 -25 10 16. Its position is off by over 5', but there is a mag 7.5 mag star 5.5' SE. I think a more likely possibility is IC 408 refers to IC 2121 (later discovered by Swift on 26 Dec 1897), which is nearly 2 minutes of RA further east and has a mag 7.0 star 4.8' SW.

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IC 409 = MCG +01-14-024 = CGCG 421-026 = PGC 17105

05 19 33.6 +03 19 06; Ori

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 25°

24" (1/28/17): at 450x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated. Contains a stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus offset at the SSW end. Occasionally, a second extremely faint stellar nucleus was glimpsed close northeast. The two nuclei are separated by only 7"! Situated in a busy star field 7.5' SW of mag 9.9 HD 242763.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 409 = J. 2-607 on 12 Jan 1894 and recorded, "pretty bright, nearly round, the central condensation is possibly double." His position matches CGCG 421-026 = PGC 17105.

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IC 410 = Ced 43 = Sh 2-236 = LBN 807

05 22 36 +33 31; Aur

Size 40'x30'

24" (1/4/14): at 125x unfiltered; emission nebulosity was evident surrounding and beyond the borders of open cluster NGC 1893, but only a large patch to the northwest of the cluster stood out well. A UHC filter transformed the nebula to a showpiece and it appeared bright, very large (~30' diameter), very irregular with a large darker patch to the west of the central portion of the cluster. The brightest section of nebulosity was to the NW of the cluster (as noticed without a filter), though mag 9.0 HD 242908 (a hot 04-type star) at the NW tip of the cluster is at the east edge of this bright, 6' circular patch. Somewhat fainter nebulosity enveloped the entire cluster but an extensive field of nebulosity continued south of the cluster for an additional 10'. It was difficult to see a clean edge on the south and west side as the nebulosity seemed to gradually fade away, but the entire diameter was at least 25'.

The cometary "Tadpoles" nebulae Simeis 130 and 129, which contain recently minted stars, lie on the east end of the cluster. The "head" of Simeis 130 was immediately picked up at 200x as a very small, fairly high surface brightness knot with at least one star involved. At 260x and 375, two very close "stars" oriented WSW-ENE were embedded in the glow, with the ENE object quasi-stellar (would not focus to a sharp point) and perhaps a very tight pair. Although impressive on images, there was no sign of the wavy tail extending from the "head" towards the NE. Mag 9.1 BD+33 1028, 3' E of Simeis 130, along with a 6' group of a half-dozen mag 10-11 stars, were visually detached to the NE of the main cluster.

13.1" (1/18/85): very faint nebulosity involved with open cluster NGC 1893. The brightest portion is at the NW edge of cluster. A dark "hole" is just south of this nebulosity. More extensive nebulosity is suspected but difficult to confirm due to the general background haze of the cluster. Enhanced with UHC and OIII filters.

13.1" (2/25/84): nebulosity is evident preceding the NW star of the triangle of stars surrounding the cluster. Very faint but definite with a filter in poor transparency.

Max Wolf discovered IC 410 on 25 Sep 1892 on a Heidelberg plate. In AN 3130, p159, he noted the plate revealed a group of stars and a large nebula surrounding the star BD +33°1023. His position matches the brightest star (mag 9.0 HD 242908) in the nebula. NGC 1893 refers only to the open cluster, which was discovered by John Herschel.

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IC 411 = ESO 486-056 = MCG -04-13-011 = PGC 17130

05 20 18.6 -25 19 28; Lep

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 129°

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 35"x25". The surface brightness is moderate and fairly even. A number of brighter stars are in the field, particularly to the east. Located 16' SE of mag 7.0 HD 34867. IC 2121 lies 21' NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 411 = Sw. 8-39 on 2 Feb 1889, along with IC 408, while using a 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory during a visit to E.E. Barnard. His description reads "vF; pS; R." and the position (measured by Barnard) is within 45" of ESO 486-056. See IC 408 for more on his observation at Lick.

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IC 412 = IC 2123 = UGC 3298 = MCG +01-14-034 = CGCG 421-041 = VV 225b = VV 630 = WBL 114-002 = PGC 17180

05 21 56.7 +03 29 11; Ori

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°

48" (10/27/19): IC 412 and IC 413 form an interacting pair (VV 225) with the centers separated by 35" WNW-ESE. A mag 12.3 star only 30" NE forms a small triangle with the two galaxies. At low power (375x), IC 412 appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 25"x16", with a bright elongated core or bar. We didn't try higher power to resolve the spiral arm extending north.

24" (1/12/13): both members of this interacting pair (VV 225) are fairly faint, small, roughly 20"-25" in size, and each contains small bright cores. IC 412, the northwest component, is larger and more elongated , roughly 5:3 SW-NE, 25"x15". IC 413 is just off the ESE side, 35" between centers. A mag 12.3 star is 30" ENE (at the north edge of IC 413). The stretched spiral arm or tidal tail to the north was not seen. The pair is 14' WSW of the bright double 23 Ori = STF 696 (5.0/7.2 at 32"). IC 414 lies 8.5' S.

Member of a group (WBL 114 = LGG 130) at a distance of ~180 million l.y. with UGC 3294, 34' WNW. This spiral appeared moderately bright and large, contains a very diffuse, low surface brightness halo perhaps 1.3'x0.6' NW-SE with a small brighter core that increases to a stellar nucleus. The outer halo changes appearance with averted vision (no sharp edge) based on what part catches my averted vision. Situated 4' W of mag 6.5 HD 34959 and the glare affects the view -- best with star placed outside the field.

17.5" (12/26/00): this is the northwest member of an unusual close pair of interacting galaxies with IC 413 -- just 35" separation (in PA 115°) and both members appearing to extend from a mag 12 star (30" from centers to star)! Both galaxies are faint, very small, slightly elongated, ~25"x15", with small brighter cores. IC 412 is elongated SSW-NNE and 30" SW of the mag 12 star - with the NE end just west of the star. Located 6' SSW of mag 7.6 SAO 112679 and 14' WSW of the (32") mag 5/7 double 23 Orionis. A third galaxy, IC 414, is in the field 8.5' S, forming the poor galaxy cluster WBL 114.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 412, along with IC 413, on 30 Oct 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch telescope of Lick Observatory. He noted "the nebulae are very small, roundish, mbM. Close south of a small star." His field sketch confirms the identification. Sherburne Burnham, who discovered nearby IC 414, also observed and measured the pair at Lick Observatory (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). Stephane Javelle independently found the pair on 12 Jan 1894 and Barnard and Javelle are both credited with the discovery in the IC 1.

But Barnard must have later sent his original discovery to Dreyer, who assigned it as IC 2123 using Barnard's notebook description from 1888. There are similar cases where Barnard sent a discovery to Dreyer after it already had been assigned an IC desingation. Dreyer apparently missed the nearly identical positions.

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IC 413 = IC 2124 = UGC 3299 = MCG +01-14-035 = CGCG 421-042 = VV 225a = VV 630 = WBL 114-003 = PGC 17181

05 21 58.9 +03 28 56; Ori

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 135°

48" (10/27/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, very slightly elongated, 24"x20", sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 12.3 star is only 0.4' N of center. Forms an interacting pair with IC 412 just 0.6' NW.

24" (1/12/13): this is the southeast component of the close interacting pair VV 225. At 375x it appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~22"x17", sharply concentrated with a very small, high surface brightness nucleus. A mag 12.3 star is just 25" N of center and a mag 16.2 star is 46" SSW. IC 412 is just 35" NW and roughly similar in appearance. IC 414 lies 8.5' S.

17.5" (12/26/00): the southeast member of an unusual interacting pair (tidal tails on DSS image) of similar galaxies with IC 412 just 35" NW and both galaxies straddle a mag 12 star! IC 413 appears similar to IC 412 - ~25"x15", slightly elongated NW-SE with a small brighter core. The northwest tip of the galaxy is virtually in contact with the mag 12 star.

See notes for IC 412 = IC 2123.

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IC 414 = MCG +01-14-033 = CGCG 421-040 = WBL 114-001 = PGC 17179

05 21 55.0 +03 20 31; Ori

Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 135°

24" (2/5/13): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 24"x18", weak concentration. Located 8.5' S of the interacting pair VV 225 = IC 412/413.

17.5" (12/26/00): faint, small, round, 25" diameter. Located 9' S of the IC 412/413 pair and 2' NW of mag 9.4 SAO 112675.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 414 on 8 Nov 1891 with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory while sweeping for IC 412 and 413. The latter pair was discovered earlier by Barnard using the 12-inch at Lick.

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IC 415 = LEDA 2816473

05 21 21.6 -15 32 34; Lep

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 155°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, small, round, moderately high surface brightness, easily visible continuously. A mag 9.2 star (HD 35126) is 10' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 415 = J. 1-135 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate although HyperLeda and SIMBAD don't recognize LEDA 2816473 as IC 415.

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IC 416 = MCG -03-14-014 = PGC 17229

05 23 56.4 -17 15 37; Lep

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 68°

24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint but easy, elongated ~5:3 WSW-ENE, 0.5'x0.3', fairly low and even brightness. Located 19' SSW of mag 5.65 HD 35505.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 416 = J. 2-610 on 18 Feb 1893 and recorded, "faint, poorly defined, little elongated, gradually condensed." His position matches MCG -03-14-014 = PGC 17229.

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IC 417 = LBN 804 = Sh 2-234 = Ced 46

05 28 06 +34 26; Aur

Size 13'x10'

18" (1/20/07): large, irregular faint haze, ~8'-9' diameter. Involved with open cluster Stock 8 (35-40 stars at 115x) in the field of 5.2-magnitude Phi Aurigae. Mild contrast gain with a UHC filter. NGC 1931 lies 45' ESE and NGC 1907 is 53' N.

17.5" (2/9/02): this large HII region encases the open cluster Stock 8 and is situated ~6' SE of 5th magnitude Phi Aurigae. At 140x, the cluster consists of 40-50 stars including two mag 10 (the brightest is the wide double STF 707 = 9.7/11.4 at 18") and numerous mag 12-14 stars. With a UHC filter (or OIII filter at 100x), the cluster is encased in a moderately bright glow, ~8'x5'. The nebulosity is brightest in a triangular wedge, tapering towards the south with the two mag 10 stars oriented N-S (2' separation) along the western boundary. The glow is irregular but has a fairly sharp border along the western edge.

8" (12/6/80): faint nebulosity involved with three stars mag 9-11 including STF 707 = 9.7/11.4 at 18". The brightest portion is located 8' SE of Phi Aurigae (V = 5.1). Embedded in the open cluster Stock 8.

Max Wolf discovered IC 417 on 25 Sep 1892 on a Heidelberg plate. In AN 3130 (131), p159, he noted a "vast nebula envelopes the star cluster" and his position is within the cluster.

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IC 418 = PK 215-24.1 = PN G215.2-24.2 = HD 35914 = Spirograph Nebula = Raspberry Nebula

05 27 28.2 -12 41 50; Lep

V = 9.0; Size 14"x11"

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; the bright central star was clearly surrounded by a sharply defined small ring with a dark rose color. Switching to 260x, the color was more evident and saturated.

48" (2/18/12): at 488x, the sharply defined, vivid raspberry annulus appeared relatively thin and extended NNW-SSE, ~14"x12". The high contrast central dark hole was striking surrounding the bright central star. Surrounding the annulus is a faint outer halo, increasing the size to roughly 20".

48" (4/2/11): truly impressive view at 375x and 488x, which revealed a very high surface brightness, slightly elongated halo, ~14"x12", surrounding the very bright central star. I was surprised to see the planetary was clearly annular with a very bright, irregular rim that varied slightly in thickness and a fairly high contrast darker hole surrounding the central star. The ring's outer rim was a shocking, deep raspberry color. The color was more intense at 375x and slightly more saturated along one-half of the annulus.

18" (1/26/09): striking view at 175x with the mag 10.5 central star blazing within a 10" disc with a crisply defined halo. Excellent contrast gain using an H-beta filter with the central star nearly lost with the high surface brightness disc. There appeared to be a very faint, thin envelope surrounding the main 10" disc extending a few arc seconds. At 285x, the planetary is slightly oval NNW-SSE with subtle variations in surface brightness; slightly weaker around the central star and slightly brighter along portions of the rim.

18" (1/15/07): at 115x, the bright mag 10.5 central star is surrounded by a small 10" disc with a noticeable raspberry tint.

17.5" (2/22/03): at 100x, the bright 10.5 magnitude central star was centered in a 10" round halo with a definite rosy or raspberry tint at the outer edge of the halo, though the effect is fairly subtle. Using an H-beta filter, the central star was strongly dimmed but the halo was significantly enhanced, dramatically changing the view of this planetary. At 380x, no color was visible but the halo was a bit asymmetrical with a "softer" edge and possible double shell structure. The center was very slightly darker around the central star.

17.5" (12/30/99): at 82x the mag 10.5 central star was enveloped in a very small round halo which appeared to have a slight reddish tinge at its edge. This is a low-excitation PN and using a H-beta filter, the halo brightened and the central star faded, leaving a more noticeable disc. At 220x, the prominent central star was surrounded by a well-defined 10" halo that partially "blinked" on and off switching from averted to direct vision. At 280x, the small halo was possibly surrounded by an extremely faint envelope, but this could not be confirmed. 380x and 500x presented a superb view of the inner disc which appeared weakly annular.

17.5" (3/8/97): unusually bright mag 10.5 central star surrounded by a small high surface brightness halo. At 220x, this planetary has a distinct "blinking" effect; staring at central star partially washes out the halo and with averted the halo is more dominant. At 82x, an unusual rosy tinge is evident at the edge of the small halo, although the effect was fairly subdued. The seeing was not steady enough for high power viewing of the outer shell.

17.5" (10/12/85): high surface brightness planetary, appears very bright at 481x. Contains a bright "fuzzy" central star with a bright inner portion surrounded by a second fainter shell slightly elongated N-S.

13.1" (10/20/84): very bright, small, takes 350-410x well, bright central star, subtle shell structure.

8" (2/23/22): at 95x, the PN was nearly stellar, appearing as fuzzy mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x, a small well-defined disc surrounded the bright central star. At 229x with a careful look, the halo could just be resolved as annular. A perfect very small ring!

8" (2/5/81): nearly stellar at 100x, bright, appears as a mag 10 star with a small, faint bluish halo.

24" (1/23/22): Using the Televue Night Vision device (Gen3 White Phosphor) with a 6nm H-alpha filter at 286x: the rim was extremely bright and sharply defined, forming a striking annulus (slightly elongated) around the central star. It reminding me of a small, high contrast view of M57, though the relative thickness of the rim was noticeably less.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 418 on an objective-spectrum plate taken on 26 Mar 1891 (probably by Solon Bailey at Harvard's temporary station at Chosica, Peru or by William Pickering at Arequipa). In a note dated 20 Jun 1891 and published in Astronomische Nachricten 128, p.11, Mina described the H-beta line as "unusually large as compared with the line whose wavelength is 5007 [OIII], the visual spectrum differs strikingly from that of other planetary nebulae." Dreyer credited Pickering with the discovery in the IC.

W.W. Campbell, who credited Fleming with the discovery, made the first visual observation. In 1891 he reported "it is a beautiful object as seen in the 36-inch telescope [Lick], consisting of a 9th magnitude star surrounded by a circular disc of blue light nearly 15" in diameter."

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported, "central star of mag 19, surrounded by a bright somewhat elliptical ring 14"x11" in outside diameter, and about 12"x10" along its central line; pa 163°." Walter Scott Houston made an observation in 1945 using a 10" reflector.

A star is plotted at this position on the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas because the BD catalogue included the central star.

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IC 420 = vdB 44

05 32 09.5 -04 31; Ori

Size 8'

18" (2/19/09): large, extremely faint reflection nebula surrounding mag 8.2 HD 36540. Appears roughly 6' in diameter. The surrounding field seems weakly luminous, but the glow surrounding the star is slightly more evident and extends roughly to mag 8.8 HD 36559 located 4.5' SE. Located 45' W of the bright, scattered cluster NGC 1981 and 50' NW of the bright nebulous cluster NGC 1977 (north of M42).

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 420 = HN 63 on 27 Jun 1888 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate. She noted "very faint nebulosity preceding and a little south of DM -4°1162. Not confirmed by Plate 2414." Edward Pickering announced the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.

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IC 421 = UGCA 111 = MCG -01-15-001 = PGC 17407

05 32 08.5 -07 55 05; Ori

Size 3.2'x2.8'; PA = 80°

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, very large, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~2' diameter, broad fairly weak concentration, so the surface brightness of this reddened galaxy is fairly low. A wide double star (HJ 2271 = 10/11.5 at 19") is 6.4' NNW. MCG -01-15-002 = VV 848 is 14' NE. This disrupted galaxy appeared faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 24"x18", contains a slightly brighter nucleus. The tidal tail to the southwest was not seen.

17.5" (2/14/99): very faint, moderately large low surface brightness glow, ~2' diameter, very weak concentration, ill-defined halo fades into background. A mag 13 star lies 2.3' ESE of center. The galaxy is collinear with two wide brighter unequal pairs 6' NNW and 13' NNW.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 421 = HN 66 on 27 Jun 1888 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate of the M42 region. She described a "faint nebulosity about 2' in diameter." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals (1890AnHar..18..113P) and he was credited with the discovery in the IC. The published position is 10' too far south. MCG failed to label -01-15-001 as IC 421.

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IC 422 = IC 2131 = MCG -03-15-001 = PGC 17409

05 32 18.6 -17 13 26; Lep

Size 0.95'x0.9'

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus within a bright core. A mag 13 star is 1' SE and mag 8.2 HD 36715 is 10' ESE.

LEDA 885859, situated just 3.4' SSE, was faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 18"x12", gradually increases to the center. IC 422 and this galaxy have identical redshifts, so appear to form a physical pair.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 422 = J. 2-611 on 19 Feb 1893. His position matches MCG -03-15-001 = PGC 17409. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 16 Oct 1896 and reported it as new (#80 in list XI). His position is 4' too far SW, but when Dreyer catalogued it as IC 2131, the position was modified and falls at the west edge of IC 422. Corwin notes that Swift apparently send Dreyer a better position, though the equivalence with IC 422 was not picked up. So, IC 422 = IC 2131.

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IC 423 = LBN 913 = Ced 52

05 33 24 -00 37 00; Ori

Size 6'x4'

17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, large, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~5' diameter. A couple of mag 12.5 stars are superimposed. The edges fade into the background. Photographically, this reflection nebula has an irregular ring shape. Located 28' SE of mag 2.2 Delta Orionis (top star in Orion's Belt). Nearby IC 424 to the NE was not noted, though observed on 2/19/09.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 423 = HN 58 on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. She noted a "irregular oval ring having diameters 3' by 5'. The position angle of the larger axis is about 165°." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P) and is credited with the discovery in the IC. Fleming examined photographs taken with the Bache telescope, an 8-inch f/5.5 doublet covering 10 degrees square, with a magnifying glass.

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IC 424

05 33 36 -00 25; Ori

Size 2.0'x1.0'

18" (2/19/09): faint, fairly small reflection nebula, ~2' in diameter. Involving 4 or 5 stars with the two brightest at mag 13-14 forming a 35" pair oriented E-W. Located 3' NE of mag 8.3 HD 36683 and 25' ESE of mag 2.2 Mintaka (Delta Orionis). IC 423 (observed previously) is located 12' SSW.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 424 = HN 56 on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. Edward C. Pickering announced the discovery in the 1908 Harvard Annals publication and he is credited with the discovery in the IC. IC 423 was described as a "Nebula about 2' in diameter, brightest on the following side."

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IC 426 = LBN 921 = Ced 55j

05 36 31 -00 17 54; Ori

Size 5'x5'

18" (11/22/03): at 115x, surprisingly large reflection nebula just following a mag 8.6 star. Appears ~7'x5' in diameter and oval E-W, though the outline is ragged. There are a number of brighter stars nearby and the nebula is situated northeast of a distinctive N-S chain of 5 stars mag 8.6-10. A distinct border runs E-W just following the mag 8.6 star. An OIII filter killed the nebula, though I didn't try either a UHC or H-beta filter. Located 1° NNE of Alnilam (middle star in Orion's belt).

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 426 = HN 57, along with IC 423 and 424, on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. Edward C. Pickering reported the discovery in the 1908 Harvard Annals publication and he is credited with the discovery in the IC. IC 423 was described as a "faint nebula about 5' in diameter."

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IC 427

05 36 16 -06 38.1; Ori

24" (2/15/23): at 125x; nearly the whole field surrounding NGC 1999 seems weakly luminous, but a ~4' circle around a mag 10.6 star (involved with IC 427) is enhanced in comparison to the region between two mag 9.8 stars 7' and 10' to the SW.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 427 = HN 67, along with IC 428, on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate on 27 Jun 1888. Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). She noted No. 15 as "A large patch of faint nebulosity, probably connected with No. 12 [NGC 1976]. [NGC] 1999 is near here, but the description given is unlike that of this object."

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IC 428 = Bernes 120

05 36 23 -06 27 01; Ori

18" (2/5/11): at 108x, this difficult reflection nebula appears as a very faint, hazy glow just west of mag 8 HD 37210, which detracts from viewing. A mag 11 star appears to be involved. Located 15' N of NGC 1999.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 428 = HN 64, along with IC 427, on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "perhaps this object should have been included with No. 15 [IC 427]." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).

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IC 429 = PP 37 = V883 Ori

05 38 19.2 -07 02 24; Ori

18" (1/21/04): this cometary nebula appears as a very weak, small enhancement, ~10" diameter, about 2' NE of a wide pair of mag 13 stars located 13' NW of mag 4.8 49 Orionis. At moments it appeared stellar or an extremely faint star is involved. Located at the northwest tip of reflection nebula IC 430, which extends primarily to the northwest of mag 4.8 49 Orionis

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 429 = J 2-612 on 6 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. Dave Riddle noted the equivalence with Parsamian-Petrossian 37.

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IC 430 = Ced 55k

05 38 33.2 -07 05 07; Ori

Size 11'x11'

18" (1/21/04): very faint, fairly large low surface brightness glow to the northwest of mag 4.8 49 Orionis, ~4'. Extends to a wide pair of mag 13 stars. This reflection nebula needs to be reconfirmed as the bright star may have confused the observation. See IC 429, which lies at the northwest tip of IC 430.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 430 = HN 65 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted a "nebulous band 3' wide extending 10' north preceding from DM -7° 1142." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P)."

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IC 431 = LBN 944 = vdB 50

05 40 13.5 -01 27 45; Ori

Size 5'x3'

24" (1/1/19): at 200x; fairly faint reflection nebula surrounding mag 7.8 HD 37674, round, perhaps 3' diameter. The glow was evident comparing to similar mag stars. A brighter mag 7.1 star (HD 37660) is 3' NW and mag 10 stars lie to the S and SW. IC 432, a brighter reflection nebula, is 11' ESE.

17.5" (12/26/00): very faint, hazy glow surrounding mag 7.7 SAO 132436 and 11' WNW of brighter IC 432, which encases a mag 7.5 star. Located 30' NNW of Zeta Orionis!

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 431 = HN 61 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted "nebulosity surrounding DM -1° 1001." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).

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IC 432 = LBN 946 = vdB 51= Ced 55m

05 40 56.3 -01 30 26; Ori

Size 8'x4'

24" (1/1/19): at 200x; moderately bright, large, irregularly round, ~4' diameter, surrounding mag 7.2 HD 37776. A mag 12.6 star is ~40" W and a very faint star is at the east edge. IC 431 is 11' WNW.

13.1" (1/11/86): very faint glow surrounding mag 7.5 SAO 132446, diffuse appearance. Located 27' N of Zeta Orionis. Observation made through thin clouds.

8" (12/6/80): faint, diffuse, 4' diameter, envelops a mag 8 star.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 432 = HN 60 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted "well-marked nebulosity surrounding DM -1° 1005. Unlike most nebulous stars, the nebulosity does not fade away towards the edges. It looks rather like an irregular oval nebula on which a star was superimposed." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).

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IC 433 = MCG -02-15-008 = PGC 17580

05 40 31.3 -11 39 56; Lep

V = 13.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, round, 30" diameter, small slightly brighter nucleus. Located 30' W of mag 7.0 HD 38072.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 433 = J. 2-613 on 18 Feb 1893. His reduced position is about 1/2' too far north.

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IC 434 = Ced 55n = Sh 2-277 = LBN 953

05 41 00 -02 24; Ori

Size 60'x10'

24" (2/13/18): I was surprised to easily pick up the IC 434 strip extending south of Zeta Orionis unfiltered at 124x (21mm Nagler). Although the Horsehead wasn't prominently visible, I could also see the notch unfiltered!

13.1" (1/11/86): using an H-beta filter IC 434 appears a very faint, very large, very elongated strip of nebulosity running south of Zeta Orionis for almost one degree in a N-S direction. There is a well-defined sharp edge along the east side while the west side fades off into the background. Contains the famous dark nebula B33 = "Horsehead Nebula" as a dark "notch". IC 434 extends beyond NGC 2023 off the east edge and the star density drops off significantly east of IC 434 whereas a number of faint stars are pepper the field to the west of IC 434. This is one of the few emission nebulae that responds very well to a H-Beta filter. Extremely difficult without filter.

24" (1/21/12): the view of the Horsehead through a 24" f/4.1 Starmaster using a Collins I3 image intensifier mated with a narrowband H-alpha filter at the Mauna Kea visitor center (9300') was absolutely stunning. The outline stood out in extremely sharp relief like a photograph and the dark cloud was pitch black against the bright background. I'm not sure of the magnification used but the field was 30' or less and the Horsehead was large enough to show exquisite detail in the outline.

17.5" (12/26/00 and 12/28/00): at 100x using an H-beta filter, the huge IC 434 strip was very prominent and easy to follow south from Zeta Orionis throughout the entire 50' field of view. The boundary was razor-sharp along its eastern edge against a background sky darkened by the H-beta filter. The Horsehead was very easy to view as a nearly black, semi-circular 4' indentation that protruded into the nebulosity. With averted vision there was a short extension or knob on the north side. This forms the snout of the horse and with concentration faint nebulosity is visible just below (east) of the snout.

17.5" (10/8/88): easily held with direct vision using the H-beta filter. The head or snout protrudes to the north.

17.5" (9/14/85 and 10/12/85): the Horsehead Nebula appears as a jet black dark nebula using an H-beta filter at 84x superimposed against the fairly prominent emission nebula IC 434. Appears as a semi-circular indentation or "bite" of 5' diameter along the sharply defined eastern edge of IC 434 "strip" which extends through field in a N-S orientation. Significant contrast gain with and H-Beta filter which renders the background sky and B33 extremely dark. Difficult to see the "snout" feature which protrudes to the north but it is detectable. Mag 8.5 SAO 132451 lies 8' N.

13.1" (1/18/85): visible with direct vision with H-Beta filter and striking with averted. The snout was suspected. The contrast between B33 and the sky was high with the background jet black and sharply outlined against the easy glow of IC 434. Best view with 24mm.

13.1" (1/28/84): IC 434 seen as a long thin strip at 62x + H-beta filter; Horsehead faintly visible as a dark indentatin on E edge near two faint stars.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 434 on Harvard College Observatory plates in 1883. Edward Pickering announced the discovery (along with a number of other Orion nebulae) in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). She also described the dark notch (later dubbed the "Horsehead") as "A large nebulosity extending nearly south the Zeta Orionis for about 60'. More intense and well marked on the following side with a semicircular indentation 5' in diameter 30' south of Zeta. All good plates of this region show this object, and it has been used here as a test for some time." Dreyer didn't mention the "indentation" in the IC description.

Harold Corwin comments that "Some people have suggested that it was actually found by William Herschel. This is not true; WH's comment (see Latusseck, J. Astron. Data 14, 4, 2008 where it is reprinted) "Wonderful black space included in Nebulosities" refers to NGC 2024, not to IC 434."

But Wolfgang notes that on 1 Feb 1786 (sweep 518), Herschel recorded a large region of nebulosity extending roughly 2° north-south, not far east of IC 434. He noted "I am pretty sure the places of which these are the boundaries are all full of diffused milky nebulosity; but notwithstanding I used every means of ascertaining it by motion of the telescope, my range was neither far enough, nor sufficiently quick to put it beyond doubt. Caroline assigned it the general (internal) discovery number 1321, which became H. V 35 (first of 4 different fields associated with that designation). Wolfgang Steinicke feels it may apply to IC 434, though Herschel's RA is about 3 minutes too large, so this identification is very uncertain.

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IC 435 = Ced 55q

05 43 00.6 -02 18 45; Ori

Size 5'x3'

24" (1/1/19): at 200x; bright reflection nebula surrounding mag 8.3 38087, large, round, 3' to 4' diameter, moderately high surface brightness, seems brighter close to the star, though this may be due to glare. Located 20' ESE of NGC 2023.

13.1" (1/18/85): at 88x with OIII filter (wrong filter to use) appears as a very faint and difficult circular nebulosity surrounding mag 8.3 SAO 132478. Located 20' ESE of bright NGC 2023.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 435 = HN 59 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "Nebulosity surrounding DM -2°1350." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.

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IC 437 = LEDA 90030

05 51 37.4 -12 33 54; Lep

Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 7°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, extended N-S, quite easy to pick up in the field. Increasing to 375x; elongated 2:1 N-S, brighter core, a dim mag 16 star is at the south tip.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 437 = J. 2-614 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate. Identified as LEDA 90030 in both HyperLEDA and SIMBAD (no IC designation).

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IC 438 = UGCA 115 = ESO 555-009 = MCG -03-15-025 = LGG 134-003 = PGC 18047

05 53 00.1 -17 52 34; Lep

V = 12.0; Size 2.8'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°

17.5" (3/8/97): fairly faint, moderately large, nearly 2' diameter. Appears as a diffuse roundish glow with a very weak, broad concentration. A mag 14.5 star is attached at the NE end, 1.0' from the center. A 1' pair of mag 10 stars precedes by 3.5'. Located 8' SSE of mag 8.6 SAO 150914. Forms a pair with IC 2151 7.7' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 438 = Sw. 10-15 on 7 Jan 1891 and recorded "eeF; pS; E in meridian; wide D * nr preceding." He found it again on 7 Oct 1897 and described Sw. 11-88 as "vF; pL; R; v wide D * near p[receding]." Howe noted the equivalence in his survey of IC objects (Monthly Notices, Nov. 1900) and also discovered nearby IC 2151.

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IC 440 = UGC 3427 = MCG +13-05-021 = PGC 18807

06 19 13.3 +80 04 07; Cam

V = 13.3; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 36°

24" (2/8/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, sharply concentrated with a fairly high surface brightness core ~25" diameter. Very low surface brightness extensions were barely glimpsed extending SSW-NNE. A mag 14.2 star is just off the southwest edge. Located just off the line connecting mag 9.0 star (HD 41373) 6.8' SW and a mag 8.3 star (HD 42249) 9' NE.

UGC 3404, situated 14' WSW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. An extremely low surface brightness outer halo wasn't seen. Located 14' WSW of IC 440. UGC 3396 lies 11.6' WSW. Several stars are nearby including a mag 10.7 star just 1.8' N.

UGC 3396, situated 26' WSW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 9.7 star is 2.8' N.

William Denning discovered IC 440 on 16 Nov 1890 while comet hunting in Camelopardus with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He noted "vF, S" and his position matches UGC 3427.

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IC 441 = MCG -02-16-001 = PGC 18315

06 02 42.6 -12 29 57; Lep

Size 1.4'x1.1'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; very faint, moderately large, ill-defined glow, ~45", difficult to estimate size as fades into background. A dim mag 15 star is at the W edge and a mag 11 star is 2' NW. Located 11' E of mag 8.9 HD 41015.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 441 = J. 2-615 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 442 = UGC 3470 = MCG +14-04-003 = CGCG 362-022 = CGCG 363-005 = PGC 19306

06 36 11.9 +82 58 06; Cam

V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9

24" (1/25/22): at 228x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~3:2, ~45"x30" [N-S], brighter along the major axis, probably because of the unresolved double nuclei. Situated in a pretty rich star field. The seeing was too soft to use high power to resolve the nuclei at only 8" separation.

24" (2/7/16): IC 442 was picked up at 228x (10mm ZAO) as a fairly faint, fairly small round glow, ~18" diameter. Adding a 2x Powermate (452x), two extremely close nuclei [separated by 8"] were resolved within the halo! The nucleus in the south-southwest part of the halo (PGC 2787456) was almost seen continuously in periods of fairly steady seeing, while the north-northeast nucleus (PGC 19306) was a bit more subtle. Both were stellar or quasi-stellar and towards the outer edges of the halo.

William Denning discovered IC 442 on 9 Nov 1890 while comet seeking in Camelopardus with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He noted "F, S, R, mbM"

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IC 443 = LBN 844 = Sh 2-248 = Ced 73 = Simeis 40 = SNR G189.1+03.0 = Jellyfish Nebula

06 16 54 +22 47; Gem

Size 50'

18" (2/23/06): easily visible at 73x and OIII filter. The brightest portion is a 5' elongated strip that very gently curves WNW-ESE. Faint haze extends out from this strip towards the south and west. An extremely faint extension of the strip continues to the SE and curves towards an obtuse triangle of three stars, increasing the length of the edge of the shell to over 10'.

17.5" (1/16/02): at 64x and OIII filter, the most prominent section of this supernova remnant is a gently curving band of nebulosity oriented NW-SE, ~10'x3' with a well-defined edge along the eastern (bowed-out) boundary. A larger region of low surface brightness haze, ~20' in size, spreads out to the west of the northern end. At the SE end, the band dims and seems to hook to the SW towards a small arrowhead of stars. Located ~2.5 degrees SE of M35 and following mag 3.3 Eta Geminorum.

17.5" (2/13/88 and 1/20/90): at 82x with OIII filter this supernova remnant appears moderately bright, large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE. Appears a bit larger and brighter at the NW end. Much fainter nebulosity is close south off the west end and a couple of mag 10 stars are superimposed. Surprisingly easy to view with an OIII filter.

13.1" (1/18/85): at 62x with filter, appears as a very faint elongated strip of nebulosity, perhaps 10' in length. Not visible without a filter.

Max Wolf discovered IC 443, along with IC 444, on 25 Sep 1892 with a 2 1/4" lens. In AN 3130 (1892), he recorded finding "[Two] Very extended and bright nebulous masses are visible there [near Mu and Eta Geminorum], which very roughly have their centers at approximately 6h 14m +24° [IC 444] and 6h 08m +22° [IC 443]."

E.E. Barnard independently discovered these two nebulae in 1894. He reported in "Astronomy and Astro-Physics", Vol 8, No. 3, "On this same plate [taken on 1 Feb 1894 with a 2h 10m exposure] is a faint narrow curved nebulosity [IC 443] in about, 1860.0, 6h 8m + 23° 0'. It is nearly 1/2° long, extending north and south and convex to the east."

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IC 444 = LBN 840 = vdB 75 = Ced 74

06 19 22.5 +23 16 28; Gem

Size 8'x4'

17.5" (2/11/96): fairly easy, round reflection nebula surrounding mag 7.0 SAO 78225 (12 Gem), ~3' diameter. Visible without filter in comparison with other nearby comparable stars. This star forms the southern vertex of an equilateral triangle with mag 7 stars 12' N (SAO 78222 = 11 Gem) and a mag 7.5 star 13' NE. The illuminating star is at the northwest edge of a large, scattered 15' triangular group of mag 9-13 stars (Cr 89?), with most of the stars forming the outline.

13.1" (1/11/86): at 79x (unfiltered), diffuse, hazy nebulosity surrounding a 7th mag star, moderately large.

Max Wolf discovered IC 444, along with IC 443, on 25 Sep 1892 with a 2 1/4" lens. In AN 3130 (1892), he recorded finding "[Two] Very large and bright nebulous masses are visible there [near Mu and Eta Geminorum], which very roughly have their centers at approximately 6h 14m +24° [IC 444] and 6h 08m +22° [IC 443]."

E.E. Barnard independently discovered these two nebulae on a plate two years later. Barnard reported in "Astronomy and Astro-Physics", Vol 8, No. 3, "On another photograph taken Feb. 1, 1894, with 2h 10m exposure, the 9m.5 star Dm +23°1313 is found to be closely nebulous, a very small dense nebulosity gives it a fuzzy appearance. The nebulosity is heaviest south and following." Harold Corwin notes that Barnard misidentified the star -- it should be BD +23°1301 = 12 Geminorum. Secondly, his reported postion gave the equinox as 1885.0, but it should be 1855.0 for the BD star, so his position -- which was used in the IC -- is poor. Corwin also comments that although 12 Gem is often given for the position of IC 444, the reflection nebula is part of a much larger emission nebulosity (Sh 2-249) centered about 25' ESE. Wolf claimed to record "very large and bright nebulous masses", so perhaps his image included Sh 2-249.

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IC 445 = UGC 3497 = MCG +11-09-001 = PGC 19328

06 37 21.3 +67 51 36; Cam

V = 13.4; Size 0.85'x0.7'; PA = 19°

24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, weak concentration. Situated 3.8' SSE of mag 9.1 HD 46146.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 445 = Sw. 8-42 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF, S, R, B * sf." His position is off the northeast side of UGC 3497. The bright star is northwest of the galaxy, not southeast.

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IC 446 = IC 2167 = LBN 898 = Ced 77

06 31 07 +10 27 18; Mon

Size 5'x4'

17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint reflection nebula surrounds a mag 10-11 star. This bi-polar nebula is fairly large, about 2.5' diameter. Appears to extend further (or is brighter) on the south side. Bordered by three collinear mag 13 stars on the south side.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 446 = IC 2167, along with IC 2169, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He wrote in his notebook, "a 9 1/2 mag star with largish faint nebula, a little heavier following."

He found it again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the 6" Willard lens and reported on it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard mentioned that he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweeping over this region" as a "10 mag nebulous star about half a degree north preceding 2245." Apparently Barnard directly sent his original visual discovery to Dreyer, hence the two IC designations (visual and photographic), IC 446 = IC 2167. This object is a bi-polar reflection nebula. Listed in article on bi-polar nebulae by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12.

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IC 447 = IC 2169 = LBN 903 = Ced 78 = vdB 76 = vdB 77 = vdB 78

06 31 12 +09 54; Mon

Size 25'x20'

24" (1/31/14): picked up unfiltered at 200x, though low contrast as the entire field is patchy in faint stars and affected by some dust. Seems roughly 20'x10, elongated N-S and includes several bright stars (Cr 95) with mag 7.9 HD 46005 near the center (illuminating star), mag 8.9 HD 258853 near the south end, and a mag 9.3 star at or beyond the NW end. The contrast is significantly improved at 125x using a NPB filter and the outline is better defined, particularly at the southern end. Although the nebulosity is slightly brighter to the south of HD 46005, there are no high surface brightness sections.

18" (2/4/08): at 175x unfiltered, this is a huge, interesting reflection nebula, ~25'x18', elongated N-S with an irregular outline and subtle variations in brightness. A number of mag 8-10 stars are superimposed, including mag 8 HD 46005 (illuminating star) which is part of a 10' N-S string of four brighter stars on the east side. Nearby reflection nebulae include NGC 2245 ~30' NE, IC 446 35' N and NGC 2247 40' NE (this group forms the association Monoceros R1).

IC 2169 is located two degrees due west of the Christmas Tree cluster and the whole region of bright and dark nebulosity is part of the same molecular cloud complex Mon OB1.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 447 = IC 2169, along with IC 446 = IC 2167, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "1 radius of 80x field [21'] south and 1 radius [21'] preceding the 7 1/2' m star [NGC 2245] is a large nebulosity, faint, that involves several 9 or 9 1/2 mag star. Nearly 1/2° in size, irregular(?)". His offset lands in the southern part of the nebula, though clearly he was referring the entire portion. He picked it up again on 26 Feb 1889 and logged "22' S and 22' p. the neb NGC 2245 is a vL neby, with some bright stars in it. It is extended N & S nearly, 15 x 12' +/- diam. There are 3 or 4 9th and 10th mag stars in a curve seemingly connected with it."

Barnard found this reflection nebula again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens though and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard stated he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweep over this region, I found a very large, weak, diffused nebulosity some half a degree south of the nebula NGC 2245. This was mixed up with several considerable stars." His earlier visual discovery was not published but apparently he sent it later to Dreyer, so it was catalogued again as IC 2169.

Barnard retracted his discovery of IC 447 in Lick Publications, Vol 11, incorrectly claiming it to be identical to NGC 2245. Hubble included this object in his 1922 paper "A general study of diffuse galactic nebula" in Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory / Carnegie Institution of Washington, vol. 241, pp.1-38.

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IC 449 = UGC 3515 = MCG +12-07-014 = CGCG 330-012 = PGC 19554

06 45 41.1 +71 20 38; Cam

V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 70°

24" (1/28/17): at 375x; moderately bright and large, slightly elongated E-W, ~45"x35". Contains a relatively large brighter core. Situated 4.1' WSW of mag 8.4 HD 47725.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 449 = Sw. 8-43 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "pF, S, R, bM, bet 2 D st." His position matches IC 449, so there's little doubt about the identification, though I'm surprised he didn't mention the nearby 8.5-magnitude star.

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IC 450 = UGC 3547 = Mrk 6 = MCG +12-07-018 = CGCG 330-017 = PGC 19756

06 52 12.3 +74 25 37; Cam

V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 129°

24" (1/28/17): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, sharp stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 451 4' NE.

William Denning discovered IC 450, along with IC 451, around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer as it was not published. The IC positions for both galaxies are 6'-7' too far southeast. Corrected positions were published in the 1937 paper "A study of faint northern galaxies" by Seyfert and Shapley (1937AnHar.105..219S). This is a very faint pair to be discovered in a 10-inch scope, testifying to Denning's keen eyesight.

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IC 451 = UGC 3550 = MCG +12-07-019 = PGC 19775

06 52 52.0 +74 28 51; Cam

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 144°

24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 450 4.2' SW. Located 20' E of NGC 2258.

William Denning discovered IC 451, along with IC 450, around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer as it was not published. The IC positions for both galaxies are 6'-7' too far southeast. Corrected positions were published in the 1937 paper "A study of faint northern galaxies" by Seyfert and Shapley (1937AnHar.105..219S).

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IC 452 = NGC 2296 = MCG -03-18-003 = PGC 19643

06 48 39.1 -16 54 06; CMa

Size 1.9'x1.4'; PA = 145°

See observing notes for NGC 2296.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 452 = Big. 147, along with IC 453 = Big. 148 on 9 Mar 1890 while searching for NGC 2296. Swift's discovery position for NGC 2296 was 0.7 minutes of RA too large, so Bigourdan assumed Big. 147 (later IC 452) was new. Herbert Howe later measured an accurate RA for NGC 2296 in 1898 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes) so, NGC 2296 = IC 452. Bigourdan's position for Big. 148 (IC 453) points directly to a star, according to Corwin.

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IC 454 = UGC 3570 = MCG +02-18-002 = PGC 19725

06 51 06.3 +12 55 19; Gem

V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.3'. A star (mag 13.5-14?) is superimposed near the northwest end. Contains a slightly brighter nucleus, which is close southeast of the star. There may be one or two additional mag 15.5-16 star near the periphery. Since the galaxy appears to extend from the brighter star it has a comet-like appearance. Situated in a rich Milky Way star field.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 454 = Sw. 9-16 on 23 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "a faint nebula, elongated with 13 mag star attached to end N.p." His rough RA (in his notebook) is about 24 seconds too large, but his small field sketch matches. The discovery was probably not communicated to Dreyer as Barnard wasn't credited in the IC.

Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 27 Dec 1889 and simply noted "eeF; S; e diff." Swift's RA is 9 seconds too large and he received credit in the IC. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 and noted, "One or two stars are involved in this nebula."

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IC 455 = UGC 3815 = MCG +14-04-033 = CGCG 362-044 = CGCG 363-030 = LGG 145-012 = PGC 21334

07 34 57.7 +85 32 14; Cep

V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 82°

18" (8/2/11): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~30"x25", fairly sharply concentrated with a small bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus. Located 11' SSE of NGC 2300 in a group of far northern galaxies near +85° declination.

18" (3/13/04): fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter core. With direct vision, a sharp stellar nucleus was intermittently visible. Located 16' ESE of NGC 2276 and 11' SSE of NGC 2300. This galaxy is the 5th closest to the celestial pole in the NGC or IC (2nd in the IC) and 3 of these 5 are visible in the same low power field!

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 455 on 20 Sep 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While comet hunting in the north, Barnard found NGC 2276, 2300 and IC 455. He was confused on his pointing direction this far north, but made a field sketch including nearby stars and labeled the nebulae A (NGC 2276), B (NGC 2300) and C (IC 455, outside the 150x field). He noted "C is 10' S and 3' foll B. A is 2' diameter, faint, very gradually little brighter middle." The sketch clearly identifies the three galaxies. William Denning independently discovered IC 455 less than a month later on 17 Oct 1890 with his 10-inch reflector. Denning is credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never published his discovery or notified Dreyer.

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IC 456 = ESO 427-024 = MCG -05-17-002 = PGC 19993

07 00 17.5 -30 09 50; CMa

V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 110°

17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round, gradually increases to a small bright core. Located just 1' SW of mag 9 SAO 197461 and 6' SE of mag 7.1 SAO 197448. Also mag 8.7 SAO 197447 lies 7' WNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 456 = Sw. 10-16 on 19 Dec 1890 and recorded "vF; pS; R; B * close nf; B * with pB dist comp np."

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IC 457 = NGC 2330 = MCG +08-13-078 = CGCG 234-074 = WBL 133-001 = PGC 20272

07 09 28.4 +50 09 08; Lyn

V = 14.7; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2

24" (2/15/18): at 375x fairly faint, small, nearly round, 20" diameter, even surface brightness. Located 2' SSW of NGC 2332. A mag 15.1 star is between this galaxy and NGC 2332. Note: This galaxy is identified as IC 457 in the CGCG and UGC.

17.5" (1/20/90): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 15 star is 1' NE. Located 2' SW of NGC 2332.

Hermann Kobold found IC 457 on 4 May 1893, along with 8 galaxies besides NGC 2332 and 2340, with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg. His position matches PGC 20272, which was discovered by Bindon Stoney at Birr Castle on 2 Jan 1851. Although placed fairly accurately on a constructed diagram, no absolute positions were determined so Dreyer relied on Bigourdan's measurement. Unfortunately, Bigourdan's position refers to a faint star so the NGC position for NGC 2330 is erroneous. Assuming PGC 20272 is the galaxy Dreyer had in mind as NGC 2330 (Malcolm Thomson disagrees), then NGC 2330 = IC 457 = PGC 20272. UGC and CGCG label this galaxy as IC 457 and don't use the NGC designation. See RNGC Corrections #5 and Corwin's notes for much more on this complicated story!

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IC 458 = UGC 3713 = MCG +08-13-085 = WBL 133-004 = PGC 20306

07 10 34.3 +50 07 06; Lyn

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 175°

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", small brighter core but no distinct nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is just off the south edge [0.6' from center].

18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.4', weak concentration to center. A mag 12.5 star is just off the south edge 0.6' from center. In a small group with NGC 2340, IC 458, IC 461, IC 464, IC 465.

17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 N-S, small bright core. A mag 13 star is off the south end 36" from center. In a field of four galaxies with NGC 2340 7' ENE, IC 464 5.0' ENE and IC 465 12' NE.

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 458 = Sw. 8-44, along with IC 459, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. The 1861 publication didn't include any details of the Birr Castle discoveries so this nebula was not included in the GC or GC Supplement. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888, as well as Hermann Kobold on 15 Apr 1893 (all 3 are credited in the IC). Kobold's position (used in the IC) matches UGC 3713. The MCG misidentifies +08-13-089, instead of +08-13-085, as IC 458.

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IC 459 = CGCG 234-082 = PGC 20311

07 10 38.7 +50 10 38; Lyn

Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (2/15/18): at 375x: very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low surface brightness, can hold steadily once identified. Located 5' W of NGC 2340 and 3.4' NW of mag 10 HD 233347 in the center of the galaxy cluster. IC 460 lies 1.8' NE and IC 458 is 3.6' S.

18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness, no concentration. Located 5' due west of NGC 2340 in the core of the cluster and 3.6' N of IC 458.

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 459, along with IC 458, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. Hermann Kobold discovered it independently at Strasbourg on 2 Dec 1893 (both Rosse and Kobold are credited in the IC).

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IC 460 = MCG +08-13-089 = CGCG 234-084 = WBL 133-007 = PGC 20318

07 10 44.3 +50 12 09; Lyn

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, brighter center. A mag 13.2 is at the southwest edge [18" from center] and a second mag 13 star is 0.8' NW. IC 460 is located 4.6' WNW of NGC 2340 in the core of the cluster. IC 459 lies 1.8' SSW.

18" (12/18/06): extremely faint galaxy in the core of the NGC 2340 group. Just visible with averted vision and concentration as a 10" knot just off the northeast side of a mag 13 star [only 18" separation]. This star forms a pair with another mag 13 star 44" NW. Located 4.5' WNW of NGC 2340 and 1.8' NNE of IC 459.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 460 on 2 Dec 1893 with the 18" refractor at Strasbourg Observatory. This galaxy was missed at Birr Castle when the cluster was observed in January 1851.

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IC 461 = MCG +08-13-088 = CGCG 234-083 = WBL 133-006 = PGC 20319

07 10 45.0 +50 04 53; Lyn

Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 35°

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3', low even surface brightness. A string of three mag 12-13 stars oriented SW-NE follows closely. A mag 15.5 star is at the southeast edge of the galaxy. Located 7' SW of NGC 2340 and 2.8' SE of IC 458.

18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. This small galaxy is just preceding a 1.5' string of 3 mag 12-13 stars angling from SW to NE and 2.8' SE of IC 458 in the NGC 2340 group (second faintest of 7 in the field at 280x).

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 461 = Sw. 8-45, along with IC 458, 459, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888 and by Hermann Kobold on 8 Dec 1893. All 3 are credited in the IC as Kobold's position was used. The MCG failed to label its +08-13-088 as IC 461.

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IC 463 = LEDA 3717953

07 11 00.9 +50 07 04; Lyn

Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 85°

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Can barely hold continuously with averted vision. Located in a group, 1.3' SSW of IC 464 and 3.8' SSW of NGC 2340 (in a line).

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 463, along with IC 458, 459, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. He labeled it Iota on the diagram of the field. Hermann Kobold discovered it again independently at Strasbourg on 2 Dec 1893 (both Rosse and Kobold are credited in the IC). This galaxy is not in the PGC and hasn't been assigned a LEDA designation.

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IC 464 = CGCG 234-087 = MCG +08-13-092 = WBL 133-009 = PGC 20332

07 11 04.8 +50 08 13; Lyn

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 60°

24" (2/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 SW-NE, 50"x25", bright core. Located 2.4' SSW of NGC 2340 in a rich galaxy group. IC 463 is 1.3' SSW.

18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.35', even concentration but with no defined core of nucleus. Located 2.5' SSW of NGC 2340 in a rich group of galaxies with NGC 2350, IC 458, IC 459, IC 460, IC 461 and IC 465 in the same 280x field!

17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, oval SW-NE. Located 2.5' SSW of NGC 2340 in a group with IC 458 5.0' WSW and IC 465 8.1' NE.

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 464 = Sw. 8-45, along with IC 458, 459, 461 on 31 Jan 1851. Lewis Swift probably found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888. Kobold measured an accurate position on 18 Jan 1893.

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IC 465 = NGC 2334 = MCG +08-13-098 = CGCG 234-095 = WBL 133-012 = PGC 20357

07 11 33.6 +50 14 53; Lyn

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 70°

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; moderately bright, moderately large, round, strong concentration with a high surface brightness core that increases to a very small brighter nucleus. Located 5.8' NE of NGC 2340 in a fairly rich group.

18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradually increases to a very small, brighter core. Furthest NE in a group of 7 galaxies in the field and 5.8' NE of the brightest member, NGC 2340.

17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, round, bright core. Last of four galaxies in a 20' field and located 5.8' NE of NGC 2340.

Hermann Kobold found IC 465 on 4 May 1893, along with 8 galaxies besides NGC 2332 and 2340, with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg. His position matches PGC 20357, which was discovered by Bindon Stoney at Birr Castle on 2 Jan 1851. Although placed fairly accurately on a constructed diagram, no absolute positions were determined, so Dreyer relied on Bigourdan's measurement. Unfortunately, Bigourdan's position refers to a faint star and the NGC position for NGC 2334 is erroneous. Assuming PGC 20357 is the galaxy Dreyer had in mind as NGC 2330 (Malcolm Thomson disagrees), then NGC 2334 = IC 465 = PGC 20357. MCG, CGCG, PGC, SIMBAD all label this galaxy as IC 465 and not NGC 2334. NED and HyperLEDA give the equivalence.

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IC 466 = Sh 2-288 = LBN 1013 = Ced 92

07 08 36 -04 19; Mon

Size 1'x1'

17.5" (2/28/87): mag 12.5 star in an easy, very small, round nebulosity. Located 1.5' SSW of a mag 10.5 star. A wide pair of mag 10 stars lie 7' SW. Enhanced with a UHC filter at 220x.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 466 = J 2-616 on 18 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 467 = UGC 3834 = MCG +13-06-007 = PGC 21164

07 30 17.3 +79 52 21; Cam

V = 12.6; Size 3.2'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 80°

17.5" (2/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~E-W, weak concentration. A faint mag 15 star is near the SW end. Located 20' SSE of NGC 2336.

William Denning discovered IC 467 on 7 Nov 1890 with his 10-inch reflector while comet hunting and recorded "vF, pS, 22' ssf of NGC 2336." Although his position is poor, the identification is certain based on the description.

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IC 469 = UGC 3994 = MCG +14-04-038 = CGCG 362-047 = CGCG 363-035 = CGCG 364-001 = LGG 145-004 = PGC 22213

07 55 59.1 +85 09 32; Cep

V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 90°

18" (8/1/11): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 E-W, ~2.0'x0.8', broad concentration, brighter core increases to a slightly brighter nucleus. This galaxy, NGC 2300 and IC 512 are the three brightest within 5 degrees of the north celestial pole. IC 469 resides within an isosceles triangle formed by a mag 9 star 3.8' N, a mag 10 star 4.5' SW and a mag 10.5 star 3.7' SSE. A 3' group of mag 11-13 stars is close NE, so the surrounding field is very distinctive.

17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 E-W, 2.0'x1.0', large brighter middle, broad concentration but no nucleus. Surrounded by three mag 8.5-9.5 stars. Mag 8.5 SAO 1236 just 3.8' N is at the west edge of a scattered group of 10 stars including a close, faint double (mag 14/14 at 10"). Mag 9.2 SAO 1224 lies 4.4' SW and mag 9.5 SAO 1237 is 3.6' S. This galaxy is relatively bright for an IC galaxy. UGC 3993 lies 14' S.

William Denning discovered IC 469 on 14 Sep 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets. It was found in the field of NGC 2300 "and about 40' SE of it." He noted the "object lies central within a very curious semicircle of small stars. It is faint, pretty large, extended, and a little brighter in the middle hunting and recorded "F, S, E, 46' sf of NGC 2336."

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IC 471 = UGC 3982 = MCG +08-14-035 = CGCG 235-033 = PGC 21659

07 43 36.4 +49 40 03; Lyn

V = 13.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (2/7/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, well concentrated with a small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 472 3.9' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 471 = Sw. 9-17, along with IC 472, on 20 Apr 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; np of 2 [with IC 472]." His RA is 15 seconds too small, a similar offset as IC 472.

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IC 472 = UGC 3985 = MCG +08-14-036 = CGCG 235-034 = PGC 21665

07 43 50.3 +49 36 51; Lyn

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 167°

24" (2/7/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly elongated ~N-S, 30"x24", well concentrated with a roundish bright core. Forms a pair with IC 471 3.9' NW. Double star Es 1082 = 10.1/11.1 at 5.6" lies 4.7' SE and is collinear with the two galaxies.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 472 = Sw. 9-18, along with IC 472, on 20 Apr 1890. He recorded "eeF; pS; R; sf of 2 [with IC 471]. D * nr sf nearly points to both." His position is 3' too far northwest, a similar offset as IC 471, and the double star is Es 1082.

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IC 474 = MCG +04-19-001 = CGCG 148-012 = PGC 21749

07 46 07.3 +26 30 18; Gem

V = 13.9; Size 1.25'x0.4'; PA = 113°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~45"x15", contains a very small brighter core/nucleus. A mag 9 star (SAO 79676) is 5' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 474 = J. 1-136 on 30 Jan 1892. His position was 1.6' too far south, perhaps due to a positional error in the offset star.

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IC 475 = MCG +05-19-005 = CGCG 148-017 = Ark 140 = PGC 21795

07 47 09.2 +30 29 20; Gem

V = 14.0; Size 0.85'x0.5'; PA = 137°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE. Increasing to 375x, clearly elongated 3:2 or 2:1, 0.5'x0.3'. On occasion there seemed to be an elongated cemtral brightening or bar. With averted the halo becomes more evident. A mag 13 star is 1' SW. A mag 10.5 star is 6' W, along with a group of 5 mag 12.5-14.5 stars.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 475 = J. 1-137 on 17 Feb 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 476 = MCG +05-19-006 = CGCG 148-018 = WBL 152-002 = PGC 21796

07 47 16.3 +26 57 03; Gem

V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 102°

24" (2/16/15): at 300x appeared very faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x12". Appeared brighter in better conditions than two nights ago from Lake Sonoma.

24" (2/14/15): at 300x and 375x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Required averted vision and could not hold steadily. Located just 1.5' NW of NGC 2449.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 476 = J. I-138 on 30 Jan 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.

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IC 477 = MCG +04-19-006 = CGCG 118-016 NED02 = PGC 22037

07 52 06.9 +23 28 59; Gem

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.9'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; a step brighter than faint, round, 30" diameter, gradually increases to a slightly brighter core and occasional stellar nucleus. Mag 8.8 HD 64036 lies 10' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 477 = J. 1-139 on 17 Feb 1892. His position is accurate. SIMBAD misidentifies LEDA 2807169 (off the W side) as IC 477.

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IC 478 = CGCG 148-055 = PGC 22109

07 53 41.6 +26 29 34; Gem

V = 14.7; Size 0.65'x0.45'; PA = 12°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 15" to 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star lies 2' W and a similar star is 1.6' NW. IC 478 is located 4.5' SSW of mag 7.6 HD 64207, which detracts from viewing, and 16.5' SSE of mag 5.0 Phi Gem.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 478 = J. 1-140 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint, very small, diffuse and without central condensation" and an accurate position.

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IC 479 = MCG +05-19-020 = CGCG 148-058 = PGC 22138

07 54 22.2 +27 00 32; Gem

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~22"x18", weak concentration with no zones. Forms an equilateral triangle with mag 13.5 star 1.4' NW and a mag 14.1 star (unequal double) 1.3' W. Located 18.5' NE of mag 5.0 Phi Gem.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 479 = J. 1-141, along with IC 478, on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "pretty faint, round, 20" diameter."

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IC 480 = UGC 4096 = CGCG 148-062 = WBL 160-001 = PGC 22188

07 55 23.2 +26 44 36; Gem

V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 168°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 6:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.15', slightly brighter core. Bulges very slightly but no nucleus seen. Situated in a busy star field with a mag 15.5 star 1.2' S (collinear with the major axis). A mag 10.9 star lies 2.5' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 480 = J. 1-142 on 18 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint, very pale, fairly large, elongated N-S."

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IC 481 = UGC 4130 = MCG +04-19-013 = CGCG 118-031 = PGC 22374

07 59 02.9 +24 09 38; Gem

V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 3°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, thin slash 4:1 or 5:1 N-S, ~45"x10", low even surface brightness, no core or brightness zones. A mag 12.7 star is 1.4' SW. Located 4' S of a mag 9.8 star (SAO 79836).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 481 = J. 1-143 on 2 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 482 = MCG +04-19-016 = CGCG 118-035 = PGC 22409

07 59 47.3 +25 21 25; Gem

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 151°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; a step brighter than "faint", slightly elongated core region, the halo was generally round, but with averted seemed elongated 3:2 ~NNW-SSE, 25"x18". A 24" pair of mag 13 stars is 2.5' NE and a 30" pair of mag 14 stars is 0.5' W. Located 16' WSW of mag 5.9 Omega (2) Cnc.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 482 = J. 1-144 on 2 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 484 = CGCG 148-084 = WBL 165-003 = PGC 22419

08 00 01.1 +26 39 57; Gem

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 49°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, low even surface brightness, ~0.3'x0.2'. But with averted vision, the halo occasionally extended to 0.5'x0.2' SW-NE.

24" (2/7/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~18"x12". A mag 15.5 star is 0.8' SW. IC 485 is 4.8' NE and IC 486 is 5.5' SE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 484 = Spitaler 11, along with IC 485 and IC 486, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 30 Jan 1892. Both measured accurate micrometric positions.

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IC 485 = UGC 4156 = CGCG 148-088 = WBL 165-006 = PGC 22443

08 00 19.8 +26 42 05; Gem

V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 153°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, fairly small, initially I just noticed the elongated central region ~20"x10", but much fainter outer extension unexpectedly flashed with averted vision. These increased the size to ~0.8'x0.2'.

24" (2/7/15): at 260x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x10". Faintest in a trio forming an equilateral triangle with IC 484 4.7' SW and IC 486 5.3' S.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 485 = Spitaler 12a, along with IC 484 and IC 486, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. He noted it made an equilateral triangle with IC 484 and 486 though didn't measure a position. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 30 Jan 1892 and measured an accurate position.

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IC 486 = UGC 4155 = MCG +04-19-018 = CGCG 148-087 = WBL 165-005 = PGC 22445

08 00 21.0 +26 36 49; Gem

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 139°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright due to fairly good surface brightness, slightly elongated, 0.6' diameter, very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.5' SE. Brightest of IC 484, 485, 486, the trio fits within a 7' circle.

24" (2/7/15): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 18"x12", small brighter core. Brightest in a trio with IC 484 5.5' NW and IC 485 5.3' N. The trio, along with a few CGCG galaxies, from the small group WBL 165, and lies at a distance of ~380 million l.y.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 486 = Spitaler 12, along with IC 484 and IC 485, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 2 Mar 1892 and measured an accurate position.

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IC 487 = NGC 2494 = UGC 4141 = MCG +00-21-001 = CGCG 003-002 = PGC 22377

07 59 07.0 -00 38 17; Mon

V = 13.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 95°

17.5" (1/23/88): moderately bright, oval ~E-W, fairly small, bright core. A nice triple star lies 4' ESE; the closer components are mag 11/12 with separation 19".

Lewis Swift found IC 487 = Sw. 7-10 on 11 May 1890 and reported "eeF; vS; R". His position is 2' SE of UGC 4141 = PGC 22377, the only nearby galaxy. Howe remarked the nebula was elongated at 110° (ESE-WNW). This galaxy was discovered by Marth in 1864, but the RA reported in his discovery list for #110 (later NGC 2494) was 1.0 minute too large and neither Swift nor Dreyer connected NGC 2494 with IC 487. UGC, MCG and CGCG label this galaxy IC 487 because of the positional match but NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD equate the numbers.

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IC 490 = CGCG 118-055 = PGC 22607

08 03 20.1 +25 48 41; Cnc

V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 95°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, roundish (probably slightly elongated), ~20" diameter. A dim mag 15.7 star is just off the NE edge. A mag 9.4 star is 5' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 490 = J. 1-148 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.

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IC 491 = CGCG 148-106 = PGC 22631

08 03 55.0 +26 31 14; Cnc

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 114°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x and 520x; very faint to faint, small, round, 12" - 15" diameter, quasi-stellar or stellar nucleus. Situated within a N-S string of mag 9 to 10.5 stars including a mag 10.2 star 1.5' NW.

IC 491 forms a very close pair (non-physical) with LEDA 1779405 0.5' NW. This 16th magnitude galaxy appeared extremely faint and small, 6" diameter, and only occasionally popped. The nearby bright star made the detection difficult.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 491 = J. 1-149 on 18 Mar 1892 and reported "very faint, very small, round, around 10" diameter."

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IC 492 = UGC 4212 = MCG +04-19-024 = CGCG 118-059 = PGC 22724

08 05 38.7 +26 10 05; Cnc

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, roughly oval 3:2, 0.6'x0.4', but changes shape with averted vision (like a face-on spiral) as the low surface brightness halo is glimpsed; irregular surface brightness. Mag 8.1 HD 66662 is 3' S.

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is close off the southeast edge, 30" from center. Situated just 3.4' NNE of mag 8 HD 66662.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 492 = Spitaler 15 = J. 1-150 on 5 Feb 1891 with a 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery occurred while searching the Winnecke's Comet. He reported "13m; R; very gradually brighter middle; *13.5m 1/4' sf [south-following]." He measured an accurate micrometric position with respect to HD 66662.

Rudolph Spitaler found it again 4 nights later with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna (presumably while also searching for the comet). He called it a fairly bright comet-like nebula northeast of BD +26°1713. Finally, Stephane Javelle found it a third time on 2 Mar 1892 (along with several others) with the 30-inch refractor at Nice, France. All three are credited in the NGC.

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IC 493 = MCG +04-19-026 = CGCG 118-064 = PGC 22795

08 07 27.6 +25 08 03; Cnc

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 17°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, contains a brighter core and a faint halo elongated 3:2 ~N-S, ~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 14.6 star is 1' S. IC 497 lies 38' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 493 = J. 2-151 on 2 Mar 1892 and reported "pB, elongated in the meridian [N-S]." His position is 2.4' SSW of CGCG 118-064 = PGC 22795, although this appears to have been caused by an erroneous position for his offset star (PPM 98392).

Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 14 Dec 1906 and described J. 4-1540 as "faint, elongated along the meridian, approximately 60" x 15", gradually condensed." His position is at the NE edge of the galaxy. The 4th catalog, which included his last 330 objects, wasn't published.

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IC 494 = UGC 4224 = MCG +00-21-004 = CGCG 003-010 = PGC 22755

08 06 24.1 +01 02 10; CMi

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 49°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", brighter core (fairly well defined) that gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. Located 9' SSE of mag 7.3 HD 67029 in the southeast corner of Canis Minor.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 494 = Big. 150 on 12 Dec 1888.

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IC 495 = CGCG 059-047 = PGC 22841

08 08 19.4 +09 00 50; Cnc

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.55'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, diffuse, low nearly even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Two mag 9.8 stars are 5' WNW and 6' SW. A mag 12 star is 1.5' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 495 = J. 2-617 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 496 = IC 2229 = MCG +04-19-028 = CGCG 188-066 = CGCG 119-001 = LEDA 93095 = PGC 22903

08 09 44.2 +25 52 54; Cnc

V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 30°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; IC 496 was resolved into a close pair (physical), separated by just 19" E-W. The brighter western component (LEDA 93095) appeared faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. The fainter eastern galaxy (PGC 22903) was very faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter. An 18" pair of mag 13.5/14 stars lies 1.5' SSE. Located 7' WNW of mag 6.4 13 Cancri (K0-type).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 496 = J. 1-152 on 2 Mar 1892 and reported "faint, small, round, little brighter in the middle." He found it again on 11 Feb 1896 and reported J. 3-1025 (later IC 2229) as "faint, roughly round, 30", granular, avec star of mag 13.5-14. Both positions are very accurate, so its surprising neither he nor Dreyer noticed IC 496 = IC 2229.

NED identifies the western galaxy as IC 496, while HyperLeda identifies the eastern galaxy as IC 496. Probably the number should apply to the pair (IC 496A and 496B?). The eastern object is apparently an interacting (merged) double system.

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IC 497 = MCG +04-20-001 = CGCG 118-067 = CGCG 119-002 = KTG 20A = PGC 22918

08 10 06.1 +24 55 19; Cnc

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 177°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, ~0.5'x0.2', small elongated core. An easy 12" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars is 1' N and a 14th mag star just 30" NW of center.

24" (3/22/14): at 375x appeared faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.4'x0.2', weak concentration. A 12" double (mag 12.5-13 stars) lies 1' N and a mag 14 star is just off the NNW side [27" from center]. Brightest in the KTG 20 triplet.

UGC 4257 = KTG 20C lies 2' SE and appeared as an extremely faint, thin edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.1', very low even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is just off the west edge. CGCG 118-068 = KTG 20B, just 1.0' S, was extremely faint to very faint (slightly higher surface brightness than UGC 4257), round, just 10" diameter. A mag 13 star is 33" SE of center.

24" (1/25/14): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 24"x12", bright core. A 12" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars lies 1' N and a mag 14 star is 27" NW of center. This galaxy is the brightest member of the KTG 20 triplet with UGC 4257 2' SSE and CGCG 118-68 3' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 497 = J. 1-153 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 498 = UGC 4255 = VV 526 = CGCG 031-059 = PGC 22895

08 09 30.3 +05 16 51; CMi

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; PA = 60°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, broad weak concentration but no core/nucleus. A distinctive group of stars is to the south including E-W and N-S strings. The N-S string is roughly collinear with the galaxy. A mag 13.5/14 double at 10" separation is 2' SW.

CGCG 031-060, situated 5.6' E, appeared faint, very small, round, 12" diameter (this is the core region), well defined. A mag 8.3 star is 5' E with CGCG 031-060 nearly at the midpoint of IC 498 and this star. LEDA 1280679 (B = 16.23), situated 9' ESE, appeared extremely faint and small, round, 6" diameter. Mag 8.3 HD 67874 is 1.5' NE and greatly detracts from viewing so it had to be kept just outside the edge of the field. A string of stars is close west.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 498 on 11 Nov 1888 with the 27" Grubb refractor at the Vienna University. His position is accurate.

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IC 499 = UGC 4463 = MCG +14-04-054 = CGCG 363-046 = CGCG 364-005 = LGG 145-006 = PGC 24602

08 45 16.9 +85 44 24; Cam

V = 12.5; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 80°

18" (8/1/11): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~50"x35". Very low surface brightness outer halo with a fairly bright central region that is sharply concentrated to a very small bright nucleus. A mag 14 star is superimposed on the SW side and a brighter mag 12 star is off the NE side, 1.2' from center. Located 5.7' SW of mag 8.5 SAO 1370. UGC 4297 lies 20' SW. This is the closest IC galaxy to the north celestial pole!

William Denning discovered IC 499 on 8 Sep 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets. He noted it was in the same field as IC 512 and called it "pretty faint, small and much brighter in the middle. There is a telescopic star just on its N. side, and an exceedingly faint star is involved with the nebula, which lies in an irregular widely scattered group. It bears magnifying well, and is relatively much brighter than [IC 512]."

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IC 500 = MCG -03-21-007 = CGMW 1-2344 = PGC 23011

08 12 39.6 -16 03 03; Pup

Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 54°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", pretty good surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is just off the NE end. Pretty rich star field.

MCG -03-21-008, located 7' SE, appeared faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~25"x20", slightly brighter nucleus. Squeezed between a mag 11 star 1' SW (wide pair) and a mag 12 star 0.5' NE of center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 500 = J. 2-618 on 11 Feb 1893. His description reads "vF, diffuse, very faint * attached". His position is accurate and the star is at the NE edge.

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IC 501 = CGCG 119-042 = PGC 23305

08 18 47.6 +24 32 15; Cnc

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 125°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter. Two mag 14.3 stars are 1.3' SW and 1.9' N, with the galaxy just east of the line connecting the stars. IC 2271 lies 6.4' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 501 = J. 1-154 on 18 Mar 1892. He described it as "faint, roughly round, with a small central condensation." Harold Corwin notes that Max Wolf found it again on a Heidelberg Observatory plate taken in 1901 and included it in his first "Nebel-liste" (#42) that included 154 new objects in Lynx and Cancer. Dreyer caught the equivalence and assigned only one IC designation.

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IC 502 = CGCG 060-002 = PGC 23469

08 22 03.6 +08 45 09; Cnc

V = 14.5; Size 0.55'x0.5'

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus at 375x. A 9" pair of 14th mag star is 2' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 502 = J. 2-619 on 12 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 503 = UGC 4366 = MCG +01-22-004 = CGCG 032-006 = PGC 23474

08 22 10.7 +03 16 05; Hya

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 112°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated nearly 2:1 NW-SE, ~0.7'x0.4', brighter core region, fainter extensions. A mag 12 star is 1.5' S. IC 2327 lies 12' SW. A distintive ~5' group of mag 13-14 stars is just north of IC 2327.

Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 503 in 1888 with the 11-inch Merz refractor at the Copenhagen Observatory. It was found while searching for Comet Fay 1888 III. His position was 1.7' too far south, but the identification seems certain as there are no other candidates.

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IC 504 = UGC 4372 = MCG +01-22-005 = CGCG 032-008 = WBL 179-001 = PGC 23495

08 22 41.2 +04 15 45; Hya

V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 139°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; nearly moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Contains a relatively large bright core with a fairly thin halo. A mag 11.0 star is 1' SE, the first in an equally spaced looping chain of 4 stars that leads directly to CGCG 032-012, 4.7' ENE. The surrounding star field is overall pretty rich.

IC 504 is the brightest of a group of 7 galaxies (WBL 179) including CGCG 032-009 4' N, IC 506 12.5' ENE and IC 505 12' NE. But the redshift of IC 504, along with CGCG 032-012, is only half the remaining members, so there appears to be two superposed groups at different distances.

CGCG 032-012, 4.7' ENE, appeared fairly faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. A mag 11.9 star is 40" SW, the first in a chain extending to IC 504.

CGCG 032-009, 4.0' N, appeared as a faint soft glow, 18", fairly smooth surface brightness.

CGCG 032-013, 8.5' NNE, appeared faint, small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 25"x10".

CGCG 032-011, 7' SE, appeared faint, small, roundish, 15" diameter. A mag 13.8 star is at the south edge.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 504 = Sw. 7-11, along with IC 505 and 506, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; nr. p end of 4 st. in an arc of a circle. 1st of 3." His RA is ~10 seconds too small, but the identification is certain as the description is a perfect match.

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IC 505 = UGC 4382 = MCG +01-22-008 = CGCG 032-015 = WBL 179-006 = PGC 23528

08 23 21.7 +04 22 21; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 144°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, small bright core. The halo extends further on the southeast end, so the core appears offset from center. Located on the northeast side of the IC 504 group = WBL 179, with IC 506 5' SSE and CGCG 032-013 6' W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 505 = Sw. 7-12, along with IC 504 and 506, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; little brighter in the middle. 2nd of 3." His RA is 9 seconds too small (similar offset as IC 504), but the identification is certain.

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IC 506 = MCG +01-22-009 = CGCG 032-016 = WBL 179-007 = PGC 23536

08 23 30.7 +04 17 58; Hya

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 171°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. Member of the IC 504 group (WBL 179) with IC 505 5' NNW and IC 504 12' WSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 506 = Sw. 7-13, along with IC 504 and 505, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; ee diff.; 3rd of 3."

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IC 507 = NGC 2590 = UGC 4392 = MCG +00-22-010 = CGCG 004-020 = PGC 23616

08 25 01.9 -00 35 31; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 77°

See observing notes for NGC 2590.

Lewis Swift found IC 507 = Sw. 8-47 on 3 Feb 1888 and recorded "eeF pS; vlE; bet 2 st; sev pB st nr; driving clock failed." His RA matches NGC 2590 (despite noted uncertain), but the declination is 9' too far north. Apparently he only picked up the central portion as the outer portions are clearly elongated. This galaxy was discovered by Stephan in 1878 and his position is accurate. Corwin notes that Dreyer made an error of 30 seconds in RA in precessing Swift's position to 1860 coordinates and Howe was unable to find IC 507 on 3 nights (MN, Nov. 1900) because of the poor NGC position.

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IC 508 = MCG +04-20-063 = CGCG 119-111 = KUG 0825+252 = PGC 23762

08 28 22.3 +25 07 29; Cnc

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 E-W. Sometimes a bar was noticed running E-W through the center. The galaxy appeared more roundish and ~35" diameter at 375x. A string of 5 stars (3 of 9-10th mag) running N-S lies 10' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 508 = J. 1-155 on 18 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 509 = UGC 4456 = MCG +04-20-066 = CGCG 119-121 = PGC 23936

08 32 03.5 +24 00 39; Cnc

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, relatively large, roundish, 1' diameter, diffuse glow with only a weak central brightening. A mag 14.7 star is at the NE edge, 30" from center. Situated 8.6' SE of 5.7-mag Upsilon1 (30) Cnc and 13' WSW of mag 6.3 Upsilon 2 (32) Cnc. A mag 8.5 star is 8' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 509 = J. 1-156 on 18 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 510 = UGC 4460 = MCG +00-22-015 = CGCG 004-046 = PGC 23940

08 32 10.9 -02 09 45; Hya

V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 137°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x; faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~30"x25", low even surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is 1' NE and a mag 15.2 star is 0.7' SE. Roughly 8' N is a distinctive group of 5 stars - 4 in a parallelogram and one in the interior. IC 510 is located 28' W of mag 5.8 HD 72660.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 510 = J. 2-620 on 20 Mar 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, uniform brightness." The object on the western arm is a companion galaxy.

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IC 511 = NGC 2646 = UGC 4604 = MCG +12-09-019 = CGCG 331-069 = CGCG 332-019 = LGG 162-003 = PGC 24838

08 50 22.0 +73 27 46; Cam

V = 12.1; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.5

See observing notes for NGC 2646.

Lewis Swift found IC 511 = Sw. 8-48 on 1 Sep 1888 and reported "vF, S, cE, wide D * nr. sf; sp of 2 [with IC 520]." His position is fairly close to UGC 4510, the galaxy modern catalogues take as IC 511, though the "wide D[ouble] star nr south-preceding" is actually north-preceding (NW). In August 2017 Courtney Seligman followed up on a group email with Harold Corwin and myself regarding a 10 minute RA error that Swift made on the discovery night and found the same correction could be applied to IC 511. The resulting position (and Swift's description) matches NGC 2646! This galaxy is "sp of 2" [with IC 520], whereas UGC 4510 and IC 520 are nearly a degree apart.

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IC 512 = UGC 4646 = MCG +14-05-002 = CGCG 363-049 = CGCG 364-008 = LGG 145-010 = PGC 25451

09 03 49.8 +85 30 06; Cam

V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 175°

18" (8/1/11): moderately bright, fairly large, slightly elongated N-S, ~1.5'x1.2'. Asymmetric appearance with an irregular surface brightness. Appears to have a brighter "bar" though not centered in the glow. A faint pair of stars is off the south side and a 10' string of stars oriented NNW to SSE is off the east side. Located 12' WSW of mag 7.9 HD 75797. This is the third closest IC galaxy to the north celestial pole.

17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, moderately large, round, almost even surface brightness. A 10' string of stars just east is oriented roughly N-S with a mag 9 star at the north end. Lies 12' W of mag 8.0 SAO 1443.

William Denning discovered IC 512 on 23 Aug 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets at 40x. When he determined it was missing from the NGC, he initially thought it was probably a comet, but reobserved it several times on the morning of the 24th without detecting any motion and concluded it was a new nebula. Using 145x, he reported it was "very distinct, round, and a little brighter in the middle. There is a triangle of rather bright telescopic stars on the east side of it."

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IC 513 = MCG -02-22-019 = PGC 23983

08 33 05.1 -12 21 20; Hya

Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 39°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small brighter core/nucleus, 35"-40" along major axis. A mag 11.7 star and two 13th mag stars are a couple of arc minutes north.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 513 = J. 1-157 on 20 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 514 = CGCG 004-066 = WBL 188-001 = PGC 24119

08 35 22.3 -02 02 49; Hya

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 160°

24" (2/5/13): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 16 star is attached at the south edge. Located 12' SSW of NGC 2616 in a group (WBL 188) and 3.5' NE of a mag 10.1 star. Forms a pair with CGCG 004-065 2.4' S. I'm surprised that Javelle, who discovered IC 514, missed the CGCG as it's similar in brightness and size.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 514 = J. 2-621, along with IC 517, on 20 Mar 1893 and recorded "vF, elongated in the meridian [N-S], no central brightening." The next night he discovered nearby IC 515 and IC 516.

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IC 515 = UGC 4488 = CGCG 004-068 = WBL 188-003 = PGC 24125

08 35 31.3 -01 54 04; Hya

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 32°

24" (2/5/13): faint, very small, slightly elongated, 18"x14", soft even glow. Located 3.1' SSW of NGC 2616 in a group and 2.6' NE of a mag 11.4 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 515 = J. 2-622, along with IC 516, on 21 Mar 1893. He noted it was distinct from NGC 2616, which was also measured.

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IC 516 = CGCG 004-075 = WBL 188-007 = PGC 24155

08 35 50.8 -01 52 16; Hya

V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 65°

24" (2/5/13): very faint, extremely small, slightly elongated, 12"x8", stellar nucleus. Located 4.4' ESE of NGC 2616 in a group (WBL 188) and 5.2' NE of IC 515. CGCG 004-072 lies 4.5' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 516 = J. 2-623, along with IC 515, on 21 Mar 1893. He noted it was distinct from NGC 2616, which was also measured.

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IC 517 = CGCG 004-082 = WBL 188-008 = PGC 24179

08 36 22.1 -02 03 20; Hya

V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 29°

24" (2/5/13): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 12 star lies 1.7' SW and a mag 14.5 star is closer at 0.9' SW. Located 17' SE of NGC 2616 in the WBL 188 group (brightest member NGC 2616, along with 4 IC galaxies).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 517 = J. 2-624, along with IC 514, on 20 Mar 1893 and recorded "vF, S, irr figure, no central brightening." The next night he discovered nearby IC 515 and IC 516.

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IC 519 = CGCG 032-051 = PGC 24389

08 40 34.4 +02 36 41; Hya

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; PA = .°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x; very faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter. A mag 15 star is 0.7' W and a mag 14.5 star is 1.6' SW. Located 14' W of mag 7.8 HD 73995.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 519 = J. 2-625 on 17 Mar 1893. His description reads "very faint, very small, round, difficult, close to a star of 14th magnitude." His position is accurate.

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IC 520 = UGC 4630 = MCG +12-09-026 = PGC 24970

08 53 42.2 +73 29 27; Cam

V = 11.7; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 0°

17.5" (3/20/93): this is an unusually bright IC galaxy. It appeared moderately bright, slightly elongated 4:3 N-S with a prominent small bright core and a stellar nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the SE edge [46" from the center]. NGC 2646 lies 14' W.

13.1" (1/11/86): fairly faint, small, round. A faint star is near the south end.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 520 = Sw. 8-49 on 29 Aug 1888 and recorded "pB; pL; R; bM; nearly bet a nr and a distant *; nf of 2 [with IC 511]; another suspected." Swift's position is accurate. I'm surprised that the Herschels, d'Arrest and Tempel examined this area and missed this galaxy.

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IC 521 = MCG +01-23-002 = CGCG 033-004 = WBL 194-001 = PGC 24658

08 46 44.0 +02 32 15; Hya

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 80°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25" diameter, weak broad concentration. Situated within a 7' group of stars, including four of mag 10.5-11.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 521 = J. 2-626 on 16 Mar 1893. He reported "star of 13th mag [core] surrounded by nebulosity. Nebulous character very certain." His position is accurate.

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IC 522 = UGC 4654 = MCG +10-13-031 = CGCG 288-010 = PGC 25009

08 54 34.9 +57 10 00; UMa

V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 165°

24" (3/21/20): at 260x and 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated 5:4 NNW-SSE, ~40"x32", strong concentration with a relatively bright, round core and a diffuse outer halo. At 375x the core increases to a very small bright nucleus. Mag 8.3 HD 85697 lies 8' NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 522 = Sw. 9-19 on 8 May 1890 and reported "pF; pS; R; BM; pB * np; ?eeF D* involved." His position is accurate and the "pretty bright star north-preceding" is mag 8.3 HD 75697, though there are no stars involved in the glow of the galaxy.

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IC 523 = UGC 4652 = MCG +02-23-009 = CGCG 061-018 = PGC 24948

08 53 11.3 +09 08 53; Cnc

V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7

17.5" (2/14/99): extremely faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concentration. The view was perhaps hindered by mag 8.4 SAO 117225 3.3' NW and dew on my secondary. Located 20' NW of the giant PN Abell 31. Nearby are MCG +02-23-008 and CGCG 061-020.

At 100x using an OIII filter, Abell 31 appeared as a faint, huge, roundish glow encompassing a mag 10 star which is southeast of center. With averted vision it spanned ~8' in diameter with a very low but irregular surface brightness. The edge of the halo was not crisply defined. The bright star is part of a distinctive parallelogram with sides roughly 9'. The PN doesn't reach the mag 10 star 8' W although on photographs it extends this far.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 523 = J. 2-627 on 13 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is a little too far north as the offset star is slightly misplaced in declination.

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IC 524 = ESO 564-001 = PGC 25198

08 58 12.8 -19 11 31; Hya

Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 19°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', very small brighter core. A mag 10.1 star is 2.3' NNW and a mag 8.4 star (HD 76772) is 9' WNW. Located 20' W of mag 6.2 HD 77084 and a similar distance SSE of a mag 7.1 star (HD 76784).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 524 = J. 2-628 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, nearly round. I suspect, at times, a small bright point in the center of the nebulosity." His position is accurate.

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IC 525 = UGC 4735 = MCG +00-23-019 = CGCG 005-046 = KIG 295 = PGC 25344

09 01 22.5 -01 51 14; Hya

V = 14.6; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 10°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 375x; faint, very elongated 3:1 N-S, very low even surface brightness, 0.9'x0.3'.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 525 = J. 2-629 on 20 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, little extended, peu étendue, elongated along the meridian [N-S], without condensation." His position is accurate.

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IC 526 = MCG +02-23-022 = CGCG 061-046 = PGC 25401

09 02 40.8 +10 50 30; Cnc

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 45°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 NW-SE, small slightly brighter core, but fairly uniform surface brightness, 40" major axis. A mag 9.4 star is 6.5' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 526 = J. 2-630 on 19 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 527 = UGC 4810 = MCG +06-20-039 = CGCG 180-049 = PGC 25821

09 09 41.9 +37 36 04; Lyn

V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0

17.5" (4/5/97): faint, fairly small, round, 1.2' diameter, gradually increases to a slightly brighter core. On line with mag 12.5 and 10.5 stars to the NW [2.3' and 5.2', respectively]. Located 13' E of NGC 2759. Forms a pair with CGCG 180-050 6.5' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 527 = Sw. 9-20 on 19 April 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pL; R; ee dif; 2759 in field sf." His position is a good match with UGC 4810 although NGC 2759 lies to the west-northwest.

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IC 528 = HCG 36A = UGC 4811 = MCG +03-24-001 = CGCG 091-008 = PGC 25783

09 09 22.6 +15 47 46; Cnc

V = 14.1; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 163°

48" (4/1/11): at 488x appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a small, very bright core. Brightest of 5 close galaxies in HCG 36 with "36C" 50" NW, "36B" 1.1' NE, "36D" 1.1' S and SDSS J090920.83+154747.3 25" W. Located 1.8' SE of mag 8.9 HD 78574. This bright star affected the view of HCG 36B.

17.5" (4/5/97): faint, moderately large, elongated ~3:1 NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.4'. Contains a brighter core with faint tapering extensions. View hampered by a mag 9 star (SAO 98393) just 1.8' NE. This galaxy is the brightest in HCG 36 and the only member viewed. It lies in the foreground of the other members of the quartet.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 528 = J. 2-631 on 12 Dec 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, mottled, Nucl =13m" and measured an accurate position.

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IC 529 = UGC 4888 = MCG +12-09-035 = CGCG 332-038 = PGC 26295

09 18 32.7 +73 45 37; Cam

V = 11.9; Size 3.6'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145°

17.5" (4/5/97): moderately bright, fairly large irregular glow, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ill-defined halo up to ~2.8'x1.4', broad concentration to an ill-defined core. A mag 14 star is just north of the SE end [1.2' from center] and a second mag 13.5-14 star is close NE [1.9' from center]. With averted vision, the outer halo increases further south than the star off the SE flank.

William Denning discovered IC 529 around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector . The discovery was apparently communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 530 = UGC 4880 = MCG +02-24-003 = CGCG 062-010 = KIG 319 = Holm 114a = PGC 26101

09 15 17.0 +11 53 08; Cnc

V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.4'; PA = 87°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; relatively bright (for an IC), fairly large edge-on, ~4:1 E-W, ~1.0'x0.25, but with averted vision appears to extend up to 1.5' in length. Contains a bright, elongated core. A mag 9.8 star is 3.7' N and a mag 13.5 star is 3' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 530 = J. 1-158 on 22 Mar 1892.

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IC 531 = UGC 4923 = MCG +00-24-006 = CGCG 006-028 = PGC 26258

09 17 50.8 -00 16 43; Hya

V = 13.8; Size 1.7'x0.5'; PA = 60°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1' major axis, low surface brightness, weak concentration with only a slightly brighter core. A mag 12.5 star is 1' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 531 = J. 2-632 on 9 Mar 1893.

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IC 533 = LEDA 3081596

09 20 23 -03 59 31; Hya

Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 155°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, very small, slightly elongated ~NNW-SSE, 15"x10". A mag 15 star is 1' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 533 = J. 2-633 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "extremely faint, small, poorly defined, whitish spot without condensation." HyperLEDA and SIMBAD identify this galaxy as LEDA 3081596, but are missing the IC designation.

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IC 534 = UGC 4968 = CGCG 034-033 = PGC 26471

09 21 15.5 +03 09 04; Hya

V = 14.7; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 148°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, relatively large, very thin streak ~8:1 NW-SE, ~1.5'x0.2', very low nearly even surface brightness, slightly brighter middle. A mag 13.5 star is 1.5' N of center and a mag 13.8 star is 1.9' SE (aligned with major axis). NGC 2858 lies 28' due east.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 534 = J. 2-634 on 17 Apr 1893. He described it as "very faint, small, diffuse. Appears as a whitish spot of uniform brightness." His position is accurate.

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IC 535 = CGCG 006-034 = PGC 26524

09 22 16.2 -01 02 25; Hya

V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. A small triangle of mag 14-15.5 stars is 2' SSW. Mag 8.6 HD 80916 is 4.5' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 535 = J. 2-635 on 20 Mar 1893. He recorded it as "faint, round, very small, without condensation."

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IC 536 = UGC 5006 = MCG +04-22-045 = CGCG 121-084 = PGC 26669

09 24 40.1 +25 06 37; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 1.2'x0.2'; PA = 24°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, extends with averted to ~50"x20". A mag 10.3 star is less than 5' NW. Located 16' ESE of mag 6.4 HD 80956.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 536 = J. 1-159 on 28 Mar 1892. His description reads "faint, round, 30" diameter, with slight central condensation." His position is off the northeast end of the galaxy (error in offset star?).

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IC 537 = MCG -02-24-020 = PGC 26717

09 25 22.6 -12 23 30; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1

48" (5/9/21): at 375x; fairly bright, round, strong concentration, very bright core that increases somewhat to the center, much lower surface brightness halo ~45" diameter. A mag 13.1 star is off the south side, 0.7' from center. NGC 2881 = Arp 275 is 25' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 537 = J. 1-160 on 19 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 538 = NGC 2885 = UGC 5037 = MCG +04-22-058 = CGCG 121-098 = PGC 26943

09 27 18.5 +23 01 12; Leo

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 80°

17.5" (4/13/91): faint, very small, round, stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is 40" E of center and a mag 14 star is 2' NW. Located 8' NW of mag 8.5 SAO 80841. Brightest in a trio with CGCG 121-099 1.8' ENE and IC 2474 1.8' NW. Incorrect identification in RNGC.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 538 = Big. 154 on 21 Mar 1890. His position (from 4 observations) matches NGC 2885. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 24 Feb 1827, but his RA (noted as uncertain) was 25 seconds too large and Bigourdan noted "does not appear to be NGC 2885". Dreyer noted the possible equivalence, though, in the IC description. MCG labels NGC 2885 as IC 538 only. See NGC 2885 for more.

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IC 539 = UGC 5054 = MCG +00-24-017 = CGCG 006-047 = PGC 26909

09 29 08.2 -02 32 57; Hya

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~25"x20", weak concentration with slightly brighter nucleus. Two small chains of mag 13 and fainter stars extend to the north and northwest. IC 539 is located 13' N of mag 4.9 Tau1 Hya. A mag 7 companion is 1.1' to its north and the pair (cataloged as HJ 1167) is collinear with the galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 539 = J. 2-636 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is good.

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IC 540 = UGC 5064 = MCG +01-24-025 = CGCG 034-054 = PGC 26968

09 30 10.3 +07 54 10 ; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 171°

24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly diffuse, very elongated ~3:1 N-S, ~45"x15", low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 10 star is 5' NNE. Located 30' SE of 5.7-mag 3 Leonis. NGC 2894 lies 15' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 540 = J. 2-637 on 10 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 542 = MCG -02-24-031 = PGC 27012

09 31 06.2 -13 10 53; Hya

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 95°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 E-W, fairly even surface brightness, 30"x10". A half-dozen mag 13-13.5 stars are within 4'.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 542 = J. 1-161 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 544 = MCG +04-23-012 = CGCG 122-025 = PGC 27293

09 35 53.4 +24 53 42; Leo

Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 24°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 30" length, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 545 4.3' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 544 = J. 1-162, along with nearby IC 545, on 21 Mar 1892. His description reads "very faint, poorly defined, difficult."

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IC 545 = MCG +04-23-013 = CGCG 122-027 = Ark 205 = PGC 27307

09 36 05.4 +24 56 56; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7

24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, very small, round, 15". A mag 14 star is close off the E edge, 0.4' from center. This galaxy is a patchy blue spiral. Forms a pair with IC 544 4.3' SW. Located 29' NW of mag 6.6 9 Leonis.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 545 = J. 1-163, along with nearby IC 544, on 21 Mar 1892. He recorded "faint, elongated following the diurnal movement [E-W]. Precedes a small star." His position is accurate.

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IC 546 = MCG -03-25-007 = PGC 27234

09 34 50.2 -16 23 04; Hya

Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 100°

24" (2/13/18): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, 25"x20" diameter. A mag 13.7 star is attached on the north side. Located 5' WNW of NGC 2924 and 3' E of mag 7.8 HD 82927, a wide unequal pair.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 546 = J. 1-164 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 547 = NGC 2947 = IC 2494 = MCG -02-25-004 = PGC 27309

09 36 05.8 -12 26 13; Hya

V = 12.4; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 25°

17.5" (3/25/95): fairly faint, round, 1.2' diameter, almost even surface brightness, well-defined outer edge to halo. Two mag 11 stars are off the SE edge 1.6' and 2.1' from the center. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in the RNGC.

Stephane Javelle found IC 547 = J. 1-165 on 20 Apr 1892 and recorded "pB, small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration". His position matches MCG -02-25-004 = PGC 27309. This galaxy was discovered by Leavenworth on 6 May 1886, but his rough position was 2 minutes of RA too large. Since NGC 2947 matches in declination, and the Leander McCormick positions are generally 1 to 2 minutes of RA too large, the identification NGC 2947 = IC 547 is likely. This galaxy was found a third time by Swift and catalogued as Sw. 11-95 (later IC 2494), with an accurate position from Howe. Dreyer missed the two IC equivalences. MCG labels the galaxy as IC 547 only. Corwin notes "It is, so far as I know now (May 2003), the only object to have an entry in all three of Dreyer's catalogues."

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IC 548 = CGCG 063-024 = WBL 228-003 = PGC 27463

09 38 19.3 +09 26 46; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 166°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~15"x8". Situated between two faint stars; a mag 15.5 star is 0.9' NE and a mag 15.7 star is 0.6' SSW. IC 548 is the third in a trio (line of sight) with NGC 2939 5.5' NW and NGC 2940 11' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 548 = J. 2-638 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 549 = MCG +01-25-010 = CGCG 035-027 = PGC 27622

09 40 43.2 +03 57 35; Hya

Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 0°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 N-S, ~25"x18", low surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is 1' NW, with similar stars 2' NE and 2' SW. NGC 2960 lies 23' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 549 = J. 2-639 on 19 Feb 1894. He recorded "very faint, small, irregular form, central condensation." The IC position is 1.6' too far north.

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IC 550 = MCG -01-25-014 = PGC 27607

09 40 28.6 -06 56 46; Hya

Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 32°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; nearly moderately bright, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6' diameter, bright core increases gradually to a small bright nucleus. Located less than 5' SW of mag 7.7 HD 83792 and best with star out of the field.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 550 = J. 2-640 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "faint, extremely small, stellar [nebula]."

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IC 551 = UGC 5168 = MCG +01-25-012 = CGCG 035-029 = PGC 27645

09 41 00.1 +06 56 10; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 155°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; moderately bright, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~0.6' diameter, good surface brightness, small bright core increases somewhat to the center. NGC 2948 is 30' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 551 = J. 2-641 on 10 Apr 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, surrounds a stellar nucleus of 13th mag." His position is accurate.

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IC 552 = UGC 5171 = MCG +02-25-017 = CGCG 063-038 = PGC 27665

09 41 16.6 +10 38 49; Leo

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 176°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus.

CGCG 063-042, situated 3.7' E, appeared extremely faint, round, 12" to 15" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 552 = J. 1-166 on 23 Apr 1892. His description reads "faint, round, 10" diameter, small nucleus of 14th mag, stellar [nucleus?]." His position is accurate.

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IC 553 = MCG -01-25-016 = PGC 27625

09 40 45.1 -05 26 07; Hya

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 118°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is close SE [0.9' from center]. Arp 253 pair of edge-ons is 40' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 553 = J. 2-642 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, round, 20" in diameter." His position is accurate.

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IC 554 = IC 555 = UGC 5178 = MCG +02-25-020 = CGCG 063-047 = PGC 27716

09 41 56.9 +12 17 47; Leo

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 18°

See observing notes for IC 555.

Lewis Swift found IC 554 = Sw. 10A-1 on 28 Mar 1892 and recorded "eeF, eS, almost stellar." This was the first object in a short list of 8 nebulae published in MNRAS Vol. LIII, p.273, in his last year observing at the Warner Observatory in Rochester. There is nothing near his position, but 9' SSE is IC 555, which Stephane Javelle discovered just 6 nights earlier! So, it's reasonable to assume IC 554 is a duplicate observation of IC 555 given Swift's often poor positions in his later years. Courtney Seligman questions this identification due to the discrepant descriptions (Javelled called the galaxy "pretty bright"), but Javelle was using a much larger refractor.

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IC 555 = IC 554 = UGC 5178 = MCG +02-25-020 = CGCG 063-047 = PGC 27716

09 41 56.9 +12 17 47; Leo

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 18°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE. 35"x15", sharply concentrated with a bright elongated core and stellar nucleus. The extensions have a low surface brightness. A mag 10.8 star lies 3.7' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 555 = J. 1-167 on 22 Mar 1892. Described as "pretty bright, round, about 10" diameter, central condensation."

The galaxy was probably found again by Lewis Swift 6 nights later and reported as the first object in a short list that appeared between his 10th and 11th formal lists. Swift's declination for Sw. 10A-1 (later IC 554) was 8' too far north.

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IC 556 = NGC 2984 = UGC 5200 = MCG +02-25-025 = CGCG 063-053 = PGC 27838

09 43 40.4 +11 03 39; Leo

V = 13.4; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6

17.5" (4/1/00): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. The halo, which fades at the edges, increases to ~0.6' with averted vision. A mag 14.5 star is close SSW (33" from center) and a slightly brighter star lies 0.9' NE.

NGC 2984 forms a pair with IC 557 7' SE. The companion appeared faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15", weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus at moments. The elongation was not always evident, so often I was just viewing the slightly brighter core.

Stephane Javelle found IC 556 = J. 1-168 on 22 Apr 1892 and reported "F, vS, R, nucleus = 14th mag". His position matches UGC 5200.

This galaxy was probably discovered by William Herschel on 15 Mar 1784 and catalogued as H. III-34 (later NGC 2984), but his position was unusually poor -- 1 min 19 sec of RA west and 3.5' south of IC 556. Karl Reinmuth mentioned he couldn't find NGC 2984 in Dreyer's place using Heidelberg plates and questioned if it was equal to IC 556. This is likely the case as there are no other reasonable candidates for NGC 2984 in the vicinity. UGC, CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 556 and RNGC calls it NGC 2984. See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 557 = MCG +02-25-027 = CGCG 063-055 = PGC 27866

09 44 02.4 +10 59 17; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 40°

17.5" (4/1/00): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15", weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus at moments. The elongation was not always evident, so often was just viewing the slightly brighter core. Located 7' SE of NGC 2984.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 557 = J. 1-169 on 22 Apr 1892. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 558 = MCG +05-23-033 = CGCG 152-063 = PGC 27931

09 45 00.4 +29 27 08; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 165°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, slightly brighter core and nearly stellar nucleus. An easy unequal double is 9' NE (BRT 247 = 10.0/11.1 at 5.3").

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 558 on 23 Feb 1889 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna.

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IC 559 = MCG +02-25-029 = CGCG 063-057 = PGC 27910

09 44 43.9 +09 36 54; Leo

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 87°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25", uniform surface brightness. A mag 10.4 star is 2' E. A similar star is 6' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 559 = J. 2-643 on 13 Apr 1893. He recorded "faint, not very large, round, 40" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate.

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IC 560 = UGC 5223 = MCG +00-25-013 = CGCG 007-030 = PGC 27998

09 45 53.4 -00 16 06 ; Sex

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 18°

24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S. Contains a very small, round bright core with a low surface brightness halo extending 0.6'x0.3'. A mag 10.8 star is just off the south side [36" SSW of center] and a mag 14.3 star is 45" W. Located 5' SSE of mag 9.0 HD 84499.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 560 = J. 2-644 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is 1' too far south due to an error in the dec of his offset star.

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IC 561 = MCG +01-25-019 = CGCG 035-049 = Holm 143C = WBL 239-001 = PGC 28002

09 45 58.9 +03 08 42 ; Sex

V = 14.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 6°

24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, fairly low uniform surface brightness, 20"-24" diameter. The close pair IC 563/564 (Arp 303) lies 7' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 561 = J. 2-645 on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 562 = MCG -01-25-036 = PGC 28011

09 46 03.9 -03 58 16; Sex

V = 14.2; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 147°

24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, very thin attractive edge-on, ~7:1 NNW-SSE, ~70"x10". Contains a slightly brighter elongated core, but no nucleus or noticeable bulge. A mag 15.3 star is off the NNW tip [56" from center]. A rough parallelogram of mag 10 stars (sides ~6'x4') lies east, with the closest star 6' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 562 = J. 2-646 on 8 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 563 = Arp 303 NED1 = MCG +01-25-022 = CGCG 035-053 = Holm 143B = WBL 239-002 = PGC 28032

09 46 20.3 +03 02 44; Sex

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 111°

24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 or 5:3, , 30"x20", low even surface brightness. Forms a close pair (Arp 303) with brighter IC 564 1.6' N. A 4' chain of four mag 11 and fainter stars extends towards the SW. In a trio (WBL 239) with IC 561 8' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 563 = J. 2-647, along with IC 564, on 12 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 564 = Arp 303 NED2 = MCG +01-25-022 = CGCG 035-053 = Holm 143a = WBL 239-003 = PGC 28032

09 46 21.1 +03 04 17; Sex

V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x0.4'; PA = 68°

24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 1.1'x0.35'. Contains a relatively large, slightly brighter central region but no distinct nucleus. Forms a close pair (Arp 303) with IC 563 1.6' S, and brightest in a trio (WBL 239) with IC 561 7' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 564 = J. 2-648, along with IC 563, on 12 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 565 = UGC 5248 = MCG +03-25-028 = CGCG 092-052 = FGC 945 = PGC 28159

09 47 50.5 +15 51 07; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 1.6'x0.2'; PA = 51°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, thin edge-on at least 6:1 SW-NE, relatively large, ~1.0'x0.15', low even surface brightness. Images show a warped disc with a small companion at the W edge.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 565 = J. 2-649 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "faint, small, poor definition, without condensation." and measured a good position.

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IC 566 = CGCG 007-044 = PGC 28279

09 49 56.4 -00 13 53; Sex

V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (3/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, very small, round, decent surface brightness, 15" diameter. Located just 4' W of mag 7.1 HD 85180.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 566 = J. 2-650 on 9 Mar 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, round, 20" or more diameter. I glimpse, at times, a very small central nucleus."

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IC 568 = UGC 5285 = MCG +03-25-031 = CGCG 092-057 = PGC 28368

09 51 08.3 +15 43 50; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.9'; PA = 16°

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~30"x24", low irregular surface brightness with only a very weak central brightening. In a faint quartet (USGC U264) with IC 570 10' ENE and IC 571/572 20' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 568 = J. 2-651, along with IC 570, 571 on 15 Jan 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 569 = MCG +02-04-053 = CGCG 063-086 = PGC 28391

09 51 28.2 +10 55 12; Leo

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 163°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness, ~20"x15". Nearly collinear with two mag 14.2/14.4 stars 1.3' S and 2.7' SSE. Located 8' ENE of mag 8.3 HD 85269 (wide pair).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 569 = J. 1-170 on 27 Jan 1892. His description reads "very faint, poorly defined, with a very slight condensation."

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IC 570 = MCG +03-25-032 = CGCG 092-060 = PGC 28407

09 51 51.0 +15 45 21; Leo

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 60°

24" (4/13/18): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, 12" diameter, low even surface brightness, requires averted to glimpse. Located 10' W of IC 571 in a faint quartet (USGC U264) with IC 572 and IC 568.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 570 = J. 2-652, along with IC 568, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.

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IC 571 = MCG +03-25-035 = CGCG 092-063 = PGC 28445

09 52 31.6 +15 46 32; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 0°

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, slightly brighter stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. Similar to IC 572 3.1' N. Member of a quartet (USGC U264) with IC 570, 571 and 572.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 571 = J. 2-653, along with IC 572, on 15-16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 572 = Ark 220 = MCG +03-25-036 = CGCG 092-064 = PGC 28456

09 52 32.8 +15 49 37; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very weak concentration. Similar to IC 571 3.1' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 572 = J. 2-65, along with IC 571, on 16 Dec 1893.

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IC 573 = NGC 3058 = MCG -02-25-026 = VV 741 = PGC 28513

09 53 35.7 -12 28 55; Hya

V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 35°

28" (4/12/18): at 366x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~3:2 SW-NE, ~40"x25", very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 13.6 star is 1.1' W. A very close, faint pair (~6" separation) is 1.1' SSE.

NGC 3058 is interacting with NGC 3058 NED1 = LEDA 3442467, only 18" NW of center. The companion was very faint, extremely small, ~10" diameter, virtually attached to NGC 3058.

17.5" (4/15/93): faint, fairly small, round, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.0' W. A wide mag 12/13 pair at 45" separation lies 2' SSW and a mag 12/13.5 pair at 30" separation E-W lies 3.5' W.

Stephane Javelle found IC 573 = J. 1-171 on 20 Apr 1892. His position is a good match with the double system MCG -02-25-026 = PGC 28513. This galaxy was discovered by Leavenworth on 6 May 1886, but his rough RA for LM 1-159 (later NGC 3058) was two minutes too large. Leavenworth noted it was "double or bi-nuclear", so this identification is secure. Howe later measured an accurate position for NGC 3058, matching with IC 573. Because of the unambiguous position for IC 573, MCG only uses the IC designation for MCG -02-25-002

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IC 574 = MCG -01-25-056 = PGC 28569

09 54 27.0 -06 57 12; Sex

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7

18" (4/14/12): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 24"x18", small brighter core. IC 575 = Arp 292 lies 6' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 574 = J. 2-655, along with IC 575, on 9 Mar 1893. He noted "pB, S, R, 20" dia, mbM, * 12 s." and measured an accurate micrometric position

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IC 575 = Arp 292 = VV 111 = MCG -01-25-058 = PGC 28575

09 54 32.9 -06 51 27; Sex

V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.1'; PA = 126°

48" (2/20/12): this unusual system has a dust lane along the major axis and a polar-ring like disc. The galaxy appears as a fairly bright oval, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', with a small bright core. There was only a hint of the dust lane but narrow extensions or spikes were visible poking out on the NW and SE end, with the SE extension brighter. A mag 15.2 star is 1.3' NNE and two mag 13 and 14.5 stars are 2.3' SE and 1.7' SE, respectively

There are two close companions but I only noted LEDA 1028040 1.2' N. The observation was made during a period of fairly poor transparency and seeing so this galaxy would be worth revisiting. IC 575 is listed as a polar ring candidate in Whitmore et al "New observations and a photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies" (1990AJ....100.1489W)

18" (4/14/12): at 246x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 NW-SE, ~28"x21", only a very weak broad concentration with no core or zones. The extensions seen in the 48" were not resolved. IC 574 lies 6' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 575 = J. 2-656, along with IC 574, on 9 Mar 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 576 = Mrk 1240 = CGCG 063-104 = PGC 28603

09 55 07.0 +11 02 22; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'; PA = 168°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A 12" pair is 5' ENE. Several faint stars are close north, including four in an E-W chain.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 576 = J. 1-172 on 27 Jan 1892. He logged it as "very faint, round, 10" diameter." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 577 = UGC 5334 = MCG +02-26-001 = CGCG 064-002 = PGC 28662

09 56 04.0 +10 29 56; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'

24" (4/13/18): at 200x; very faint, small glow with a mag 14.5 star superimposed at the south edge, 25" diameter. Forms a pair (KPG 220) with IC 578 3' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 577 = J. 1-173, along with IC 578, on 22 Mar 1892. His position is accurate. The description should read "F * s[outh]", instead of "F * n"

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IC 578 = UGC 5337 = MCG +02-26-002 = CGCG 064-004 = PGC 28674

09 56 16.1 +10 29 10; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.45'; PA = 70°

24" (4/13/18): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~WSW-ENE, ~30"x20", very small slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a physical pair (KPG 220 at z = .03) with IC 577, 3' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 578 = J. 1-174, along with IC 577, on 22 Mar 1892. His position is just off the northwest edge of UGC 5337 (similar offset as IC 577, so probably due to poor coordinates of the offset star).

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IC 579 = MCG -02-26-005 = PGC 28702

09 56 39.4 -13 46 30; Hya

V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 132°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; very faint (at best), fairly small, elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness. It was challenging to see the shape clearly, but seemed at times elongated 3:1, ~0.6'x0.2'. More difficult to see when I increased to 226x. Located 19' S of mag 6.8 HD 86173.

The identification of this galaxy as IC 579 is very uncertain (due to a poor discovery position) and the number is probably lost.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 579 = Sw. 8-50 on 25 Mar 1889 and reported "pF; pS; R." There is nothing near his position and a search due east or west didn't reveal any possible candidates. Harold Corwin suggests this number may apply to MCG -02-26-005 = PGC 28702, which is 23' due north of Swift's position, although this would imply an unusual error in declination. There are similar galaxies about 15' NW and 15' ENE of Swift's positions, but these galaxies differ in both RA and Dec. As Swift didn't leave any description of the star field, the identification IC 579 = PGC 28702 is just a suggestion, without any compelling evidence. Courtney Seligman considers the number as non-existent or lost.

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IC 580 = NGC 3069 = MCG +02-26-005 = CGCG 064-010 = PGC 28788

09 57 56.7 +10 25 57; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 166°

13.1" (4/10/86): very faint, very small. Located on a line with NGC 3070 5.0' SSE and 30" pair of mag 13/14.5 stars 2' NNW.

Stephane Javelle found IC 580 = J. 1-175 on 22 Mar 1892 and recorded "pF, vS, irr form." His position is very close north of NGC 3069. CGCG labels this galaxy IC 580, but it is clear NGC 3069 = IC 580. J.L.E. Dreyer discovered NGC 3069 on 15 Mar 1877 as LdR's assistant. While observing NGC 3070 he noted "5' nnp is an object which I have little doubt is a vF, vS, neb, perhaps lE. Clouds."

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IC 581 = UGC 5352 = MCG +03-26-008 = CGCG 093-010 = PGC 28800

09 58 11.6 +15 56 49; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 130°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", occasional very faint stellar nucleus. A mag 12.8 star is 1.3' N. A very faint, nearly stellar galaxy (LEDA 1497460) is 1.3' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 581 = J. 2-657 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "quite bright, not large, ill-defined, envelops a core of 13th mag." His position is accurate.

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IC 582 = UGC 5362 = MCG +03-26-011 = CGCG 093-016 = Holm 155a = PGC 28838

09 59 00.2 +17 49 02; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'

24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~36"x30". Slightly irregular surface brightness with a very small slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a close (physical) pair (Holm 155 at z = .025) with fainter IC 583 1.2' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 582 = J. 2-658, along with IC 583, on 16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 583 = UGC 5363 = MCG +03-26-012 = CGCG 093-017 = Holm 155B = PGC 28844

09 59 05.1 +17 49 17; Leo

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.15'; PA = 113°

24" (4/13/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness, ~30"x10". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 582 just 1.2' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 583 = J. 2-658, along with IC 582, on 16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 584 = Ark 226 = MCG +02-26-010 = CGCG 064-015 = PGC 28839

09 59 05.1 +10 21 40; Leo

V = 14.8; Size 0.35'x0.35'

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Often appeared elongated N-S (~20" total length), but this is due to a mag 15.8 star at the south edge. Located 7.5' SE of mag 7.1 HD 86435 and 14' E of NGC 3070.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 584 = J. 1-176 on 28 Jan 1892. He described it as "extremely faint, roughly round, 20" to 30" diameter, no concentration."

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IC 585 = UGC 5371 = MCG +02-26-014 = PGC 28897

09 59 44.2 +12 59 18; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4

17.5" (3/29/97): faint, small, round, bright core, 40" diameter. Located 4.4' SW of NGC 3080 and 2.9' SSW of a mag 13.5 star (mentioned in observation of NGC 3080). Very similar size and magnitude as NGC 3080 and surprisingly, possibly easier visually due a brighter core.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 585 = Big. 157 on 18 Mar 1890. His Comptes Rendus position is about 2' too far north (but matches in RA) and there is no mention of nearby N3080.

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IC 586 = MCG -01-26-004 = PGC 28906

09 59 50.3 -06 55 22; Sex

Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, broad and weak concentration. Nearly on the line connecting a mag 14.3 star 1.5' NW and a mag 11.3 star 2.7' NW. A mag 10 star is 3.5' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 586 = J. 2-660 on 9 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, poorly defined, mottled appearance." His position is accurate.

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IC 587 = UGC 5411 = MCG +00-26-012 = CGCG 008-028 = PGC 29127

10 03 05.2 -02 24 00; Sex

V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 106°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint low surface brightness oval, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 35"x20", no core or zones.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 587 = J. 2-661 on 20 Mar 1893. There is nothing at his position, but if his offsets are reversed in direction. Once corrected his position matches UGC 5411.

The MCG identifies this galaxy only as -00-26-012 and the CGCG as 470-028. Neither list the IC identity, though the online databases NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD do.

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IC 588 = UGC 5399 = MCG +01-26-010 = CGCG 036-023 = PGC 29057

10 02 07.0 +03 03 28; Sex

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 164°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 30"x15", contains a very small bright core with faint extensions. Visible steadily with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 2.5' W and a mag 10.9 star is 5' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 588 = J. 2-662 on 17 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 589 = LEDA 154597

10 04 23.9 -05 40 44; Sex

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 20°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 20"-24" diameter, occasionally a very small brighter nucleus popped. Double star HJ 150 = 11.8/11.9 at 13" is 9' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 589 = J. 2-663 on 9 Mar 1893. He noted "very faint, very small, ill-defined, seems to have, at times, two centers of condensation." His position is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD do not identify LEDA 154597 as IC 589.

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IC 590 = UGC 5443 = MCG +00-26-018 = CGCG 008-037 = PGC 29316

10 05 50.2 +00 37 59; Sex

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'

24" (4/14/18): at 282x and 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE. The twin nuclei (separation 13") of this merged double system were immediately resolved within a common halo. With careful viewing two overlapping haloes were visible, each ~15"-20" diameter. The nuclei are oriented NW and SE with the NW nucleus slightly brighter and clearly stellar. The eastern halo is possibly slightly larger and the nucleus was quasi-stellar. A mag 12.6 star is 1' WNW. Located 1.1° NW of mag 4.5 Alpha Sextans.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 590 = J. 2-664 on 11 Mar 1893 and wrote "faint, diffuse, appears as a double star surrounded by nebulosity". Javelle's description implies he resolved both nuclei in this close double system.

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IC 591 = UGC 5458 = MCG +02-26-025 = Todd 22 = Ark 231 = PGC 29435

10 07 27.7 +12 16 28; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 170°

24" (3/31/22 and 4/15/23): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 N-S, ~40"x25", broad concentration. The brighter core region is rounder. Located 23' NNW of Regulus and 15' W of the center of the Leo I dwarf.

17.5" (2/13/88): faint, small, slightly elongated, even surface brightness. Located 15' W of center of dwarf galaxy Leo I in the same 140x field (35')!

David Todd discovered IC 591 = Todd 22 = J. 1-177 on 6 Feb 1878 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet using the 26-inch Clark refractor at USNO. It was not assigned an NGC designation as no position was given. But Harold Corwin found his sketch is a good match with UGC 5458, specifically a mag 13 star that is 86 seconds of time west, along with a pair of stars that are roughly 5' ENE of IC 591.

Stephane Javelle independently discovered this galaxy on 31 Mar 1892, so the IC position is accurate. UGC doesn't label UGC 5458 as IC 591.

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IC 592 = UGC 5465 = MCG +00-26-020 = CGCG 008-045 = PGC 29465

10 07 58.8 -02 29 50; Sex

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (4/14/18): at 282x; faint, small, round, at most 30" diameter, low surface brightness. The view was significantly affected by mag 7.7 HD 87888, just 1.5' SSW. Forms a pair with IC 593 5' ESE. Part of a small group (USGC U282) at z = .02 (~275 million l.y.)

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 592 = J. 2-665, along with IC 593, on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 593 = UGC 5469 = MCG +00-26-021 = CGCG 008-047 = PGC 29482

10 08 18.0 -02 31 36; Sex

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 97°

24" (4/14/18): at 282x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. Located 5' E of mag 7.7 HD 87888, far enough away to keep outside the field. Forms a pair with IC 592 5' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 593 = J. 2-666, along with IC 592, on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 594 = UGC 5472 = MCG +00-26-023 = CGCG 008-049 = CIG 401 = PGC 29496

10 08 32.0 -00 40 01; Sex

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 127°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, low uniform surface brightness, 40"x15". Situated just 2' S of mag 9.7 HD 87958, among a group of scattered stars. Located 20' SSE of mag 4.5 Alpha Sextans.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 594 = J. 2-667 on 17 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, small, round, 30" in diameter, gradually condensed, looks grainy." His position is accurate.

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IC 595 = CGCG 064-081 = PGC 29555

10 09 38.1 +11 00 01; Leo

V = 14.3; Size 0.7x0.5'; PA = 170°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is 3' ENE and an equilateral triangle (sides 2') of mag 14-14.5 stars is ~8' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 595 = J. 1-178 on 28 Jan 1892. Recorded as "faint, small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration." His position is accurate.

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IC 596 = MCG +02-26-030 = CGCG 064-084 = PGC 29621

10 10 31.4 +10 02 33; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 19°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15", weak concentration, slightly brighter nucleus. Three mag 13-14 stars to N and NE, the closest one is 2' N. Two mag 14 stars to SW, closest is 2' SW. Located 39' ENE of mag 4.4 31 Leonis.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 596 = J. 2-668 on 18 Apr 1893. Noted as "faint, small, poorly defined, diffuse." His position is accurate.

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IC 597 = LEDA 154761

10 10 12.0 -06 53 57; Sex

Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 170°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', low surface brightness. MCG -01-26-029, located 10.5' ESE, appeared very faint, round, 30" diameter, low uniform surface brightness (face-on spiral).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 597 = J. 2-669 on 4 May 1893. Described as "faint, small, round, 20" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD fail to recognize LEDA 154761 as IC 597 since it is missing from the PGC.

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IC 598 = UGC 5502 = MCG +07-21-016 = CGCG 211-017 = KUG 1009+433 = PGC 29745

10 12 48.6 +43 08 44; UMa

V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.45'; PA = 7°

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.35'. Contains a small high surface brightness core with much fainter wings N-S. Located 49' WNW of mag 3.4 Lambda UMa (Tania Borealis).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 598 = Sw. 8-51 on 27 Mar 1889 and reported "vF; vS; R; BM. Almost stellar." There is nothing at his position, but 6.6' SSW is UGC 5502, the brightest nearby galaxy. This is almost certainly IC 598, though I'm surprised Swift called it round as it was clearly elongated.

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IC 599 = MCG -01-26-032 = PGC 29771

10 13 12.5 -05 37 44; Sex

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 36°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15". A mag 15 star is 1.6' SSE and a mag 11.2 star is 5' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 599 = J. 2-670 on 4 May 1890. He recorded "Quite faint, small, poorly defined, very slightly condensed."

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IC 600 = VV 97 = MCG +00-26-034 = CGCG 008-085 = UGCA 209 = PGC 30041

10 17 10.9 -03 29 52; Sex

V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 25°

17.5" (3/25/95): faint, moderately large, 1.5' diameter, irregularly round, broad concentration, low surface brightness. Forms the vertex of an obtuse isosceles triangle with a nice double star 5' N (mag 11/12 at 18" separation) and a mag 9 star (SAO 118106) 5.6' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 600 = J. 2-671 on 3 May 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 601 = MCG +01-26-033 = CGCG 036-087 = Holm 176b = PGC 30086

10 18 15.3 +07 02 19; Leo

V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 41°

17.5" (3/25/00): extremely faint, very small streak, ~20"x5". Visible with averted vision only and could not hold continuously. Located 1.3' SW of brighter IC 602.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 601 = J. 2-672, along with IC 602, on 10 Apr 1893.

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IC 602 = NGC 3186? = UGC 5561 = MCG +01-26-034 = CGCG 036-089 = Ark 237 = Holm 176a = PGC 30090

10 18 19.7 +07 02 57; Leo

V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 177°

17.5" (3/25/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core. A mag 12 star is just off the SW end. A group of 4 stars (trapezoid outline) is 4' NE. Forms a pair with much fainter IC 601 1.3' SW (see notes). MCG +01-26-032 (identified as NGC 3186 in RNGC) lies 11' SW.

17.5" (3/22/96): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.8'x0.6'. A mag 12.5-13 star is just off the SW side 35" from center. A nearly square asterism of mag 11.5-14 stars with sides ~1.5' lies 4' NE. Forms a pair with IC 601 1.3' SW (not seen).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 602 = J. 2-673, along with IC 601, on 10 Apr 1893. NGC 3186 may be identical to IC 602. See that number for the story.

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IC 603 = MCG -01-26-041 = PGC 30166

10 19 25.1 -05 39 22; Sex

Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 155°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated 5:4 NNW-SSE, 35" diameter, a little brighter core, occasional brighter nucleus flashed. The problem is mag 9.3 SAO 137488 just 1.4' N, which disturbs the view.

MCG -01-26-040, just 3.5' NW, appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. At 375x a stellar nucleus occasionally popped.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 603 = J. 2-674 on 4 May 1893. He noted "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." Host of SN 2002jm.

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IC 604 = NGC 3220 = UGC 5614 = MCG +10-15-073 = CGCG 290-034 = Holm 182b = WBL 265-004 = PGC 30462

10 23 45.2 +57 01 38; UMa

V = 13.0; Size 1.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 96°

See observing notes for NGC 3220.

Lewis Swift found IC 604 = Sw. 9-22 on 8 Aug 1890 and reported "eeeF; vS; eeE; spindle; ? several eeF st[ars] in a line." His position and description matches NGC 3220 = UGC 5614. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 8 Apr 1793 and also recorded an accurate position (offset). Dreyer apparently missed the match in position, but NGC 3220 = IC 604.

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IC 605 = UGC 5606 = MCG +00-27-003 = CGCG 009-010 = PGC 30363

10 22 24.1 +01 11 54; Sex

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 9°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 375x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly uniform surface brightness. Located 6' NW and of mag 8.4 HD 118267 and 5' NE of mag 9.1 HD 89823.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 605 = J. 2-675 on 11 Mar 1893. He noted "faint, roughly round, 30" diameter, gradually condensed."

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IC 606 = NGC 3217 = Mrk 721 = VIII Zw 074 = MCG +02-27-006 = CGCG 065-017 = Todd 29 = PGC 30448

10 23 32.6 +10 57 35; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 30°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; between faint and pretty faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter center. A mag 14.3 star is 1.4' SW. Located 25' NW of mag 6.8 HD 90123.

18" (3/11/07): faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', weak concentration. Situated in a small group of mag 13-14 stars and a mag 11.6 star 2.6' SE. Discovered by David Todd in his search for a trans-Neptunian planet and equivalent to IC 606.

Stephane Javelle found IC 606 = J. 2-676 on 18 Apr 1893. His position matches CGCG 065-017 = PGC 30448. David Todd discovered this galaxy on 4 Mar 1878 using the 26-inch Clark refractor at the US Naval Observatory during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. His position for Todd 29 (later NGC 3217) was 2.1 minutes of RA too far west and 4' too far south, but his sketch shows two nearby stars that match this galaxy. So NGC 3217 = IC 606. PGC, MCG, CGCG and SIMBAD (and amateur software such as Megastar) use the IC designation only and RNGC misclassifies NGC 3217 as nonexistent. NED and HyperLeda equate the two identities.

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IC 607 = Arp 43 = UGC 5628 = MCG +03-27-018 = CGCG 094-030 = PGC 30496

10 24 08.6 +16 44 31; Leo

V = 13.2; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 110°

28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregular round, ~0.8' diameter. Contains a small, slightly brighter nucleus. Occasionally a slightly brighter spot appeared on the north side [brightening at the end of the central bar]. A mag 14.3 star is just off the SW side [45" from center]. Two mag 12.5 stars lie 3' and 4' SE

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, round, low surface brightness, ~50" diameter, slightly brighter core, very faint nucleus (possibly stellar). A mag 14.3 star is 45" SW. A 1' pair of mag 12/12.5 stars 3'-4' SE is collinear with the galaxy. Located 28' SW of NGC 3239 = Arp 263.

CGCG 094-033 lies 6' ESE. It appeared extremely faint, very small, seems elongated (difficult to confirm) NW-SE, 15"x10", requires averted. A mag 12 star is 1.9' due west.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 607 = Sw. 8-52 on 29 Mar 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; * near sp; 2 near sf point to it; ee difficult." His position is 2' too far north, but the description is a perfect match with Arp 43.

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IC 608 = MCG -01-27-008 = PGC 30500

10 24 21.1 -06 02 21; Sex

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 108°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, 30" diameter, diffuse with a low surface brightness, very slightly brighter center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 608 = J. 2-677 on 4 May 1893. Described as "faint, small, round, 30" diameter, even surface brightness." His position is accurate.

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IC 609 = Arp 44 = VV 354a = UGC 5641 = MCG +00-27-009 = CGCG 009-026 = PGC 30600

10 25 35.5 -02 12 56; Sex

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 10°

17.5" (3/29/97): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8', very weak concentration. An unequal pair of mag 13/14.5 stars [at 36" separation] lies 3.5' W. The nearby companion PGC 1097822 (not a physical pair) was not seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 609 = J. 2-678 on 21 Mar 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 610 = IC 611 = UGC 5653 = MCG +03-27-034 = CGCG 094-052 = FGC 1067 = PGC 30670

10 26 28.4 +20 13 42; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 1.8'x0.25'; PA = 28°

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately faint, very nice edge-on, fairly large, pretty uniform in thickness and brightness, ~1.6'x0.25', just a very slight central brightening and bulge. A wide pair of mag 10/11 stars at 1.1' separation is 5' N. IC 610 is located 4.8' SE of mag 9.1 HD 90360 (a double star is 1' to its south) and 48' NE of the NGC 3226/3227 pair (Arp 94).

Édouard Stephan first discovered IC 610 = Sw. 8-53 on 13 Mar 1874. His RA was just 2 seconds too small, though he never published this observation and this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.

Lewis Swift discovered it again on 20 Apr 1889 (after the publication of the NGC) and reported it in his 8th discovery list as "eeF; pS; cE; in center of semicircle of 3 wide D st; ee diff." His RA was 12 seconds too small. Swift apparently found this edge-on again just 2 nights later and called it "eF; S; lE." His position is just 1.4' to the NW. Since his positions for #53 and #54 were fairly similar, it's surprising neither Swift nor Dreyer questioned if they were identical.

CGCG and MCG only identify this galaxy as IC 611.

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IC 611 = IC 610 = UGC 5653 = MCG +03-27-034 = CGCG 094-052 = FGC 1067 = PGC 30670

10 26 28.4 +20 13 42; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 1.8'x0.25'; PA = 28°

Lewis Swift found IC 611 = Sw. 8-54 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; S; lE." His position is less than 2' NW of IC 610, discovered two night earlier by Swift! See IC 610.

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IC 612 = MCG +02-27-019 = CGCG 065-039 = PGC 30729

10 27 05.8 +11 03 17; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 0°

17.5" (5/19/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Forms the northern vertex of a small triangle with two mag 13 stars 40" SSW and 46" SE. Located in the core of AGC 1016 with IC 613 lies 2.7' S and IC 615 4.2' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 612 = J. 2-679, along with IC 613 and 615 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 613 = MCG +02-27-018 = CGCG 065-038 = PGC 30728

10 27 07.8 +11 00 39; Leo

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'

17.5" (5/19/01): faint, small, round, 0.6', low surface brightness. A mag 11 star lies 1.9' W. In the core of AGC 1016 with IC 612 2.7' N and IC 615 5.4' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 613 = J. 2-680, along with IC 612 and 615 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 614 = MCG +00-27-015 = CGCG 009-039 = WBL 272-002 = PGC 30699

10 26 51.9 -03 27 53; Sex

Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 17°

48" (4/18/15): at 697x; this Ring galaxy appeared moderately bright, round, sharply concentrated with a small bright core about 12" diameter and a low surface brightness halo ~30" diameter. The ring feature (brighter rim) was not seen.

IC 614 is classified as a Collisional Ring Galaxy in Madore's 2009 "Atlas and Catalogue of Collisional Ring Galaxies". The collider is supposedly on the north side of the ring, but there is no distinct object at this position on the SDSS. The nucleus is a Sy2.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 614 = J. 2-681 on 3 May 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 615 = UGC 5665 = MCG +02-27-020 = CGCG 065-041 = PGC 30751

10 27 22.1 +11 04 47; Leo

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 143°

17.5" (5/19/01): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness. Extended towards a mag 13 star 2' SE of center. Brightest of trio in core of AGC 1016 with IC 613 4.2' SW and IC 612 5.4' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 615 = J. 2-682, along with IC 612 and 613 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 616 = UGC 5730 = MCG +03-27-060 = CGCG 094-087 = Holm 200A = PGC 31159

10 32 47.6 +15 51 39; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.0

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 30"-40" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 13.7 star is 1.5' SE. Two mag 11.2/11.6 stars situated 5.5' and 8' WNW point directly to the galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 616 = J. 2-683 on 16 Dec 1893. Noted as "faint, a little extended, round(ish?), 40" diameter, without concentration."

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IC 617 = NGC 3280 = NGC 3295 = MCG -02-27-006 = MCG -02-27-007 = PGC 31153 = PGC 31156

10 32 43.7 -12 38 15; Hya

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8

See observing notes for NGC 3280.

Stephane Javelle found IC 617 = J. 1-179 on 19 Apr 1892. His position matches MCG -02-27-006/007 = PGC 31153/31156 (a third component may have been too faint). This galaxy was discovered earlier by both Andrew Ainsley Common in 1880 and Francis Leavenworth in 1886 and catalogued as NGC 3280 and 3295, respectively. Both of the earlier positions were very poor, so Javelle assumed this was a new discovery, but NGC 3280 = NGC 3295 = IC 617. See Harold Corwin's identification notes and Malcolm Thomson's IC Research Database for more.

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IC 618 = NGC 3296 = PGC 31155

10 32 45.4 -12 43 03; Hya

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2

See observing notes for NGC 3296.

Stephane Javelle found IC 618 = J. 1-180 on 19 Apr 1892 and reported "faint, small, elongated E-W, slightly brighter center." His position matches PGC 31155. This galaxy was discovered by Leavenworth on 26 Feb 1886, but his rough RA for LM 1-174 (later NGC 3296) is 2.7 minutes too large. Howe measured a corrected position for NGC 3296 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes section), which clearly establishes NGC 3296 = IC 618. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 619 = UGC 5735 = MCG +02-27-025 = CGCG 065-056 = PGC 31235

10 33 50.0 +12 52 42; Leo

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 177°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, low surface brightness, very weak concentration, at most 30" diameter.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 619 = Sw. 8-55 on 21 Apr 1889. His description reads "eeF; S; R; a pretty large triangle of 3 faint stars following, one a very faint double." There is nothing at all near his position. CGCG 065-048 is about 30' W, but the star field doesn't match the description. UGC 5735 is 20' N and ~20 seconds of RA east of Swift's position, but there is a faint triangle to the southeast, with one of the stars a double, so this identification is plausible. Malcolm Thomson listed UGC 5735 as a "Possible candidate" and Corwin asserts IC 619 = UGC 5735 based on the description. PGC and HyperLEDA identify this galaxy as UGC 5735 only and have no entry for IC 619.

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IC 620 = CGCG 065-055 = WBL 279-005 = PGC 31215 = LEDA 2800960

10 33 33.4 +11 52 17; Leo

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 88°

24" (3/31/22 and 3/15/23): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly diffuse, nearly even surface brightness (small slightly brighter nucleus), roundish, well defined 25" halo. A mag 10.5 star is 3.4' NNE. On a line between IC 620 and this star is a dim 16th mag star and LEDA 3757313, a very compact 16th mag galaxy.

IC 620 is a double system, but the companion at the NW edge wasn't seen. It's a member of a group (WBL 279) that includes CGCG 065-51, -52, -53, -54 and LEDA 3757313.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 620 = J. 1-181 on 31 Mar 1892. Noted as "very faint, very small, poorly defined." His position corresponds with the brighter southeastern component of a double, (interacting?) system. LEDA misidentifies the fainter northwestern galaxy as IC 620 (as of 2023).

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IC 621 = CGCG 037-074 = PGC 31196

10 33 21.0 +02 36 58; Sex

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 82°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 20"-24" diameter, nearly uniform surface brightness. A wide pair of mag 10.7 and 11.5 stars are 1.5' and 2.2' SE. Situated 9' W of mag 7.8 HD 91500.

Forms a pair (same redshift) with CGCG 37-75 (often misidentified as IC 621) 4' N. The companion appeared very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", very low surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 621 = J. 2-684 on 7 Apr 1893. Described as "faint, roughly round, small spot 30" in diameter." The position is nearly midway between CGCG 037-074 and CGCG 037-075, which are separated by 4' N-S. The latter galaxy is fainter, but a little closer to the IC position and is identified as IC 621 in CGCG, PGC and HyperLeda. But Harold Corwin determined that the declination for the BD star used for Javelle's offset has an error of 2.5' too far north and once corrected, Javelle's position matches CGCG 037-074. NED and SIMBAD give the correct identifications.

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IC 622 = NGC 3279 = UGC 5741 = MCG +02-27-027 = CGCG 065-059 = FGC 1100 = Todd 30 = Holm 201a = PGC 31302

10 34 42.8 +11 11 50; Leo

V = 13.4; Size 2.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 152°

24" (4/15/23): fairly faint and relatively large edge-on, ~2.0' x 20" NNW-SSE. Broad, weak concentration but no core. Very nice. A mag 10.5 star is 3.6' N of center.

17.5" (4/13/91): faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness. UGC 5737 lies 12' W.

Lewis Swift found IC 622 = Sw. 9-23 on 29 Jan 1890 and reported "vF pS; E; 9m * s[outh]." His position is 2' W of UGC 5741 = PGC 31302 and the identification is certain, though the bright star is north, not south. This galaxy was discovered by David Todd on 5 Mar 1878 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet with the 26-inch Clark refractor at the USNO and listed as object #30 (later NGC 3279) in his search results. His position is roughly 2 minutes of RA west of UGC 5741 (not an unusual error) but his sketch shows a very elongated galaxy surrounded by stars matching the sky, so the identification NGC 3279 = IC 622 is certain. UGC and MCG label this galaxy as IC 622 and don't apply the NGC designation.

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IC 623 = UGC 5748 = MCG +01-27-017 = CGCG 037-085 = PGC 31356

10 35 21.0 +03 33 30; Sex

V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 151°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, extended ~5:2 NNW-SSE, ~40" in length, low and uniform surface brightness. A mag 15.1 star is less than 1' S. IC 623 is located 3.4' SSW of a mag 9.7 star. This star is within a chain extending SW to NE, passing to the SW of the galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 623 = J. 2-685 on 7 Apr 1893. His description reads "faint, roughly round, about 30" in diameter, without concentration." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.

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IC 624 = MCG -01-27-026 = LGG 205-008 = PGC 31426

10 36 15.2 -08 20 02; Sex

Size 2.7'x0.5'; PA = 39°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; relatively bright, very elongated 3:1 or perhaps 7:2 SW-NE, ~1.4'x0.4', well concentrated with much brighter middle. A mag 12.2 star is 2.7' E and a mag 14.4 star 1.2' E.

Member of the loose LGG 205 group, which includes NGC 3243/3325/3340, IC 632/633/653.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 624 = J. 2-686 on 4 May 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without concentration."

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IC 625 = ESO 501-080 = MCG -04-26-001 = LGG 212-003 = PGC 31919

10 42 38.0 -23 56 08; Hya

V = 13.0; Size 2.3'x0.5'; PA = 105°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x; faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 or 4:1 WNW-ESE, between 1.0-1.5' in length, brighter middle, low surface brightness (though viewed

Frank Muller discovered IC 625 = LM(S) 392 at the Leander McCormick Observatory on 11 Jan 1888. He recorded it as "elongated [in PA] 110°, dif." There is nothing at his position (using the galaxy NGC 3335 as the reference object), but Harold Corwin found that "Muller's RA offset from NGC 3335 has the wrong sign in the big 1893 Leander McCormick list of micrometric observations. Rather than being 3 minutes 3.6 seconds west of NGC 3335, it is that distance east." Once corrected, his offset points directly to ESO 501-080.

HyperLEDA identifies this galaxy as NGC 3355 (see that number, which is probably lost) and has no listing for IC 625. NED and SIMBAD have the correct identification.

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IC 626 = MCG -01-27-028 = PGC 31501

10 36 57.1 -07 01 26; Sex

V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 137°

14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; very faint, fairly small, diffuse, roundish, 30" diameter, only a slightly brighter nucleus. Required care and averted vision in first identifying in the field. IC 630 is 25' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 626 = J. 2-687, along with IC 630, on 3 May 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 627 = MCG +00-27-032 = CGCG 009-087 = PGC 31543

10 37 19.9 -03 21 28; Sex

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x: fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, pretty even surface brightness, well defined halo. Three mag 10-10.5 stars are 8' NE, 8' ENE and 6' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 627 = J. 2-688 on 3 May 1893. He described it as "faint, small, poorly defined, looks a bit grainy."

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IC 628 = UGC 5780 = MCG +01-27-022 = CGCG 037-096 = PGC 31567

10 37 36.2 +05 36 13; Sex

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 119°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, low even surface brightness, 30" diameter. A mag 11.3 star is 1.5' S. Forms a pair with UGC 5779 just 1.7' NNW. The two galaxies are member of a group (USGC U314 at z = .028.) that includes NGC 3326 and IC 634. Situated 18' SW of STF 1457 = 7.7/8.2 at 1.8".

UGC 5779 appeared extremely faint and required averted to glimpse. ~0.3'x0.1' NW-SE (central region only).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 628 = J. 1-182 on 18 May 1892. He noted "very faint, very small, irregular form with a slightly brighter middle."

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IC 629 = NGC 3312 = ESO 501-043 = MCG -04-25-039 = LGG 210-002 = PGC 31513

10 37 02.5 -27 33 55; Hya

V = 11.9; Size 3.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175°

See observing notes for NGC 3312.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 629 = Big. 158 on 26 Feb 1887. His position matches NGC 3312, discovered by John Herschel in 1835. Apparently neither Bigourdan nor Dreyer questioned the equivalence of IC 629 with NGC 3312, though there is no doubt.

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IC 630 = Mrk 1259 = MCG -01-27-029 = PGC 31636

10 38 33.6 -07 10 14; Sex

V = 12.0; Size 1.2'x1.2'

14.5" (4/12/21 and 4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" glow just 45" NE of mag 7.8 HD 92200, which significantly compromised the view. Good view at 226x, which clearly showed a 25" halo surrounding a sharp stellar nucleus that mimicked a superposed star. IC 626 lies 25' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 630 = J. 2-689, along with IC 626 and IC 631, on 3 May 1893.

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IC 632 = UGC 5792 = MCG +00-27-035 = PGC 31673

10 39 11.9 -00 24 35; Sex

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°

17.5" (3/22/96): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.5', weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 632 3.3' NE. Located 13' SSW of NGC 3325.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 632 = J. 2-691, along with IC 633, on 9 May 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 633 = UGC 5796 = MCG +00-27-037 = PGC 31691

10 39 24.1 -00 23 22; Sex

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 102°

17.5" (3/22/96): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 1.0' NNE of center. Forms a pair with IC 632 3.3' SW. Located 11' S of NGC 3325.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 633 = J. 2-692, along with IC 632, on 9 May 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 634 = UGC 5811 = CGCG 037-111 = PGC 31799

10 40 54.9 +05 59 31; Sex

V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 116°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x; very faint, fairly small, low surface brightness, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.6'x0.2'. A mag 15.4 star is close ESE, in the direction of the major axis. About 10' S is a distinctive string of stars oriented NW-SE and about 9' in length. The end stars are mag 9.6 and 10.6. Member of a group (USGC U314) that includes NGC 3326 and IC 628 at z = .028.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 634 = J. 2-693 on 7 Apr 1893. He recorded "very faint, little extended, without condensation, granular." His position is accurate.

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IC 635 = UGC 5821 = MCG +03-27-069 = CGCG 094-102 = PGC 31858

10 41 45.3 +15 38 36; Leo

V = 14.3; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 6°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, very thin streak N-S, 0.8'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 2' W and three mag 14-15 stars in a thin triangle (two are collinear with the galaxy) are ~4' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 635 = J. 2-694 on 15 Jan 1894. He recorded "faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, gradually condensed." His position is at the south edge of the galaxy.

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IC 636 = UGC 5824 = MCG +01-27-028 = CGCG 037-121 = PGC 31867

10 41 50.6 +04 19 51; Sex

V = 14.2; Size 0.95'x0.4'; PA = 49°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.3', brighter core. Located 2' N of mag 8.6 HD 92623, which detracts from viewing. A small trio of stars is close SW (SLE 587 = 12.8/14.0/14.7 at 22"/15").

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 636 = J. 2-695 on 7 Apr 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, poorly defined, mottled."

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IC 637 = CGCG 094-107 = PGC 31900

10 42 21.9 +15 21 35; Leo

V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25" diameter. A mag 14.8 star is just off the NE side, 33" from center. An evenly separated group of five mag 12.5-13 stars is mainly south (closest is a mag 12.8 star 1.4' SW).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 637 = J. 2-696 on 15 Jan 1894. He recorded "faint, very small, poorly defined. On a straight line with the comparison star and two other stars." His position is accurate.

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IC 638 = Mrk 632 = CGCG 094-117 = PGC 31988

10 43 48.0 +15 53 42; Leo

V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 2°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x; extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 0.3' diameter, very low surface brightness. A mag 10.2 star is 2.5' W with a group of fainter stars to its west.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 638 = J. 2-697 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate.

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IC 639 = MCG +03-28-007 = CGCG 095-016 = PGC 32129

10 45 52.0 +16 55 50; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 0°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 260x; between faint and fairly faint; elongated ~2:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.3', locw pretty even surface brightness. Irregular shape, appears to taper more on the north end (verified later on the SDSS). Located 27' SW of NGC 3370.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 639 = Sw. 7-14 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; vE in meridian [N-S]; * 10 mag. 5' nf. His position is within 1' of CGCG 095-016 = PGC 32129 and his comment "vE in meridian" matches. The mag 10 star is 3' NNE.

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IC 642 = UGC 5905 = MCG +03-28-010 = CGCG 095-022 = PGC 32278

10 48 08.1 +18 11 19; Leo

V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.3'

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly out of round, 50" diameter, contains a bright core that increases to a relatively faint stellar nucleus. Situated in a sparce star field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 642 = Sw. 7-15 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "vF; pS; lE; forms a curve with 2 st. f[ollowing]." His RA is 9 seconds too large, but the description fits and the ID is certain.

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IC 643 = CGCG 066-030 = PGC 32392

10 49 27.2 +12 12 04; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 73°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, bright core with faint extensions that increase the size to 50"x 15". A mag 11.4 star is 3.5' SW. Located 20' WSW of mag 8 HD 93928. IC 648 is less than 4' ENE of this star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 643 = J. 1-183 on 31 Mar 1892. He described it as "quite faint, small, elongated along the meridian [N-S], slightly brighter in the middle." His position is at the east edge of this galaxy.

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IC 644 = NGC 3398 = UGC 5954 = MCG +09-18-038 = CGCG 267-018 = PGC 32564

10 51 31.5 +55 23 27; UMa

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 78°

17.5" (4/22/95): brighter of a pair of galaxies oriented N-S. NGC 3398 is a faint, narrow edge-on streak 4:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.25'. IC 646, 4.6' NNE, is very faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Located 4.7' NW of mag 8.1 SAO 27802.

Some catalogues refer to this galaxy as IC 644. UGC 5976 (identified as NGC 3398 in CGCG and UGC) lies 13' NNE (see observation).

Lewis Swift found IC 644 = Sw. 9-24 on 8 May 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; lE; B * sf; sp of 2." His position is ~1' E of UGC 5954 and the description fits so the identification is certain. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on 17 Apr 1789 and catalogued as H. III-792 (later NGC 3398). The MCG misidentifies +09-18-041 as IC 644. UGC, CGCG and RC3 all label this galaxy IC 644, but not as equivalent to NGC 3398. See NGC 3398 for more.

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IC 646 = MCG +09-18-039 = CGCG 267-019 = PGC 32568

10 51 35.2 +55 27 57; UMa

V = 14.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 14.0

17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Forms a pair with brighter NGC 3398 4.6' SSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 646 = Sw. 9-25 on 8 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC 644 = NGC 3398]." Swift's RA is 12 seconds too large. PGC and RC3 (as well as Megastar) misidentify IC 646 as NGC 3398. See NGC 3398 for more.

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IC 647 = LEDA 946616

10 50 34.4 -12 51 16; Hya

Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 62°

18" (3/29/03): at 300x this tiny companion to NGC 3411 appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, required averted vision. Located 2.1' ESE of NGC 3411.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 647 = J. 1-184 on 21 Apr 1892 and noted it was distinct from NGC 3411. The HyperLeda listing for PGC 946616 doesn't include IC 647 as an alias.

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IC 648 = MCG +02-28-017 = CGCG 066-040 = PGC 32522

10 51 00.3 +12 17 15; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 159°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, at most 30" major axis, contains a very small brighter core. A mag 15 star is at the N edge, just 12" from center. Situated 3.8' ENE of mag 8.1 HD 93928. IC 643 lies 23' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 648 = J. 1-185 on 31 Mar 1892. He recorded "extremely faint, round, 15" diameter,very faint star involved [or stellar nucleus]. Difficult."

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IC 649 = MCG +00-28-019 = CGCG 010-034 = PGC 32506

10 50 52.1 +01 09 50; Sex

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, low surface brightness, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 ~N-S (a fainter companion is attached at the S end), ~0.4' diameter. A mag 13.5 star is also off the SW edge [30" from center]. Located 22' WNW of mag 6.4 HD 94180.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 649 = J. 2-699 on 11 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, small, poorly defined, with slight condensation. Following and north of a mag 10.5 star."

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IC 650 = LEDA 170094

10 50 40.6 -13 26 31; Hya

Size 0.9'x0.7'

24" (2/15/23 and 4/15/23): at 327x; very faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, diffuse, low surface brightness. Two mag 9.8 stars (2' apart) are 2.5' WNW and 4.4' W. A wide pair of mag 14.1/14.6 stars is ~2' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 650 = J. 1-186 on 21 Apr 1892. His position matches PGC 170094 although LEDA and SIMBAD do not identify this galaxy as IC 650. NED has the correct identification.

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IC 651 = UGC 5956 = MCG +00-28-020 = CGCG 010-035 = Ark 258 = CIG 444 = PGC 32517

10 50 58.4 -02 09 01; Sex

V = 13.1; Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, irregularly round (flattened on one side?), very little concentration, 35" to 40" diameter. A mag 12.3 star is 2.4' ESE and a mag 9.7 star is 6' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 651 = J. 2-700 on 21 Mar 1893. Described as "fairly bright, round, about 40" diameter, with a rather diffuse central core, looks grainy". The RA in the IC is 10 seconds too small.

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IC 652 = NGC 3421 = MCG -02-28-013 = PGC 32514

10 50 57.6 -12 26 55; Hya

V = 13.7; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 175°

See observing notes for NGC 3421.

Stephane Javelle found IC 652 = J. 1-187 on 19 Apr 1892. There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his offset star. His corrected position matches NGC 3421, although the NGC position from Common is also poor (13' too far N).

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IC 653 = UGC 5985 = MCG +00-28-022 = CGCG 010-039 = LGG 205-009 = PGC 32611

10 52 06.8 -00 33 38; Leo

V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.9'; PA = 55°

24" (2/15/23): at 327x; fairly faint, oval ~2:1 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.5', broad and very weak concentration. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 12.8 star 2.5' WSW and a mag 13.5 star is 1.8' S. Located 23' SSW of mag 6.3 HD 94237.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 653 = J. 2-701 on 10 Apr 1893. The IC position is on the south edge of the galaxy.

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IC 654 = MCG -02-28-018 = PGC 32716

10 53 50.4 -11 43 32; Crt

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 126°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x; very faint, diffuse, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x25", slightly brighter middle. A mag 11.3 star is 3' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 654 = J. 1-188 on 21 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 655 = CGCG 010-042 = PGC 32758

10 54 22.2 -00 21 54; Leo

V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 48°

24" (2/15/23): at 327x; extremely faint, fairly small, possibly extended SW-NE, ~0.6' length, very low surface brightness with no core. Too faint to see the shape well, though viewed at the end of the night with tired eyes.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 655 = J. 1-189 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 656

10 55 07.9 +17 36 48; Leo

V = 14.9/15.5; Size 12"

24" (2/22/14): at 260x a 12" pair of mag 15 stars were resolved. The SDSS shows a third fainter star, as well as a very faint galaxy (not seen). Located 4.4' E of NGC 3457 = NGC 3460.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 656 on 15 Mar 1887 with the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory. At his position is a triple star plus PGC 1537008, an extremely faint galaxy on the southeast side. I think the galaxy is probably too faint too have been discovered visually by Bigourdan, but the stars certainly could have appeared nebulous. Corwin notes that NGC 3467 = h793, observed by John Herschel and guest Francis Baily, *may* apply to IC 656 as the description "Stellar. 2 or 3 stars with a nebulous blur observed by Mr. Baily", applies better to IC 656 than to the fairly bright galaxy 4.4' W. But the galaxy is close to Herschel's position and much brighter, of course. See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's IC notes.

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IC 657 = MCG -01-28-009 = PGC 32966

10 57 53.6 -04 54 18; Leo

Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 169°

24" (2/15/23 and 3/15/23): at 263x and 327x; very faint, requires averted vision and cannot hold steadily, elongated at least 2:1 N-S, ~40"x20", low surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 657 = J. 2-702 on 18 May 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 658 = MCG +02-28-033 = CGCG 066-075 = PGC 33004

10 58 16.3 +08 14 30; Leo

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 42°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-NE, 30" diameter, brighter core, stellar nucleus, well defined halo.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 658 = J. 2-703 on 19 Apr 1893. His position is 1.8' N of CGCG 066-075 = PGC 33004 (error in offset star?). Deep images reveal a long looping tidal tail to the east and a very diffuse one extending south from the west end.

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IC 659 = MCG -01-28-010 = PGC 32979

10 58 03.9 -06 15 38; Leo

Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 147°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25" diameter, weakly brighter nucleus. I could just hold this galaxy steadily with averted vision.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 659 = J. 2-704 on 4 May 1893. His position is accurate. The MCG fails to identify its MCG -01-28-010 as IC 659. In addition, the MCG declinations for the MCG -01-28 field are 10' too far north.

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IC 660 = CGCG 010-048 = PGC 33017

10 58 26.7 +01 22 58; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 31°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated at least 3:2 SW-NE, ~20"-24" in length. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.

CGCG 010-051, which lies 8' ENE, appeared very faint, small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 0.3'-0.4' diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 660 = J. 2-705, along with IC 661 and 662, on 11 Mar 1893. His dec is 1' too far north.

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IC 661 = CGCG 010-050 = PGC 33051

10 58 51.5 +01 39 02; Leo

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 31°

24" (3/15/23): at 229x and 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, diffuse with a low even surface brightness.n A mag 10.2 star is 3.6' NW and an 8th mag star is 5' NNW. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 661 = J. 2-706, along with IC 660 and 662, on 11 Mar 1893. His position is accurate. Megastar software misidenties nearby PGC 83407 (1.2' NNE) as IC 661.

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IC 662 = CGCG 010-056 = PGC 33091

10 59 20.5 +01 35 56; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 71°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between very faint and faint, small, round, slightly elongated, at most 15" diameter. I wasn't able to hold this galaxy steadily. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 662 = J. 2-707, along with IC 660 and 661, on 11 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 663 = CGCG 066-087 = PGC 33182

11 00 37.3 +10 26 14; Psc

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 175°

17.5" (4/25/98): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, required averted vision. This is the third brightest of four galaxies viewed in the core of AGC 1142. Located 6.4' SW of NGC 3492, midway between a mag 10.5 star 3.2' N and a mag 13 star 2.2' S.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 663 = Sw. 10-18, along with IC 664, on 29 Mar 1891. The description reads "eeF; pS; R; triangle with 2 F st; 1st of 3; NGC 3492 in field." Stephane Javelle independently found this galaxy again at the Nice Observatory on 1 Mar 1892 and reported it in list 1-190.

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IC 664 = MCG +02-28-042 = CGCG 066-091 = PGC 33191

11 00 45.3 +10 33 11; Psc

V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0

17.5" (4/25/98): this is the second brightest of four viewed in AGC 1142, located 4.1' NW of NGC 3492. Appeared faint, small, slightly elongated [SW-NE], 30" diameter, stellar nucleus at moments with direct vision.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 664 = Sw. 10-19 (along with IC 663) on 29 Mar 1891. The description reads "eF; pS; R; 2nd of 3; NGC 3492 near." Stephane Javelle independently found it at the Nice Observatory on 22 Mar 1892.

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IC 665 = LEDA 170101

11 00 29.9 -13 52 01; Crt

Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 148°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 25"-30" major axis, small brighter core/nucleus. A mag 13.7 star is 1.3' SE and a mag 12.3 star is 3.5' SSW. IC 659 is located 14' NNE of mag 5.9 HD 95314.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 665 = J. 2-708 on 13 May 1893. His position is accurate. LEDA doesn't identify its PGC 170101 as IC 665.

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IC 666 = CGCG 066-097 = Mrk 1276 = PGC 33232

11 01 14.8 +10 28 52; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3

17.5" (4/25/98): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Last and most difficult of four found in AGC 1142 and observation confused by a mag 15 star 40" following. Difficult to view both simultaneously. Located 4.6' SE of NGC 3492. Viewed hampered by hazy sky conditions due to smoke.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 666 = J. 1-192 = Sw. 10A-2 on 1 Apr 1892. Lewis Swift independently found it two weeks later on 16 Apr 1892 and logged "eeF, vS, ee diff. NGC 3492 near. 4th of 4." Swift was credited first in the IC, though Javelle was first.

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IC 667 = CGCG 095-111 = PGC 33603

11 06 36.6 +15 05 19; Leo

V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; faint, very small, roundish, stellar nucleus, at most 15" diameter. A mag 11.6 star is 1.3' NW. Situated on a line between a mag 8.9 star (HD 96344) 3' SSW and mag 7.4 HD 96373 6' NNE. IC 668 lies 3' SSE and 1.5' to the E of HD 96344.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 667 = J. 2-709, along with IC 668, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate. IC 667 is identified as a double system in the CGCG, though Javelle only resolved a single galaxy.

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IC 668 = MCG +03-28-059 = CGCG 095-112 = PGC 33613

11 06 39.6 +15 02 27; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 95°

24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, oval 3:2 E-W, 25" across, faint stellar nucleus. Situated just 1.5' E of mag 8.9 HD 96344. A 10" pair of 15th mag stars is very close SE of HD 96344. IC 667 lies 3' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 668 = J. 2-710, along with IC 667, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.

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IC 669 = UGC 6174 = MCG +01-28-040 = CGCG 038-132 = PGC 33662

11 07 16.6 +06 18 09; Leo

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 167°

24" (3/15/23): at 375x; relatively bright with a fairly high surface brightness core and nucleus, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 30"x20". A mag 15.5 star is off the NE edge [23" from the center]. Two 10th mag stars at 1' separation lie 3' to 4' N. These are the brightest in a distinctive asterism of 7 stars near IC 669. IC 670 lies 25' N.

14.5" (4/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 N-S, very small brighter nucleus, ~30" major axis. A distinctive group of a half-dozen mag 10 to 13.5 stars is directly NE, including a string of 4 stars N-S.

David Todd discovered IC 669 = Todd 8 = J. 2-711 on 3 Dec 1877 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. He reported, "Object 'a' suspected -- it has a companion, [PA] = 25 [deg]." Harold Corwin states, "The companion is a star, and both are shown in his sketch which accurately reflects the sky."

Stephane Javelle independently made a secure discovery on 7 Apr 1893 and measured an accurate position. Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 670 = UGC 6178 = MCG +01-28-041 = CGCG 038-134 = PGC 33680

11 07 28.8 +06 42 51; Leo

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 65°

24" (3/15/23): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very weak central condensation. Three stars are nearby: a mag 12.4 star 2' NE, a mag 14.3 star 2' S, and a mag 13.7 star 3' SE. A brighter mag 7.7 star (HD 96419) is 9' WSW. IC 669 lies 25' S.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 670 = Spitaler 16 on 7 Mar 1891 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 671 = UGC 6180 = MCG +00-28-031 = CGCG 010-079 = PGC 33689

11 07 31.6 +00 46 59; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 24°

14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x and 226x, between faint and fairly faint, round, diffuse, nearly even surface brightness, 30" to 40" diameter. Situated on a line between two mag 12 stars 5' NNE and 4' SSW. Located 34' SE of mag 7.0 HD 96274.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 671 = J. 2-712 on 11 Mar 1893.

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IC 673 = UGC 6200 = MCG +00-29-003 = CGCG 011-009 = PGC 33817

11 09 25.3 -00 05 52; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 167°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x and 224x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated NNW-SSE, ~45"x18". Easier to view at 158x and visible continuously once picked up in the field. The extremely low surface brightness outer ring was not detected. A mag 9.6 star is 8' SE and a mag 12 star is 6' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 673 = J. 1-194 on 22 Apr 1892. The CGCG calls this galaxy IC 678, instead of IC 673. The UGC didn't label its 6200 as IC 673.

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IC 674 = UGC 6221 = MCG +07-23-027 = CGCG 213-031 = PGC 33982

11 11 06.4 +43 37 59; UMa

V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 120°

24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, ~30"x25", strong concentrated with a small bright core and stellar nucleus. With careful viewing, very low surface brightness wings [spiral arms] were occasionally glimpsed extending NW-SE increasing the dimensions to very roughly 50"x25". Three stars to the SSW are collinear with the galaxy; an 11th mag star 3.6' SSW, another 11th mag star 2.5' SSW with a 12th mag companion at ~10" separation.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 674 = Spitaler 36 on 24 May 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is accurate.

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IC 676 = UGC 6245 = MCG +02-29-009 = CGCG 067-032 = PGC 34107

11 12 39.9 +09 03 21; Leo

V = 11.8; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 10°

18" (3/5/05): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 1.2'x0.8'. Contains an elongated brighter core and brighter along the major axis [central bar]. At low power, collinear with a mag 10 star 9' WNW and a mag 10 star 14' ESE.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 676 = Sw. 10-20 on 8 Apr 1891. The Swifts reported it as "vF; pS: lE; bet 2 distant stars."

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IC 677 = UGC 6262 = MCG +02-29-013 = PGC 34211

11 13 56.8 +12 18 04; Leo

V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 45°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~45" length. Using 226x, contains a small, brighter nucleus. A mag 13.4 star is 2' S. Located 32' SSW of NGC 3593.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 677 = J. 1-195 on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 678 = MCG +01-29-021 = CGCG 039-083 = PGC 34222

11 14 06.4 +06 34 38; Leo

V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 144°

24" (3/15/23): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, 20" diameter. Two mag 15.1 and 15.2 stars are 2' NW and 3' NW, respectively.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 678 = J. 2-714 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate. The CGCG mislabels (typo) IC 673 = CGCG 011-009 as IC 678, but CGCG 039-083 is correctly labeled as IC 678.

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IC 679 = LEDA 170124

11 16 36.6 -13 58 20; Crt

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 125°

14.5" (4/13/23): identified using 158x as a very faint, very small soft glow. At 226x it was fairly easy and could be held steadily. It appeared slightly elongated, even surface brightness, ~20"-24" diameter. A mag 14.4 star is 1.1' SW. IC 2668 lies 20' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 679 = J. 2-715 on 13 May 1893. His position is accurate. This galaxy does not have a CGCG, MCG or PGC designation and LEDA 170124 is not recognized as IC 679 in HyperLeda or SIMBAD, though NED has correct identification.

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IC 680 = MCG +00-29-012 = CGCG 011-047 = PGC 34520

11 17 54.7 -01 56 47; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 157°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Required care to pick up with averted vision, but could hold steadily for several seconds once acquired.

UGC 6311, a face-on spiral, is 9' due south. It appeared very faint, round, evenly lit diffuse glow, 45" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 680 = J. 2-716 on 7 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 681 = MCG -02-29-017 = PGC 34572

11 18 31.9 -12 08 25; Crt

V = 14.7; Size 0.85'x0.4'; PA = 32°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20", very diffuse, low even surface brightness. A mag 14.2 star is 1.5' SW.

14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"-30" diameter, low uniform surface brightness, required averted vision and mostly glimpsed.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 681 = J. 1-196 on 19 Apr 1892.

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IC 682 = NGC 3649 = UGC 6386 = MCG +03-29-038 = CGCG 096-036 = PGC 34883

11 22 14.8 +20 12 30; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 140°

See observing notes for NGC 3649.

Lewis Swift found IC 682 = Sw. 8-56 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; eS; R; vF * close np." There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA is NGC 3649. Arguing against this identification is there is no "vF * close np" of NGC 3649, but there is a very faint star at the south edge. So, this identification is questionable.

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IC 683 = CGCG 039-138 = WBL 324-007 = PGC 34807

11 21 31.8 +02 45 07; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 175°

24" (5/20/20): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Can just hold continuously. Located 3.6' S of NGC 3644.

Forms a close pair with CGCG 039-134 1.3' WSW. This galaxy, though a magnitude fainter, is misidentified as IC 683 in many sources. It appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 15", only occasionally popped but verified. Forms a pair with IC 683 1.3' ENE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 683 = Big. 162 on 14 Apr 1888. His position matches CGCG 039-138, but CGCG, UGC, PGC, HyperLEDA (and secondary sources such as MegaStar) misidentify CGCG 039-134 = PGC 34793 (just 1.3' WSW) as IC 683. HyperLEDA labels CGCG 039-148 as IC 683E.

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IC 684 = NGC 3644 = UGC 6373 = MCG +01-29-037 = CGCG 039-139 = PGC 34814

11 21 32.9 +02 48 37; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 63°

See observing notes for NGC 3644.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 684 = Big. 163 on 14 Apr 1888 and recorded a "small nebula with a mag 12.8 situated in PA 214° at 0.5'." His position and description matches NGC 3644. So, NGC 3644 = IC 684. See Harold Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 685 = UGC 6296? = MCG +03-29-021 = CGCG 096-020 = PGC 34419

11 16 51.1 +17 47 55; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 167°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, fairly low surface brightness, no core or zones, 1.0'x0.3'. A mag 12.5 star is 1.4' NE of center. UGC 6296, identified here as IC 685, is situated 15' due S of NGC 3607.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 685 = Sw. 7-16 on 11 Apr 1888 and reported "eeF; pretty small; round; * near north following; NGC 3605, 7, 8 in field." His position is 3.3' NNW of PGC 34871, the galaxy sometimes identified as IC 685. A mag 15 star is close NE (by 35"), agreeing with his description. But NGC 3605, 3607 and 3608, which he claimed were in the field, lie 5 minutes of time to the west and well outside his 33' field! Malcolm Thomson first noticed this discrepancy and Harold Corwin followed up and found that UGC 6296, roughly 15' due south of the NGC trio, matched Swift's position, if he made a 5 minute error in time. Also, a 12.5 mag star is 1.4' NE of UGC 6296, matching Swift's comment. A discrepancy, though, is Swift called his object round, and UGC 6296 is quite elongated. Perhaps he just picked up the brighter core.

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IC 687 = MCG +08-21-032 = CGCG 242-033 = PGC 35029

11 24 17.3 +47 50 51; UMa

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (6/21/20): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. A mag 14 star is 1.1' W and another mag 14 star is 13' NW. Observed 7 hours past the meridian at only 18° elevation.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 687 = Sw. 9-26 on 11 May 1890 and reported "eF; eS; R; stellar to Nu[cleus]; F * nr f; another susp. nr. p." His position is a good match with CGCG 242-033 = PGC 35029, although the nearest faint star is close west and not east.

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IC 688 = KUG 1121-095 = LEDA 156572

11 23 40.2 -09 47 44; Crt

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 98°

14.5" (4/13/23): picked up at 158x (10mm ZAO). At 226x, faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.3' diameter. Although V = 14.4, the surface brightness is pretty decent and I could nearly hold it steadily. Situated 20' due west of NGC 3672 and a member of its group (USGC S165 = LGG 235).

Ormond Stone discovered IC 688 = LM(S) 418 on 9 Jan 1889 at the Leander McCormick Observatory. This galaxy was measured a number of times by Muller and Stone and their micrometric position is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't identify LEDA 156572 as IC 688, though NED has the correct identity.

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IC 689 = NGC 3661 = MCG -02-29-022 = PGC 34986

11 23 38.4 -13 49 51; Crt

V = 14.0; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 137°

See observing notes for NGC 3661.

Ormond Stone found IC 689 = LM(S) 421 on 1 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch at the Leander-McCormick Observatory. His micrometric offsets (#421 in the LM Southern Nebulae list) matches NGC 3661, although neither he nor Dreyer noticed the equivalent position. So, IC 689 = NGC 3661.

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IC 690 = LEDA 170138

11 24 20.6 -08 20 31; Crt

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 171°

14.5" (4/13/23): glimpsed while searching at 158x. Increasing to 226x, it appeared very faint, thin streak 3:1 N-S, ~25" x 8". Located 14' NW of mag 8.2 HD 99238 and 22' NNE of NGC 3660.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 690 = J. 2-718 on 13 May 1893. His position is accurate, though as the galaxy is missing from the PGC, HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 170138 as IC 690. The galaxy isn't labeled in Megastar.

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IC 691 = UGC 6447 = Mrk 169 = PGC 35206

11 26 44.4 +59 09 20; UMa

V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 150°

17.5" (3/19/88): fairly faint, very small, bright core, slightly elongated.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 691 = Sw. 7-17 on 17 Apr 1888 and recorded "pF; pS; R; forms right angle with 2 st." His position is 1.5' too far west (within his usual errors) and the description is a perfect match.

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IC 692 = UGC 6438 = MCG +02-29-027 = Ark 292 = PGC 35151

11 25 53.6 +09 59 14; Leo

V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 125°

14.5" (4/13/23): easily picked up at 158x. Increasing to 226x it appeared fairly faint, round, 25" to 30" diameter, increases broadly and steadily to the center. Two mag 12.7 and 14 close SE are aligned and equidistant with the galaxy.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 692 = Spitaler 37, along with IC 696, 698 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Wien University Observatory. He reported "Faint, round nebula of 1/4' - 1/2' diameter; A mag 12 star stands 2' southeast."

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IC 693 = MCG -01-29-022 = PGC 35208

11 26 48.6 -05 00 15; Leo

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 90°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Can hold steadily with averted vision. Sparse star field with a mag 12.4 star 3.4' ENE and some scattered fainter stars to the S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 693 = J. 2-719 on 18 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 694 = Arp 299 NED1 = VV 118c = MCG +10-17-002a = PGC 35325

11 28 27.3 +58 34 43; UMa

V = 15.8; Size 0.3'x0.25'

48" (5/12/12): IC 694, roughly 1' NW of the interacting pair NGC 3690, was easily visible as a fairly faint, slightly elongated glow, 15"x12", weak concentration.

17.5" (4/1/95): this threshold object was barely glimpsed 1.1' NW of the interacting double system NGC 3690. It was just visible momentarily as an extremely small knot with averted vision but observation verified several times. This object is probably IC 694 although the identification is not 100% certain.

George Johnstone Stoney, returning to Parsontown from his studies at Trinity, discovered IC 694 = Sw. 10A-3 on 27 Jan 1852. He described an "appendage about one object diameter northwest [of NGC 3690]." Lewis Swift apparently found this galaxy on 18 Apr 1892 and noted "vS, close D[ouble] with 3690, suspected with 132, verified with 200x. His position is -7 seconds of RA, +30'' of Dec with respect to NGC 3690, close to PGC 35325, an extremely faint and small galaxy 1.1' NW of the interacting double system NGC 3690.

Modern catalogues apply IC 694 to one component of the brighter double system. Despite the good match in position with PGC 35325, I feel it is more likely possible Swift saw the second component of NGC 3690, which is much more obvious in the eyepiece.

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IC 695 = LEDA 170143

11 27 58.3 -11 42 55; Crt

Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 85°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated E-W, very diffuse, low surface brightness, required averted vision. A 13th mag star is 1.7' NW. Located 32' SW of NGC 3704.

14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; marginally glimpsed and barely confirmed, but requires better conditions or a larger aperture for any details.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 695 = J. 1-197 on 21 Apr 1892. His position matches LEDA 170143. This galaxy wasn't included in the original PGC and it isn't recognized as IC 695 in HyperLEDA or SIMBAD.

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IC 696 = UGC 6477 = MCG +02-29-034 = Holm 257a = PGC 35332

11 28 39.9 +09 05 55; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5

18" (5/3/11): faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, fairly low surface brightness, weak concentration. In a group of IC galaxies with much fainter IC 2857 2.3' W and slightly brighter IC 698 6' ENE. This galaxy is a face-on Sc or Sd with a very small nucleus.

17.5" (2/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse, only a weak concentration. This is the 2nd brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 698 6.0' ENE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 696 = Spitaler 38, along with IC 698 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna University Observatory. Spitaler missed nearby IC 2857, which was discovered later by Wolf on a photographic plate of the region.

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IC 697 = CGCG 011-106 = PGC 35327

11 28 34.5 -01 37 46; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 131°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; faint, small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Located 11' NE mag 6.3 HD 99651.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 697 = J. 2-720 on 7 Apr 1893.

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IC 698 = UGC 6482 = MCG +02-29-035 = Holm 257b = PGC 35364

11 29 03.9 +09 06 42; Leo

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 147°

18" (5/3/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~35"x20", broad concentration to a brighter, elongated core that increases to a faint nucleus with direct vision. Initially seen as slightly elongated, but then the outer extensions were noticed. This is probably the highest surface brightness member of a 16' group of 6 IC galaxies including IC 696, 699, 2850, 2853 and 2857. The nearest is IC 696, 6' WSW. IC 698 is located 18.5' SW of NGC 3705.

17.5" (2/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, brighter core. Brightest in the IC 698 group and 3rd of 4 brighter galaxies with IC 696 6.0' WSW.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 698 = Spitaler 39, along with IC 696 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 699 = UGC 6485 = MCG +02-29-036 = Holm 257d = PGC 35365

11 29 06.6 +08 59 18; Leo

V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 12°

18" (5/3/11): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 40"x20". The halo is broadly concentrated then increases suddenly to a small brighter nucleus. Located 7.5' S of IC 698 in a small group of 6 IC galaxies (unrelated to nearby NGC 3692 and NGC 3705). The SDSS image shows a very compact, bright nucleus surrounded by a smooth ring.

17.5" (2/28/87): faint, small, bright core, stellar nucleus, faint extensions SSW-NNE. Fourth brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 698 7.5' N.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 699 = Spitaler 40, along with IC 696 and 698, on 31 Mar 1892. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 700 = HCG 54A = UGC 6487 NED2 = VV 498 NED2 = Rose 27 NED2 = MCG +04-27-047 NED2 = UGC 126-067 NED2 = PGC 35382

11 29 15.3 +20 35 00; Leo

V = 13.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 71°

48" (4/16/15): at 610x, the main (central) component of HCG 54 = Rose 27 appeared moderately bright and large, elongated 5:3 WSW-ENE, ~30"x18", fairly even surface brightness. The three fainter components flank HCG 54A and together nearly merge to create an irregular extended glow ~50"x18", bending to the north on the east end.

HCG 54B, at the southwest end, is faint to fairly faint (B = 16.2), very small, round, ~8"-10" diameter. This is the second brightest of the 4 members. On the SDSS, HCG 54B appears as a very compact, bright blue knot just 15" SW of center of IC 700.

HCG 54C was easily seen as a faint (B = 17.2), small, round, 10" knot. HCG 54C is squeezed between fainter HCG 54D and HCG 54A (18" NE of the center of HCG 54A).

HCG 54D was not noticed at 613x. At 813x it appeared very faint (B = 18.5), round, only a 6" knot. HCG 54D is the faintest member of the quartet and sits at the northeast end of the chain.

17.5" (3/8/97): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, 1.0'x0.4', low (but probably irregular) surface brightness. A mag 14 star lies 1' S. At a couple of moments there appeared to be an extremely faint "star" at the west edge (this is probably HCG 54B). Located ~15' SE of HCG 53!

17.5" (4/1/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 1.0'x0.4', even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.1' S of center. Located 4.8' NE of a mag 10 star. NGC 3697 (brightest in HCG 53) lies 14' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 700 = J. 1-198 on 28 Apr 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at Nice. His position matches HCG 54A = UGC 6487. Harold Corwin notes that "his description "Nearly round, about 40 arcsec in diameter, a little brighter toward the middle" suggests he saw at least the brightest three of the objects, blended into a single image." HCG 54 is considered a post-merger of 2 or more galaxies.

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IC 701 = Arp 197 NED1 = VV 3a = UGC 6503 = MCG +04-27-051 = CGCG 126-074 = PGC 35494 = LEDA 86632

11 31 00.7 +20 28 08; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 105°

48" (5/12/12): at 488x, IC 701 = Arp 197 appeared fairly bright, oval 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.3', contains a small bright core. A very low surface brightness hazy plume extends to the NE about 30". Occasionally VV 3b, an extremely faint hazy spot, was glimpsed at the northeast tip of the tail. In Arp's class "galaxies with material ejected from nuclei". CGCG 126-073, a thin edge-on described by Arp as a shred of IC 701, lies 2.5' SSW. It appeared as a faint, extremely thin streak, 8:1 WNW-ESE, ~40"x5", fairly low surface brightness. Situated very close west of a mag 13-14 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 701 = Sw. 8-57 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eF; vS; R; 2 pB stars south following."

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IC 702 = LEDA 1051683

11 30 54.7 -04 55 19; Leo

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 130°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. HJ 2573, a pair of mag 10.3/10.5 star at 8", lies 15' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 702 = J. 2-721 on 18 May 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, 20" in diameter, with a central core of mag 13.5". HyperLeda doesn't recognize PGC 1051683 as IC 702.

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IC 705 = MCG +08-21-049 = CGCG 268-050 = PGC 35644

11 32 56.3 +50 14 31; UMa

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 34°

24" (6/21/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 25"x20", small brighter core, occasional faint stellar nucleus. Surrounded by several 13th-14th mag stars. UGC 6535 (very faint edge-on) lies 4.5' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 705 = Sw. 9-27 on 11 May 1890 and reported "eeF; vS; R."

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IC 706 = MCG -02-30-004 = PGC 35658

11 33 12.6 -13 20 17; Crt

Size 1.3'x0.2'; PA = 111°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; pretty faint, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 40"x15", small brighter core. A 10th mag star is 2' S and a 15th mag star is 50" SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 706 = J. 1-199 on 21 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 707 = UGC 6543 = MCG +04-27-064 = CGCG 126-091 = ARK 301 = KUG 1131+216A = PGC 35708

11 33 44.6 +21 22 48; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 4°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter, fairly even surface brightness with at most weak concentration. Situated in a poor star field; the nearest brighter star is 9th mag (HD 100414) with a wide companion, located 13' NNW.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 707 in 1894 while searching in the region of Copeland's Septet. His position is accurate.

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IC 708 = UGC 6549 = MCG +08-21-056 = PGC 35720 = Papillon Galaxy

11 33 59.2 +49 03 43; UMa

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 95°

17.5" (4/22/95): brightest member of the AGC 1314 cluster. Fairly faint, slightly elongated, 0.8' diameter. Fairly high surface brightness, well concentrated with a bright core. Forms a pair with IC 709 2.7' SE. Nearby are IC 712 8.2' E and IC 711 9.9' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 708 = Sw. 9-28 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eF; S; R. 1st of 4 [with IC 709, 711 and 712]."

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IC 709 = MCG +08-21-057 = CGCG 242-049 = PGC 35736

11 34 14.5 +49 02 35; UMa

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'

17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter core. A mag 15 star is just 23" NW of center. Located 2.7' SW of IC 708 in the core of AGC 1314.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 709 = Sw. 9-29 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R. 2nd of 4 [with IC 708, 711 and 712]."

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IC 710 = CGCG 126-098 = PGC 35750

11 34 27.4 +25 52 35 ; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 0°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3', low but irregular surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 710 = J. 2-722 on 13 Apr 1893.

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IC 711 = MCG +08-21-062 = CGCG 242-053 = PGC 35780

11 34 46.6 +48 57 22; UMa

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'

17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, extremely small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.0' NE of a mag 14.5/15.5 double star in the core of AGC 1314. On the DSS the fainter "star" is a compact galaxy, IC 712 lies 7.3' N and brightest member IC 708 is 10' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 711 = Sw. 9-30 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * close sp. 3rd of 4 [with IC 708, 709 and 712]."

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IC 712 = MCG +08-21-063 = CGCG 242-054 = PGC 35785

11 34 49.3 +49 04 39; UMa

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2

17.5" (4/22/95): fairly faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter. Even concentration to a small bright core and stellar nucleus. Located 1.9' SSW of mag 8.4 SAO 43812. Located in the core of galaxy cluster AGC 1314 with IC 711 7.3' S and IC 709 6.1' SW and brightest member IC 708 8.2' WSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 712 = Sw. 9-31 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R; pB * nr nf. 4th of 4 [with IC 708, 709 and 711]."

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IC 714 = NGC 3763 = MCG -02-30-009 = PGC 35907

11 36 30.3 -09 50 48; Crt

V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8

See observing notes for NGC 3763

Francis Leavenworth found IC 714 = LM(S) 430 on 25 Feb 1887. He described it as "little extended 170°, gradually brighter middle nucleus." His micrometric position with respect to Theta Crateris matches NGC 3763 = PGC 35907. This galaxy was discovered by Andrew Common in 1880 and placed fairly accurately but neither Common nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence. So, NGC 3763 = IC 714.

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IC 717 = NGC 3779 = MCG -02-30-013 = PGC 36084

11 38 51.3 -10 35 01; Crt

V = 13.7; Size 2.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 85°

See observing notes for NGC 3779.

Frank Muller found IC 717 = LM(S) 433 on 14 Feb 1888 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as "1.0'x0.8', extended in pa 90°, dif." With respect to NGC 3775, he measured an offset of +53.92 seconds in RA but no delta for declination. Apparently he made a 30 second error as NGC 3779 follows by +24 seconds in RA. His comment that the nebula was extended E-W seems to clinch the identification IC 717 = NGC 3779.

Andrew Common discovered NGC 3779 in 1860 with his 36" reflector. With respect to NGC 3775, he noted "another [NGC 3779] 5' nf ". Close to this offset is PGC 36084. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that was repeated in the IC 2 notes.

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IC 718 = UGC 6626 = MCG +02-30-007 = CGCG 068-018 = PGC 36174

11 39 52.8 +08 52 28; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 0°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x and 224x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~0.6'x0.4', very low even surface brightness. A mag 14.6 star is 1.6' W and mag 9.0 HD 101279 is 8' NW. IC 719 lies 10' NE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 718 = Spitaler 41 on 25 Mar 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 719 = UGC 6633 = Ark 308 = MCG +02-30-008 = CGCG 068-021 = PGC 36205

11 40 18.5 +09 00 36; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 52°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 224x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~60"x20". Contains a small, bright core/nucleus. Fairly high surface brightness and surprisingly easy. IC 718 lies 10' SW.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 719 = Spitaler 42 on 24 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 720 = MCG +02-30-016 = CGCG 068-035 = KPG 298 = PGC 36333

11 42 22.3 +08 46 04; Vir

Size 1.1'x0.6'

28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, fairly small, overall elongated ~2:1 N-S, ~0.8'x0.4'. Resolved into two very small glows with merged outer halos [centers separated by 16"]. The northern galaxy is slightly larger and brighter, ~0.4' diameter, with a quasi-stellar nucleus. The southern component appeared as a faint knot, ~15" diameter.

The IC 720 duo is a member of the small USGC U411 group (z = .02) with LEDA 3091447 4' N. This tiny galaxy appeared very faint, round, 12" diameter, stellar nucleus. Other members include CGCG 068-038 8' NE, IC 722 13.5' NNE and IC 724 20' NE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 720 = Spitaler 43 on 25 Mar 1892. His position is a good match with this double system, though apparently he only saw a single object (likely the brighter northern galaxy). The CGCG failed to identity CGCG 068-035 as IC 720.

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IC 722 = MCG +02-30-019 = CGCG 068-039 = PGC 36365

11 42 43.8 +08 58 27; Vir

V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 76°

28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~35"x25", low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 2' NNE. Located 12.7' WNW of brighter IC 724 in a small group (USGC U411).

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 722 = Spitaler 44, along with IC 724, on 25 Mar 1892. His position is poor because he misidentified his offset star according to Harold Corwin, but his description clearly pins down the correct galaxies.

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IC 724 = UGC 6695 = MCG +02-30-022 = CGCG 068-045 = PGC 36450

11 43 34.7 +08 56 33; Vir

V = 12.8; Size 2.3'x0.9'; PA = 60°

28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly bright, fairly large, oval 5:2 SW-NE, ~1.3'x0.5'. Contains a prominent elongated core and very small bright nucleus.

IC 724 is the brightest in a small group (USGC U411) with IC 722 12.7' WNW. CGCG 068-038, located 13.5' WSW, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 724 = Spitaler 45, along with IC 722, on 25 Mar 1892. His position is poor because he misidentified his offset star according to Harold Corwin, but his description clearly pins down the correct galaxies.

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IC 727 = UGC 6715 = MCG +02-30-025 = CGCG 068-050 = FGC 1300 = PGC 36536

11 44 28.6 +10 47 02; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 161°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; very faint, very thin low surface brightness streak, ~8:1 NNW-SSE, brighter core, ~0.8'x0.1'. A mag 8 star (HD 101932) is 9' SW. NGC 3839 lies 8.4' W. Member of the NGC 3817-3839 group (USGC U412), which includes HCG 58.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 727 = J. 1-201 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 730 = NGC 3849 = MCG +01-30-013 = CGCG 040-040 = Todd 10 = PGC 36658

11 45 35.2 +03 13 54; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 35°

24" (4/15/23): at 229x and 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated at least 3:2 SW-NE, 20"-24" length

48" (4/16/15): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 or 5:3 SW-NE, 0.5'x0.3', small bright core, fairly high surface brightness. A mag 16.3 star is off the southeast side [27" from center]. An extremely faint "star" was noted off the northwest side [25" from center]. After later checking the SDSS, I discovered this is a compact galaxy (SDSS J114534.52+031417.8) with V = 17.8.

17.5" (4/9/99): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25" diameter, no concentration. Visible steadily with direct vision. A mag 15 star lies 1.6' SSW. This galaxy is identified as IC 730 (good position from Javelle) in several sources.

Stephane Javelle found IC 730 = J. 2-728 on 22 Mar 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches CGCG 040-040. This galaxy was first discovered by David Todd on 11 Feb 1878 in his search for trans-Neptunian planets with the 26-inch refractor at the Naval Observatory and reported as Todd 10 (later NGC 3849). Todd noted a "large and nebulous" object with a star 2' in PA ~210° (SSW). There is nothing at his rough position, but using Todd's discovery sketch, Harold Corwin identified Todd 10 as CGCG 040-040. So, IC 730 = NGC 3849.

Several catalogues, as well as HyperLEDA, label this galaxy as IC 730 only due to the poor NGC position. See Harold Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 731 = MCG +08-21-096 = CGCG 242-079 = CGCG 243-003 = PGC 36626 = LEDA 2346923

11 45 18.1 +49 34 14; UMa

V = 15.4; Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 83°

24" (5/20/20): very faint, small, round, low surface brightness, no distinct shape (too faint), ~20" diameter. UGC 6726, situated 9' NNW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 35"x25", very small brighter nucleus.

The UGC galaxy is probably more likely to be Swift's IC 731 than MCG +08-21-096 based on visibility, but all modern sources identify as IC 731 as it is a better match in position.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 731 = Sw. 9-32 on 11 May 1890 and reported "vF; vS; R." There is nothing at his position but 43 seconds of RA west is MCG +08-21-096, which most sources identify as IC 731, though not MCG. This galaxy is faint enough that Swift would have likely called it "eeF" or even "eeeF".

Yann Pothier proposed that IC 731 may be UGC 6726, which is a much brighter galaxy, but off by +52 seconds in RA and -9 arcminutes in Dec. Corwin lists this as a slightly more likely possibility (colons). Finally, IC 731 could be a duplicate of NGC 3870, which lies 38 arcminutes due north of Swift's position. So, there are no less than 3 reasonable identities, though is no persuasive candidate. See Corwin's notes for more.

Based on the low surface brightness and small size of MCG +08-21-096, I feel Swift would have described this galaxy as "eeF" instead of "vF". So, I believe that UGC 6726 is more likely the correct object despite being off in both RA and Dec.

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IC 732 = MCG +04-28-050 = CGCG 127-051 = Holm 290a = Holm 290b = PGC 36688 = LEDA 83488

11 45 59.8 +20 26 20; Leo

V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.5+0.5'x0.2'

17.5" (2/20/88): very faint, very small, very elongated. Located 4' NW of brighter NGC 3884 in AGC 1367. This system is a contact pair (not resolved).

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 732 = Big. 165 on 29 Mar 1886. Harold Corwin notes there are two galaxies very near Bigourdan's position and he may have glimpsed both of them.

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IC 736 = HCG 59B = MCG +02-30-037 = CGCG 068-068 = [Rose 7] = WBL 358-001 = PGC 36853

11 48 20.1 +12 42 59; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1

48" (4/19/15): at 488x; HCG 59B is moderately bright, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, contains a small bright nucleus. PGC 1415034 (not a member of HCG 59, but part of the group) lies 0.8' NW. Using 697x, this 17.5-18 magnitude companion appeared extremely faint and small, very low surface brightness. It was visible only ~1/3 of the time. Slightly brighter IC 737 = HCG 59A lies 1.9' ENE.

17.5" (3/8/97): HCG 59B is the fainter of two visible in HCG 59 and located 1.9' WSW of IC 737 = HCG 59A. Very faint, small, round, 20" diameter. With averted vision, the halo is closer to 30" (similar to IC 736) but the surface brightness is slightly lower.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 736 = J. 1-203, along with IC 737, on 23 Apr 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position correspond with HCG 59B = CGCG 068-068 and HCG 59A = CGCG 068-070, respectively. Several catalogues (including RC3, MCG and CGCG) misidentify HCG 59A as IC 736 and HCG 59D = MCG +02-30-040 = CGCG 068-072 as IC 737. When I took a look at this group, this immediately seemed odd as the brightest pair of galaxies are clearly HCG 59A and HCG 59B and I missed HCG 59D. The correct identifications are

IC 736 = HCG 59B = MCG +02-30-037 = CGCG 068-068 = PGC 36853

IC 737 = HCG 59A = MCG +02-30-039 = CGCG 068-070 = PGC 36861

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IC 737 = HCG 59A = MCG +02-30-039 = CGCG 068-070 = [Rose 7] = WBL 358-002 = PGC 36861

11 48 27.5 +12 43 38; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.5'

48" (4/19/15): at 488x; moderately bright, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0. 4', contains a small bright core. IC 737 = HCG 59A is the brightest member of HCG 59 with IC 736 = HCG 59B 1.9' WSW, MCG +02-30-040 = HCG 59D 0.8' E, CGCG 068-073 = HCG 59C 1.8' SE and HCG 59E 2.7' NW. A mag 13.5-14 star is 1.4' E.

HCG 59D = MCG +02-30-040 (often misidentified as IC 737) is faint, fairly small, diffuse, no core or zones, very low surface brightness. It is squeezed between HCG 59A 0.8' W and a mag 13.5-14 star 0.6' SE. HCG 59C is the largest member of the quintet. It appeared fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 E-W, ~48"x16", slightly brighter core. HCG 59E is the faintest in the quintet and appeared very faint, small, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 SW-NE, ~15"x8", even surface brightness.

17.5" (3/8/97): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~WNW-ESE (difficult to pin down orientation). Appears slightly brighter than similar HCG 59B 1.9' WSW. A mag 13.5 star follows by 1.3'.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 737 = J. 1-204, along with IC 736, on 23 Apr 1892. See identification notes for IC 736.

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IC 740 = NGC 3913 = UGC 6813 = MCG +09-20-001 = CGCG 268-092 = CGCG 269-004 = PGC 37024

11 50 38.9 +55 21 13; UMa

V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x2.6'; Surf Br = 14.5

See observing notes for NGC 3913.

Lewis Swift found IC 740 = Sw. 9-33 on 8 May 1890 and reported "eeF; pL; iR; 3916-3921 in field." This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1789. Both positions are close enough to each other, that I'm surprised neither Swift nor Dreyer noted the possible equivalence.

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IC 742 = UGC 6822 = MCG +04-28-068 = CGCG 127-073 = PGC 37056

11 51 02.3 +20 47 59; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 0.6' diameter. A mag 10.8 star is 4.4' SW.

24" (6/3/19): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness with just a slightly brighter nucleus. Located 27' SW of NGC 3940 and 26' NW of NGC 3937. Member of the USGC U427 group, which includes NGCs 3910, 3919, 3925, 3929, 3937, 3940, 3943, 3946, 3947, 3954.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 742 = Sw. 8-60 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; pB * sp". His position is 6 seconds of RA too far west (within his usual errors) and the description matches.

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IC 749 = UGC 6962 = MCG +07-25-008 = KTG 40A = Holm 313a = PGC 37692

11 58 34.0 +42 44 03; UMa

V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 150°

24" (5/11/13): moderately bright, large, slightly elongated ~N-S, 1.3'x1.1', diffuse appearance with an ill-defined halo due to low surface brightness around periphery. But the surface brightness is irregular or mottled with a very small, slightly brighter nucleus and an impression of spiral structure. Forms a contrasting pair with IC 750 3.4' ESE. The SDSS image resolves the spiral arms into numerous blue HII regions and that probably contributed to the visual impression of mottling. Mag 8.9 HD 103954 lies 3.1' SW. Member of the NGC 4111 group.

13.1" (3/17/86): fairly faint, moderately large, diffuse glow, no central brightening, slightly elongated NNW-SSE. Forms a pretty pair with IC 750 3.3' E. Located 3.0' NE of mag 8.6 SAO 43979.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 749 = Spitaler 46, along with IC 750, on 22 Apr 1892 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory. A month later he found (or first measured) IC 751 and 752 (just south).

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IC 750 = UGC 6973 = MCG +07-25-010 = KTG 40B = Holm 313b = LGG 269-003 = PGC 37719

11 58 52.2 +42 43 21; UMa

V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 41°

24" (5/11/13): bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.5'x0.5', well concentrated with a bright, elongated core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 16 star lies 1' S of center. Forms an usual 3.4' pair with IC 749, which is a Sc face-on with a much lower surface brightness. Mag 8.9 HD 103954 lies 5.5' WSW. IC 751 lies 9' due S. Member of the NGC 4111 group = LGG 269.

13.1" (3/17/86): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, brighter along the major axis. Higher surface brightness than IC 749 3.3' W. Mag 8.6 SAO 43979 lies 5.6' WSW.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 750 = Spitaler 47, along with IC 749, on 22 Apr 1892 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.

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IC 751 = UGC 6972 = MCG +07-25-011 = CGCG 215-011 = KTG 40C = PGC 37721

11 58 52.6 +42 34 13; UMa

V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 30°

24" (5/11/13): fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x12". Sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 752 4.1' E. Brighter IC 749 and IC 750 lie 9' N.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 751 = Spitaler 48, along with IC 752, on 18 May 1892 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.

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IC 752 = CGCG 215-014 = PGC 37747

11 59 15.0 +42 34 01; UMa

V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'

24" (5/11/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, fairly low even surface brightness, 20" diameter. Fainter of a pair with IC 751 4.1' W.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 752 = Spitaler 49, along with IC 751, on 18 May 1892 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.

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IC 754 = UGC 6984 = MCG +00-31-013 = CGCG 013-025 = PGC 37757

11 59 23.6 -01 39 16; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 0.95'x0.75'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 19°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, round, 0.4' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located just 0.8' E of a mag 10.6 star and a slightly brighter mag 10.0 star is 3' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 754 = J. 2-739 on 22 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 755 = NGC 4019 = UGC 7001 = MCG +02-31-014 = CGCG 069-024 = FGC 1347 = PGC 37912

12 01 10.3 +14 06 16; Com

V = 13.2; Size 2.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 145°

24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, excellent very thin edge-on! Extended ~10:1 NW-SE, ~80"x8", bright core, tapers at tips. A mag 10.1 star is 5.6' SSE.

18" (4/9/05): fairly faint, edge-on NW-SE, 1.0'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 10 star is 5.5' SE and 2' ENE of this star is CGCG 069-029.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 755 = Sw. 8-61 on 20 Apr 1889 and reported "eeF; S; E; bet. the n 2 of 3 st. forming a large triangle." His position and description matches this edge-on. Harold Corwin identifies NGC 4019, discovered by John Herschel, as IC 755, though this galaxy is 2 min 16 sec of RA east and 6' south of Herschel's position. But there is a mag 10 star 5.5' southeast matching his description. Still, this identification is uncertain.

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IC 757 = NGC 4068 = UGC 7047 = MCG +09-20-079 = CGCG 269-031 = PGC 38148

12 04 00.8 +52 35 18; UMa

V = 12.5; Size 3.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 30°

See observing notes for NGC 4068.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 757 = Big. 166 on 11 Mar 1886. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan misidentified a star as NGC 4068 on two nights and "rediscovered" NGC 4068 on 11 Mar 1886, though reversed the direction of his offsets. Dreyer assumed Big. 166 was new, and it was catalogued again as IC 757. But once the error is corrected, IC 757 = NGC 4068.

NED and SIMBAD equate IC 757 with NGC 4068, though CGCG, UGC, MCG and PGC and SIMBAD only gave the single identity NGC 4068.

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IC 758 = UGC 7056 = CGCG 315- 009 = MCG +11-15-014 = CGCG 315-009 = LGG 266-003 = PGC 38173

12 04 11.9 +62 30 19; UMa

V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 9°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately to fairly large, round, 1.2' diameter?, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core that occasionally appears as a bar oriented SW-NE. Located 7' E of a mag 9.4 star.

24" (6/3/19): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large, over 1' diameter, brighter elongated core, subtle structure in the halo with slightly brighter sections or arcs. Located 7' E of mag 9.4 SAO 15695 and 28' SSW of mag 6.1 HD 105043. Member of a group (LGG 266) with brightest members NGC 4036 and NGC 4041.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 758 = Sw. 7-18 on 17 Apr 1888 and reported "eeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant st., one a coarse D[ouble]; ee diff." The "coarse D[ouble star]" is ~5' N. CGCG didn't label CGCG 315-009 as IC 758. IC 758 is called IC 757 in the RC1.

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IC 760 = ESO 440-052 = MCG -05-29-010 = LGG 271-006 = PGC 38345

12 05 53.5 -29 17 32; Hya

V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 148°

18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.3', broad concentration to a slightly bulging center. A group of faint stars lies ~5' N and another group with a couple of brighter mag 11 stars is SW. A faint 20" pair of mag 14/15 stars is 1.5' SW.

Ormond Stone discovered IC 760 = LM(S) 464 on 3 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His description reads "rr (highly resolved?), brighter in the middle, stellar nucleus", with a magnitude of 15.0 and a diameter of 0.2'. The discovery was published in the observatory's catalogue of Southern Nebulae (Vol 1, Part 6, 1893). Howe, in his visual survey of IC objects, noted there was "either a star of mag 14 at 150°, or the nebula is elongated in that direction." The latter is correct. DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on an Arequipa plate in 1899, measured the position, and noted "F, S, R. bM."

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IC 762 = MCG +04-29-034 = CGCG 128-037 = KUG 1205+260 = PGC 38532

12 08 12.0 +25 45 26; Com

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 144°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30"x24", very small brighter nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2.5' SE. Forms a pair with IC 763 3.4' N. Member of the USGC U458 group at 325 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 762 = J. 2-741, along with IC 763, on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 763 = MCG +04-29-035 = CGCG 128-038 = PGC 38525

12 08 15.3 +25 48 41; Com

Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 86°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, ~20"x15". A mag 14.8 star is 40" NE. Forms a pair (same redshift) as slightly brighter IC 762 3.4' SSW. Member of the USGC U458 group at 325 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 763 = J. 2-742, along with IC 762, on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 767 = Mrk 760 = MCG +02-31-042 = CGCG 069-073 = PGC 38792

12 11 02.7 +12 06 14; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 0.85'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 75°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; almost moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~25"x20", fairly high surface brightness, very small brighter nucleus that increases to an occasional stellar nucleus. IC 768 lies 11' ENE. Member of the USGC U472 group

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 767 = J. 1-209, along with IC 768 and IC 769, on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 768 = UGC 7192 = MCG +02-31-044 = CGCG 069-075 = PGC 38848

12 11 47.6 +12 08 37; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 112°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, low but uneven surface brightness, slightly brighter elongated core, ~0.6'x0.3'. A mag 11.3 star is 1.5' SE. IC 767 lies 11' WSW and IC 769 is 11' ESE. IC 768 lies in the background (twice the redshift).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 768 = J. 1-210, along with IC 767 and IC 769, on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 769 = UGC 7209 = MCG +02-31-047 = CGCG 069-083 = LGG 285-005 = PGC 38916

12 12 32.3 +12 07 26; Vir

V = 13.0; Size 2.5'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 40°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly large, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 1.5'x1.0', very diffuse, broad weak concentration with an elongated core or bar. IC 768 lies 11' W. Member of LGG 285, a large Virgo group with brightest member NGC 4168.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 769 = Spitaler 19 = J. 1-211 on 24 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. Javelle rediscovered this galaxy the following year on April 1, 1892 along with discoveries of IC 767 and 768.

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IC 771 = MCG +02-31-067 = CGCG 069-105 = KUG 1212+134 = Holm 353d = PGC 39176

12 15 13.2 +13 11 04; Vir

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 92°

48" (4/27/22): at 488x; moderately bright, slightly elongated 4:3 E-W, ~40"x30", contains a small bright core. A mag 16 star is 0.5' W. Located 10' WNW of NGC 4216 and 10' due N of NGC 4206.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 771 on 1 Apr 1891 while measuring the position of NGC 4193 and NGC 4216. He noted that 3' north of his comparison star (HD 106526) was a small, faint, round nebula.

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IC 773 = MCG +01-31-044 = CGCG 041-073 = PGC 39493

12 18 08.1 +06 08 22; Vir

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 0°

24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, gradually incr to the center. Located 19' WNW of NGC 4260. IC 3136 lies 12.5' ENE and a mag 9.5 star is 4.4' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 773 = J. 2-744 on 4 May 1893 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "F, vS, dif, 2 vF st inv." His position is accurate.

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IC 776 = UGC 7352 = MCG +02-31-088 = PGC 39613

12 19 03.2 +08 51 20; Vir

V = 13.8; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 98°

17.5" (5/14/88): faint, moderately large, diffuse, slightly elongated. Forms the northern vertex of two stars mag 10/11 to south. Pair with IC 3134 6.6' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 776 = J. 2-746 on 4 May 1893.

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IC 777 = UGC 7363 = MCG +05-29-052 = CGCG 158-064 = PGC 39663

12 19 23.8 +28 18 36; Com

V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 140°

17.5" (4/9/99): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.4', little if any concentration. The compact cluster Shkh 202 is ~8' NE! (6 faint members close to a mag 6.7 star located 11' NE viewed).

17.5" (5/23/98): faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Picked up 9' N of 9 Com (V = 6.3). At 280x, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, PA ~160°, 0.8'x0.5', very weak concentration. Located 18' NE of NGC 4251.

Truman Safford discovered IC 777 = Sf. 18 on 14 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and simply noted "vF". His RA is 9 seconds too large.

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IC 778 = NGC 4198 = UGC 7246 = MCG +09-20-123 = CGCG 269-045 = PGC 39090

12 14 22.0 +56 00 42; UMa

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°

See observing notes for NGC 4198.

Lewis Swift found IC 778 = Sw. 7-19 on 3 Apr 1888 and noted "eF, pS, R, bet 2 st in meridian [N-S], n. one = 13 mag." There is nothing at his position. It's possible IC 778 = MCG +09-20-146, though this galaxy is 10' north of Swift's position and 40 seconds of RA east, so it's off in both directions. Although MCG +09-20-146 lies between two stars, they are oriented SW-NE and not close to being "in meridian" [N-S].

But Harold Corwin found that if Swift made an error of exactly 5 minutes in RA (too large), then his position matches NGC 4198, which also is bracketed by two stars (oriented NNW-SSE). The only uncertainty is why did Swift mention the "north one = 13 mag", when the southern star is the brighter one? Still, this identification is more likely than MCG +09-20-146.

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IC 780 = UGC 7381 = MCG +04-29-064 = CGCG 128-077 = PGC 39745

12 19 58.4 +25 46 18; Com

V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x1.2'; PA = 7°

24" (5/30/16): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20", brighter along the major axis. Located 10' W of HJ 517 = 9.1/12.5 at 20", 14' SSW of mag 6.1 HD 107326 and 35' WSW of mag 4.8 12 Com. IC 3171 lies 14' SSE.

William Herschel discovered IC 780 = J. 2-747 on 6 Apr 1785 (sweep 393). He recorded "suspected, but probably a deception of two close stars." Caroline's reduction lands just 1.3' NE of this galaxy, so the identification is certain, although he didn't confirm the observation and it wasn't included in his published catalogues. Wolfgang Steinicke included this observation of IC 780 in his "Herschel Special" objects file. IC 780 was the first of six IC galaxies that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not catalogued, generally because of uncertainty. In addition IC 1339 was discovered with the 40-ft telescope, according to Wolfgang Steinicke.

Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 13 Apr 1893 and was credited in the IC.

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IC 781 = MCG +03-32-002 = CGCG 099-017 = PGC 39754

12 20 03.3 +14 57 41; Com

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 45°

17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, small, round, diffuse, very weakly concentrated core. A mag 15 star is off the north end 30" from center. Located 2.0' ESE of a mag 10 star. Form a pair with NGC 4262 9' SW.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 781 = Big. 172 on 10 May 1888.

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IC 782 = MCG +01-32-020 = CGCG 042-043 = PGC 39962

12 21 36.9 +05 45 56; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.6'; PA = 59°

24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, small, round, 18" (core), weak concentration to center. I missed the low surface brightness outer extensions WSW-ENE. A mag 13.4 star is 0.6' S of center. This galaxy is a little brighter than NGC 4287, which lies 14' SW.

Auguste Voigt discovered IC 782 = Voigt 4a = J. 1-212 on 27 Apr 1865 with the 31-inch silver-on-glass reflector at the Marseilles observatory. His RA was accurate but the declination was off by 2'. None of Voigt's discoveries were published due to his positions not being determined accurately enough.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 782 on 17 Mar 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "eF, S, R." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.

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IC 783 = UGC 7415 = MCG +03-32-008 = CGCG 099-025 = PGC 39965

12 21 38.8 +15 44 42; Com

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 141°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, very slightly elongated ~E-W, 40" diameter, low but slightly uneven surface brightness. Appears fainter than the listed magnitude. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 12.3 star 3' SE and a mag 13.4 star 2.4' SW. Situated 19' WSW of M100.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 783 = Sw. 7-20 on 6 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; nearly between 2 st. east and west; NGC 4312 and several others near." His position is just off the south side of this galaxy and the two stars oriented east-west are 2.4' SW and 3.1' ESE.

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IC 784 = MCG -01-32-006 = PGC 40092

12 22 30.1 -04 39 10; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 109°

14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~50"x20", low pretty even surface brightness. A mag 9.7 star is 3' S and a mag 13 star is a similar distance W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 784 = Sw. 8-62 on 25 Mar 1889 and recorded "vF; pL; vE; pB * s[outh]." His position was ~5' too far north. In his survey of IC objects around 1900, Howe measured an accurate position, noted the elongation of the galaxy was E-W and the "pB * s" was a mag 8.5 star 2.9' S.

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IC 787 = MCG +03-32-031 = CGCG 099-043 = Holm 395b = PGC 40517

12 25 25.1 +16 07 27; Com

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1

17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, small, round. Located 3' S of a mag 10 star and 11' WSW of NGC 4405.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 787 = Sw. 7-21 on 7 Apr 1888 and logged "eF; pS; R; B * n; 4405 following."

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IC 788 = NGC 4405 = UGC 7529 = MCG +03-32-036 = CGCG 099-050 = LGG 289-059 = PGC 40643

12 26 07.1 +16 10 52; Com

V = 12.0; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°

See observing notes for NGC 4405.

Stephane Javelle found IC 788 = J. 2-748 on 19 May 1893. His offsets point directly to NGC 4405. The IC description mentions "II. 88 [NGC 4405] south", but Javelle doesn't mention NGC 4405 in his description, so as Harold Corwin notes, this must have been added by Dreyer based on the position.

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IC 790 = NGC 4410C = MCG +02-32-051 = CGCG 070-075 = WBL 408-005 = PGC 40713

12 26 35.5 +09 02 07; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 94°

24" (6/4/16): at 225x; fairly faint, small, elonagated 3:2 E-W, 24"x16", very small brighter nucleus. Third of three in an interconnected quartet with CGCG 070-079 2.3' ENE and NGC 4410A/B contact pair 1.8' WSW. CGCG 070-079 appeared faint, small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 24"x12".

17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, very small, elongated E-W. Forms a pair with NGC 4410 2' SW. CGCG 070-079, 2.3' NE, was not noticed.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 790 = Big. 173 on 6 Apr 1888, very near NGC 4410.

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IC 791 = UGC 7555 = MCG +04-29-071 = CGCG 128-089 = PGC 40783

12 26 59.5 +22 38 22; Com

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'

14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter, broad weak concentration. A 7' string of 4 mag 12.5-15.0 stars oriented N-S is directy SW.

Truman Safford discovered IC 791 = Sf. 26 on 6 Jun 1866. His position is accurate.

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IC 793 = NGC 4445 = UGC 7587 = MCG +02-32-072 = CGCG 070-104 = LGG 288-013 = PGC 40987

12 28 16.0 +09 26 11; Vir

V = 12.8; Size 2.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 106°

See observing notes for NGC 4445.

Lewis Swift found IC 793 = Sw. 8-63 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eF; S; eE; 3 others in field." His position lands 15 seconds of RA west of NGC 4445, and the description "extremely elongated" fits. The "3 others in field" might apply to NGC 4417, NGC 4424 and NGC 4442. NED equates IC 793 with NGC 4445 (from Corwin), but not most catalogues.

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IC 794 = UGC 7585 = MCG +02-32-070 = CGCG 070-102 = PGC 40964

12 28 08.6 +12 05 36; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 103°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, low surface brightness patch, ~50" diameter, very diffuse with no core or nucleus. Situated between two 8th magnitude stars 6.5' ENE and 8' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 794 = J. 1-215 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate. Schwassmann found it again on a plate taken by Max Wolf and the Konigstuhl-Heidelberg Observatory and reported it as new (Sn 191)

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IC 796 = UGC 7623 = MCG +03-32-051 = CGCG 099-068 = PGC 41160

12 29 26.4 +16 24 17; Com

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 145°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, nearly edge-on 3:1 or 7:2 SW-NE, ~45"x15", small brighter elongated core. Located 17' NE of NGC 4405.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 796 = J. 1-216 on 25 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 797 = UGC 7676 = MCG +03-32-058 = PGC 41504

12 31 54.8 +15 07 27; Com

V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 108°

17.5" (5/23/87): faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W, weak concentration. Located 42' N of M88.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 797 = J. 1-217 on 22 Apr 1892 and recorded "faint, almost round, 30" diameter, gradually bM."

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IC 798 = CGCG 099-083 = PGC 41589

12 32 33.4 +15 24 55; Com

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (5/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 12.5 star is 2.3' NNE. IC 800 is 20' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 798 = J. 1-218 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is ~40" too far north, perhaps due to an error in the offset star.

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IC 799 = NGC 4520 = PGC 41748

12 33 49.9 -07 22 32; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 101°

See observing notes for NGC 4520.

Lewis Swift found IC 799 = Sw. 8-64 on 21 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; eS; R; ? eF * is in contact on p[receding] side." His position is just off the east edge of NGC 4520 and his description fits. William Herschel discovered NGC 4520 = H. III-757 on 20 Mar 1789 (sweep 913) and logged "2 vF stars involved in nebulosity, vF, S." Apparently their positions were just far enough off that neither Swift nor Dreyer realized that IC 799 = NGC 4520.

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IC 800 = UGC 7716 = MCG +03-32-069 = PGC 41763

12 33 56.7 +15 21 17; Com

V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 148°

24" (5/25/22): at 263x; between faint and pretty faint; slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~1' diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. IC 798 lies 20' WNW and NGC 4540 is 18' NE.

17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, diffuse, almost round, even surface brightness. Forms the west vertex of an 8' equilateral triangle with two mag 11-12 stars to the SE and NE. NGC 4540 lies 18' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 800 = J. 1-219 on 22 Apr 1892 and recorded "faint, almost round, 30" diameter, gradually bM."

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IC 801 = UGC 7717 = MCG +09-21-017 = CGCG 270-009 = PGC 41739

12 33 44.9 +52 15 17; CVn

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 55°

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~0.6' diameter, very small bright nucleus ~5" diameter. A mag 12.4 star is barely off the south edge [30" from center] and a mag 10.4 star is 6' NNW. Situated nearly on the border of CVn and UMa.

CGCG 270-8, 19' NW, appeared faint, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Cradled by three mag 13-13.5 star are 45" N, 1.2' W and 2' SW. UGC 7661 is 7' ENE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 801 = Sw. 9-34 on 23 May 1890 and reported "eeF; S; R; * close n." His position is a good match with UGC 7717, although the nearby star is south, not north as stated in the description.

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IC 803 = Arp 149 = VV 564 = MCG +03-32-080 = CGCG 099-105 = Holm 435a = Holm 435b = PGC 42367 = PGC 215034

12 39 37.5 +16 35 17; Com

Size 0.8'x0.15'; PA = 124°

48" (4/19/15): at 488x and 697x; the core of the eastern component of this interacting double system appeared fairly faint, small, round. A very faint, thin spike (tidal plume or jet) was visible extending ~15" SE. Occasionally a second, very faint stubby tidal tail extended ~10" north-northwest . The entire length of this chaotic galaxy was ~30".

The nucleus of the western component (PGC 215034) is just 25" W. It was moderately bright but appeared stellar. At 697x, a very low surface brightness, very small halo was visible, but the tidal plume or jet extending southwest was not seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 803 = J. 1-220 on 25 Apr 1892 with the 30-inch f/23 refractor at Nice, France. His position is accurate.

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IC 804 = PGC 42549

12 41 16.0 -05 00 33; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'

17.5" (1/31/87): fairly faint, very small, round, small bright core, slightly elongated. Fourth of four in a group (USGC S181); 12' NE of NGC 4602 and 30' NE of NGC 4593.

17.5" (2/28/87): appears slightly elongated.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 804 = Sw. 7-22 on 3 Apr 1888 and logged "vF; vS; R."

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IC 805 = NGC 4611 = UGC 7849 = MCG +02-32-179 = CGCG 070-218 = PGC 42564

12 41 25.4 +13 43 46; Com

V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 126°

See observing notes for NGC 4611.

Lewis Swift found IC 805 = Sw. 8-65 on 20 Apr 1889 and reported "vF; pL; R; 2 pB stars n and nf." His position is about 8 seconds of RA west of NGC 4611 = UGC 7849, but close enough that I'm surprised that neither Swift nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence. Dorothy Carlson and Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 equate NGC 4611= IC 805 although UGC, MCG, CGCG, PGC and HyperLeda only use the NGC 4611 designation and ignore IC 805..

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IC 806 = MCG -03-32-019 = PGC 42642

12 42 08.4 -17 20 58; Crv

Size 1.2'x0.9'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 35" diameter. A mag 11.4 star is 1' SW and interferes with the view. IC 806 is the fainter of a pair with IC 807 3.4' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 806 = J. 1-221, along with IC 807, on 25 May 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 807 = MCG -03-32-020 = PGC 42635

12 42 12.5 -17 24 13; Crv

Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, 30"-35" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 807 3.4' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 807 = J. 1-222, along with IC 806, on 25 May 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 809 = IC 3672 = UGC 7863 = MCG +02-32-184 = CGCG 070-225 = PGC 42638

12 42 08.7 +11 45 15; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'

48" (4/19/17): at 697x; moderately to fairly bright, fairly large, slightly elongated 5:4 NW-SE, contains a large brighter core but no nucleus, and a low surface brightness outer halo ~50"x40". A mag 10.9 star is 1.2' SSW. Picked up 6.6' NNE of M59.

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Situated 1.2' NNE of an 11th magnitude star and 6.5' NNE of M59.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 809 = Sw. 7-23 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; bet. 2 st.; all 3 point to 4621 [M59]." His position is 1' SW of UGC 7863 and his description clinches this identification. Schwassmann found it again in 1900 on a plate take by Max Wolf with a 6-inch lens at the Heidelberg Observatory. Schwassmann's position is accurate (measured on 2 plates) and clearly IC 809 = IC 3672. The CGCG, UGC and MCG all identify this galaxy as IC 3672, although by precedence the primary identification should be IC 809.

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IC 810 = UGC 7864 = MCG +02-32-185 = CGCG 070-226 = PGC 42643

12 42 09.1 +12 35 48; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 167°

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; faint, fairly small, the central region is ~25"x15" NNW-SSE with a weak concentration. The outer extension have a very low surface brightness and extend 45"x15". NGC 4640 is 22' SE and CGCG xxx is 22' SSW.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.0'x0.2', pretty even surface brightness except for a very small or stellar nucleus. A 30" pair of mag 11.7/12.6 stars is 5' SE. This Virgo cluster member is located 21' S of NGC 4620 and 22' ESE of mag 7.9 HD 110249.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 810 = Sw. 7-24 on 6 May 1888 and reported "eF; pS; eE." His position and description fits.

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IC 811 = NGC 4663 = MCG -02-33-002 = PGC 42946

12 44 47.1 -10 11 52; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°

See observing notes for NGC 4663.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 811 = Big. 176 on 13 May 1888. His position matches NGC 4663, discovered by Tempel in 1883. Tempel's position was only roughly placed 8' south-following NGC 4658, so Bigourdan apparently thought his object was new. Corwin comments that Bigourdan later measured the position of NGC 4658 and didn't notice these matched those of IC 811. Modern sources equates these numbers. See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 812 = PGC 42952

12 44 50.9 -04 26 06; Vir

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 118°

24" (5/25/22): at 375x; between pretty faint and moderately bright, slightly elongated E-W, 0.5'x0.4', fairly weak concentration with brighter nucleus. A mag 13.8 star is 1.5' SE and a trapezoid containing 3 mag 11-12 stars is ~4' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 812 = J. 2-752 on 15 May 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 813 = UGC 7928 = MCG +04-30-019 = CGCG 129-022 = PGC 42981

12 45 11.8 +23 02 10; Com

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 21°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint (visible continuously), round, 25" diameter, sharp concentration with a very small bright nucleus. A faint star is at the NW edge. Situated between a mag 11.7 star 3.9' WNW and a mag 13.5 star 2.2' ESE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 813 = Spitaler 20 on 6 Apr 1891. His micrometric position is accurate. The UGC and MCG incorrectly equate this galaxy with IC 3734, which is a separate galaxy just 0.6' W.

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IC 814 = LEDA 158051

12 45 34.1 -08 05 30; Vir

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 171°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~0.4'x0.2'. Situated just east of the midpoint of the line connecting mag 10.1 HD 110873 4.9' NW and a mag 11.3 star 4.7' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 814 = J. 2-753 on 10 May 1893. His position is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD fail to identify LEDA 158051 as IC 814.

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IC 815 = MCG +02-33-015 = CGCG 071-035 = PGC 43086

12 46 22.7 +11 52 36; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 13' SW of 6th magnitude 34 Virginis.

MCG +02-33-017, situated 3' ENE, was extremely faint, oval 3:2 WNW-ESE, 25" diameter. A mag 14.7 star is 0.5' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 815 = J. 1-223 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate, though I'm surprised he missed MCG +02-33-017 to the northeast. IC 3760 is a companion 1' W, though is sometimes equated with this galaxy.

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IC 816 = UGC 7944 = MCG +02-33-019 = CGCG 071-038 = PGC 43111

12 46 46.3 +09 51 02; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 35°

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", very small brighter core (round) that increases to a slightly brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Slightly brighter of a pair with IC 817 2.7' ENE.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round, 25", very small brighter nucleus, moderately low surface brightness. Similar to IC 817 2.7' ENE. Located 20' NNE of mag 5.7 HD 111028 (33 Virginis).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 816 = Sw. 7-25, along with IC 817, on 5 May 1888 and reported "eeeF; vS; R; * with F companion nf; np of 2." The last comment should read "sp of 2". The "* with faint companion" may refer to a wide pair 6' NE, which is closer to IC 817.

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IC 817 = IC 3764 = MCG +02-33-020 = CGCG 071-039 = PGC 43126

12 46 56.8 +09 51 26; Vir

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Visible continuously but fairly low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair with IC 816 2.7' WSW.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. Slightly smaller than similar IC 816 2.7' WSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 817 = Sw. 7-26, along with IC 816, on 5 May 1888 and reported "eeF; vS; R; sf of 2 [with IC 816]. Although his positions are pretty good, IC 817 is north-following of IC 816, not south-following as Swift stated. Corwin suggests that Swift may have mixed up his descriptions as this galaxy is the fainter one and has a wide pair to the northeast.

Schwassmann found this galaxy again on a Heidelberg plate taken 20 Feb 1900 and reported Sn. 149 (later IC 3764) as new. Schwassmann's position is also good, but the equivalence was not noticed.

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IC 818 = MCG +05-30-078 = CGCG 159-073 = PGC 43113

12 46 44.6 +29 44 07; Com

V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 47°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 4:1 SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.15'. This galaxy has a much higher surface brightness than IC 821, which is located 9.6' NE. Located 5' NE of a mag 10.5 star (~15" uneven pair).

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 818 = Spitaler 50, along with IC 821, on 19 Mar 1892. His position and description ("Somewhat irregularly round nebula, 1/4' to 1/2' compact center. 2.5' northeast is a mag 12 star. Discovered on 19 March 1892." is a perfect match, though he called this edge-on galaxy "round".

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IC 819 = NGC 4676A = Arp 242 NED1 = VV 224a = UGC 7938 = MCG +05-30-076 = CGCG 159-072N = Holm 459b = PGC 43062 = The Mice

12 46 10.1 +30 43 55; Com

V = 13.7; Size 2.3'x0.5'; PA = 179°

82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; the tidal tail north of IC 819 (NNW member of the interacting "Mice" (NGC 4676)) was very prominent as a direct vision streak, extending at least as far as the mag 17.3 star situated 1.6' due north of the center of the galaxy.

48" (4/6/13): IC 819 is the NNW component of a fascinating interacting pair with IC 820 (slightly brighter SSE component), separated by 40" between centers. At 375x and 488x in soft seeing, IC 819 appeared fairly bright, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 24"x16", high surface brightness. IC 820 was bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", high surface brightness, increased to a small, very bright nucleus. The two galaxies are connected or surrounded by a low surface brightness bridge. IC 819 has a remarkable bright, long thin tidal tail shooting due north! The tail has a high surface brightness (brightest feature of this type I've observed in any galaxy) and extends roughly 80"x8", dimming at the north end and ending just east of a mag 17.3 star.

24" (5/22/17): IC 819 = NGC 4676A is the slightly fainter northwest component of the interacting "Mice" duo. At 375x it appeared faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 15" diameter. The tidal tail was easily seen as a straight thin extension due north, so the combined galaxy/tail extended ~60"x10". The tail has only a slightly lower surface brightness than the "head" (core of the galaxy).

17.5" (4/28/89): the northwest member (IC 819) of the interacting pair "The Mice" appeared faint, small, low surface brightness, elongated N-S.

Rudolph Spitaler resolved IC 819 and 820, the two components of the "Mice", on 20 Mar 1892 using the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is exactly 1 min of RA too far east, so he made a digit error in computing or copying the position. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used the letter suffixes NGC 4676A and 4676B in the 1956 "Survey of Bright Galaxies South of -35° Declination", based on Mt Stromlo plates, and the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 820 = NGC 4676B = Arp 242 NED2 = VV 224b = UGC 7939 = MCG +05-30-077 = CGCG 159-072S = Holm 459a = PGC 43065 = The Mice

12 46 11.2 +30 43 22; Com

V = 13.6; Size 2.0'x0.8'; PA = 2°

82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; the tidal tail to the south of IC 820 was only seen as a very low surface brightness glow without any definite structure.

48" (4/6/13): IC 820 is the slightly brighter SSE component of NGC 4676, a fascinating interacting system with IC 819 (NNW component) separated by 40" between centers. At 375x and 488x in soft seeing, IC 820 appeared bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", high surface brightness, increased to a small, very bright nucleus. The two galaxies are connected or surrounded by a low surface brightness bridge. IC 820 has a small, low surface brightness halo on its south side, but its tail to the south was not visible. See notes for IC 819 for the bright tail.

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; IC 820 = NGC 4676 is the slightly brighter southeast member of the interacting Mice duo. It appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very small brighter nucleus, 20" diameter. With averted vision the there was a strong hint of haze on the south side, but its tidal tail wasn't seen. The core of IC 819 is close northwest [38" between centers].

17.5" (4/28/89): this is the southeast member of the interacting pair dubbed "The Mice". This object is the brighter of the pair and appears faint, small, round with a small bright core. In contact with NGC 4676A at the northwest edge.

Rudolph Spitaler resolved IC 819 and 820, the two components of the "Mice", on 20 Mar 1892 using the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is exactly 1 min of RA too far east, so he made a digit error in computing the position. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used the letter suffixes NGC 4676A and 4676B in the 1956 "Survey of Bright Galaxies South of -35° Declination", based on Mt Stromlo plates, and the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 821 = UGC 7957 = MCG +05-30-083 = CGCG 159-076 = PGC 43161

12 47 26.2 +29 47 16; Com

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; almost fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, low even surface brightness. This face-on spiral could be held continuously with averted vision. Several mag 11-13.5 stars are scattered to the SE. IC 821 forms a pair with IC 818 9.6' SW.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 821 = Spitaler 53, along with IC 818, on 19 Mar 1892. His description reads, "Round nebulous ball of 1.5' diameter, gradually brighter towards the middle. Two brighter stars stand south of the nebula, following a bit." His position was accurate.

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IC 822 = MCG +05-30-085 = PGC 43196

12 47 45.6 +30 04 38; Com

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is 5.5' E and another mag 12 star (brightest in a collinear trio) is 6' N.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 822 = Spitaler 54 on 18 Mar 1892.

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IC 824 = NGC 4678 = MCG -01-33-018 = PGC 43385

12 49 41.9 -04 34 46; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 85°

18" (4/30/11): faint, but easily picked as a small glow, elongated 3:2 E-W, 25"x15". A mag 15 star lies 30" ESE of center. I kept having the impression that I was resolving a very faint star or nearly stellar galaxy that was attached and the SDDS image reveals this is a double system (oreinted E-W) with two nuclei encased in a common halo, comfirming my impression.

Stephane Javelle found IC 824 = J. 2-754 on 15 May 1893 and reported, "pB, elongated E-W, moderately large, appears to have two centers of condensation." This galaxy appears to be a merged system and Javelle noticed the twin nuclei. Leavenworth's position for NGC 4678 is 3 minutes of RA further west, but likely refers to IC 824. See that number.

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IC 825 = LEDA 170209

12 50 19.2 -05 21 47; Vir

Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 79°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 260x; extremely to very faint, very small, roundish, 15" diameter. Located 6' SW of NGC 4718 and 17' SE of NGC 4705.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 825 = Sw. 7-27 on 6 May 1888 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 st. east and west; 2nd of 3; [NGC] 4705, 4718 near." His position is just 1.3' SW of PGC 170209, though this galaxy is not "nearly between 2 stars east and west" and perhaps is too faint to have been noticed. Interestingly, NGC 4718 is directly bracketed by two stars east and west. So, it is very possible that IC 825 is a duplicate of NGC 4718, though Swift's comment "2nd of 3" doesn't apply. Corwin suggests that Swift may have mixed up his notes on these two objects.

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IC 826 = MCG +05-30-106 = CGCG 159-095 = PGC 43538

12 51 19.9 +31 03 35; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter. Increasing to 375x; the center was occasionally brighter and elongated, suggesting a bar. A mag 11 star is 4' S.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 826 = Spitaler 55 on 20 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 827 = UGC 8008 = MCG +03-33-014 = CGCG 100-014 = PGC 43607

12 51 55.0 +16 16 57; Com

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 103°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint but not difficult, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 30"x20", low surface brightness, very weak concentration. Mag 14 stars are 2' W and 3' SW. IC 827 lies 12' NW of mag 6.3 HD 111893.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 827 = J. 1-224 on 19 May 1892. His position is ~1' too far southwest, but the identification is certain.

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IC 829 = MCG -02-33-037 = PGC 43675

12 52 27.4 -15 31 07; Crv

V = 13.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.9

18" (5/28/06): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. This member of AGC 1631 is in a very tight trio with MCG -02-33-036 at the west edge (difficult to resolve) and MCG -02-33-038 1.4' E. MCG -02-33-038 appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 8' SW of NGC 4756.

18" (4/29/06): brightest in small trio within AGC 1631. Appeared fairly faint, fairly small, small bright core. Initially appeared elongated 2:1 E-W though in moments of better seeing in poor conditions, it appeared double with a knot (MCG -02-33-036) resolved at the west edge. Located 8.8' SW of NGC 4756. In a close trio with MCG -02-33-038 1.4' E, which appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. With the addition of MCG -02-33-35 this quartet would satisfy the criteria of a Hickson group.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 829 = Big. 178 on 13 May 1888. MCG and PGC misidentify MCG -02-33-038 as IC 829.

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IC 830 = UGC 8003 = MCG +09-21-055 = CGCG 270-028 = LGG 300-005 = PGC 43533

12 51 16.4 +53 41 43; UMa

V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 164°

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20", broad concentration to a small brighter core and nucleus.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small, the core is bright, slightly elongated, 15" diameter, increases to a stellar nucleus. The N-S extensions are much fainter and increase size to 30"x15". Member of a group (LGG 300) that includes NGC 4669, 4686 and 4675.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 830 = Sw. 9-35 on 8 Jun 1890 and reported "vF; vS; lE; stellar." His position was 1.6' too far southeast.

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IC 831 = MCG +05-30-113 = CGCG 159-100 = PGC 43708

12 52 44.1 +26 28 13; Com

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 96°

24" (5/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, 25"x20", low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 10.6 star is 3.3' S and mag 9.3 HD 111891 is 5.6' WNW. IC 832 lies 17' ESE.

Rudolf Spitaler discovered IC 831 = Spitaler 56, along with a rediscovery of IC 832, on 25 Feb 1892.

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IC 832 = MCG +05-30-119 = CGCG 159-105 = PGC 43848

12 53 59.1 +26 26 39; Com

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A 27" pair of mag 12 stars is 2' NW and roughly "point" to the galaxy. IC 831 lies 17' WNW.

Truman Safford discovered IC 832 = Sf. 22 = Spitaler 57 on 16 May 1866, though the discovery wasn't published until 1887. Rudolph Spitaler found it again at Vienna on 24 Feb 1892. He noted a beautiful double star to the northeast, but the correct direction is northwest.

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IC 833 = NGC 4813 = MCG -01-33-055 = Holm 385a = PGC 44160

12 56 36.1 -06 49 04; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°

17.5" (5/17/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 11' NE of a mag 9.5 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 833 = Sw. 8-66 on 25 Mar 1889 and reported "vF; S; R." Close to his position is an extremely faint galaxy (LEDA 158287), that is not listed in MCG or PGC. But 5' S of Swift's position is NGC 4813, which would have been nearby in Swift's wide field view, yet wasn't mentioned. Corwin lists both galaxies as candidates but assigns the PGC as more likely due to the positional match. Based on the DSS image, I feel this galaxy is probably too faint to have been seen by Swift -- or at least would have been called "eeF" or "eeeF" -- and his observation more likely applies to NGC 4813. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 834 = MCG +05-31-011 = CGCG 160-022 = PGC 44138

12 56 18.6 +26 21 32; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 95°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", fairly high surface brightness, stellar nucleus. IC 835 lies 11' NE. Member of the Coma Galaxy Cluster (AGC 1656).

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 834 = Spitaler 58, along with IC 835, 837 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. His description reads, "Faint nebula, but slightly brighter than Nova 57 [IC 832], 45" diameter, star-like nucleus.". His position was ~1.5' too far south (same error as IC 835), so there was likely an error in the position of his offset star.

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IC 835 = MCG +05-31-021 = CGCG 160-032 = PGC 44200

12 56 52.3 +26 29 16; Com

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 24", very slightly brighter nucleus. This member of AGC 1656 is flanked by IC 834 11' SW and IC 837 9' ENE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 835 = Spitaler 59, along with IC 834, 837 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. He described the IC 835, 837 pair as "Two pale, round nebulae of 30" diameter."

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IC 836 = UGC 8059 = MCG +11-16-007 = CGCG 316-006 = PGC 44092

12 55 54.0 +63 36 44; Dra

V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.25'; PA = 73°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, thin edge-on, ~6:1 WSW-ENE, even surface brightness, except for a small brighter core. A mag 12 star is close off the east tip of the galaxy. A 14th mag star is nearly attached to the north edge, a bit west of the core. A mag 9.9 star is 7' due south.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; very interesting edge-on! This galaxy is very thin, ~8:1 WSW-ENE, ~60"x8", tapers at tips. It extends directly west of a mag 12.4 star and a 14th mag star is just off the NW flank. Located 39' W of mag 6.0 HD113337.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 836 = Sw. 7-28 on 1 Jun 1888 and reported "eeeF; vS; bet. 2 st 11 and 12 mag p and f close to latter; an eee diff. object." His position is 1.1' too far ENE, which is within his usual errors. This galaxy is not identified as IC 836 in CGCG, MCG, UGC, PGC as well as the online LEDA database.

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IC 837 = MCG +05-31-028 = CGCG 160-041 = PGC 44322

12 57 31.2 +26 30 44; Com

V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 12°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~30"x15". This member of AGC 1656 (Coma Galaxy Cluster) is located 9' ENE of IC 835 and 12' NW of NGC 4849.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 837 = Spitaler 60, along with IC 834, 835 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. He described the IC 835, 837 pair as "Two pale, round nebulae of 30" diameter."

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IC 838 = NGC 4849A = Holm 495b = MCG +05-31-043 = PGC 44444

12 58 13.6 +26 25 37; Com

V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.55'

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness, 15" diameter. This outlying member of AGC 1656 is located just 1.8' N of the center of NGC 4849.

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint, very small, round, 10" diameter [core region only]. This faint galaxy forms a double with NGC 4849 just 1.8' S.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 838 on 24 Feb 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna, although he confused the main object he reported as new. His description for Nova 61 (actually NGC 4849) reads, "Brightness and appearance like Nova 58. Probably identical with Nova d'Arrest [NGC 4849]. Northeast of this nebula, at 1.5', there is still another nebula, but much fainter; Both together form a pretty double nebula." Dreyer realized that Spitaler 61 referred to NGC 4849, but Spitaler's second fainter nebula to the northeast was catalogued as IC 838.

CGCG mislabels NGC 4849 as IC 838

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IC 839 = CGCG 160-057 = WBL 426-038 = PGC 44423

12 58 15.0 +28 07 33; Com

V = 15.0; Size 0.45'x0.25'; PA = 84°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~15"x10". This member of AGC 1656 (Coma Galaxy Cluster) is located 2' SW of NGC 4851.

Bigourdan discovered IC 839 = Big. 179 on 12 May 1885. His original estimated position in his 4th discovery list in 1891 is ~1.1' SW of the double system NGC 4851 and a similar distance NNE of CGCG 160-057. Probably due to this ambiguity several sources associate IC 839 with one or both of the components of NGC 4851. But in his later massive tables of complete observations, Bigourdan's precise offsets point directly to CGCG 160-057 = PGC 44423. NED has the correct identification, but both SIMBAD and HyperLEDA misidentify the northern component of NGC 4851 as IC 839.

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IC 840 = UGC 8090 = CGCG 071-086 = MCG +02-33-040 = PGC 44495

12 58 42.0 +10 36 59; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 161°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; pretty faint, round, diffuse, at most 30" diameter. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 13.3 star 2' SW and a mag 12.8 star 3' SE. Located 10' WSW of mag 8.1 HD 112828.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 840 = J. 2-756 on 19 May 1893.

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IC 841 = MCG +04-31-002 = CGCG 130-003 = PGC 44665

12 59 47.3 +21 48 48; Com

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"-30" diameter, low irregular surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is 2.5' SE. Located 0.7° ENE of M64.

Herbert Couper Wilson discovered IC 841 = W. VI-132, along with IC 851, on 24/25 Feb 1892. Wilson found these during a search for Winnecke's Comet with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. His position, given roughly to the nearest minute of RA, is 7' too far WNW.

Max Wolf found the galaxy again on a Heidelberg plate and questioned if object #132 on his 6th list was identical to IC 841. Dreyer gave Wolf's corrected coordinates in the IC 2 Notes. Neither CGCG nor MCG identify their equivalent catalogue entries as IC 841.

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IC 842 = UGC 8118 = MCG +05-31-087 = CGCG 160-088 = PGC 44795

13 00 39.6 +29 01 11; Com

V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 57°

18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 0.7'x0.45', broad weak concentration with no distinct core or nucleus. Located 13' SW of NGC 4913 = IC 843 and 14' WSW of IC 4088.

Truman Safford discovered IC 842 = Sf. 2 on 3 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory.

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IC 843 = NGC 4913 = UGC 8137 = MCG +05-31-100 = CGCG 160-099 = PGC 44908

13 01 33.6 +29 07 50; Com

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 134°

18" (4/30/11): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE, 45"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus. IC 4088 lies 5.6' SSE, NGC 4916 is 10' NE and NGC 4922 is 11' NNW. This galaxy is identified as IC 843 in all modern catalogues. See identification notes for NGC 4912.

Truman Safford found IC 843 = Sf. 3, along with IC 842, on 3 May 1866. This galaxy was probably originally discovered by Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse on 24 Apr 1865 and catalogued as NGC 4913. On the same observation he discovered NGC 4912, NGC 4916 and IC 4088. Parsons assumed he was observing the NGC 4914 field, but the discovery sketch that shows 4 nebulae (and one suspected neb) is a reasonably good match with a field 8° further south. NGC 4913, labeled as Gamma in the diagram, matches IC 843. Sue French originally suggested this identification.

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IC 844 = MCG -05-31-024 = ESO 443-040 = LGG 317-006 = PGC 45086

13 03 18.2 -30 31 16; Cen

V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 100°

18" (5/3/11): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 E-W, 30"x15", slightly brighter core. Located 13' W of NGC 4936 and 6' NW of double star B 240 (9.3/11.3 at 6"), which was barely resolved.

18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, 0.8'x0.3', slightly brighter core. In a group with NGC 4936 12' E. A mag 9 star (HD 113397) lies 6' SE.

Joseph Turner first discovered IC 844 on 20 May 1882 with the 48" Great Melbourne Telescope. Turner mistakenly assumed he was observing NGC 4936, though he noted two discrepancies with Herschel's description. First, he found the "nebula" considerably elongated (the sketch shows E-W), while Herschel described it (NGC 4936) as round. Also, he found a star preceding, while Herschel mentioned a star 6 seconds of time following. His comments and sketch clearly refer to IC 844, instead of NGC 4936. Yann Pothier found this early discovery in July 2020.

Frank Muller rediscovered IC 844 = LM(S) 585 on 13 May 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His filar micrometer is accurate and was copied into the IC I.

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IC 845 = MCG +02-33-053 = CGCG 071-107 = PGC 45234

13 04 57.4 +12 04 45; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 129°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter. A mag 13 star is 3' W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 845 = Sw. 8-67 on 3 May 1889 and reported "eeeF; S; R; F * nr. p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, though the declination is given to the nearest minute and marked as uncertain. Junder under 6' WSW of his position is PGC 45234 and a mag 13 star is 3' W, matching his description. So, this is the most likely candidate, though it is not identified as IC 845 in MCG, CGCG, PGC, etc.

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IC 846 = CGCG 130-007 = PGC 45267

13 05 21.1 +23 05 44; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 154°

24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness except for a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 15 "star" is 2.6' W. The SDSS reveals this is a close 2" pair.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 846 = J. 1-225 on 16 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 847 = NGC 4973 = MCG +09-22-006 = CGCG 270-049 = CGCG 271-005 = PGC 45280 = PGC 45299

13 05 32.2 +53 41 07; UMa

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0

18" (6/27/03): faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", weak concentration to a slightly brighter core and a ver faint stellar nucleus. In a small, rich group with MCG +09-21-101 4.7' WSW and NGC 4974 3.8' SE Located 2.6' E of a mag 11 star. A mag 13 star lies 2' SE midway between NGC 4973 and NGC 4974.

Lewis Swift found IC 847 = Sw. 9-36 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "vF; S; R; bet 2 star. His position matches NGC 4973 and the two stars are 2.6' W and 2' SE. So, NGC 4973 = IC 847. Herbert Howe found NGC 4973 again on 29 Jun 1900 and included it in his 3rd list of new nebulae (#19), assuming NGC 4973 and 4974 were further east. He stated in his notes that 3-19 was near IC 847, so Corwin concludes Howe probably misidentified NGC 4974 as IC 847.

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IC 849 = UGC 8202 = MCG +00-34-002 = CGCG 016-003 = PGC 45480

13 07 38.7 -00 56 33; Vir

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 5:4 SW-NE?, ~40" diameter. Weak concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. The halo has an ill-defined periphery. Largest in a group (USGC U516) with IC 850 5' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 849 = J. 2-757, along with IC 850, on 10 May 1893.

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IC 850 = MCG +00-34-003 = CGCG 016-004 = PGC 45491

13 07 50.2 -00 52 06; Vir

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 68°

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 30"x12", low surface brightness, broad weak concentration, no core or nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 849 5' SSW and part of a small group (USGC U516).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 850 = J. 2-758, along with IC 849, on 10 May 1893.

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IC 851 = UGC 8219 = MCG +04-31-009 = CGCG 130-011 = KUG 1306+213 = PGC 45552

13 08 34.3 +21 02 59; Com

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 152°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 40"x20", low even surface brightness.

Édouard Stephan was the first to discover IC 851 on 26 Apr 1878. His rough position was 4' SE, consistent with his other uncorrected errors. Apparently he never measured an accurate position as the discovery wasn't published and he wasn't credited.

Herbert C. Wilson rediscovered IC 851, along with IC 841, on 24/25 Feb 1892 with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. Wilson found these while searching for Winnecke's Comet and he noted "both are very faint and can only be seen with large telescopes." His position was accurate.

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IC 852 = UGC 8213 = MCG +10-19-035 = CGCG 294-018 = PGC 45472

13 07 36.8 +60 09 26; UMa

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.9; PA = 22°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round ~30" diameter. With averted more of the fainter outer halo is visible increasing the diameter to ~40", and at times the halo seems somewhat elongated. Located 5.6' E of mag 8.3 HD 114057.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 852 = Sw. 7-29 on 17 Apr 1888 and described this galaxy as "vF; pS; R; B * p[receding]." His position is good. The "bright star" is probably mag 8.3 HD 114057 5.6' W.

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IC 853 = IC 4205 = UGC 8230 = MCG +09-22-019 = CGCG 271-018 = PGC 45560

13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'

24" (7/23/20): at 260x; fairly faint, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter central region and a faint stellar nucleus. Overall the galaxy is diffuse with a fairly low surface brightness. A mag 12.4 star is 3.8' NE.

Edward Swift discovered IC 853 = Sw. 9-37 on 8 Jun 1890. His father Lewis reported "eeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant st[ars]." The position is fairly close (1.5' too far southeast) and the two stars are probably NW and SE. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 23 May 1897 and reported Sw. 11-151 (later IC 4205) as "vF; pL; R". His position was 5' N of IC 853, but matches in RA. So IC 853 = IC 4205. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 854 = MCG +04-31-011 = CGCG 130-014 = PGC 45664

13 09 50.0 +24 34 39; Com

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 122°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter. A faint mag 15.4 star is 1' SE. A mag 9.7 star is 4.5' ENE. IC 4202, a superthin edge-on, lies 19' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 854 = J. 1-227 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 855 = PGC 45725

13 10 36.9 -04 29 04; Vir

Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (5/31/22): at 228x and 327x; very faint, small, round, well defined 25"-30" glow, but very low and uniform surface brightness. A mag 14.2 star is 1.0' SW. A mag 9.8 star (SAO 139202) is 9' NE. NGC 5015 is 28' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 855 = J. 2-759 on 15 May 1893. He noted "faint, little extended, ill-defined, very pale. Near a star of mag 13.5 (2.5 seconds later and 40" north of the star). His position and description matches.

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IC 856 = CGCG 130-015 = PGC 45733

13 10 41.6 +20 32 12; Com

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.2'; PA = 64°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, slightly brighter core, 0.7'x0.2'. Bracketed by two mag 13.5 stars roughly 1.5' NE and 1.5' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 856 = J. 1-228 on 11 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 857 = UGC 8310 = MCG +03-34-006 = CGCG 101-010 = PGC 45983

13 13 50.2 +17 04 34; Com

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~35"x20", broad weak concentration, irregular halo. A 25" pair of mag 14.6/14.7 stars is 3' SW. IC 857 is the first in a trio of galaxies (same redshift) with IC 858 and 859, 17' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 857 = J. 1-229 on 23 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 858 = UGC 8321 = MCG +03-34-007 = CGCG 101-011 = PGC 46069

13 14 51.9 +17 13 36; Com

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 100°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly in the fairly bright bin; roundish, high surface brightness core region ~20" diameter, total diameter 0.5'-0.6' diameter. Forms a close (interacting) pair with IC 859 1.3' E. This galaxy is brighter and larger. IC 857 lies 17' SW, the trio forming a physical triplet. STF 1733, an attractive mag 9/10.4 pair at 5" lies 20' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 858 = J. 1-230 on 19 May 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 859 = MCG +03-34-008 = CGCG 101-012 = ARK 408 = PGC 46074

13 14 57.3 +17 13 31; Com

V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.6'

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~20" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. Forms a close (interacting) pair with brighter IC 858 1.3' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 859 = J. 1-231 on 23 Jun 1892. His position is accurate. Perhaps this galaxy was first seen a month earlier when IC 858 was discovered, but not measured until June.

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IC 860 = MCG +04-31-015 = CGCG 130-023 = PGC 46086

13 15 03.5 +24 37 08; Com

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 15°

24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 30"x20", increases to a small bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 15.3 star is 50" NW and a mag 11 star is 5' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 860 = J. 1-232 on 16 Jun 1892. He noted "faint, round, 10" diameter, mag 14 stellar nucleus." His position is accurate.

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IC 864 = LEDA 1633794

13 17 08.5 +20 41 30; Com

V = 15.3; Size 0.55'x0.25'; PA = 23°

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately bright, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, ~20"x10". First in a group of 7 IC galaxies with IC 866 1.9' E.

LEDA 1634204, situated just 1.4' NE, appeared extremely faint, very small, 8" diameter. Both IC 864 and LEDA 1634204 lie in the background of the IC group (WBL 438), with a light-travel time of 530-550 million years.

Lewis Swift probably discovered IC 864 = Sw. 8-68 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS R; 1st of 5 [with IC 866, 867, 868 and 870]." His position is 2' SSE of LEDA 1633794 and 2' due south of his position for Sw. 8-69 = IC 866. But these two galaxies are actually separated by 2' due E-W, so clearly an error was made or only a single galaxy was actually observed. In any case, Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 (adding IC 869) and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC. Although the identification of IC 864 is certain based on Javelle's position, HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 1633794 as IC 864.

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IC 865 = LEDA 158675

13 17 35.5 -05 50 02; Vir

Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 40°

24" (5/31/22): at 263x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, pretty small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"-30" diameter. Contains a very small brighter nucleus with an occasional stellar peak. A 20" pair of mag 13.8/14.7 stars is less than 4' NNE, a mag 13 star is 2.5' ENE and a mag 14 star is 1.7' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 865 = J. 2-760 on 15 May 1893. He noted it as "faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus." Although his position is accurate, HyperLEDA doesn't identify LEDA 158675 as IC 865. IC 865 is missing from the original version of the PGC.

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IC 866 = UGC 8354 = MCG +04-31-019 = CGCG 130-027 = WBL 438-002 = PGC 46279

13 17 16.7 +20 41 28; Com

V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.35'; PA = 33°

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, weak core/nucleus. In this quick observation I didn't look for the low surface brightness arm to the southwest. A mag 15.8 star is 0.9' E. Second in a group of 7 IC galaxies (10 total) with IC 964 1.9' W. LEDA 1634204 lies 1.7' NW. Five of the galaxies (IC 866, 867, 868, 870, LEDA 1632104) are part of a physical group (WBL 438 = RSCG 69).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 866 = Sw. 8-69 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 2nd of 5 [with IC 864, 867, 868, 870]." His position is 1.2' W of UGC 8354. Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 (adding one additional galaxy) and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC.

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IC 867 = UGC 8353 = MCG +04-31-020 = CGCG 130-026 = WBL 438-001 = PGC 46283

13 17 19.8 +20 38 17; Com

V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 18°

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, round, moderately large , ~0.8' diameter. Contains a faint stellar nucleus embedded in an elongated core or bar oriented NW-SE. This is the largest galaxy in the group (WBL 438 = RSCG 69), although the halo has a very low surface brightness. IC 866 lies 3.3' N, IC 868 is 2.6' SE and IC 870 is 3.5' SE.

Forms a close pair with LEDA 1632295, just 45" SW of center. It appeared very faint, very small, ~6" diameter, elongated NW-SE. This small galaxy forms a 5" or 6" pair with a mag 17.6 star and they were not resolved in soft seeing.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 867 = Sw. 8-70 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 3rd of 5." He also noted in his description of IC 870 that "4 pB st. in a curve sf points to the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th." His position is 1.3' S of UGC 8353, but this galaxy is roughly collinear with IC 868 and 870 (4th and 5th), so the identification is certain. Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC.

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IC 868 = MCG +04-31-021 = CGCG 130-028 = WBL 438-003 = PGC 46281

13 17 28.5 +20 36 44; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 10°

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, 18" diameter, contains a very small bright core with a stellar nucleus. In a group with IC 870 0.9' SE and LEDA 1632104 0.6' NE. IC 867, 2.6' NW, is collinear with IC 868 and 870. LEDA 1632104 appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, ~10"x7".

Lewis Swift discovered IC 868 = Sw. 8-71 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 4th of 5; D[ouble] with 5th [IC 869]." His position is 2' too far SW, but the comment "double with IC 869" as well as his description for IC 869 clearly points to CGCG 130-028 as IC 868. Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC.

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IC 869 = LEDA 1633609

13 17 29.9 +20 41 03; Com

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; IC 869 was resolved into a very close pair of galaxies (33" separation NW-SE). IC 869 NED1, the brighter northwest component, appeared fairly faint to moderately bright (V = 15.0), fairly small, round, 15" diameter. IC 869 NED2, the fainter southeast component, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 10" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 869 = J. 1-239 on 11 Jun 1891. A faint pair of galaxies, separated by 34" NW-SE, is at his position. The position here is on the brighter NW galaxy. HyperLeda doesn't recognize either of these galaxies as IC 869. Wolfgang Steinicke misclassifies this object as a star, although it is clearly nonstellar on the SDSS.

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IC 870 = MCG +04-31-022 = CGCG 130-029 = WBL 438-004 = PGC 46286

13 17 30.9 +20 36 01; Com

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 50°

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, at least 0.5'x0.3', small bright core. Last in a group of IC galaxies with IC 868 0.9' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 870 = Sw. 8-72 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeeF; vS; R; 5th of 5; 4 pB st. in a curve sf point to the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th." Although his position was 2' too far WSW, the identification with CGCG 130-029 is certain based on this description; the close two stars to the south point directly to IC 870. Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 (adding one additional galaxy) and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC.

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IC 871 = UGC 8358 = MCG +01-34-016 = CGCG 044-058 = KTG 46A = PGC 46321

13 17 58.7 +04 24 12; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 70°

24" (5/11/13): first and largest in a trio (KTG 46) with IC 873 5.7' NE and IC 876 10' NE. At 375x appeared fairly faint, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.8'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a bright core and diffuse halo. A mag 12 star lies 1.3' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 871 = J. 2-761, along with IC 873 and 876, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 872 = UGC 8349 = MCG +01-34-014 = CGCG 044-052 = PGC 46250

13 17 01.6 +06 21 25; Vir

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 117°

24" (6/21/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x35", broad concentration with a brighter middle but no distinct core. A faint mag 15.4/16.2 pair at 12" separation (cleanly resolved) is 1.2' ESE.

CGCG 44-54, located 4.4' NE, appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 45" NE.

UGC 8361, located 19' E (and much closer to the IC 872 position), appeared fairly faint, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 40"x20", small bright core, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 14.9 star is 44" NW.

24" (6/16/20): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, slightly brighter core. A mag 15.4 star is 1.2' ESE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 872 = Sw. 10-21, along with IC 877, 878 and 880, on 28 Apr 1891 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; little brighter middle; 1st of 5; 5060 in field = 2nd of 5; ee diff." His position falls 2' NW of UGC 8361, which is located 24' NE of NGC 5060. The problem is that NGC 5060 would be outside of Swift's eyepiece field with UGC 8361 centered. But Corwin suggests IC 872 may be UGC 8349, which is 1.2 minutes of RA west of Swift's position. This is a brighter galaxy and it lies NNW of NGC 5060. So, both of these galaxies are candidates. To further muddy the situation, there are no galaxies at all near the position of IC 877, 878 and 880. Did Swift misidentify the field completely, so it didn't contain NGC 5060? In any case, both UGC 8349 and 8361 are candidates.

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IC 873 = CGCG 044-059 = KTG 46B = PGC 46345

13 18 16.3 +04 27 52; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (5/11/13): at 375x appeared fairly faint, small, round, 18", weak concentration. Compact galaxy with a moderately high surface brightness. Second of three (KTG 46) with IC 871 5.7' SW and IC 876 4.8' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 873 = J. 2-762, along with IC 871 and 876, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 874 = ESO 508-042 = MCG -04-31-050 = PGC 46410

13 19 00.5 -27 37 44; Hya

V = 12.4; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 17°

24" (5/25/14): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 40"x30", well concentrated with a small bright core that increases to the center. Located 17' SW of NGC 5078. A wide 45" pair of mag 10.7 stars lies 3' NNW.

Frank Muller discovered IC 874 = LM(S) 599 on 14 Mar 1888 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His two micrometric offsets (in RA), published in the large 1893 monograph "Southern Nebulae" match ESO 508-042.

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IC 875 = UGC 8355 = Mrk 249 = MCG +10-19-059 = CGCG 294-030 = PGC 46263

13 17 07.6 +57 32 22; UMa

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 149°

24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~35"x30", stellar nucleus, hint of brightening along the spine of the major axis. A mag 13.5 star is 1.4' W.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x30". An isosceles triangle "points" to the galaxy, with the mag 13.5 vertex star just 1.4' W. The other two stars are 3' NW (mag 14) and 3' SW (mag 13.5).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 875 = Sw. 9-38 on 15 Jun 1890 and reported "eF; vS; R; stellar." His position is accurate.

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IC 876 = MCG +01-34-017 = CGCG 044-061 = KTG 46C = PGC 46370

13 18 34.6 +04 29 11; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (5/11/13): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 24"x18", weak concentration, small brighter nucleus. Third in trio with IC 871 and 873, spanning 10' SW to NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 876 = J. 2-763, along with IC 871 and 873, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 879 = IC 4222 = ESO 508-047 = MCG -04-31-052 = LGG 341-003 = PGC 46479

13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 102°

48" (4/28/22): moderately bright, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, ~50"x20", brighter core. Located 2' SW of NGC 5078. Member of the NGC 5071 group (LGG 341).

24" (5/25/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 50"x25", slightly brighter 20" core, fairly low surface brightness. Forms a pair with much brighter NGC 5078 2' NE.

Frank Muller discovered IC 879 = LM(S) 602 = Sw. 11-154 on 16 Feb 1888 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His two micrometric offsets (in RA) matches ESO 508-047. Lewis Swift independently found the galaxy 10 years later on 28 Mar 1898, in the last couple of months before ending his observing career at Lowe Observatory. His position for Sw. 11-154 (later IC 4222) is exactly one degree too far south, but he mentions "[NGC] 5078 near north-following", clinching the identification. So, IC 879 = IC 4222 with IC 879 the primary designation.

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IC 881 = UGC 8375 = MCG +03-34-016 = CGCG 101-025 = PGC 46498

13 19 56.3 +15 51 02; Com

V = 13.6; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 12°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright and large, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.9'x0.2', well concentrated with a small bright core. IC 881 is the brighter and larger of a pair with IC 882 3.9' NE. Both are at a distance of ~320 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 881 = J. 1-241, along with IC 882, on 22 Jul 1892. His position is just off the west side of the galaxy (similar offset error as IC 882).

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IC 882 = MCG +03-34-017 = CGCG 101-027 = PGC 46508

13 20 07.0 +15 53 51; Com

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:4 SW-NE, 30"x24", stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is 1' NW. Forms a (physical) pair with IC 881 3.9' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 882 = J. 1-242, along with IC 881, on 22 Jul 1892.

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IC 883 = Arp 193 = UGC 8387 = CGCG 189-054 = I Zw 56 = PGC 46560

13 20 35.3 +34 08 22; CVn

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 141°

24" (5/31/22): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.25', broad concentration, slightly brighter spot (nucleus) near the SE end. Located 26' E of mag 5.8 HD 115723.

This is a later stage merger with tidal tails (not seen) extending SE and SW from the main boxy body.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 883 = Spitaler 22 on 1 May 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. He described it as "Faint, somewhat irregular round nebula, 1/2' diameter; slightly brighter in the middle. Occasional stellar nucleus."

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IC 885 = MCG +04-32-008 = CGCG 131-005 = PGC 46722

13 22 30.9 +21 18 59; Com

V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 170°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint and small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus, smooth halo. A mag 13.4 star is 3' SE. CGCG 131-004, which lies 6.7' N, is faint, small, round, at most 20" diameter.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 885 = Sw. 8-73 on 3 May 1889 and reported "vF; pS; R." His position is accurate to within 1'.

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IC 888 = NGC 5136 = MCG +02-34-015 = CGCG 072-070 = PGC 46905

13 24 51.4 +13 44 16; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'

See observing notes for NGC 5136.

Lewis Swift found IC 888 = Sw. 8-74 on 3 May 1889 and reported "eeeF; pS; R." There is nothing at Swift's position but exactly 1.0 min of RA west is NGC 5136. Dreyer, of course, assumed it was a new object but Harold Corwin suggests IC 888 = NGC 5136.

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IC 891 = MCG +00-34-040 = CGCG 016-080 = PGC 47418

13 29 59.9 +00 18 18; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.8'

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, low surface brightness. Very weak concentration with an low contrast nucleus. Located 3' SW of mag 8.6 HD 117406 (64 Virginis), which affects the view. A mag 11.8 star is 2.6' E, making nearly a right angle with IC 891 and 64 Vir.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 891 = J. 2-766 on 8 Jun 1893. He called it "faint, small, round, 30" diameter, with a stellar nucleus of mag 13." His published position was about 1' too far SE.

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IC 892 = UGC 8512 = MCG +00-35-001 = CGCG 017-005 = PGC 47564

13 31 45.9 -02 42 47; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.8'; PA = 19°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.45', strong concentration, small bright core. A mag 12 star is 2.7' NNE and a mag 13 star is 3' N. IC 893 lies 6' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 892 = J. 2-767, along with IC 893, on 4 Jul 1893. Both of his positions are 1' too far south, likely due to an error in the position of the offset star.

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IC 893 = UGC 8513 = MCG +00-35-002 = CGCG 017-006 = PGC 47566

13 31 47.4 -02 36 42; Vir

V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.25'; PA = 52°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint edge-on 4:1 or 5:1 SW-NE, 40" to 45" in length and 10" wide, low even surface brightness. IC 892 lies 6' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 893 = J. 2-768, along with IC 892, on 4 Jul 1893.

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IC 894 = MCG +03-35-002 = CGCG 102-006 = PGC 47597

13 32 04.8 +17 02 56; Com

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 79°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 E-W, ~40"x24", small bright core, nearly stellar nucleus. Mag 8.6 HD 117711 (very wide pair) is 6' NW.

CGCG 102-013, located 17' ENE, is very faint (V = 15.3), round, 20" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 894 = J. 1-244 on 23 Jun 1892. He noted it as "pretty faint, round, 15" diameter, a little brighter in the center."

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IC 895 = NGC 5273 = UGC 8675 = MCG +06-30-072 = CGCG 190-041 = Holm 535a = PGC 48521

13 42 08.4 +35 39 16; CVn

V = 11.6; Size 2.8'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 10°

See observing notes for NGC 5273.

Lewis Swift found IC 895 = Sw. 8-75 on 1 Sep 1888 and reported "vF; pL; R; * in center ? D[ouble]." There is nothing near his position. The closest galaxy he might have picked up is NGC 5240, but his position is well off in RA (3 minutes 40 sec) and over 4' in declination. Without finding a suitable candidate, Harold Corwin listed this number as lost. But in August 2017, I noticed that if I added 10 minutes of RA to Swift's position, this landed just off the northeast edge of NGC 5273 (discovered by William Herschel), and Swift's description is a good match with his galaxy. This assumes he missed nearby, but much fainter, NGC 5276. Swift apparently also made a 10 minute error in recording the RA of IC 1943, discovered in 1897 near the end of his observing career.

When I contacted Corwin about this find, he noticed that the same 10 minutes of RA correction applied to IC 1028 and IC 1045, discovered on the same night! This results in IC 1028 = NGC 5739 and IC 1045 = UGC 9559, instead of the identifications IC 1028 = UGC 9368 in modern catalogues 15' SE of Swift's position and IC 1045 = NGC 5731?, from Corwin. Finally, Courtney Seligman found that IC 511, the 4th and last object discovered that night, shares the same 10 minute error (see that number). So, due to the common error of all 4 objects, these new identifications are secure.

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IC 896 = UGC 8545 = MCG +01-35-007 = CGCG 045-027 = PGC 47794

13 34 10.2 +04 52 06; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 29°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, though occasionally seems 2:1, brighter core, 0.6'x0.4'. Located 9' WSW of mag 7.9 HD 118128.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 896 = J. 1-245 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is 1' too far southeast. MCG misidentifies MCG +01-35-005, instead of -007, as IC 896.

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IC 897 = CGCG 102-020 = PGC 47816

13 34 19.5 +17 50 53; Com

V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.15'; PA = 75°

17.5" (5/30/92): extremely faint, very small. I could only glimpse this object for moments with averted vision but it appeared very elongated 3:1 SW-NE and extremely thin. Forms a pair with NGC 5217 3' WNW. Observation verified on the POSS.

All modern sources (except for NED) misidentify IC 897 as UGC 8544, a thin edge-on located 10' SW. Bigourdan, who discovered IC 897, unfortunately misidentified his offset star and when his offsets are applied to the star he noted, the position falls close to UGC 8544. But when the correct offset star is used, the identification of IC 897 = CGCG 102-20 is matched. This identification also agrees with his offsets for IC 897 from NGC 5217.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 897 = Big. 180 on 20 May 1890 and noted "Magnitude 13.5; situated from NGC 5217 at a PA of 105, Dist. = 3.5 arcmins." His published position in Comptes Rendus (used by Dreyer in the IC) happens to fall near UGC 8544 = CGCG 102-016 and modern catalogues have taken this galaxy as IC 897. Malcolm Thomson sorted out the correct identification (see "The True Identity of IC 897" in Deep Sky Observer #136) as well as Harold Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 900 = UGC 8555 = MCG +02-35-004 = CGCG 073-037 = PGC 47855

13 34 43.0 +09 20 13; Vir

V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.0'; PA = 28°

24" (5/31/22): fairly faint, moderately large, oval ~3:2 SSW-NNE, ~1.0'x0.65', broad concentration with a slightly brighter middle that seems elongated along the major axis. A mag 11.9 star is 1' NW. Located 50' NW of spiral galaxy NGC 5248.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 900 = J. 1-247 on 14 May 1892. He noted "faint, round, 30" diameter, gradually condensed." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 901 = MCG +02-35-011 = CGCG 073-045 = WBL 456-001 = PGC 47954

13 35 42.4 +13 19 51; Vir

V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 120°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, fairly small, diffuse, 20" diameter. With averted vision, though, it sometimes elongated 0.6'x0.4' NW-SE with a very low surface brightness halo. The galaxy is in a line with a mag 11.8 star 3' NNW, a mag 13.3 star 3' SSE and a mag 12 star 5.4' SSE. Also a mag 13.3 star is 1.4' ESE with extremely dim UGC 8576 at its east edge. IC 901 is located 23' S of NGC 5230.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 901 = J. 1-248 on 24 May 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 902 = UGC 8593 = MCG +08-25-024 = CGCG 246-017 = PGC 47985

13 36 01.2 +49 57 39; UMa

V = 13.7; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 162°

24" (6/30/19): at 282x; fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on nearly 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.3', small bright core. A mag 10.5 star lies 2' NW and a mag 12.5 star is 1.6' S; the galaxy is parallel to the line connecting these stars.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly moderately bright, very nice edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.25'x0.25', very small brighter core. The galaxy is flanked by a mag 10.5 star 2' NW and a mag 12.6 star 1.6' S of center. Located 2° WNW of mag 1.9 Alkaid, very close to the CVn border.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 902 = Sw. 7-32 on 8 Apr 1888 and recorded "eeF; S; vE; v diff; nearly bet. 2 stars." His position is off the southwest side of the galaxy and his desciption fits.

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IC 903 = UGC 8625 = MCG +00-35-013 = CGCG 017-045 = PGC 48207

13 38 26.1 -00 13 39; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 1.7'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 178°

24" (5/24/20): at 225x and 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 (with averted), ~1.0'x0.4', relatively large brighter core that is noticeably elongated, slightly brighter roundish nucleus. The outer disc has a low surface brightness. The nearest brighter star is mag 8.7 HD 118526 14' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 903 = J. 2-770 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 904 = UGC 8628 = CGCG 017-047 = MCG +00-35-014 = KTG 47B = PGC 48217

13 38 32.2 +00 32 25; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 127°

24" (5/11/13): moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 40"x20", fairly high surface brightness, brighter nucleus. Brightest in a trio (KTG 47) with UGC 8631 1.9' E and CGCG 17-46 2.0' SSW. A mag 9.5 star lies 4.7' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 904 = J. 2-761 on 8 Jun 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 905 = MCG +04-32-020 = CGCG 131-019 = PGC 48349

13 40 02.9 +23 08 34; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 0.85'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 141°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, strongly concentrated with a 20"x15" core and a very low surface brightness halo. The core has a moderately high surface brightness and increases to a small brighter nucleus and a stellar pip. A mag 12.1 star is 2.9' WNW and a mag 13.3 star is 2.5' WSW. First in a group of 7 faint IC galaxies (WBL 463) with IC 906 12' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 905 = J. 1-249, along with IC 906, 910, 911, 912, 913 and 914, on 16-17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 906 = MCG +04-32-021 = CGCG 131-020 = PGC 48348

13 40 10.0 +23 20 28; Boo

V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 145°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, very small round nucleus. This galaxy is collinear with a mag 9.7 star 6.4' W and a mag 13.5 star 4.6' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 906 = J. 1-250 on 16 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 907 = UGC 8643 = MCG +09-22-090 = CGCG 271-055 = PGC 48286

13 39 23.0 +51 03 04; UMa

V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 20°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, nice edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x10", slightly brighter core, fairly high surface brightness. Located 13' NE of mag 7.8 HD 118809.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 907 = Sw. 7-33 on 8 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; pS; R." There is nothing at his position, but CGCG, UGC and RC3 take UGC 8643 as IC 907. This galaxy is situated 20' N of his position and the only one in the immediate vicinity. Although UGC 8643 is likely Swift's object, his brief description doesn't give any clues to verify this identification.

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IC 909 = MCG +04-32-023 = CGCG 131-022 = PGC 48408

13 40 51.2 +24 28 24; Boo

V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, compact appearance, 20" diameter. IC 916 lies 24' E.

Truman Safford discovered IC 909 = Sf. 28, along with IC 916, on 6 Jun 1866. Although there was no published description, his position is 2' NW of CGCG 131-022 = PGC 48408 and IC 916 has a similar offset 1' too far NW, so the identification is nearly certain.

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IC 910 = MCG +04-32-025 = CGCG 131-024 NED01 = WAS 79 = WBL 463-001 = PGC 48424

13 41 07.9 +23 16 55; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 120°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, 20"x15", very small bright nucleus. Located 1.7' SSE of a mag 10.5 star. Third in a group of 7 IC galaxies (WBL 463) with IC 911 4.5' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 910 = J. 1-251 in a group on 16 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 911 = UGC 8665 NED01 = MCG +04-32-027 = CGCG 131-026 NED01 = Holm 534b = PGC 48448

13 41 25.4 +23 14 51; Boo

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 99°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, ~20"x16". Forms a close pair with IC 912 0.8' E. Fourth in a group (WBL 463) of 7 IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 911 = J. 1-252 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 912 = UGC 8665 NED02 = MCG +04-32-028 = CGCG 131-026 NED02 = Holm 534A = PGC 48449

13 41 28.9 +23 14 44; Boo

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 100°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Forms a close pair with IC 911 0.8' W. Fifth in a group (WBL 463) of 7 IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 912 = J. 1-253 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 913 = UGC 8664 = MCG +04-32-029 = CGCG 131-025 = WBL 463-002 = PGC 48458

13 41 29.7 +23 10 01; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 63°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 5:4 WSW-ENE, 25"x20", very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 914 2.9' NE. Sixth in a group (WBL 463) of 7 IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 913 = J. 1-254 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 914 = MCG +04-32-030 = CGCG 131-027 = WBL 463-004 = PGC 48475

13 41 40.6 +23 11 21; Boo

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 165°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, very small brighter core, 25"x20". Forms a pair with IC 913 2.9' SW. 7th in a group (WBL 463) of similar IC galaxies at a redshift based distance of ~440 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 914 = J. 1-255 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 916 = MCG +04-32-031 = CGCG 131-028 = PGC 48564

13 42 38.1 +24 27 54; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, at most 20" diameter. Pretty similar IC 909 lies 24' W.

Truman Safford discovered IC 916 = Sf. 27, along with IC 909, on 6 Jun 1866. His position is 1' NW of CGCG 131-028 = PGC 48564.

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IC 918 = LEDA 2505332= 2MASX J13423764+5531467

13 42 37.8 +55 31 46; UMa

V = 16.0; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 102°

48" (5/9/18): fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.5'x0.1', even surface brightness. This is a relatively large member of AGC 1783 with CGCG 271-059 (= IC 919?) 1.5' ESE and LEDA 2505734 0.9' NW. The latter galaxy was extremely faint and small (V = 17.2), ~6" diameter and required averted to glimpse.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 918 around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Burnham originally noticed a group of small and faint nebulae and Barnard estimated the positions (given in AN 2998) adding several discoveries (not specified), bringing the total to 18. Harold Corwin suggests IC 918 may be LEDA 2505734 (4' SSW of Barnard's position and forming a pair with IC 919 = CGCG 271-059), although Wolfgang Steinicke identifies IC 918 as a pair of very faint stars.

Edwin Hubble found LEDA 2505734 from a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was catalogued as #36 in Field IV, which included the IC 919 cluster. Francis Pease also recorded it on plates taken with the 60-inch at Mt Wilson in 1919 and reported it in his 1920 publication as "B, 20"x8", p.a. 100°, gradually brighter in the middle."

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IC 919 = CGCG 271-059 = CGCG 272-004 = PGC 48570

13 42 47.5 +55 31 17; UMa

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 25°

48" (5 /9/18): bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~18" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms a very close pair with LEDA 2505000 = 2MASX J13424588+5531077, just 18" SW. The companion was very faint, extremely small, round ~6" diameter. IC 918 = LEDA 2505332 is 1.5' WNW.

The close pair are on the southwest side of AGC 1783 in a group of 18 ICs discovered visually with the 36" Lick refractor, though lie in the foreground at 460 million l.y.

24" (6/21/20): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 919 around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Burnham originally noticed a group of small and faint nebulae and Barnard estimated the positions (given in AN 2998) adding several discoveries (not specified), bringing the total to 18. IC 919 is the only object Barnard described as "considerably bright", all others are "faint" or "very faint". Harold Corwin suggests IC 919 may be CGCG 271-059 = PGC 48570 (4' due south of Barnard's position), although Wolfgang Steinicke identifies IC 919 as LEDA 2507977, which is only 1.3' NNE of Barnard's position.

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IC 921 = LEDA 2509643 = 2MASX J13430804+5539043

13 43 08.0 +55 39 04; UMa

V = 16.5; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 103°

48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 12" diameter, even surface brightness. This member of AGC 1783 is situated 2.6' WNW of mag 9.9 HD 238276.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 921 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke identify IC 921 with LEDA 2509643, situated 1' S of Barnard's position. There are no other nearby candidates in the cluster, so this identification is very reasonable though not certain due to several poor positions in the group. Edwin Hubble studied this group in his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). He noted this galaxy (listed as #41) was "very probably" IC 921 and based on plates taken with the Mt. Wilson 60-inch in 1919, Pease described it as "MB, 8"x4", p.a. 135°, little brighter in the middle." See IC 917 for more.

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IC 922 = LEDA 2507977 = 2MASX J13425640+5536137

13 42 56.4 +55 36 14; UMa

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 120°

48" (5 /9/18): fairly bright, fairly small, round, ~20" diameter, gradually increases to the center. This galaxy is one of the brighter members of AGC 1783 at a light-travel age of ~920 million years. IC 923 lies 2.5' E.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 922 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 922 with LEDA 2507977, situated 18 seconds of RA west (2.6' W) of Barnard's position. This is the brightest galaxy in the immediate area. But Francis Pease, in his 1920 publication on nebulae found on Mt. Wilson 60-inch plates, as well as Wolfgang Steinicke, identified IC 922 with LEDA 3483133, situated 2.5' due east. LEDA 3483133 is just 0.5' S of Barnard's position, and Pease considered this number as one of only 3 in the group with solid identifications. But without knowing the general accuracy of his position, either identification is possible. See IC 917 for more.

Edwin Hubble catalogued this galaxy based on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#40), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. The field was mentioned by William Denning in his book "Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings": Mr. Barnard recently stated that with the powers of the great 36 inch refractor the number of known nebulae (more than 8000) might readily be doubled! As an example of their plentiful distribution in certain regions it may be mentioned that Mr. Burnham very recently discovered eighteen new nebulae in a small area of 16' by 5'.5 near the position in R.A. 13h 38m, Dec. +56° 20'. Near the pole of the northern heavens there exist many unrecorded nebulae, as this region does not appear to have been thoroughly examined with a large instrument.

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IC 923 = LEDA 3483133 = 2MASX J13431420+5536113

13 43 14.2 +55 36 11; UMa

V = 15.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'

48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 15" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. This member of AGC 1783 is located 2.6' SW of mag 10.0 HD 238276. IC 925 lies 0.8' NNE and IC 922 is 2.5' W.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 923 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 923 with LEDA 3483133, situated 1' SSW of Barnard's position. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies LEDA 3483133 as IC 922 and labels LEDA 2508355 (very close to Barnard's position) as IC 923. Hubble, in his 1917 PhD thesis on "Photographic investigations of faint nebulae", stated LEDA 3483133 (#43 in his table) was "very probably" IC 925. Due to Barnard's generally poor positions in the cluster, the identification is uncertain. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 925 = LEDA 2508355 = 2MASX J13431609+5536563

13 43 16.1 +55 36 57; UMa

V = 16.4; Size 0.5'x0.1'; PA = 106°

48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, thin edge-on ~20"x5", low surface brightness. Located 1.9' SW of mag 10.0 HD 238276 in AGC 1783. 2MASX J13431420+5536113 (= IC 923?) lies 0.8' SSW and IC 922 is 2.9' WSW. LEDA 2508607, just 0.5' NW, was extremely faint and small [V = 17.2], ~4" diameter.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 925 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 925 with LEDA 2508355, situated 1.1' NW of Barnard's position. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies SDSS J134319.69+553551.4 as IC 925 but this galaxy appears to faint to me (B = 18.8) to have been picked up, even in the 36". Due to general poor positions in the cluster, the identification is uncertain. See IC 917 for more.

Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2508355 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#44), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. Based on plates taken with the Mt. Wilson 60-inch in 1919, Pease described it as "MB, 20" x 5", p.a. 100°, spindle, gradually brighter in the middle."

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IC 926 = LEDA 3483166 = 2MASX J13433923+5537534

13 43 39.3 +55 37 53; UMa

V = 16.7; Size 0.3'x0.1'; PA = 94°

48" (5 /9/18): faint, small, round, ~8" diameter. Situated in a clump of 7 galaxies in the core of AGC 1783 with LEDA 2509027 (= IC 929?) 50" E. A mag 13.5 star is 0.5' NE.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 926 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke identify IC 926 with 2MASX J13433923+5537534, situated 1.4' SE of Barnard's position. There are a number of other nearby galaxies, but they are further east and assuming Barnard's RA order is correct, this identification is very reasonable, though not certain. In fact this galaxy is only 45" NW of Barnard's position for IC 928, and Francis Pease labeled it IC 928 in his 1920 nebulae observations based on 60" plates at Mt. Wilson. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 928 = LEDA 2506714 = 2MASX J13434806+5534044

13 43 48.0 +55 34 04; UMa

V = 16.6; Size 0.3'x0.2'

48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness. This member of AGC 1783 is situated 2.2' E of a mag 10.9 star and less than 5' S of the core of the cluster.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 928 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 928 with LEDA 2506714, situated 3.2' SSE of Barnard's position. There are several other slightly fainter galaxies near this galaxy and the positional discrepancy is relatively large, so this identification is very uncertain. In fact, Francis Pease identified 2MASX J13433923+5537534 as IC 928 (Corwin labels this galaxy as IC 926) based on plates taken with Mt Wilson 60" in 1919 (published in 1920). Steinicke identifies LEDA 2509027 (only 0.9' NE of Barnard's position) as IC 928, but Corwin labels this galaxy as IC 929! See IC 917 for more.

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IC 929 = LEDA 2509027 = 2MASX J13434501+5538014

13 43 45.0 +55 38 02; UMa

V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 0°

48" (5 /9/18): moderately bright, small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus. LEDA 2506714 (assigned to IC 928 by Harold Corwin) is the brightest of 7 galaxies in the core of AGC 1783. IC 926 is 50" W, IC 931 is 50" SE and IC 930 is 45" N! A mag 13.5 star is 0.5' NW.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 929 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 929 with LEDA 2509027, situated 1.2' SSE of Barnard's position. Steinicke identifies 2MASXJ13434549+5538474 (only 30" SE of Barnard's position) as IC 929, but Corwin labels this galaxy as IC 930! Due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are uncertain. See IC 917 for more.

Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2509027 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#48), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. The group was also photographed with the Mt Wilson 60" in 1919 and Francis Pease identified LEDA 2509027 as IC 931 in his 1920 paper. Barnard's position for IC 931 is 1' to the SE. So, quite a confusing mess of identifications!

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IC 930 = LEDA 3483172 = 2MASX J13434549+5538474

13 43 45.5 +55 38 47; UMa

V = 16.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 99°

48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter, even surface brightness. Located in the core of AGC 1783 with 6 other members with a 1.5' radius!! The closest two are LEDA 2509027 (= IC 929?) 45" S and LEDA 2509480 (= IC 932?) 50" E. Situated 3' WNW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which detracts from viewing the fainter cluster members. A mag 13.5 star is 0.5' NW.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 930 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 930 with LEDA 2509027, situated 2.0' S of Barnard's position. Steinicke identifies 2MASX J13435235+5539243 as IC 930, but Corwin labels this galaxy as IC 936. Due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are uncertain. See IC 917 for more.

Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 3483172 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#49), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation.

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IC 931 = LEDA 2508641 = 2MASX J13434914+5537264

13 43 49.2 +55 37 26; UMa

V = 16.8; Size 0.2'x0.1'; PA = 63°

48" (5 /9/18): faint, extremely small, round, 6"-8" diameter. Located in the core of AGC 1783 2.5' WSW of mag 7.2 HD 119821. LEDA 2509027 (= IC 929) lies 51" NW.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 931 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 931 with LEDA 2508641, which is a close match with Barnard's position. Although this identification appears secure at first glance, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identification is still uncertain (may be a positional coincidence). The group was photographed with the Mt Wilson 60" in 1919 (as well as Hubble for his PhD thesis) and Francis Pease identified LEDA 2509027 as IC 931. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 932 = LEDA 2509480 = 2MASX J13435116+5538483

13 43 51.2 +55 38 48; UMa

Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 63°

48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 12"x8". Located in the core of AGC 1783 with 2MASX J13434549+5538474 (= IC 930?) 0.8' W and 2MASX J13435235+5539243 (= IC 934?) 0.6' N. Situated just 2.2' WNW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which affected the observation.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 932 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 932 with LEDA 2509480, which is located only 40" NNE of Barnard's position. Although this identification appears secure at first glance, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identification is still uncertain (may be a positional coincidence). See IC 917 for more.

Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2509480 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#53), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation.

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IC 933 = UGC 8697 = MCG +08-05-013 = CGCG 131-035 = PGC 48760

13 45 16.2 +23 13 08; Boo

V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 152°

14.5" (7/11/21): at 182x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~5:4, at most 40" diameter, very small (round) brighter core. A faint star is superimposed close to the N edge. Bracketed by a mag 9.8 star 5' WSW (part of a wide triple) and a wide pair of mag 11.7/12 stars 5' NNE.

CGCG 131-34, 9' S, was very faint, small, elongated ~2:1 WSW-ESE, ~0.4'x0.2'. Nearly attached to a mag 14 star just off the N edge.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 933 = J. 1-257 on 22 May 1878. His uncorrected position was 3.5' too far ESE, nearly identical to the next object observed (UGC 8705). Stephan never published the discovery, so it didn't receive a NGC designation.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 933 on 16 Jun 1892 and reported it in his first discovery paper (#257). He was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 934 = LEDA 3483181 = 2MASX J13435235+5539243

13 43 52.4 +55 39 25; UMa

V = 16.7; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 174°

48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 10" diameter. Located in the core of AGC 1783 just 2.3' NW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which is a distraction. Pretty similar IC 932 is 38" S and IC 930 is 1.2' SW.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 934 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 934 with 2MASX J13435235+5539243, which is located 2.6' NW of Barnard's position -- a large discrepancy. Steinicke chooses SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934, although this galaxy is very close to mag 7.25 HD 119821 and would probably not be seen in the glare of the star. In any case due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the specific assignment of IC 934 is somewhat arbitrary. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 935 = LEDA 3483194 = SDSS J134402.89+553859.0

13 44 02.9 +55 38 59; UMa

Size 0.4'x0.1'; PA = 84°

48" (5 /9/18): very faint, very small, round, ~8" diameter. Can almost hold continuously with averted vision once noticed. The problem is this galaxy is situated just under 1' NW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which strongly hinders viewing. A tight group of 7 galaxies in the core of AGC 1783 is just a couple of arcminutes west. Two mag 12.5 and 11.6 stars are collinear with the bright star, 0.9' E and 1.7' E.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 935 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 935 with SDSS J134402.89+553859.0, which is located 2.8' N of Barnard's position and just 1' NW of mag 7.25 HD 119821! The bright star is not mentioned in Barnard's description, which is odd as it affected the view using the 48-inch. Steinicke labels SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934 = IC 936 and identifies IC 935 as a star. In any case, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are very uncertain and just intelligent guesswork. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 936 = LEDA 2511548

13 44 08.6 +55 42 22; UMa

V = 16.7; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 93°

48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~12"x8", even surface brightness. Located 4.3' N of mag 7.2 HD 119821 in AGC 1783. A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' W.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 936 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 935 with LEDA 2511548, which is located 5' N of Barnard's position, so a poor positional match. Steinicke labels SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934 = IC 936. In any case, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are very uncertain and just intelligent guesswork. See IC 917 for more.

Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2511548 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#59), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation.

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IC 937 = LEDA 3483224 = 2MASX J13442896+5537482

13 44 28.9 +55 37 49; UMa

V = 17.3; Size 0.4'x0.4'

48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Forms a close pair with IC 938 just 0.4' SE in the core of AGC 1783. This galaxy is situated 3.2' E of mag 7.2 HD 119821, beyond two mag 11.6 and 12.5 stars that line up to the east of the bright star.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 937 along with IC 938 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 937 with 2MASX J13442896+5537482, which is located just 1' S of Barnard's position. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 938 = LEDA 3483228 = 2MASX J13443120+5537382

13 44 31.3 +55 37 39; UMa

V = 15.9; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 156°

48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.3'x0.1', small bright core. Forms a close pair with IC 937 just 0.4' NW in the core of AGC 1783.

E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 938 along with IC 937 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 938 with LEDA 3483228, which is situated just 30" NW of Barnard's position. Edwin Hubble, in the 1920 published version of his 1917 PhD thesis ("Photographic investigations of faint nebulae"), also stated this galaxy (#62 in his table) is "very probably" IC 938. See IC 917 for more.

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IC 939 = MCG +01-35-036 = CGCG 045-103 = WBL 468-002 = PGC 48914

13 47 43.1 +03 24 41; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x1.0'

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; pretty bright, round, 45" diameter, small brighter core. Forms a pair with much fainter IC 940 4' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 939 = J. 1-258, along with IC 940, on 3 Jun 1891.

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IC 940 = CGCG 045-104 = WBL 468-003 = PGC 48933

13 47 57.7 +03 26 59; Vir

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 123°

24" (5/25/22): at 225x; extremely faint, roundish, very small, ~0.3' diameter. With averted appears elongated NW-SE, 0.3'x0.2'. Forms a pair with much brighter IC 939 4' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 940 = J. 1-259, along with IC 939, on 3 Jun 1891.

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IC 942 = MCG +10-20-031 = CGCG 295-013 = PGC 48903

13 47 41.1 +56 37 18; UMa

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 96°

24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~25"x20", broad weak concentration. Forms the southern vertex of a triangle with an isosceles triangle with a mag 11 star 6' NNE and a mag 10.7 star 7' NW.

UGC 8704, located 17' W, appeared moderately bright, very elongated ~7:2 WSW-ENE, very bright elongated core, ~0.7'x0.2'. Moderately high surface brightness and brighter than IC 942!

Lewis Swift discovered IC 942 = Sw. 7-34 on 17 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; pS; R." His position is accurate. Catalogued as CGCG 295-013, but not identified as IC 942.

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IC 944 = UGC 8766 = MCG +02-35-019 = CGCG 073-085 = Holm 549a = WBL 470-001 = PGC 49204

13 51 30.9 +14 05 32; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x0.5'; PA = 107°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~1.2'x0.4', well concentrated with a relatively large brighter core (oval). The halo is very faint and sometimes needed averted for the full extent. Forms a 1.2' pair (NNE) with CGCG 073-086, which appeared very faint, roundish, 20" diameter, low surface brightness.

William Herschel made the original discovery of IC 944 and IC 946 on 19 Mar 1787 (sweep 720) and recorded "Suspected, very faint, very small, but doubtful." His position was 3' too far south, within his usual errors. Because of the uncertainty the pair wasn't catalogued. Wolfgang Steinicke mentioned these discoveries in a post to the amastro mailing list on 24 Aug 2013.

Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 944 = Sw. 7-36 = Sw. 8-76, along with IC 946 and 948, on 7 Apr 1888. He reported, "very faint; considerably elongated; pretty small; 3 bright stars near following." Swift found the trio again a year later on 20 Apr 1889 and included them in his 8th discovery list (#76, #77, #78). Dreyer combined his two observations into IC 944.

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IC 945 = UGC 8732 = MCG +12-13-010 = CGCG 336-018 = PGC 48867

13 47 07.8 +72 04 13; UMi

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 118°

24" (6/30/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad concentration but no distinct nucleus. A mag 15.5-15.8 star is close off the S end, 30" from center. CGCG 336-019 (identified as IC 945 in CGCG and PGC) lies 3.4' SE. Located 10' WSW of mag 8.3 HD 120931.

CGCG 336-019 appeared faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", diffuse, low and nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14.4 star is 1.5' N.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~30" diameter, broad weak concentration to a slightly brighter core.

CGCG 336-015, located 25' NW, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 5.7' WSW of a mag 9.8 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 945 = Sw. 7-35 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; R; coarse D * nf points to it; np of 2 [with IC 954]" His position is just off the north edge of CGCG 336-019 = PGC 48940, which is identified as IC 945 in the CGCG and PGC. But Harold Corwin proposes IC 945 is more likely CGCG 336-018 = PGC 48867, a much brighter galaxy 3' WNW of his position. My observation confirms it appears significantly more prominent in the eyepiece.

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IC 946 = UGC 8772 = MCG +02-35-021 = CGCG 073-089 = WBL 470-004 = PGC 49244

13 52 08.4 +14 06 58; Boo

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 105°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 6' NNE of mag 8.1 HD 120877 in the small group WBL 470 with IC 948 4.7' ESE and IC 944 9' WSW. A mag 11.5 star is 1.2' SE.

William Herschel made the original discovery of IC 946 and IC 946 on 19 Mar 1787 (sweep 720) and recorded "Suspected, very faint, very small, but doubtful." His derived position was 1.5' too far south and the identity is certain. But due to his doubt the pair wasn't catalogued.

Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 946 = Sw. 7-37 = Sw. 8-77, along with IC 944 and 948, on 7 Apr 1888. He reported, "extremely failnt; very small; round; ; vS; R; p close * following." Swift found the trio again a year later on 20 Apr 1889 and included them in his 8th discovery list (#76, #77, #78). Dreyer combined the two observations into IC 946.

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IC 947 = UGC 8784 = MCG +00-35-023 = CGCG 017-085 = PGC 49287

13 52 35.9 +00 49 06; Vir

V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 63°

24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; easily visible though situated just 45" SW of mag 8.0 HD 120967! It was between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 2:1 SW-NE (in direction of the star), ~40"x20", sharply concentrated with a round, very bright core, low surface brightness oval halo.

LEDA 214176, situated 2.3' ESE, is just south of the midpoint of mag 8.0 HD 12096 (2' to its NW) and mag 9.5 HD 120981 to its SE. It appeared extremely faint and small, round, 6" diameter, but was not too difficult to see with averted vision despite the nearby bright stars.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 947 = J. 2-774 on 8 Jun 1893. His description ("pB, 15" diameter, R, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus = 12m") makes no mention of the attached bright star, though it was used as the offset star.

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IC 948 = UGC 8779 = MCG +02-35-023 = CGCG 073-092 = WBL 470-007 = PGC 49281

13 52 26.7 +14 05 29; Boo

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.65'; PA = 151°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint or moderately bright, oval 3:2 or 5:3 NW-SE, 40"x24", strong sharp concentration with a small bright core and stellar nucleus, the halo is faint. Member of the WBL 470 group with IC 946 4.7' WNW. A mag 8.1 star is 8' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 948 = Sw. 7-38 = Sw. 8-78 on 7 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; 3 others suspected." He found the trio again a year later and reported them as new in his 8th discovery list. Althugh William Herschel made an observation of IC 944 and 946 (uncatalogued) he missed IC 948 as it was probably just outside his field of view in the sweep.

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IC 950 = UGC 8780 = MCG +03-35-032 = CGCG 102-073 = PGC 49280

13 52 26.2 +14 29 23; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'

24" (6/30/22): at 375x; this nearly merged pair (separation 19" between centers) was resolved. The much brighter galaxy on the NE side was fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Barely off its SW end was a very faint glow ~10" diameter, though sometimes the duo appeared contiguous. The IC 950 pair forms a right angle with a mag 12 star 1' E and a mag 12.5 star 1' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 950 = J. 1-262 on 24 May 1892. This is a double system, so either it appeared unresolved to Javelle or he only noticed the brighter, eastern galaxy.

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IC 951 = UGC 8775 = MCG +09-23-012 = CGCG 272-011 = PGC 49215

13 51 47.2 +50 58 42; UMa

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6

24" (6/30/19): at 200x; moderately bright and moderately large, irregularly round, 50" diameter, slightly brighter core, hint of spiral structure in halo. At 322x, the brighter core/nucleus was more evident and the halo displayed slightly more structure but no clear spiral arms.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregularly round, at least 45" diameter, very weak concentration. Chameleon-like appearance; shifts shape with averted vision and sometimes slightly brighter regions appear, like arcs of spiral arms. Located 10' S of mag 8.7 HD 121047.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 951 = Sw. 7-40 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; coarse D[ouble] * nr sp." His position is 2.5' SSE of UGC 8775 and his "coarse double star" is probably a wide pair 4' SSW.

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IC 952 = UGC 8808 = MCG +01-35-049 = CGCG 045-133 = PGC 49373

13 53 41.9 +03 22 39; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, very elongated ~3:1 E-W, 0.9'x0.3', low nearly even surface brightness, dims at tips. A faint mag 15 star near the east end on the south side. Two mag 13 stars, 1' NNW and 2.5' NNW, are aligned with the center of the galaxy, and another mag 13 star is 2.7' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 952 = J. 1-263 on 3 Jun 1891. His description matches ("faint, elongated in the direction of diurnal motion [E-W]. We see a small star in the nebulosity, very close to the edge"), though his declination was 1.5' too far south.

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IC 954 = UGC 8765 = MCG +12-13-018 = CGCG 336-024 = VII Zw 527 = PGC 49083

13 49 56.9 +71 09 52; UMi

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 91°

24" (6/30/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, small brighter core, ~0.5'x0.4'. A mag 15.7 star is 0.7' NE.

CGCG 336-031, located 23' ENE, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.4'x0.25', very small brighter core, stellar nucleus.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; at least fairly faint and nearly moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, strong concentration with a small bright core that increases to the center. Located 1° E of mag 5.5 HD 118904.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 954 = Sw. 7-39 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "eeF; S; R; B * f little south; sf of 2 [with IC 945]." His position is relatively accurate - 0.9' too far north.

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IC 958 = NGC 5360 = UGC 8838 = MCG +01-36-001 = CGCG 046-003 = Holm 557b = PGC 49513

13 55 38.8 +04 59 05; Vir

V = 13.3; Size 2.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 70°

See observing notes for NGC 5360. Identification uncertain and probably should be classified as not found.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 958 = Sw. 9-39 on 19 Apr 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; iR; seen only by glimpses." His position is 3.5' NE of NGC 5360 and this is the favored identification by Harold Corwin. But there are two question marks about this identification; there is no mention of brighter NGC 5364 8' ENE, which would have been in the same field. Also his description implies a marginally visible object while NGC 5360 should have been more evident to Swift. Yann Pothier suggests CGCG 046-033 = PGC 49845 could be Swift's object. This would imply a 5.5 minute error in RA. His argument is this galaxy is fainter than NGC 5360 (and more appropriate to be called "eeeF") and is isolated as opposed to NGC 5360. As an alternative, Yann suggests a faint double star 22 seconds of RA due west of Swift's position. So, this identification has plenty of uncertainty.

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IC 959 = UGC 8848 = MCG +02-36-001 = CGCG 074-007 = PGC 49540

13 56 03.4 +13 30 21; Boo

V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 0°

24" (6/30/19): at 375x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 N-S, 45"x30", small bright core. A mag 12.4 star is 3.3' E and a 1' pair of mag 11/12.3 stars is 4.5' NE. Located 33' S of mag 6.2 HD 121560.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 959 = Sw. 8-79 on 20 Apr 1889 and reported "eeF; S; R." His position was just off the northeast edge of UGC 8848 and there are no other nearby brighter galaxies that he might have found instead.

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IC 960 = UGC 8849 = VV 335 = MCG +03-36-003 = MCG -02-27-004 = CGCG 103-013 = PGC 49535 = PGC 49536 = LEDA 3167744

13 55 59.6 +17 30 21; Boo

Size 1.5'x0.8'

24" (7/1/16): at 375x; IC 960 = VV 335 is an interacting pair with a separation of 0.8' SSW-NNE. The brighter NNE component (VV 335a) is faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3', low surface brightness. The SSW galaxy (VV 335b) is extremely faint/very faint, small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness. On the SDSS this is a disrupted system (possibly a merged pair) with tidal tails that were not detected.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 960 = J. 1-265 on 17 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "faint, diffuse, rather extended with a little bit of condensation." According to Harold Corwin, his recomputed position corresponds with the northern (brighter) nucleus.

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IC 962 = UGC 8868 = MCG +02-36-003 = CGCG 074-015 = KTG 51A = PGC 49626

13 57 13.2 +12 01 17; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7

24" (5/11/13): fairly bright, fairly small, round, 24", small bright nucleus, high surface brightness. First in the KTG 51 triplet with CGCG 74-14 1.4' S and CGCG 74-16 3.1' SE. Located 8.7' NW of mag 7.7 HD 121845.

CGCG 74-14 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.4'x0.25', sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus and a diffuse halo. CGCG 74-16 lies 1.8' SE and appeared faint to fairly faint, small, round, weak concentration, 18" diameter, small slightly brighter core.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 962 = Sw. 8-80 on 7 Apr 1889 and logged "pF, vS, R, bM." He apparently missed the two fainter galaxies just south.

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IC 964 = MCG +03-36-010 = CGCG 103-024 = Ark 433 = WBL 480-002 = PGC 49661

13 57 41.3 +17 30 31; Boo

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (7/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Brighter of a pair with IC 965 1.5' E. Part of a group (WBL 480) at a distance of 300 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 964 = J. 1-268, along with IC 965, on 23 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "extremely faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, uniformly faint." His position is accurate.

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IC 965 = MCG +03-36-011 = CGCG 103-026 = WBL 480-003 = PGC 49667

13 57 47.5 +17 30 38; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 64°

24" (7/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, high surface brightness, 12"-15" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 964 1.5' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 965 = J. 1-269, along with IC 964, on 23 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, with a very small nucleus." His position is accurate.

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IC 966 = UGC 8884 = MCG +01-36-006 = CGCG 046-021 = PGC 49704

13 58 14.0 +05 24 30; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.75'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 155°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, fairly even surface brightness with very slightly brighter core. A mag 15 star is 1' N and a mag 12 star is 2' N. UGC 8906 lies 19' ENE. IC 966 is located 33' ENE of NGC 5363.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 966 = J. 2-775 on 5 Jun 1893. His position is just off the south edge of the galaxy.

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IC 968 = CGCG 018-019 = MCG +00-36-007 = PGC 4986 = PGC 1080186

14 00 37.2 -02 54 27; Vir

V = 14.7/15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'

48" (5/16/12): this pair is at the south end of a chain of 6 galaxies with dominant member NGC 5400 3' N. At 488x the western component (MCG +00-36-007 = PGC 49866 at V = 14.7) appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 24"x16", small bright core. The eastern component (LEDA 1080186 at V = 15.0), just 22" NE, appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 18"x14', small bright core.

18" (6/30/11): this small double system lies 3' S of NGC 5400, a cD galaxy in the center of the poor group MKW 5. At 285x appeared as a very faint, very small pair oriented SW-NE, each ~10" diameter and virtually tangent. The NE component appeared slightly brighter. A mag 11 star lies 3.2' WSW.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 968 = Big. 181 on 6 May 1888. His position is off by 2' in declination due to an error in the position of the offset star. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan has two measurements and his position is closer to the brighter member of the pair.

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IC 970 = UGC 8949 = MCG +03-36-028 = CGCG 103-049 = PGC 50010

14 02 34.2 +14 33 09; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.35'; PA = 53°

24" (6/30/19): at 375x; relatively bright, edge-on 5:1 SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a strong bright core. A linear, equally spaced trio of stars (two of 12th mag) lies ~3' E.

IC 970 forms a close pair with CGCG 103-048 just 1.1' SSE. The companion appeared very faint, small, ~15" diameter. With careful viewing it appeared elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~25"x15".

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 970 = J. 1-271 on 24 May 1892. His position is 1' too far south and actually lands on CGCG 103-048, a fainter companion 1.1' SSE. Either he made a 1' clerical error in recording the dec offset or perhaps measured the position of the southern companion? But I don't see how he could have missed the much brighter northern galaxy (UGC 8949).

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IC 971 = MCG -02-36-005 = PGC 50120

14 03 52.8 -10 08 26; Vir

V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.8

24" (6/15/15): at 260x; moderately bright and large, slightly elongated ~N-S, broad weak concentration. Brightest in a group including IC 4358 4.6' WSW, IC 4634 11' NE and MCG -02-36-011 11.5' SE.

MCG -02-36-011 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.5' [core region], small bright nucleus. Occasionally extremely faint extensions were seen north and south.

Truman Safford discovered IC 971 = Sf. 105 on 20 May 1868 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. In a note in 1905 "Ein schoner Spiralnebel" ("A Beautiful Spiral Nebula"), Max Wolf described IC 971 as a "rare pure S-shape spiral with a mag 14 core." (AN 168, 75). It was also recorded on an Arequipa plate taken in 1899 and described by DeLisle Stewart as "very faint, very small, 2-branch spiral."

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IC 972 = Abell 37 = PK 326+42.1 = PN G326.7+42.2

14 04 25.9 -17 13 41; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 43"x40"

48" (5/1/22): at 375x with a NPB filter; bright, round, even surface brightness, 40" diameter. Removing the filter, the faint central star (V ~16.5) was visible.

18" (6/11/07): picked up unfiltered at 115x as a fairly small, round disc of ~40" diameter with no additional structure. Good contrast gain with the OIII filter and appears as a moderately bright, crisp-edged disc with an even surface brightness.

17.5" (5/11/96): faint but easily picked up at 100x without filter as a moderately large, round disc less than 1' diameter. Nicely enhanced with OIII filter and appears moderately bright, crisp-edged and slightly elongated N-S, 45"x40". Also nice view at 100x with UHC filter. Located 6.7' S of mag 9.4 SAO 158326.

13.1" (4/10/86): at 79x and OIII filter appears fairly faint, fairly small, round, with an even surface brightness and sharp edges. Faint but visible without filter. Easily takes 166x with a UHC filter. No central star seen with or without a filter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 972 = J. 1-272 on 25 May 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. Although the IC position is accurate, Abell assumed it was new and included it as #37 in his list of new planetary nebulae found by inspection of the POSS. So, IC 972 = Abell 37.

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IC 976 = UGC 9040 = MCG +00-36-020 = CGCG 018-059 = UM 639 = LGG 377-004 = PGC 50479

14 08 43.3 -01 09 42; Vir

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.6'; PA = 174°

24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", sharply concentrated with a bright, very small nucleus and stellar peak. Located 11' SE of mag 8.0 HD 123509. Member of the NGC 5496 group (LGG 377), which is located 43' E. Viewed at a low elevation in fairly poor transparency.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 976 = Sw. 7-41 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; vS; R; eF * attached s[outh]." His position is 1.4' NW of the center of UGC 9040 but there isn't a star attached to its south side. I noticed that if Swift's made a 3 minute error in RA, his position is a similar distance north of NGC 5496. A faint star is attached to NGC 5496 but it's on the north side instead.

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IC 979 = UGC 9053 = MCG +03-36-061 = CGCG 103-090 = PGC 50530

14 09 32.4 +14 49 55; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.65'; PA = 172°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.4', brighter core increases a little to the center. A mag 11.6 star is 2' NE. UGC 9055, located 5' NE, appeared faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. UGC 9055 lies 4' NE. A mag 11.6 star is 2.3' NE, roughly at the midpoint to UGC 9055.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 979 = Sw. 10-25 on 3 May 1891 and reported "eeF; pS; R; e diff." His RA is 15 seconds of time too small. There are a couple of other galaxies in the vicinity, but they are fainter so less likely to have been picked up by Swift.

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IC 982 = Arp 117 NED1 = UGC 9059 = MCG +03-36-066 = CGCG 103-096 = WBL 493-004 = LGG 376-002 = PGC 50560

14 09 59.1 +17 41 46; Boo

V = 13.0; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9

18" (5/3/08): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak concentration, 35" diameter. Forms the SW member of an Arp pair with IC 983 2.5' NNE. Located 2.7' SW of a mag 9 star that detracts from viewing. NGC 5490 lies 9' S and other fainter galaxies are in the field (see notes for NGC 5490).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 982 = J. 1-274, along with IC 983, on 27 May 1891.

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IC 983 = Arp 117 NED2 = UGC 9061 = MCG +03-36-068 = CGCG 103-098 = WBL 493-006 = PGC 50577

14 10 04.3 +17 44 01; Boo

V = 11.7; Size 5.4'x4.7'; Surf Br = 15.1; PA = 120°

18" (5/3/08): moderately bright but fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~25"x20", weak concentration to a very faint stellar nucleus. Located 1.5' NW of mag 9 HD 123930. The bright star overwhelms a much larger fainter halo that was not seen. Forms a close interacting pair (Arp 117) with IC 982 2.5' SW. NGC 5490C = Arp 79 lies 7' S and bright NGC 5490 is 11' S. Arp 79 is very faint, fairly small, 25" diameter, irregularly round, low even surface brightness.

17.5" (5/23/98): not seen initially as I was looking for a large object, but at 280x I picked up a small 20" glow just 1.5' NW of mag 8.6 SAO 100889. This was the small core -- the large, low surface brightness halo was overpowered by the nearby bright star. I started to look for nearby IC 982 2.6' SW but the skies began to cloud over and observing was cut short.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 983 = J. 1-275, along with IC 982, on 27 May 1891 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 984 = UGC 9062 = MCG +03-36-070 = CGCG 103-099 = Holm 596a = PGC 50580

14 10 07.7 +18 21 53; Boo

V = 13.6; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°

17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.3', smooth surface brightness. Located 1.5° SE of Arcturus!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 984 = J. 1-276 on 27 May 1891. CGCG misidentified CGCG 103-094 as IC 984, instead of CGCG 103-099.

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IC 986 = MCG +00-36-025 = CGCG 018-073 = PGC 50662

14 11 26.2 +01 17 11; Vir

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7

17.5" (5/11/02): faint, very small, round, 0.4' diameter, compact appearance. Located 4.7' SSW of mag 6.4 SAO 120334 and 13' W of NGC 5501.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 986 = J. 2-781 on 8 Jun 1893.

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IC 988 = MCG +01-36-026 = CGCG 046-071 = WBL 496-002 = PGC 50873

14 14 32.1 +03 11 25; Vir

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 41°

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". A pair of mag 14.6/14.8 stars lie 1.3' N and a mag 14.9 star is 1' S. IC 989 is 6' SE. Located 10' SSW of mag 6.4 HD 124681.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 988 = J. 1-277, along with IC 989, on 28 May 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 989 = UGC 9114 = MCG +01-36-027 = CGCG 046-072 = WBL 496-003 = PGC 50891

14 14 51.3 +03 07 51; Vir

V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, 0.6' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 12' S of mag 6.4 HD 124681 and 7' W of STF 1819 (7.7/7.9 at 0.9"). Brightest in a group (WBL 496) with IC 988 6' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 989 = J. 1-278, along with IC 988, on 28 May 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 993 = MCG +02-36-063 = CGCG 074-160 = CGCG 075-001 = Ark 446 = Holm 626B = PGC 51093

14 18 18.6 +11 12 59; Boo

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, diffuse with no nucleus. A mag 15.3 star is 35" W. At 375x I classified the galaxy as "extremely faint", but decreasing to 327x it was easier and I modified to "very faint".

IC 993 forms a close pair with brighter IC 994 1.6' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 993 = J. 1-281, along with IC 994, on 27 May 1891. His position off by 3' (too far NW), an unusually large error. His measured difference in IC 993 and 994 is correct (4 seconds), so this identification is still secure.

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IC 994 = UGC 9153 = MCG +02-36-064 = CGCG 074-161 = CGCG 075-002 = Holm 626A = PGC 51095

14 18 22.6 +11 11 42; Boo

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 13°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 N-S, ~40"x20", moderate surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 0.7' E of center and a pair of mag 14 stars is 3' E. Forms a pair with fainter IC 993 1.6' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 994 = J. 1-282, along with IC 993, on 27 May 1891. His RA is about 10 seconds of time too large.

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IC 995 = UGC 9145 = MCG +10-20-091 = CGCG 295-042 = PGC 50990

14 16 31.1 +57 48 36; UMa

V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 147°

24" (7/1/19): at 200x and 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, 50"x12", contains a brighter elongated core. Forms a similar pair with edge-on IC 996 13' SE.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 45"x15", brighter elongated core with a faint outer disc. IC 996, another edge-on with a similar position angle, lies 13' SE. NGC 5526, a third edge-on with the a similar orientation is 21' WSW!

Lewis Swift discovered IC 995 = Sw. 7-42 on 2 Jul 1888 and logged "eeF; S; lE; e diff. in vacancy; np of 2 [with IC 996]. His position is accurate.

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IC 996 = UGC 9152 = MCG +10-20-092 = CGCG 295-043 = KUG 1415+578 = PGC 51036

14 17 22.1 +57 37 47; UMa

V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.2'; PA = 155°

24" (7/1/19): at 200x and 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, very thin edge-on at least 6:1 NW-SE, 50"x8", only a slightly brighter elongated core. Forms a similar pair with edge-on IC 995 13' NW. Situated on a line with a mag 12 star 2' N and a mag 10.5 star 3.7' S.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.15', fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 10.6 star is 3.7' S and a mag 12.4 star is 2' N. In a small group with IC 995 13' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 996 = Sw. 7-43 on 3 Jul 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; vE; eee diff.; sf of 2 [with IC 995].

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IC 997 = MCG -01-37-001 = PGC 51220

14 19 59.3 -04 27 05; Vir

V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 23°

18" (6/18/04): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 or 5:3 ~N-S. Contains a small, brighter, roundish core and the extensions are a much lower surface brightness. A mag 14 star is just 0.8' N of center. A striking equilateral triangle of mag 11-12 stars is close northeast with the nearest star 1' N of center. IC 997 is an (unresolved) interacting pair with companion LEDA 1057935 and the brightest of a trio with IC 4401 9' WSW and IC 998 5' ENE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 997 = Sw. 10A-4 = Sw. 11-168, along with IC 998, on 16 May 1892. His description reads, "vF; S; R; * with distant companion near north; p of 2 [with IC 998]." Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list with a slightly modified position, possibly to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery.

Malcolm Thomson argues that IC 997 is identical to IC 4401 = PGC 51173 and IC 998 is PGC 51220, as these are the brightest two galaxies (of 4) in the region. But Harold Corwin feels the separations and descriptions are a better fit with IC 997 = PGC 51220 and IC 998 = LEDA 1058483 (the comment "* with distant companion near north" would apply to the two stars immediately north). See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thompson's identification notes for a full analysis.

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IC 998 = LEDA 1058483

14 20 19.3 -04 24 59; Vir

Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 60°

18" (6/18/04): faint, very small, round. The view is a bit confused by a very faint star which is close south (~20") so these objects could initially appear to be a faint, close double. The galaxy appeared only 10" or so in diameter. Barely visible with direct vision though only a faint stellar nucleus remained. Faintest of trio with IC 997 and IC 4401 and situated 5' ENE of IC 997.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 998 = Sw. 10A-5 = Sw. 11-169, along with IC 997, on 16 May 1892 (last two months at the Warner Observatory) and recorded "eeF; S; R; following of 2 [with IC 997]." This galaxy is the faintest of a quartet, but Swift's offset from IC 997 points directly to this galaxy. Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list, probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Herbert Howe took LEDA 1058483 as IC 998 when he observed the field carefully around 1900 and also discovered IC 4401. But Malcolm Thomson argues against this identification. See his detailed analysis in IC identifications. Also see Corwin's comments on IC 997/998.

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IC 999 = UGC 9168 = MCG +03-37-001 = CGCG 104-003 = PGC 51189

14 19 32.7 +17 52 31; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 144°

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 35"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a similar pair with IC 1000 2.2' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 999 = J. 1-283, along with IC 1000, on 23 Jun 1892. His position is off the east side of the galaxy (same error as IC 1000; likely due to an imprecise position for his offset star).

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IC 1000 = UGC 9170 = MCG +03-37-003 = CGCG 104-004 = PGC 51201

14 19 40.3 +17 51 17; Boo

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 23°

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 35"x12", slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a similar pair with IC 999 2.2' NW.

UGC 9171, a very low surface brightness superthin 3' ESE, popped occasionally as an extremely faint, small sliver NW-SE (probably only the brighter central part glimpsed).

CGCG 104-006, located 12' SE, appeared very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1000 = J. 1-284, along with IC 999, on 23 Jun 1892. His position is off the east side of the galaxy.

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IC 1005 = NGC 5607 = UGC 9189 = MCG +12-14-001 = CGCG 337-007 = Mrk 286 = VII Zw 547 = PGC 51182

14 19 26.7 +71 35 17; UMi

V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8

17.5" (7/10/99): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter, gradually increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus at moments with concentration. The galaxy is bracketed by two mag 13-14 stars 2.8' WSW and 2.2' ENE.

Lewis Swift found IC 1005 = Sw. 7-44 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "F; S; R; BM." There is nothing at his position but ~1.0 min of RA east is NGC 5607 and his description is appropriate. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1785. So, IC 1005 = NGC 5607. Most sources identify this galaxy was NGC 5607 only and ignore the IC designation.

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IC 1006 = MCG +04-34-023 = CGCG 133-045 = KUG 1420+240 = PGC 51378

14 22 59.1 +23 47 40; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 99°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, ~0.5'x0.4', low even surface brightness. A 33" pair of mag 10.3/11.9 stars is 8' ESE.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1006 = Sf. 15 on 14 May 1866. His position is 1.3' west of center and the identification is certain.

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IC 1008 = IC 4414 = CGCG 163-035 = MCG +05-34-027 = PGC 51414

14 23 42.7 +28 20 48; Boo

Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (5/31/22): IC 4414 = IC 1008 is a merged interacting pair with the nuclei separated by less than 15". At 327x, it appeared fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~30"-35" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. Increasing to 375x, I saw a small, but definite brightening at the NE end. This is the nucleus of the NE component (LEDA 87674).

Truman Safford discovered IC 1008 = Sf. 5 on 4 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin identifies IC 1008 as a duplicate of IC 4414, situated nearly 1.4 minutes of RA west of Safford's position. This large of an error in RA is not unusual in his lists (see IC 200, 1030 and 1026).

Malcolm Thomson suggests that PGC 51518 is IC 1008. This is also the identification given in MCG, PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD. Although closer to Safford's position than IC 4414, PGC 51518 appears to be too faint to be noticed (V magnitude between 16.0 and 16.5) and is off by over 4' in declination (Safford's errors are generally in RA). Based on these factors, Corwin's identification is the more likely.

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IC 1010 = UGC 9254 = MCG +00-37-006 = CGCG 019-028 = PGC 51612

14 27 20.4 +01 01 33; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.8'x1.6'

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, oval 3:2 or 5:3, at least 0.8' diameter. The brightest part is a broad "bar" oriented N-S (checking later it is a barred spiral). A mag 11 star is 2.4' E and two mag 14/16 stars are ~2.7' SW. Located 8.5' SE of mag 8.0 HD 126677. IC 1011 lies 11' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1010 = J. 2-783, along with IC 1011, on 8 Jun 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 1011 = MCG +00-37-008 = CGCG 019-036 = Ark 451 = PGC 51662

14 28 04.5 +01 00 23; Vir

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 114°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~20"-24" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a pair (same redshift) with IC 1010 11' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1011 = J. 2-784, along with IC 1010, on 8 Jun 1893. His position is accurate.

z = .026 --> Hubble Flow distance ~370 million l.y. (same as IC 1010)

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IC 1012 = IC 4431 = UGC 9257 = MCG +05-34-043 = CGCG 163-052 = PGC 51600

14 27 09.5 +30 56 54; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 112°

24" (5/31/22): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness. IC 4447 is 28' ESE.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1012 = Sf. 8 on 9 May 1866. He gave no description and his position is 2' too far NNE, but since there are no other nearby galaxies the identification is secure. But his position was perhaps far enough off that when Javelle found it again 30 years later (9 Jul 1896) he and Dreyer assumed it was new and it acquired the second identification IC 4431.

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IC 1013 = MCG +04-34-030 = CGCG 133-060 = WBL 509-001 = AWM 3-3 = PGC 51643

14 27 50.8 +25 50 17; Boo

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 96°

17.5" (5/11/96): very faint, fairly small, round, very weak concentration, 40" diameter. Located 5.8' WSW of NGC 5629 and 4' SW of IC 1017. Faintest of 5 in a group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1013 = J. 1-291, along with IC 1017, on 16 Jun 1892. His published offsets match CGCG 133-060, though Dreyer made a 1 degree error in north polar distance in the IC 1. Javelle caught the errorn and noted it at the end of his third catalogue (Erratum au Premier Catalogue). Dreyer included the correction in the IC 2 Notes. Wolfgang Steinicke misidentified LEDA 214272 as IC 1013 and this error was repeated by Corwin and loaded into NED. MCG, CGCG, PGC and HyperLEDA fail to identify CGCG 133-060 as IC 1013, probably due to the original IC error.

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IC 1014 = UGC 9275 = MCG +02-37-012 = CGCG 075-045 = PGC 51685

14 28 18.4 +13 46 49; Boo

V = 12.5; Size 2.7'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 90°

17.5" (6/8/02): very faint, fairly large, slightly elongated ~E-W, perhaps 2.5'x2.0'. Appears a diffuse, ill-defined glow with a weak central brightening. The halo appears to fade into the background, so difficult to judge extent.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1014 = Sf. 78 on 27 Apr 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and noted "F, pL, R, very gradually brighter middle." His position is accurate.

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IC 1015 = VV 717 = I Zw 90 = CGCG 104-031 = MCG +03-37-018 = PGC 51686

14 28 19.2 +15 25 12; Boo

Size 0.7'x0.4'

24" (6/28/22): at 375x; initially seen a single, though somewhat irregular elongated glow. The brightest part is at the NE end (two merged galaxies), which often stood out. The third SW member was faint and occasionally seeemed detached.

48" (5/16/12): fairly small, irregular glow with several components extending ~0.7' SW-NE. The southwest component was faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE. The two northeast components were connected as a fairly faint, small glow, elongated SW-NE. The east member had a quasi-stellar core.

Fritz Zwicky described this object as an "Interconnected post-eruptive blue pair of galaxies with several knots and jets."

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1015 = J. 292 on 28 Jun 1892 . He noted "very faint, irregularly extended, without condensation" and measured an accurate position."

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IC 1016 = IC 4424 = NGC 5619B = MCG +01-37-014 = CGCG 047-048 = KTG 57C = Holm 645b = WBL 507-003 = PGC 51624

14 27 32.4 +04 49 18; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6

See observing notes for IC 4424.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1016 = Sw. 10-26 on 28 Apr 1891 and reported "vF; vS; R; f[ollowing] of [NGC] 5619." There is nothing at his position, but 1.3 minutes of RA west is IC 4424, found by Bigourdan on 23 May 1892. Bigourdan measured an accurate position, so his designation is used in most modern sources and IC 1016 has been discarded, although it should be the primary one. RNGC calls this galaxy NGC 5619B, adding to the confusion.

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IC 1017 = UGC 9276 = MCG +04-34-032 = CGCG 133-062 = AWM 3-2 = PGC 51668

14 28 07.2 +25 52 08; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 128°

17.5" (5/11/96): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 45"x25", bright core. A mag 12 star is 1.1' WSW. This galaxy is located 2.4' NW of NGC 5629 and is the second brightest in a group of 5 galaxies in field including IC 1013 4' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1017 = J. I-293, along with IC 1013, on 16 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches UGC 9276. I'm surprised JH didn't pick up this relatively bright galaxy in his two observations of NGC 5629.

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IC 1019 = MCG +04-34-033 = CGCG 133-064 = AWM 3-4 = PGC 51667

14 28 13.5 +25 56 51; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.5'

17.5" (5/11/96): faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 13 star lies 25" W of center. Located 6.0' N of NGC 5629 and 9' NW of a mag 7 star within a small group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1019 = J. 1-295 on 28 Jul 1892.

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IC 1020 = UGC 9289 = MCG +04-34-035 = CGCG 133-068 = PGC 51728

14 28 49.5 +26 01 56; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 176°

17.5" (5/11/96): faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, very small bright core. A mag 13 star lies 0.9' NW of center. Located 13' NE of NGC 5629 and last of 5 in field.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1020 = J. 1-296 on 28 Jul 1892.

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IC 1021 = UGC 9296 = MCG +04-34-038 = CGCG 133-071 = PGC 51764

14 29 17.1 +20 39 16; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 129°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S (though shifts major axis with averted), fairly even surface brightness with a broad mild concentration and slightly brighter center. Forms the eastern vertex of triangle with a mag 11.8 star 5.6' WNW and a similar mag 11.6 star 4.8' S. Located 8' SSE of mag 7.3 HD 127106.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1021 = J.1-297 on 11 Jun 1891. He called it "faint, small, irregularly round, without condensation." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 1022 = UGC 9311 = CGCG 047-066 = PGC 51808

14 30 01.9 +03 46 18; Vir

V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 161°

24" (6/29/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.3', small brighter core. A mag 11.7 star is just 1.0' N of center and a mag 12.7 star is 2' SSE. IC 1022 is situated 17' ENE of mag 6.8 HD 127032.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1022 = J. 1-298 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is 1.2' too far north due to an error in the position of his offset star (HD 12690) and his description "elongated in the meridian [N-S]" confirms the identification.

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IC 1024 = UGC 9341 = MCG +01-37-022 = CGCG 047-076 = LGG 386-001 = PGC 51895

14 31 27.2 +03 00 33; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.6'; PA = 29°

24" (6/29/22): at 327x; relatively bright, very elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0' in length, brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is close to the NNE tip. Located 30' SE of NGC 5638 and 5636. All three are members of the USGC U637 group ( 7 total).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1024 = J. 1-299 on 2 Jun 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1026 = NGC 5653 = UGC 9318 = MCG +05-34-058 = CGCG 163-068 = LGG 383-002 = PGC 51814

14 30 10.6 +31 12 54; Boo

V = 12.2; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 125°

See observing notes for NGC 5653.

Truman Safford found IC 1026 = Sf. 13 on 11 May 1866 and simply noted "pretty bright". There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA west is NGC 5653 and his description is appropriate for an 18.5" refractor. Safford made several other 1 minute errors in his RA positions, including IC 1030, and IC 1008. C 1026 = NGC 5653.

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IC 1027 = UGC 9331 = MCG +09-4-009 = CGCG 273-008 = PGC 51796

14 29 48.5 +53 57 54; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 0°

24" (7/1/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 35" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. IC 1027 is the brightest in a group with LEDA 2456695, situated just 1.7' N (at the same redshift). It occasionally "popped" as an extremely small glow using averted vision, so was marginally glimpsed at V = 16.2.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1027 = Sw. 7-45 on 23 Jul 1887 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; another or a few F st. nr." His position was just off the south side of UGC 9331 so the identification is certain. In 1900, Howe reported "Swift suspected 'another near'. I saw no nebula near by, but there is a star of mag 13, which was 0.7' south preceding."

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IC 1028 = NGC 5739 = UGC 9486 = MCG +07-30-052 = CGCG 220-049 = PGC 52531

14 42 28.9 +41 50 32; Boo

V = 12.1; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.6

See observing notes for NGC 5739.

Lewis Swift found IC 1028 = Sw. 8-81 on 1 Sep 1888 and reported "pB; S; R; F * close nf." There is nothing at his position, but all modern catalogues identify IC 1028 = UGC 9368 (first given in the CGCG). This galaxy is situated 15' SE of Swift's position. But in August 2017, I noticed that IC 895 likely had 10 minute error in RA, so that IC 895 = NGC 5273, and Harold Corwin followed this lead and found IC 1028 (as well as IC 1045), also discovered on 1 Sep 1888, shared the same 10 minute error in RA. The corrected position lands on the north edge of NGC 5739, and this galaxy has a 14th magnitude star off the northeast edge, matching the description. This galaxy was originally discovered by William Herschel on 18 Mar 1787.

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IC 1029 = UGC 9361 = MCG +08-26-041 = PGC 51955

14 32 27.2 +49 54 13; Boo

V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 152°

17.5" (6/24/95): moderately bright, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x0.4'. Contains a very small and round prominent core with a faint stellar nucleus at moments. Located 3.2' W of a mag 9.5 star. This is an unusual situation with a brighter IC galaxy (discovered by William Herschel) in the field of a fainter NGC galaxy (discovered by John Herschel).

William Herschel discovered IC 1029 = H. II-696 = Big. 185 on 15 May 1787 (sweep 736). He recorded "pretty bright, small, elongated." His position matches UGC 9361, the brighter of a pair of edge-ons with NGC 5673 = UGC 9347 9.6' NW, which Sir William missed. When John Herschel observed the field, he discovered NGC 5673, measured the position accurately (mentioning the star at the edge) but assumed it was his father's H. II-696. He used his own position for h1838 in the GC and Dreyer gaves aliases of h1838 and H. II. 696 for NGC 5673.

When Bigourdan observed the pair of galaxies on 14 Jun 1887, he assumed UGC 9361 was new, measured an accurate position, and Dreyer catalogued Big. 185 as IC 1029. This is an unusual situation where an IC object was discovered earlier by WH! Note: Malcolm Thomson argues in his IC identification notes that NGC 5673 = IC 1029. See NGC 5673 for more.

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IC 1030 = NGC 5672 = UGC 9354 = MCG +05-34-068 = CGCG 163-077 = LGG 383-003 = PGC 51964

14 32 38.3 +31 40 12; Boo

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 50°

See observing notes for NGC 5672.

Truman Safford found IC 1030 = Sf. 6 on 5 May 1866. There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA west is NGC 5672, an error made by Safford on several other discoveries. So, likely IC 1030 = NGC 5672. Harold Corwin made this identification.

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IC 1031 = CGCG 248-005 = WBL 515-001 = PGC 52082

14 34 24.0 +48 02 15; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 56°

24" (6/15/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. A mag 15.2 star lies 40" NE. First of 3 (WBL 515) with IC 1032 4.9' SE and IC 1033 6.7' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1031 = Sw. 7-46 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; nearly pointed to by 2 D st., 1st of 3 [with IC 1032 and 1033]." His RA was 12 seconds too large (copied into the IC), but the identification is certain. Howe measured an accurate position in his series of NGC/IC observations around 1900.

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IC 1032 = CGCG 248-006 = I Zw 91 = WBL 515-002 = PGC 52097

14 34 39.5 +47 58 05; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (6/15/15): fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. Second of three with IC 1033 1.9' SSE and IC 1031 4.9' NW. IC 1032 is a merged pair (unresolved) with the two nuclei separated by only 5".

18" (7/15/07): faint, very small, irregularly round, 20"x15", occasional faint stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with slightly brighter IC 1033 just 2' S. The pair was found while observing the field of comet C/2006 VZ_13 (LINEAR).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1032 = Sw. 7-47 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; 2nd of 3 [with IC 1031 and 1033]." On the SDSS, this is a merged double system with two nuclei (PGC 52097 + PGC 4126489).

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IC 1033 = CGCG 248-007 = WBL 515-003 = PGC 52099

14 34 41.8 +47 56 16; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.8'

24" (6/15/15): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, 25" diameter. Slightly larger and brighter of a pair with IC 1033 1.9' NNW and IC 1031 6.7' NW forming a triplet.

18" (7/15/07): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Brighter of a pair with IC 1032 2' N. Forms the vertex of a right angle with a mag 13 star 2.6' S and a mag 12 star 5' E.

These two small galaxies were picked up in the same field (10' apart) while viewing 7th magnitude C/2006 VZ13 (LINEAR) in the same field of view! IC 1031 is located just 6.7' NW but missed viewing as it was outside of the field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1033 = Sw. 7-48 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 3rd of 3 [with IC 1031 and 1032]." His position is just 5 seconds too large in RA.

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IC 1034 = CGCG 104-049 = PGC 52244

14 37 13.7 +14 39 55; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 5°

24" (7/1/22): at 327x; in the faint to very faint category, round, just 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 1.5' SSE and a mag 9.0 is 4' NW. On deep images, this is a late-stage merger with shells and tails.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1034 = J. 1-301 on 19 Jul 1892. He noted "very faint, poorly defined, weak condensation." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 1035 = MCG +02-37-028 = CGCG 075-097 = Holm 664A = PGC 52305

14 38 10.2 +09 20 10; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 150°

24" (7/1/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 15-15.5 star is right at the NE edge and a mag 13 star is 1' NE (helps to pinpoint the location).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1035 = J. 1-302 on 24 May 1892. He noted "pretty faint, roughly round, 10" diameter, very pale, near a faint star."

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IC 1036 = CGCG 104-056 = PGC 52320

14 38 22.8 +18 06 40; Boo

V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 43°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; between faint and very faint, elongated SW-NE, very low even surface brightness, ~25" diameter. Fainter of a pair with IC 1037 4.4' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1036 = J. 1-303, along with IC 1037, on 13 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1037 = MCG +03-37-028 = CGCG 104-057 = PGC 52319

14 38 25.4 +18 11 02; Boo

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 107°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, 30" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Forms the western vertex of a small triangle with a mag 14.7 star 1.4' E and similar star 1.7' SE. Forms a physical pair (similar redshift) with IC 1036 4.4' S. Located 7' SSE of mag 5.9 HD 128750.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1037 = J. 1-304, along with IC 1036, on 13 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1039 = CGCG 047-133 = WBL 518-002 = PGC 52428

14 40 29.4 +03 25 58; Vir

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 43°

24" (6/18/12): faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 15" diameter. Located 3.7' SW of NGC 5718 in the core of the galaxy group MKW 8.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1039 = J. 1-306, along with IC 1041, 1042 and 1043, on 28 May 1891.

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IC 1041 = MCG +01-37-045 = CGCG 047-134 = WBL 518-004 = PGC 52434

14 40 37.9 +03 22 37; Vir

V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 165°

24" (6/18/12): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, well concentrated with a small bright core. Forms a close pair with IC 1043 1.4' E. Located 5.5' S of NGC 5718/IC 1042 in the MKW 8 cluster.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1041 = J. 1-308 = Sw. 10A-6 = Sw. 11-173, along with IC 1039, 1042 and 1043, on 28 May 1891. His dec is ~1.5' too far south but the identification is certain. Lewis Swift found it again on 17 May 1892 and noted Sw. 10A-6 as "eF, vS, lE. 1st of 3 [with IC 1042 and NGC 5718]." Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list with a slightly modified position, probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Dreyer assumed Swift's observation referred to IC 1039, but since his declination was 6' south of IC 1042, it probably refers to IC 1041.

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IC 1042 = Arp 171 NED1 = UGC 9457 = MCG +01-37-046 = WBL 518-003 = PGC 52433

14 40 39.0 +03 28 10; Vir

V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (6/18/12): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, weak concentration. Fainter member of a double system (Arp 171) with NGC 5718 at the WSW edge - the haloes are virtually in contact!

17.5" (6/8/91): very faint, very small, low even surface brightness. Forms a double system (Arp 171) just off the WNW edge of NGC 5718. Member of the poor cluster MKW 8

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1042 = J. I-309 = Sw. 10A-7 = Sw. 11-174 on 27 Apr 1878 (probably again on 2 Jun 1878). During an observation of NGC 5718, he noted a new nebula [IC 1042] 5 seconds of times preceding in the parallel. Stephan failed to publish the discovery, though.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 1042, along with IC 1039, 1041 and 1043, on 28 May 1891 with description "vF, R, 10" diameter, brighter center." In a footnote he mentioned "distinct from NGC 5718". Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 17 May 1892 and included it in his list 10A (#7) as "eeF, S, R, close D with 5718." Swift observed it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new a second time in his 11th discovery list, perhaps to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Javelle (1) and Swift (2) were credited in the IC, but not Stephan.

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IC 1043 = LEDA 2800989

14 40 43.4 +03 22 26; Vir

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 22°

24" (6/18/12): faint, very small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 15"x10", faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 1.4' E of IC 1041 in the core of the NGC 5718 group (MKW 8). This galaxy is not identified as IC 1043 in Megastar or HyperLeda and is not listed in the original PGC.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1043 = J. 310, along with IC 1039, 1041 and 1042, on 28 May 1891. His dec is nearly 2' too far south (same as IC 1041).

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IC 1044 = MCG +02-37-029 = CGCG 075-111 = WBL 519-001 = PGC 52477

14 41 29.0 +09 25 51; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 1°

24" (7/1/22): at 327x;, fairly faint, small bright nucleus with a faint halo that extends ~0.5'x0.3' N-S. Located 9' NE of mag 8.7 HD 129190 and 7' SSW of mag 7.8 HD 129337. The latter is a very close double star (STF 1866 = 8.5/8.7 at 0.7" separation), which was resolved at 508x.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1044 = J. 1-311 on 24 May 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1045 = UGC 9559 = MCG +07-30-068 = CGCG 220-058 = CGCG 221-001 = Mrk 827 = Holm 683a = PGC 52995

14 50 39.4 +42 44 27; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 150°

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, ~1.0'x0.4', bright elongated core. CGCG 220-059, just 1.8' NNE, appeared faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Both galaxies are within the outline of a triangle of mag 10/11/12 stars.

UGC 9542, located 25' SW, appeared fairly faint, moderately large, very thin edge-on, 1.0'x0.25', fairly low nearly even surface brightness.

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; UGC 9559 (recently identified as IC 1045) appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 NW-SE, ~40"x16", brighter core. At the center of a triangle with a mag 9.7 star 5.9' WSW, a mag 11 star 4' SE and a mag 12 star 3.6' NNE.

Forms a physical pair of Markarian galaxies with CGCG 220-059 1.8' NNE. The companion was very faint and small, round, 12"-15" diameter.

NED equates IC 1045 with NGC 5731, described below.

17.5" (6/27/98): faint, moderately large, very elongated NW-SE, 1.0'x0.25', weakly concentrated. A mag 13 star lies 1.5' NW of center. Forms a close pair of edge-ons with NGC 5730 3' SW.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1045 = Sw. 8-82 = UGC 9559 on 28 May 1875. His uncorrected position is 6' to the NE, similar to the offsets for the positions he reported for NGC 5696 and NGC 5772 (4' NE), the two objects observed immediately before and after. Stephan never reduced an accurate position and published the discovery.

Lewis Swift rediscovered this galaxy on 1 Sep 1888. He described nebula #82 in his 8th discovery list (later IC 1045) as "eeeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 st.; forms triangle with 2 st; eee diff." There is nothing at his position, though 7' WNW is NGC 5731. Harold Corwin originally considered IC 1045 as perhaps a duplicate of NGC 5731, though this would imply Swift missed NGC 5730, which is in the same field and equally as bright.

In August 2017, I sent Harold Corwin an email correcting Swift's position for IC 895 (he made a 10 minute error in RA). Corwin found that the same 10 minute correction applied to IC 1045, as well as IC 1028 (both discovered on the same night), resulted in IC 1045 = UGC 9559. No modern catalogues (yet) makes this identification. Courtney Seligman also found that IC 511, the 4th object discovered that night by Swift, shares the same 10 minute error! So, there were two late 19th century discoveries of this galaxy that might have led to a NGC or IC designation, but through omission and a recording error, all modern sources refer to it as UGC 9559.

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IC 1046 = MCG +12-14-011 = CGCG 337-017 = PGC 52284

14 37 53.4 +69 00 52; UMi

Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 87°

24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 E-W, small brighter nucleus. Mottled, irregular appearance, ~36"x20". A ~20" pair of mag 11.7/13.2 stars is 3' E (nearly collinear with the galaxy).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1046 = Sw. 7-49 on 11 Jun 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; D * nr f[ollowing] points to it." His position is within 30" of CGCG 337-017 = PGC 52284 and the double star is 3.5' E.

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IC 1047 = MCG +03-37-038 = CGCG 104-071 = CGCG 105-004 = PGC 52522

14 42 19.9 +19 11 31; Boo

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.5'

18" (7/10/10): at 285x appeared very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface halo surrounding a brighter core. Located 5' S of a mag 11 star. Collinear with three mag 13-13.5 stars extending to the NE with the closest 1.6' NE. A compact group of extremely faint galaxies lies 4' S of IC 1047 and the combined glow (or the brightest galaxy) was just visible. NGC 5737 lies 22' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1047 = J. 313 on 18 May 1892.

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IC 1048 = UGC 9483 = MCG +01-37-051 = CGCG 048-004 = Holm 670a = LGG 386-021 = PGC 52564

14 42 58.0 +04 53 22; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; PA = 163°

24" (6/29/22): moderately bright edge-on 4:1 or 5:1 nearly N-S, ~1.5'x0.3', bulging central region and tapers at the tips. A mag 15.5 star is close to the north end. Member of the large NGC 5668/5746 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1048 = J. 1-312 on 18 Jul 1892. He noted "quite bright, elongated approximately in the direction of the meridian [N-S], about 1' in length, appears granulated." His position is accurate.

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IC 1049 = UGC 9461 = MCG +10-21-021 = CGCG 296-016 = PGC 52379

14 39 33.1 +62 00 11; Dra

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 70°

24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; moderately bright and large, roundish, ~45"-50" diameter, increases gradually and mildly to the center. A mag 10.4 star is 4.7' SSW and a mag 11.1 star is 4.4' ENE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1049 = Sw. 9-41 on 2 Jul 1889 and reported "eeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 distant wide D st." The wide double stars are NE and S.

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IC 1050 = MCG +03-38-002 = CGCG 105-011 = PGC 52630

14 44 07.1 +18 00 45; Boo

V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.45'; PA = 30°

24" (7/1/22): at 225x, 327x and 375x; nearly fairly faint, brighter core, faint elongated halo ~3:2 SW-NE, 25"-30" diameter. A mag 10 star is 7' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1050 = J. 1-314 on 23 Jun 1892. He noted "very faint, small, round, 15" diameter, diffuse without condensation."

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IC 1051 = CGCG 105-012 = PGC 52629

14 44 11.6 +19 01 13; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'

18" (7/10/10): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 16' NE of NGC 5737 and 18' NW of mag 6.2 HD 130025. A line of three mag 13 stars aligned E-W lies 4' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1051 = J. 315 on 18 Jul 1892.

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IC 1056 = IC 1057 = UGC 9516 = MCG +08-27-023 = CGCG 273-025 = PGC 52713

14 45 49.0 +50 23 39; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 20°

24" (7/11/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, 1' diameter, slightly elongated ~N-S, low surface brightness outer halo increases with averted, brighter core has a broad, weak concentration towards the center. Situated between a mag 10.5 star 2.6' W and a mag 7.8 star 6.6' E. Three additional mag 10 stars are within 7' to the SW.

Lewis Swift found IC 1056 = Sw. 7-50 on 4 Jul 1888 and reported, "eeF, L, R; forms an arc of a small circle with 2 sts; 3 pB sts nr sf in form of arc of a large circle." His position was just off the west edge of this galaxy. Swift first discovered this galaxy on 8 Apr 1888, but his description for IC 1057 differed and the position was 3' off, so he assumed they were different. But IC 1056 = IC 1057. The higher number should be the primary based on historical precedence.

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IC 1057 = IC 1056 = UGC 9516 = MCG +08-27-023 = CGCG 273-025 = PGC 52713

14 45 49.0 +50 23 39; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 20°

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1057 = Sw. 7-51 on 8 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; pS; R; bet a pB* and a coarse D *, nearer the latter. His position is 2.3' too far SE. He rediscovered the galaxy on July 4th and it was recatalogued as IC 1056 with a more accurate position. Neither Swift nor Dreyer caught the equivalence as the descriptions and positions are enough different.

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IC 1058 = UGC 9538 = MCG +03-38-029 = CGCG 105-035 = PGC 52915

14 49 12.4 +17 01 15; Boo

V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 115°

24" (7/1/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 45" diameter, small brighter nucleus with tapering ends (lens shaped).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1058 = J. 1-319 on 27 Jun 1892. He noted "faint, elongated, lying along the meridian [N-S], very condensed, 14th mag nucleus."

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IC 1060 = MCG -01-38-004 = PGC 53075

14 51 47.3 -07 13 57; Lib

V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.8'; PA = 92°

18" (7/24/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, ~32"x22", broad weak concentration to the center but no distinct core or nucleus. Located 20' W of a 1.4' pair of mag 9 stars. MCG -01-38-006 lies 23' NE.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1060 = Sf. 106 on 23 May 1868 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. His position is accurate.

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IC 1062 = MCG +03-38-041 = CGCG 105-047 = PGC 53044

14 51 17.7 +18 41 13; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 100°

17.5" (6/7/97): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. View hampered by mag 7.5 SAO 101247 just 2.2' S! Located 25' S of Xi Boo (V = 4.6).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1062 = J. 321 on 18 Jul 1892. CGCG doesn't label this galaxy as IC 1062.

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IC 1063 = IC 1064 = UGC 9565 = MCG +01-38-007 = CGCG 048-036 = PGC 53094

14 52 11.0 +04 40 55; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 145°

24" (6/29/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~30" diameter, diffuse. It appeared to have a double nucleus [separation 13" E-W], which suggested it might be a merger. But checking images afterwards, the brighter eastern "nucleus" is a superimposed star. Nearby are three brighter stars; a mag 9.3 star 7' SW and mag 10.3 star 5' SE and a mag 10.7 star 4' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1063 = J. 1-322 on 18 May 1892. His position is accurate. He found the galaxy again two months later on 15 Jul, so the galaxy also carries the label IC 1064.

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IC 1064 = IC 1063 = UGC 9565 = MCG +01-38-007 = CGCG 048-036 = PGC 53094

14 52 11.0 +04 40 55; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 145°

24" (6/29/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~30" diameter, diffuse. Appears to have a double nucleus [separation 13" E-W] and I thought it might be a merger, but checking images afterwards the brighter eastern one is a superimposed star.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1064 = J. 1-323 on 15 Jul 1892. His position is accurate, though he had already discovered this galaxy two months earlier using a different offset star! So IC 1063 = IC 1064.

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IC 1065 = UGC 9553 = MCG +11-18-008 = CGCG 318-004 = PGC 52924

14 49 21.6 +63 16 14; Dra

V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 89°

18" (7/10/10): faint, very small, 15" diameter. Appears to have an extremely low surface brightness halo increasing the diameter to 30". Located 14' SE of Stein 775 = 11.5/12.0 at 9".

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1065 = Sw. 7-52 on 7 Apr 1888 and recorded "vF, pS, R." His position is just off the south side of the galaxy. Identified in the MCG only as +11-18-008.

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IC 1066 = UGC 9573 = MCG +01-38-009 = PGC 53176

14 53 02.9 +03 17 44; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 70°

48" (4/19/17): bright, moderately large, oval 5:3 WSW-ENE, ~0.8'x0.5'. Contains a small, very bright nucleus. A mag 11 star is 1.8' E, a mag 12.5 star is 1.2' ESE and a mag 16.6 star lies 0.9' N. Forms a bright pair with IC 1067 2.2' NNE.

24" (6/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WSW-ENE, ~40"x24". Occasionally appears slightly brighter along the major axis. An 11th mag star is 2' E with a 13th mag star is 1.3' ESE. Forms a nice pair with IC 1067 2.3' NNE.

17.5" (6/18/93): faint, small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, almost even surface brightness, weak concentration. A wide pair of mag 11 and 13 stars at 40" separation are about 1.5' ESE. Forms a close pair with IC 1067 2.2' NNE. In the same 140x field (using a 14mm Nagler) with NGC 5774 and 5775 20' NE.

R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 1066 = J. 1-324, along with IC 1067, on 16 May 1855. He assumed he was observing the double system NGC 5765, but his description and sketch clearly refers to the IC pair. He recorded "2 neb with 3 B st near, both F, bM. The north one has a double star close sp, and is E np sf; the s one is perhaps also slightly E sp nf." A diagram in the 1880 publication is a perfect match with IC 1066 and IC 1067 (close northeast of a double star). The pair of galaxies was found again on 3 May 1856 while searching for NGC 5775! Dreyer realized that Mitchell's pair was different than NGC 5775, but without a position he wasn't able to include it in the NGC.

Édouard Stephan made an independent discovery (probably of both galaxies) on 3 Jun 1878 (rough position 4' WSW)', though never published the observation. Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 28 May 1891, measured an accurate position, and it was catalogued as IC 1066. Javelle is credited in the IC, as the connection with the Birr Castle sketch was never made.

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IC 1067 = UGC 9574 = MCG +01-38-010 = PGC 53178

14 53 05.4 +03 19 53; Vir

V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 110°

48" (4/19/17): bright, moderately large, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~1.0' diameter. Contains a very bright very small nucleus. I didn't notice the bar structure in a quick observation. An easy 9" pair of mag 15-15.5 stars is on the southwest side. Forms a 2.2' pair with IC 1066 to the SSW with the NGC 5774/5775 18' NE. A mag 16.6 star lies 1.3' SSW, nearly on a direct line between IC 1066 and IC 1077.

24" (6/23/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~45" diameter. Contains a very small brighter nucleus embedded in a "bar" that was often seen oriented NW-SE. A 15th mag star is superimposed at the west edge. Brighter of a nice pair with IC 1066 2.2' SSW. Two mag 11 and 13 stars lies 2.5' E and a similar distance southeast.

17.5" (6/18/93): slightly larger and brighter of close pair with IC 1066 2.2' SSW. Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.0'x0.8', bright core. A mag 12 star is 2.7' ESE. Prominent for an IC pair.

R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 1067 = J. 1-325, along with IC 1066, on 16 May 1855. See the story under IC 1066.

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IC 1069 = UGC 9563 = MCG +09-24-044 = CGCG 273-029 = PGC 53000

14 50 46.5 +54 24 40; Boo

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.7'; PA = 50°

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, ~40"x30", sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1069 = Sw. 7-53 on 8 Apr 1888 and reported "pF; vS; R; in vacancy." His position is 3' too far southeast, but there are no other nearby galaxies so the identification is certain.

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IC 1070 = CGCG 048-059 = WBL 532-002 = PGC 53245

14 53 51.3 +03 29 05; Vir

V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 121°

48" (4/19/17): moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, brighter core but no sharp nucleus. Located 4' SSW of NGC 5775, which forms a striking pair with NGC 5774.

24" (6/23/17): at 375x; faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 15"x12", weak concentration. Located 4' SSW of NGC 5775.

24" (7/14/15): at 375x; faint to fairly faint (visible continuously), small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 18"x12". By far the faintest and smallest in a trio with NGC 5774 3.9' NE and NGC 5774 6.3' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1070 = J. 1-327 on 3 Jun 1891 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "vF, S, R, diffic."

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IC 1071 = UGC 9582 = MCG +01-38-015 = CGCG 048-062 = PGC 53260

14 54 12.5 +04 45 00; Vir

V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 150°

18" (6/17/04): brightest and furthest south of a collinear trio with IC 1072 5.5' N and IC 1073 2.7' N. Appears fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.6'. A mag 12 star lies 4.8' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1071 = Sw. 10-27 on 25 Jun 1891 and logged "eF; S; R; BM." His position is 2' too far south. Swift missed nearby IC 1072 and IC 1073 to the north, which Javelle discovered the following year. Howe reported a corrected position in his series of NGC/IC observation in Monthly Notices.

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IC 1072 = MCG +01-38-016 = CGCG 048-064 = PGC 53258

14 54 13.1 +04 50 29; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 152°

18" (6/17/04): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', fairly smooth surface brightness. In a collinear triplet (second brightest) with IC 1071 5.5' S and IC 1073 2.8' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1072 = J. 328, along with IC 1073, on 18 May 1892 .

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IC 1073 = CGCG 048-063 = PGC 53259

14 54 14.4 +04 47 40; Vir

V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'

18" (6/17/04): faintest of a collinear triplet with IC 1071 2.7' S and IC 1072 2.8' N. Very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness and requires averted. A mag 12 star lies 4' due west.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1073 = J. 329, along with IC 1072, on 18 May 1892

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IC 1074 = UGC 9572 = MCG +09-24-047 = CGCG 273-030 = PGC 53084

14 51 57.3 +51 15 54; Boo

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 117°

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x20", slightly brighter core. A mag 12.7 star is 1.7' W, a mag 14.4 star is 1' SSW and a mag 9.5 star is 3.4' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1074 = Sw. 7-54 on 4 Jul 1888 and recorded "eeF; S; R." His position is just off the north edge of the galaxy.

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IC 1075 = UGC 9593 = MCG +03-38-053 = CGCG 105-069 = WBL 535-001 = PGC 53314

14 54 49.2 +18 06 21; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 155°

24" (7/11/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~40"x24", weak concentration, fairly low surface brightness. In a trio (WBL 535) with IC 1076 4.8' SSE and CGCG 105-073 5.4' ENE. The CGCG (background galaxy at over twice the redshift) appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1075 = Sw. 8-83, along with IC 1076, on 22 Apr 1889. He reported "eeeF; pS; R; p of 2 [with IC 1076]."

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IC 1076 = UGC 9595 = Mrk 479 = MCG +03-38-055 = CGCG 105-071 = SBL 535-002 = PGC 53320

14 54 59.6 +18 02 14; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 9°

24" (7/11/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, ~45"x25", brighter core. Brightest in a quartet with IC 1075 4.8' NNW and CGCG 105-073 5.8' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1076 = Sw. 8-84, along with IC 1075, on 22 Apr 1889. He reported "eeeF; pS; R; in vacancy; pB * sp; f of 2 [with IC 1075]." Stephane Javelle found it again on 13 Jun 1892 and reported it as new (J. 1-330), with comments "faint, round, 30" diameter, central condensation."

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IC 1077 = ESO 581-0029 = MCG -03-38-030 = PGC 53450

14 57 21.7 -19 12 50; Lib

V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 135°

17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 1.1' diameter, very weak even concentration. A mag 13.5 star lies 2.4' SW. Located 20' WNW of NGC 5791 in the group LGG 389. This is a relatively bright IC galaxy.

Frank Muller discovered IC 1077 = LM(S) 676, along with IC 1081, on 18 Mar 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He called it "round, gradually brighter to a middle nucleus." and his micrometric offset in RA matches ESO 581-002 (no measurement in declination). Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, though the IC position is 5' too far south.

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IC 1078 = UGC 9608 = MCG +02-38-025 = CGCG 076-102 = WBL 536-001 = PGC 53411

14 56 29.0 +09 21 16; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 13°

24" (7/14/15): faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, low surface brightness. Forms a nice pair with IC 1079 2.0' NE. UGC 9616 = VV 26 lies 7.7' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1078 = J. 1-331, along with IC 1079, on 17 May 1892 and recorded "pF, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 1079 = UGC 9611 = MCG +02-38-026 = CGCG 076-103 = WBL 536-002 = PGC 53418

14 56 36.2 +09 22 11; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 1.7'x1.0'; PA = 82°

24" (7/14/15): fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly elongated E-W, ~45"x36", well concentrated with a small very bright core. Brighter of a close pair with IC 1078 2' SE. UGC 9616 = VV 26 lies 7.3' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1079 = J. 1-332, along with IC 1078, on 17 May 1892 and recorded "F, vS, R, gradually brighter in the middle."

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IC 1080 = MCG -01-38-010 = PGC 53480

14 57 59.8 -06 43 24; Lib

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30°

18" (7/24/11): faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 26"x18", broad weak concentration, no distinct zones. Located 3' ESE of mag 8.8 HD 132149. MCG -01-38-012 lies 9.4' SE and PGC 160367 is 15' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1080 = J. 2-787 on 9 Jun 1893.

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IC 1081 = ESO 581-009 = MCG -03-38-036 = PGC 53525

14 58 55.1 -19 14 21; Lib

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 147°

17.5" (6/16/01): very faint, very elongated NW-SE, 1.2'x0.3', low even surface brightness. Very weakly concentrated. Forms a close pair with brighter NGC 5791 2.7' SW and 5.7' due north of a mag 10 star.

Frank Muller discovered IC 1081 = LM(S) 677, along with IC 1077, on 18 Mar 1887 and recorded "1.0'x0.3', elongated [in p.a.] 175°." Muller didn't make an offset measure in declination. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, though the IC position is 4' too far south.

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IC 1082 = CGCG 048-087 = PGC 53523

14 58 52.5 +07 00 26; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 43°

24" (6/29/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, brighter roundish central region, with a faint halo extended SW-NE. A mag 10.8 star is 2.4' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1082 = J. 1-333 on 13 Feb 1893. He noted "very faint, nearly round, 30" diameter, even surface brightness."

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IC 1083 = MCG +12-14-014 = CGCG 337-024 = PGC 53362

14 55 33.4 +68 24 31; UMi

Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 94°

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3, ~24"x18", broad gradual concentration but no well defined core or nucleus. A 15" pair (uncatalogued) of mag 11.8/12.5 stars is 7' ESE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1083 = Sw. 7-55 on 2 Aug 1888 and reported "eeF; S; R; D * in field f." His position is less than 2' NW of PGC 53362 and the double star following clinches the identification.

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IC 1084 = MCG -01-38-017 = PGC 53648

15 01 14.9 -07 28 30; Lib

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 171°

18" (6/13/07): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 25"x20". Located south of a group of 4 stars in a triangular pattern and 5' ESE of much brighter NGC 5812.

Francis Leavenworth discovered IC 1084 = LM(S) 693 on 30 Mar 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded it as "mag 15.6, 0.3' diameter, round, dif." His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1085 = MCG +03-38-074 = CGCG 105-098 = PGC 53710

15 02 43.4 +17 15 09; Boo

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 24°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25". Well concentrated with a small bright core (round). The low surface brightness halo appears elongated ~5:4. A mag 13 star is 1.8' SW. Located 6.4' ENE of mag 9.4 SAO 101342. IC 1086 lies 14' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1085 = J. 1-334, along with IC 1086, on 8 Jul 1891. His position is over 1' too far south, apparently due to an error in the declination of the offset star (SAO 101342).

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IC 1086 = MCG +03-38-077 = CGCG 105-101 = PGC 53734

15 03 29.2 +17 06 52; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 165°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, high surface brightness, occasional stellar nucleus. IC 1085 lies 14' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1086 = J. 1-335, along with IC 1085, on 8 Jul 1891. His position is 1.7' too far south, apparently due to an error in the declination of the offset star. Some sources (such as Megastar) misidentify nearby MCG +03-38-078 as IC 1086. This fainter galaxy is closer to Javelle's poor position.

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IC 1087 = MCG +01-38-031 = CGCG 049-002a = PGC 53952

15 06 43.9 +03 46 36; Vir

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 80°

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, ~24"x18", small bright nucleus. IC 1087 is the brighter of a close pair with UGC 9710 (misidentified as modern sources as IC 1088) just 32" SW. IC 1088 is a mag 15.5-16 star 1.2' NE.

Mrk 1392 (brightest in the trio WBL 542) lies 12' SW. It appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", strongly concentrated, small bright nucleus (Seyfert 1 nucleus). CGCG 048-116, 2.0' E, is fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', fairly even surface brightness. CGCG 048-117, 3.8' SE, is faint, small, round, stellar nucleus surrounded by an 0.3' halo.

17.5" (6/29/00): this is the brighter of a close pair of difficult galaxies. At 220x, it appeared as an extremely faint and small glow, perhaps 25" diameter. At 280x a confused glow was visible and with extended viewing a close companion (UGC 9710) was just resolved to the southeast . With concentration both members could almost be held continuously. A mag 15 star lies 1.3' NE (this is IC 1088).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1087 = J. 336, along with IC 1088, on 28 May 1891. His reference for IC 1087 and IC 1088 was a mag 9-10 star at 15 07 02.6 +03 50 50 (2000). His offsets for #336 = IC 1087 are -19.8 seconds of time and -4' 14.8" dec. This places IC 1087 at 15 06 42.8 +03 46 35 (J2000), a perfect match with the northwest galaxy of the pair. IC 1088, though, refers to a mag 15 star 1.3' NE of IC 1088. It is often misidentified as the southeast member of the pair.

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IC 1088

15 06 47.4 +03 47 31; Vir

V = 16.0

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; IC 1088 is a mag 16.0 star 1.2' NE of IC 1087. Modern sources (UGC, MCG, CGCG, HyperLeda, SIMBAD) misidentify UGC 9710 as IC 1088.

UGC 9710 appeared extremely faint or very faint, fairly small, very low surface brightness streak, ~30"x5". This galaxy is the fainter of a close pair with IC 1087 just 32" NW!

On 29 Jun 2000 I also viewed UGC 9710 in my 17.5" and recorded, "fainter of a very close pair with IC 1087 [33" between centers]. Glimpsed with averted vision only as a very small, elongated glow, ~20"x10" E-W. It was difficult to hold IC 1087 and UGC 9710 simultaneously.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1088 = J. 336, along with IC 1087, on 28 May 1891. See IC 1087.

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IC 1089 = CGCG 049-007 = PGC 53989

15 07 26.0 +07 07 00; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 140°

24" (6/29/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 25" diameter, small bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2' SSE and a mag 12.5 star is 3.5' E. An interesting group of stars is ~12' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1089 = J. 1-338 on 15 Jul 1892. His position is 1' too far south.

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IC 1091 = MCG -02-39-001 = PGC 54044

15 08 13.5 -11 08 27; Lib

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 132°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.3', low even surface brightness, no noticeable core or zones. Located 9.5' NW of NGC 5858.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1091 = Big. 187 on 1 Jun 1888 and recorded "mag 13.4-13.5; diffuse; 40" diameter; stellar nucleus. His position matches PGC 54044.

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IC 1092 = CGCG 077-015 = PGC 53998

15 07 36.1 +09 21 30; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.9'

24" (6/29/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 or 3:2, diffuse halo, faint stellar nucleus. A nice unequal 20" pair of mag 10.8/13.5 stars is 7' NE and double star STF 1910 (mag 7.3/7.5 at 3.9") is 8' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1092 = J. 1-339 on 24 May 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.

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IC 1093 = UGC 9727 = MCG +03-39-002 = CGCG 106-006 = PGC 54002

15 07 35.6 +14 32 53; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 115°

24" (6/14/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, very weak concentration, overall low surface brightness. IC 1094 lies 5' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1093 = J. 1-340, along with IC 1094, on 8 Jul 1891 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, little brighter middle." His position is 1.6' too far south (same offset as IC 1094).

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IC 1094 = MCG +03-39-006 = VIII Zw 453 = CGCG 106-008 = PGC 54006 + 54009 + 54011

15 07 42.2 +14 37 30; Boo

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (6/14/15): IC 1094 NED1 appeared very faint, very small, round, at most 15" diameter. Forms a very close triplet with PGC 54006/54009 just 22" NNE. The companions were unresolved and appeared very faint, extremely small, quasi-stellar (6" or less). IC 1093 lies 5' SSW.

Zwicky called VIII Zw 453 a "Triplet of fuzzy red elliptical galaxies" with No. 1 m(p) = 15.8, No. 2 25" NNE of No. 1; m(p) = 17.6 and No. 3 8" SE of No. 2; m(p) = 18.0.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1094 = J. 1-341, along with IC 1093, on 8 Jul 1891 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, biN" implying he noticed two of the three components.

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IC 1095 = MCG +02-39-002 = CGCG 077-019 = VIII Zw 454 = PGC 54063

15 08 35.1 +13 40 14; Boo

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (6/13/15): faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x16", low even surface brightness. Forms an interacting double system with extremely compact PGC 54062 just 28" NW.

The companion appeared extremely faint, round, just ~6" diameter, and is squeezed between IC 1095 and a mag 15.5 star just 23" W. On the SDSS, the companion is attached at the tip of a stretched spiral arm from IC 1095.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1095 = Sw. 8-85 on 26 May 1889 and recorded "eeF; S; lE; * 9m in field sf." His position is exactly 20' too far north but the 9th mag star HD 134335 fits his description and the RA matches. I'm assuming he only picked up the brighter component of this double system. Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree with this identification.

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IC 1096 = MCG +03-39-008 = CGCG 106-010 = WBL 548-001 = PGC 54050

15 08 21.6 +19 11 32; Boo

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 77°

24" (6/13/15): faint, small, round, 12" diameter. First and faintest in a trio with CGCG 106-011 (misidentified as IC 1096 in all modern sources!) 1.1' NE and IC 1097 2.3' ESE. Situated 1.2' SSE of a mag 10.3 star and 1.6' W of a mag 11.2 star! The two stars and 3 galaxies are within a 3' circle.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1096 = J. 1-342, along with IC 1097, on 20 Jul 1892. His micrometric position matches CGCG 106-010 = PGC 54050, the faintest of 3 galaxies in a trio. IC 1097 matches UGC 9735 = PGC 54059, the second brightest. Apparently either Javelle missed CGCG 106-011 = PGC 54055, the brightest in the trio, or perhaps just failed to measure a position. In any case all modern catalogues (MCG, CGCG, PGC, HyperLeda, SIMBAD, UGC Notes) misidentify CGCG 106-011 as IC 1096. Malcolm Thomson and Harold Corwin agree with this identification. See their identification files for more.

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IC 1097 = UGC 9735 = MCG +03-39-010 = CGCG 106-012 = WBL 548-003 = PGC 54059

15 08 31.3 +19 11 04; Boo

V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 58°

24" (6/13/15): faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 30"x12", small slightly brighter core. A mag 11.2 star is 0.9' NW. Largest and second brightest in a trio with fainter IC 1096 2.4' WNW and brighter CGCG 106-011 2.2' NW. A mag 10.3 star is 1' W of CGCG 106-011.

CGCG 106-011, which is misidentified as IC 1096 in all modern catalogues, is the brightest of the triplet. It appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, small bright nucleus. Flanked by a mag 11 star 1.3' SE and a mag 10.3 star 1' W, so in a 3' region there are 3 galaxies and two fairly bright stars!

UGC 9738 was picked up 8.7' NE. It appeared very faint, small, round, very low surface brightness, 20" diameter.

17.5" (6/3/00): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 40"x20". Contains a 15" brighter core with very faint extensions visible intermittently. A mag 11 star is just 0.9' NW of center. Forms a pair with MCG +03-39-009 (misidentified as IC 1096 in major catalogues) 2.2' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1097 = J. 1-343, along with IC 1096, on 20 Jul 1892. His micrometric position is accurate. See IC 1096.

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IC 1099 = UGC 9731 = MCG +09-25-021 = CGCG 297-003 = PGC 53967

15 06 54.7 +56 30 32; Dra

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.0'

24" (7/28/19): at 322x, fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, very weak concentration with a very slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is 2' SW and other stars are nearby. MCG +09-25-019 and -020 is 13' SSW.

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, round, ~0.7' diameter, weak concentration, slightly brighter core along a SW-NE axis (central bar). Bracketed by a mag 14.3 star 1.5' NE and a mag 14.5 star 1.0' SW, with a mag 15.4 star 1.7' SE. MCG +09-25-019 and -020, a very close pair of galaxies (25" separation), lies 13' S. -019 appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter and -020 was extremely faint and small, 10" diameter.

Edward Swift, Lewis Swift's teenage son, discovered IC 1099 = Sw. 9-46 on 8 Jun 1890. In his 9th discovery list Lewis reported, "eeeF; pS; R; midway betw 2 vF nr. st." The position is 2' too far SE, but the identification is nearly certain with the two stars 1' SSW and 1.5' NNE.

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IC 1100 = NGC 5881 = UGC 9729 = MCG +11-18-025 = CGCG 318-014 = PGC 54150

15 06 20.7 +62 58 52; Dra

V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 60°

17.5" (6/14/96): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 40"x30", weak concentration. Bracketed by a mag 13 star 52" SW of center and a mag 12 star 1.8' NNE. NGC identification uncertain (poor position from WH) and this galaxy is identified as IC 1100 (from Swift) in UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1100 = Sw. 9-45 on 22 Jun 1889 and logged "vF; pS; lE; bet 2 stars." His position is 1.2' NW of UGC 9729. This galaxy was probably discovered by William Herschel on 26 Apr 1789 (sweep 930) and noted H. II-818 as "pF, cL, R, very gradually brighter middle." Caroline's reduced position is 52 seconds of RA east and 2' south of UGC 9729. Dreyer notes in the 1912 "Scientific Papers", that the listed RA in GC and NGC was 2 tmin too large (the actual error is ~ 2 min 45 sec). Because of this error, Bigourdan and d'Arrest were unable to locate NGC 5881 and Swift assumed his rediscovery was new, though Dreyer noted in his "Scientific Papers of William Herschel" that "II-818 is probably = IC 1100."

UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 all label this galaxy as IC 1100 (because of the unambiguous position) instead of NGC 5881. I wrote up this case in RNGC Corrections #6 and it is discussed in Corwin's notes.

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IC 1101 = UGC 9752 = CGCG 049-023 = PGC 54167

15 10 56.1 +05 44 41; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 23°

18" (6/30/11): this supergiant cD galaxy is the central galaxy in AGC 2029 (z = .078 at 1.0 billion light years!). At 280x, it appeared very faint, very small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~15"x10". Visible continuously with averted vision. The galaxy is centered within a 9-member circlet of 12th- to 14th-magnitude stars and squeezed between a mag 14.7 star 27" E and a mag 15-15.5 star 47" WNW (just slightly south of a line connecting these stars). No other members of the cluster were seen. I also viewed IC 1101 at a similar magnification in a 24" f/3.3 and logged it as "faint, very small, oval 3:2 N-S, ~20"x14". Could just hold steadily with direct vision."

Wikipedia states this galaxy is the largest known in the universe, from 5-6 million light years. A 1991 paper by Uson, Boughn, & Kuhn (ApJ, 369, 46) gives a slightly smaller, though still extremely large diameter of 4 million light years.

Edward Swift, the son of Lewis Swift, discovered IC 1101 = Sw. 9-47 on 19 Jun 1890 at the age of 19. Lewis noted that he and Edward disagreed on the description after the telescope was moved, and as a result no description is given in Swift's 9th discovery list. In his survey of NGC/IC objects around 1900, Herbert Howe found it to be "extremely faint and very small. A star of mag 13 follows 1.5 seconds...and another precedes 2 seconds, a little north." UGC does not label their entry (UGC 9752) as IC 1101.

This is a super-giant cD in the center of AGC 2029 at a distance of 1.07 billion light years (slightly larger redshift than AGC 2065!). IC 1101 is one of the most distant galaxies discovered visually.

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IC 1102 = UGC 9754 = CGCG 049-025 = Mrk 1395 = PGC 54188

15 11 04.9 +04 17 38; Vir

V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 18°

24" (7/18/17): at 282x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 25"x12", nearly even surface brightness. Two mag 11.9 and 13.4 stars (1.4' separation) lie 2'-3' SE. Member of the USGC U690 group, which includes WBL 551 and WBL 554 and includes at least 21 galaxies to the E and NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1102 = Sw. 10-30 on 24 Jun 1891 and reported "eeeF; vS; F * with dist. com[panion] nr. nf; eee diff." His position is 2' too far SE, but there are no other nearby candidates and two stars match his description, so the identification is certain.

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IC 1103 = OGC 495 = LEDA 1584180

15 11 35.9 +19 12 28; Ser

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 178°

24" (7/1/19): at 282x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x15", very small brighter nucleus, occasional stellar nucleus. Located 15' NNW of mag 5.9 HD 134943 and 17' WSW of the bright double star STF 1919 (6.7/7.4 at 23").

This galaxy lies at a distance of 1.1 billion light years and is included in Ogle's "Catalog of the Most Optically Luminous Galaxies at z < 0.3".

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1103 = J. 1-344 on 20 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. This galaxy isn't included in the PGC and HyperLEDA only uses a LEDA designation. Megastar has it identified as a MAC.

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IC 1105 = MCG +01-39-007 = CGCG 049-053 = WBL 554-005 = PGC 54338

15 13 13.9 +04 17 15; Ser

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 94°

24" (7/18/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~30"x20", brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with CGCG 049-048 0.5' SW [33" between centers]. The companion was faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, weak stellar nucleus, ~20"x15". LEDA 3125594, situated 1.6' WNW of IC 1105, occasionally popped as an extremely faint and small glow (V = 16.2).

IC 1105 is the brightest member of the galaxy group WBL 554 (part of USGC U690), which contains 6 additional CGCG galaxies and resides at a distance of ~500 million l.y. Five of these galaxies form a chain oriented WNW-ESE and are situated ~12' N. WBL 551, a smaller group at a similar redshift, lies ~30' W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1105 = Sw. 10-31, along with IC 1102, on 24 Jun 1891. He reported "eeF; S; lE; F * nr np; 3 distant st. in a curve sf." His position is 2' too far SE, but 3 stars to the SE match his description and the identification is secure. Swift missed the companion off the southwest side.

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IC 1106 = CGCG 049-066 = PGC 54375

15 13 56.3 +04 42 39; Ser

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 34°

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; brighter and larger of a pair with IC 1107 3.2' E. Appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 40"x20". A mag 14.5-15 star is 1' E. Member of the USGC U690 group (21 galaxies) at ~500 million l.y.

CGCG 049-057, situated 11' WNW, appeared very faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 20"x15", irregular surface brightness. In a group of 4 mag 14-15 stars. A mag 10 star is 3.3' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1106 = J. 1-345, along with IC 1107, on 18 May 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1107 = CGCG 049-068 NED2 = PGC 54391 = LEDA 1272206

15 14 09.0 +04 42 52; Ser

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 141°

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is attached on the NW end. Member of the USGC U690 group (21 galaxies) with IC 1106 3.2' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1107 = J. 1-346, along with IC 1106, on 18 May 1892. His position is accurate. IC 1107 is not in the PGC. HyperLEDA misidentifies an extremely faint edge-on 2.7' NNE as IC 1107.

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IC 1108 = NGC 5882 = PK 327+10.1 = ESO 274-7 = PN G327.8+10.0

15 16 49.9 -45 38 58; Lup

V = 9.5; Size 16"x15"

See observing notes for NGC 5882

Williamina Fleming found IC 1108 on a photograph of stellar spectra at Harvard's Arequipa station and announced as a star with a spectra of the "fifth type" in 1894 (AN 3227, 195). Later that year, she reported "this object is in reality a gaseous nebula". This planetary was originally discovered by John Herschel on 27 Sep 1834 and catalogued as h3594 (later NGC 5882). The equivalence apparently went unannounced until Andris Lauberts (ESO) and Harold Corwin ran across it while scanning southern Schmidt plates.

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IC 1109 = CGCG 049-094 = PGC 54549

15 17 04.0 +05 15 22; Ser

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 4.5' ESE of a mag 10.2 star. CGCG 049-110, situated 16' ENE, also appeared fairly faint, round, 0.4' diameter, very small brighter nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1109 = Sw. 10-32 on 25 Jun 1891 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; * nr nf; eee diff."

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IC 1110 = UGC 9773 = MCG +11-19-001 = CGCG 318-022 = CGCG 3198-004 = PGC 54265

15 12 05.1 +67 21 45; UMi

V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 76°

24" (7/8/13): at 320x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.15', very small bright core, distinct stellar nucleus. Located 15' W of mag 5.1 HD 136064. The center of the Ursa Minor Dwarf galaxy is 20' SW and IC 1110 is not far off the NE end.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1110 = Sw. 7-56 on 2 Aug 1888 and noted "eeF; S; vE." His RA is 19 seconds too small but the identification is certain.

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IC 1111 = NGC 5876 = UGC 9747 = MCG +09-25-028 = CGCG 274-028 = LGG 395-002 = PGC 54110

15 09 31.6 +54 30 23; Boo

V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 50°

See observing notes for NGC 5876.

Lewis Swift found IC 1111 = Sw. 8-86 on 26 Aug 1888 and recorded "pB; S; R; triangle with 2 st." There is nothing at his position but most sources, including HyperLeda and SIMBAD, identify UGC 9800 as IC 1111. This galaxy is situated 14' ENE of Swift's position, but more importantly there are no nearby stars forming an obvious triangle. Harold Corwin noticed that NGC 5876, located 5 minutes of RA west of Swift's position, has two mag 12-13 stars 2' NW and 3' SW forming a distinctive triangle. Ironically, Swift made the original discovery on 11 Jun 1885. So, likely NGC 5876 = IC 1111. See Harold Corwin's comments on IC 1111.

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IC 1112 = CGCG 049-107 = PGC 54604

15 17 47.4 +07 13 06; Ser

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 121°

18" (7/4/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.35'. Located 20' NE of UGC 9799 in AGC 2052. CGCG 049-104 lies 3.6' SW.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1112 = Sw. 9-48 on 19 Jun 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; R." The position matches CGCG 049-107 = PGC 54604.

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IC 1115

15 22 18.9 -04 28 26; Lib

24" (7/14/20): at 375x; faint 10" pair of stars with components 14.2 and 14.8. The pair is oriented NW-SE with the brighter star on the SE side. It was easily resolved at 375x, though not obvious at 200x or less.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1115 = Sw. 8-87 on 28 May 1889 and noted "eeF; S; R; pB * nr. sf." During his survey of NGC and IC objects around 1900, Howe searched for this object and commented "I found only a double star of mags 12.5 and 13.5, with angle 315°, and distance 5". A star of mag 8.5 follows 7s, 2.5' south. The night was clear and the definition fair." The modern magnitude for the star is 10.5, but Howe's identification is nearly certain.

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IC 1116 = MCG +02-39-017 = CGCG 077-085 = WBL 566-002 = PGC 54848

15 21 55.4 +08 25 25; Ser

V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.7

18" (7/28/03): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S, 1.0'x0.8'. Contains a very small brighter core. Located 4.5' ESE of mag 8.7 SAO 120958 and ~15' SW of the rich core of AGC 2063. This galaxy is the brightest member of AGC 2063 although it is southwest of the main clump of galaxies. UGC 09821 lies 3' W.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1116 = Sw. 9-49 on 19 Jun 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R." The position matches CGCG 077-085 = PGC 54848.

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IC 1118 = IC 4543 = MCG +02-39-029 = CGCG 077-122 = Holm 709a = PGC 55035

15 24 59.5 +13 26 42; Ser

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'

14.5" (7/7/21): at 182x and 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, occasional nearly stellar nucleus. I could just hold the galaxy steadily with averted vision. A faint mag 15 star is off the WNW side, 0.7' from center. A mag 10 star is 3.7' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1118 = J. 1-349 = Sw. 11-179 on 29 Jul 1891. His position is accurate. This galaxy was found again by Swift on 3 Jun 1897 and reported as new, though his position was off by 7'. So, IC 1118 = IC 4543.

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IC 1119 = MCG +00-39-025 = CGCG 021-093 = VV 745 = PGC 55062 = LEDA 1068507

15 25 44.3 -03 39 23; Ser

Size 0.7'; PA = 149°

48" (5/9/21): IC 1119 is an interacting merger pair (separated by just 18"), with the main SW galaxy apparently a distorted spiral. At 488x, it appeared fairly faint, elongated ~2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. At the NW tip is a compact glow (LEDA 1068507), no more than 12" diameter. The tidal tails of this system were not seen. A mag 13 star is 1.2' NNE. Observation made in soft seeing.

A few nearby galaxies were viewed. LEDA 1069635, located 9' NE, was fairly faint and small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, brighter core. A faint star is superposed WNW of center. CGCG 021-095, 11' NE, was fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 20" length, bright core.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1119 = J. 2-788 on 16 Aug 1893. His position is accurate, though he apparently didn't resolve this interacting pair.

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IC 1121 = CGCG 049-166 = PGC 55152

15 27 44.1 +06 48 14; Ser

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 54°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter, possible stellar nucleus. The view is somewhat confused by a mag 14.5-15 star at the northwest edge [14" from center].

Edward Swift discovered IC 1121 = Sw. 9-50 on 19 Jun 1890 and recorded "eeeF; eS; stellar; vF * close p[receding]." The Swift's position is within 1' and the description applies to this compact galaxy. Howe noted the "vF * close p" is of mag 13.5 and is 20" distant at 315° [NW]."

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IC 1122 = PGC 1326415

15 29 23.1 +07 37 03; Ser

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (6/13/15): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Can just hold continuously with averted at 365x (6mm ZAO). Located 3' NW of NGC 5931.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1122 = Big. 192 on 4 Jun 1889 and recorded "mag 13.5; 30"-40" diameter, eF stellar nucleus." Dreyer also credited Barnard with the discovery based on his announcement of a new nebula found on 15 May 1890 while searching for the asteroid Eucharis. But Barnard's observation referred to NGC 5931 instead. HyperLeda misidentifies IC 1122 as NGC 5931, but IC 1122 = LEDA 1326415. Corwin and Thomson concur that IC 1122 is not equal to NGC 5931.

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IC 1124 = UGC 9869 = MCG +04-37-001 = CGCG 136-005 = PGC 55254

15 30 00.9 +23 38 18; Ser

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 77°

24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, ~40"x18", brighter core. A mag 15.5 star is off the WSW end [46" from center] and a 16th mag star is at the NE flank. Located 7' SSW of mag 7.6 HD 138266 and 11' S of mag 7.6 HD 138214.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1124 = Sw. 8-88 on 28 May 1889 and reported "eeF; vS; vE; 2 pB st. in field n." His RA is 30 seconds too large but the description fits. Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again and recorded J. 1367 as "pB, elongated in p.a. 250°, 30" to 40" length, mag 12-13 stellar nucleus." with an accurate position. Dreyer realized that Javelle's object was the same as IC 1124 and noted this in the IC Notes/Corrections appendix, along with Javelle's accurate position.

Swift VIII,#88. 15hr 28m 21s +23° 49'.1

Confirmed galaxy: This is not an error in the context normally found and I enter it only for the historical significance.

Javelle made an observation some 14 years after Swift and noted the presence of a nebula, (he numbered as J.1367), which he measured from the 7.3Mv star DM+24°2874 resulting in coordinates of 15hr 27m 49s +23° 48'.2 which are at quite some variance with those given by Swift as to RA. However, when this object is examined on the Palomar print there can be no doubt that despite the very inaccurate Swift coordinates this is definitely Swift's object #88 as can be established by reference to his description in which he stated "eeF; vS; vE; 2 pB st. in field n," and the south following of these 2 stars is Javelle's DM+24°2874.

Dreyer obviously concluded that the Javelle observation was a duplicate as he not only equated the two observations (Notes and Corrections to the Index Catalogue 1888-1894. NGC/IC page 377.), but he also has no reference to any identity for J.1367 in his IC II, however, he did employ Swift's coordinates which are in considerable error, fortunately the modern catalogues do not reflect this, rather their coordinates are in keeping with those given by Javelle.

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IC 1125 = UGC 9888 = VV 723 = MCG +00-40-003 = CGCG 022-012 = PGC 55388

15 33 05.6 -01 37 42; Ser

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 147°

24" (8/1/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~40"x30", broad weak concentration. The halo appears slightly irregular in shape and brightness. A mag 13 star is 1' NE.

24" (6/23/17): at 260x; fairly faint, oval 3:2 or 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~40"x25", weak concentration but no distinct core. A mag 13.3 star is 1.2' NE. Located 12' WNW of mag 8.3 HD 139514.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1125 = J. 2-789 on 10 Jun 1893. His position is on the northwest side of UGC 9888 and the identification is certain.

Harold Corwin suggests that IC 1128 (discovered by Lewis Swift on 28 May 1889) is probably IC 1125 with a 5 minute error in RA and a 5 arcmin error in declination. The CGCG identifies CGCG 022-018 = UGC 9939 as IC 1128. UGC 9939 is much closer to Swift's position (similar RA, but 12' to the north). But it has a companion (CGCG 022-017) that Corwin feels that Swift would have also picked up. Most modern sources (including HyperLeda) follow CGCG.

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IC 1127 = Arp 220 = IC 4553 = UGC 9913 = MCG +04-37-005 = CGCG 163-017 = VV 540 = PGC 55497

15 34 57.2 +23 30 10; Ser

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7

48" (5/1/19): at 375x; bright, large, contains a large uneven bright core. The halo is irregular with a hint of structure and extends mostly north of the core.

24" (6/16/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, uneven surface brightness and irregular appearance, though the core was not resolved into two components. Forms a pair with IC 4554 2.2' SE (not part of Arp 220 as generally assumed).

17.5" (4/7/89): fairly faint, almost round, even surface brightness. This is an interacting double system with an extremely faint "knot" or extension at the south end [elongated E-W on the POSS]. IC 4554 is a separate galaxy 2.2' SE of the double system observed.

Considered the prototype of a megamaser with 98% of its emission in the infrared. In addition there is a large starburst of young stars.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1127 = Sf. 7 on 4 May 1866. There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA to the west is IC 4553 (found again by Javelle in 1903). Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 4553 = IC 1127. Édouard Stephan also made observations on 26 May 1875 and 9 Jun 1877, possibly aware of Safford's prior discovery. See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's notes on this number.

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IC 1128 = UGC 9939 = MCG +00-40-004 = CGCG 022-018 = PGC 55648

15 37 52.9 -01 44 07; Ser

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 179°

24" (7/14/20): at 260x and 375x; nearly fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 25"x18", broad weak concentration to a slightly brighter round nucleus. PGC 55640, just 2.7' SW, appeared faint, small, slightly elongated, 18" diameter.

24" (8/1/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 N-S, weak concentration, 30"x24". Brighter and larger of a pair with CGCG 022-017 (2.7' SW), which appeared faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 18"x12", very small brighter nucleus. Located 13' WNW of mag 8.3 HD 139514.

This galaxy is identified as IC 1128 in CGCG, PGC and RC3 but the identification is uncertain and IC 1128 may be duplicate of IC 1125.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1128 = Sw. 8-89 on 28 May 1889 and recorded "pF; pS; R." There is nothing at his position. CGCG (and followed by PGC, RC3 and SIMBAD) identifies UGC 9939 as IC 1128. This galaxy is 11.5' due south of Swift's position but is the brightest galaxy nearby. Corwin questions this identification, though, as Swift should have noticed the companion (CGCG 022-017) 2.7' SW. Instead he suggests IC 1128 is a duplicate observation of IC 1125, nearly 5 minutes of RA to the west and 5' S.

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IC 1129 = UGC 9899 = MCG +11-19-010 = CGCG 319-019 = PGC 55330

15 32 00.8 +68 14 47; UMi

V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.85'; PA = 170°

24" (7/20/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~40" diameter. Contains a bright, round core. The halo increases in size with averted vision and changes in shape/orientation like low surface brightness spiral arms. A 25" pair of mag 11.7/12.6 stars lie 5' NE.

Edward Swift, son of Lewis Swift, discovered IC 1129 = Sw. 7-57 on 13 Jul 1887. Swift logged "vF; pS; iR; D * nr. nf." The double star is mentioned in my observation.

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IC 1130 = MCG +03-40-014 = CGCG 107-015 = PGC 55644

15 37 44.0 +17 14 40; Ser

V = 14.8; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 37°

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, low surface brightness, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE in the direction of a mag 12 star 2' NNE. Located 4.3' W of mag 8.8 HD 139495. CGCG 107-031 lies 17' WNW.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1130 = Big. 195 on 29 May 1889. His position is accurate.

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IC 1131 = MCG +02-40-008 = CGCG 078-036 = Holm 717a = PGC 55683

15 38 51.7 +12 04 50; Ser

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 153°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, broad concentration. A small trio of 14th magnitude stars is close west, with the galaxy nearly forming a parallelogram. Located 8' SE of NGC 5970.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1131 = J. 1-351 on 29 Jun 1891 and recorded "pretty faint, round, 10" diameter, stellar." Dreyer added "II. 76 [NGC 5970] np." in the IC. Javelle's position is accurate.

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IC 1132 = UGC 9965 = MCG +04-37-020 = CGCG 136-049 = LGG 403-005 = PGC 55750

15 40 06.8 +20 40 50; Ser

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'

24" (7/20/17): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large, at least 60" diameter, fairly low surface brightness, broad weak concentration, slightly brighter core but no nucleus. CGCG 136-052, located 10' SE, appeared faint, fairly small, edge-on 3:1 NNW-SSE, ~30"x10", even surface brightness. Nestled within a group of a half-dozen stars.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1132 = Sf. 9 on 9 May 1866. His position is 3' too far southwest.

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IC 1133 = UGC 9973 = MCG +03-40-027 = PGC 55793

15 41 12.2 +15 34 22; Ser

V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 130°

17.5" (6/4/94): faint, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness. Located 2.1' E of a mag 10 star that detracts from viewing. Picked up 13.6' SSW of NGC 5980.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1133 = J. 1-352 on 1 Jul 1891. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1134 = MCG +03-40-034 = CGCG 107-032 = PGC 55937

15 44 58.5 +16 57 44; Ser

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 164°

24" (6/28/22): at 263x and 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.5'x0.4', diffuse appearance with very weak concentration. A dim star is 1.2' W and a mag 9.5 star is 5' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1134 = J. 1-353 on 1 Jul 1891.

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IC 1137 = LEDA 2816978

15 48 32.6 +08 35 17; Ser

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (7/21/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, nearly even surface brightness (moderately high) except for a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 12 star is 1' NW.

CGCG 078-078, located 12.6' NNE, appeared very faint, small, round, low even surface brightness, ~15" diameter. This galaxy was surprisingly faint for mag 15.3z, but the SDSS blue mag is 16.1.

CGCG 078-079, located 16.5' NNE, appeared faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, very weak concentration, 25"x20". A mag 15.5 star is off the NE edge. This galaxy is also known as RX J1548.9+0851 (X-ray source) and it's the brightest member of a galaxy group at z = .072, corresponding to a light travel time of 962 million years!

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1137 = Sw. 9-51 on 19 Apr 1890 and reported "vF; S; R; 9m * close np." His RA is 8 seconds too small, but the identification is certain as the brighter star is 1' NW. Dreyer made a 30 second error in precessing Swift's RA, so the IC position is 22 seconds of RA too large. Harold Corwin noted this error in his IC corrections list. LEDA fails to label its LEDA 2816978 as IC 1137.

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IC 1139 = CGCG 366-017 = PGC 55236

15 29 26.1 +82 35 02; UMi

Size 0.65'x0.25'; PA = 53°

24" (6/22/17): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated ~3:2 SW-NE, 18"x12". Brighter IC 1143 lies 8' SSE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1139 = Sw. 7-58, along with IC 1143, on 18 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; eee diff.; np of 2 [with IC 1143]." His position is 1' too far NE, but clearly determines this galaxy. Nevertheless, MCG misidentifies MCG +14-07-019 (situated 8' NW of IC 1139) as IC 1139

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IC 1141 = UGC 10051 = Mrk 861 = MCG +02-40-014 = CGCG 078-081 = PGC 56141

15 49 46.9 +12 23 58; Ser

V = 13.9; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (7/21/17): at 375x and 500x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 20" diameter, contains a sharp stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is superimposed on the west side and it was difficult to simultaneously view both the nucleus and the star. A faint triple star (components 14.7/15.3/15.9 with sides 11"/14"/16") lies 3' NW. IC 1141 is located 10' SSE of mag 6.7 HD 141589.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1141 = Sw. 7-60 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "vF, vS, R.". His RA is 8 seconds too small, but matches in declination.

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IC 1142 = UGC 10055 = MCG +03-40-050 = CGCG 107-045 = PGC 56169

15 50 25.9 +18 08 22; Ser

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.75; PA = 160°

24" (6/22/17): at 200x; very faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 24' due east of mag 4.1 Kappa (35) Ser.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1142 = J. 1-356 on 27 Jun 1892. There is nothing at his position but Harold Corwin found that Javelle made a 1 minute error in his RA offset from his comparison. Once this is corrected, his position is a good match with UGC 10055.

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IC 1143 = UGC 9932 = MCG +14-07-022 = CGCG 366-018 = PGC 55279

15 30 56.0 +82 27 21; UMi

V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x1.0'

24" (6/22/17): moderately bright, small, round. Contains a high surface brightness core ~20" diameter that increases to the center, surrounded by a very low surface brightness halo perhaps 40" diameter. A mag 13 star is 50" SE of center. Brightest in a group with MCG +14-07-020 and -021 ~3' SW. IC 1139 lies 8' NNW.

MCG +14-07-020, situated 3.4' SW, appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. I didn't notice fainter MCG +14-07-021 only 0.9' E of -020, though it should be visible. CGCG 366-021, situated 13' SE, appeared extremely or very faint, round, ~30" diameter, very low surface brightness, no core or nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1143 = Sw. 7-59, along with IC 1139, on 18 Jun 1888 and recorded "pF; vS; R; * nr; sf of 2 [with IC 1139]." His position is fairly accurate.

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IC 1144 = UGC 10069 = Mrk 491 = MCG +07-33-001 = CGCG 223-006 = PGC 56216

15 51 21.7 +43 25 04; Her

V = 13.7; Size 0.75'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 107°

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~0.5'x0.4', contains a very small bright nucleus, overall high surface brightness. A mag 10.8 star is 6' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1144 = Sw. 9-52 on 7 Jun 1890. He reported "eeeF; vS; R; 9m * sf." His position is 1.7' too far north, but the identification is certains with a 10th mag. star 6' SE.

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IC 1145 = UGC 10032 = MCG +12-15-015 = MCG +12-15-015 = PGC 55904

15 44 08.5 +72 25 52; UMi

V = 14.2; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 168°

24" (6/23/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NNW-SSE, ~0.8'x0.25', broad weak concentration but no distinct core. NGC 6011 lies 19' SE.

Edward Swift discovered IC 1145 = Sw. 7-61 on 13 Jul 1887 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; Not GC 4146 [NGC 6011]." The published RA is about 2 minutes too large and the dec 1.5' too large (an error of ~10'), but there are no other nearby candidates so the identification is fairly secure. Coincidentally, the position is about 17' due north of NGC 6011, though Swift claimed "Not NGC 6011", so he apparently also viewed this galaxy. MCG fails to label its MCG +12-15-015 as IC 1145.

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IC 1146 = MCG +12-15-019 = CGCG 338-021 = PGC 56085

15 48 22.1 +69 23 08; Dra

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 105°

18" (7/10/10): fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter very small bright nucleus. Arp 109 lies 5' NNW and MCG +12-15-020 is 3.8' NNE. Located 9' SE of mag 7.5 HD 141987.

MCG +12-15-020 = PGC 56091 is extremely faint and small, round, 6" diameter (core only viewed). Situated immediately NNE of a mag 11 star.

Arp 109 consists of the interacting pair VV 291a = UGC 10053 = PGC 56057 and VV 291b = CGCG 338-020 = PGC 56063. At 285x, VV 291a appeared very faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, lower surface brightness than VV 291b just 1.8' ESE. VV 291b appeared very faint, round, 15" diameter, compact appearance.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1146 = Sw. 7-62, along with IC 1147] on 2 Aug 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; forms arc of circle with 2 st; sp of 2 [with IC 1147]." He missed the 3 fainter galaxies in the field to the north, including Arp 109.

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IC 1147 = MCG +12-15-027 = CGCG 338-027 = PGC 56159

15 50 11.7 +69 33 36; Dra

V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (7/20/17): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, weak even concentration, faint stellar nucleus. Located 5.8' ESE of mag 9.3 SAO 16866. CGCG 338-022 lies 8.6' NW and Arp 109 = UGC 10053 is 13' SW. CGCG 338-022 appeared faint or fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, faint stellar nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1147 = Sw. 7-63, along with IC 1146, on 2 Aug 1888 and reported "eeF; S; R; ee diff.; nf of 2 [with IC 1146]." His position is 1.5' too far NW, a similar offset error as IC 1146.

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IC 1148 = NGC 6020 = UGC 10100 = MCG +04-38-002 = CGCG 137-005 = LGG 403-009 = PGC 56467

15 57 08.1 +22 24 16; Ser

V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°

See observing notes for NGC 6020.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1148 = Sf. 10 on 9 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published until 1887 so Safford is not credited in the main NGC table. Édouard Stephan independently found the galaxy on 27 Jun 1876, measured an accurate position in his 7th discovery list, #2 (later NGC 6020), and was credited by Dreyer with the discovery. When Dreyer obtained Safford's list, he apparently missed the equivalence with NGC 6020 and catalogued this galaxy again as IC 1148. So, NGC 6020 = IC 1148.

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IC 1149 = UGC 10108 = MCG +02-41-001 = CGCG 079-015 = PGC 56511

15 58 08.0 +12 04 13; Ser

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 162°

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~30"x25", slightly brighter core, uneven surface brightness in halo. Located 31' SE of STF 1988, a 2" pair of evenly matched mag 7.6/7.8 stars. The pair was cleanly split at 375x.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1149 on 24 Jun 1878. His uncorrected position was 3.5' to the SW, similar to his other offset errors before the position was reduced. Stephan never published the discovery, though.

Lewis Swift rediscovered IC 1149 on 16 Jun 1892 and reported in his short discovery list 10A (#8) as "eeF, pS, R, in centre of rhombus of 4 stars, v diff." IC 1149 is surrounded by several stars, although a trapezoid is a better description. This galaxy is Swift's final catalogued discovery made in Rochester before moving to Lowe Observatory on Echo Mountain in Southern California. His first discovery there was in 1895. Interestingly, that year he discovered a comet, while searching for "the last nebula discovered at the Warner Observatory...just prior to the dismantling of that institution, had never been catalogued or published, so on the morning of August 21st, the nebula being near the meridian, it occurred to me to look it up and secure, perhaps, a more accurate position...…I saw to my astonishment a beautiful comet instead of the expected nebula." The comet's position that night was close to UGC 313, but I have no other evidence that was Swift's target.

Swift reobserved IC 1149 again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain and reported it in his 11th discovery list (#182) with a slightly different position (25 seconds of RA too small) and description ("in center of trapezium"), probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss these discoveries. Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 and suggested Swift's two entries were identical. He described the surrounding stars as a rhomboid [trapezoid] and measured the separations and position angles. All 5 objects Swift recorded as "new" that night were reobservations of objects he found in 1892, when he only reported 8 new objects in a short list between his formal 10th and 11th lists.

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IC 1151 = UGC 10113 = MCG +03-41-015 = CGCG 108-028 = KUG 1556+175 = PGC 56537

15 58 32.3 +17 26 29; Ser

V = 12.9; Size 2.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 30°

24" (6/22/17): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~1.4'x0.6', broad concentration. There is a strong suggestion of spiral structure in the halo with slightly brighter regions or arcs or spiral arms. A 4' pair of double stars (STF 1993/1994) is in the same low power field ~18' ESE; mag 8.6/8.9 at 20" and mag 10.0/12.5 at 17".

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1151 = J. 1-358 on 21 May 1870 using the 31-inch silvered glass reflector at Marseilles Observatory. His unpublished position was 30" W of center (2 seconds of time). For some reason, he didn't measure and publish an accurate micrometric position, so this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered this galaxy 21 years later on 10 Jul 1891 and included it in his first discovery list (#358, later IC 1151).

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IC 1152 = UGC 10103 = MCG +08-29-024 = CGCG 250-025 = WBL 596-002 = PGC 56450

15 56 43.3 +48 05 42; Her

V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x1.0'

24" (7/14/15): fairly bright, moderately large, round, 0.8' diameter, small bright core. In a group (WBL 596) with IC 1153 5.5' NE and CGCG 250-027 7' NE.

PGC 2309484, just 2.8' S, appeared faint, small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 17 star is very close off the north side [18" from center]. PGC 2308445, 6' to the south, was very faint and small, slightly elongated N-S, 12"x8". A mag 12.8 star lies 0.6' N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1152 = Sw. 7-65, along with IC 1153, on 4 Jul 1888 and recorded "vF; S; R; sp of 2."

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IC 1153 = UGC 10107 = MCG +08-29-026 = CGCG 250-026 = WBL 596-003 = PGC 56462

15 57 03.0 +48 10 06; Her

V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x1.1'

24" (7/14/15): moderately bright, moderately large,, round, 0.8' diameter, small brighter core. A mag 10.6 star lies 1.3' NE with CGCG 250-027 just north of the star. In a group (WBL 596) with IC 1152 5.5' SW.

CGCG 250-027 appeared faint or fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W. Contains a very small bright nucleus with faint extensions E-W (bar?).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1153 = Sw. 7-66, along with IC 1152, on 4 Jul 1888 and recorded "pF; pS; R; bM, pB * nr nf, nf of 2."

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IC 1154 = UGC 10088 = MCG +12-15-035 = CGCG 338-029 = PGC 56273

15 52 28.6 +70 22 31; UMi

V = 13.5; Size 1.8'x1.2'; PA = 142°

24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately bright, round, ~30" diameter, well concentrated with a bright core, faint stellar nucleus. Flanked by a mag 13 star 1.2' NW and a mag 14.5 star 1.3' S. Located 31' SW of NGC 6048.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1154 = Sw. 7-64 on 2 Jul 1888 and reported "vF; pS; R." His position is unusually accurate.

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IC 1155 = MCG +03-41-023 = PGC 56648

16 00 35.8 +15 41 08; Ser

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5

24" (8/12/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, low nearly even surface brightness with a very weak concentration. Located 3' ENE of a mag 8 star (HD 143551). Forms an equilateral triangle with a mag 12.8 star 2' E and a similar star 2' N.

24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 15.8 star was noted just off the east-southeast edge [34" from center]. Located 3.1' ENE of mag 7.9 SAO 101868. IC 1161 is 10' ESE and CGCG 108-038 is 6' NW.

24" (6/28/14): faint to fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 40" diameter, weak concentration, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 15.8 star is 30" SE of center, just off the edge. Situated 3.2' ENE of mag 7.9 HD 143551, which interferes a bit with viewing. Member of AGC 2147.

17.5" (7/21/90): faint, small, slightly elongated 4:3 NW-SE, even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is at the SE end. Located 3.1' ENE of a mag 8 SAO 101868. IC 1161 lies 12' ESE. Member of AGC 2147.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1155 = J. I-359, along with ICs 1150, 1157, 1160, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches MCG +03-41-023 = PGC 56648.

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IC 1156 = MCG +03-41-025 = CGCG 108-044 = PGC 56650

16 00 37.4 +19 43 23; Her

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30"-35" diameter. Contains a fairly high surface brightness core and a thin halo. A very faint mag 15.5 star is superimposed on the south side and a mag 14 star is 1.3' SSW.

CGCG 108-040, located 17' SSW, appeared faint, small, round, low even surface brightness, 15" diameter.

CGCG 108-053, located 18' SSE, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus. A mag 10.5 star is 3.2' W and a mag 9.6 star is 5' S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1156 = Sw. 7-67 on 15 Jun 1888 and reported "eeF; pS; lE; triangled with 2 nr. st. n[orth]." His position is accurate, though I assume he is referring to the mag 11 star north and the mag 10 star due west.

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IC 1157 = MCG +03-41-031 = CGCG 108-047 = WBL 600-001 = PGC 56680

16 00 56.3 +15 31 35; Ser

V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.35'; PA = 135°

24" (6/13/15): at 375x; faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", low even surface brightness. In AGC 2147 with IC 1160 2.4' SE, IC 1163 is 8.4' ESE and IC 1161 is 8.7' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1157 = J. I-360, along with ICs 1155, 1160, 1161, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches CGCG 108-047 = PGC 56680.

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IC 1158 = UGC 10133 = MCG +00-41-002 = PGC 56723

16 01 34.1 +01 42 28; Ser

V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 137°

17.5" (6/11/88): very faint, large, diffuse oval NW-SE. Several stars are nearby north and south including a mag 12 star 3.1' NE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1158 = Sw. 10-33 on 7 July 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While searching for Wolf's comet of 1884 he found a nebula described in his logbook as "vF, R, 1' dia, very gradually brighter middle, an 8m star 22' exactly following." His rough position (no offsets) and the description clearly applies to this galaxy. Barnard found it again less than a month later (4 Aug), looking for d'Arrest's Comet! Lewis Swift made an independent discovery on 17 July and reported the discovery in his 10th list. Barnard never published the discovery or informed Dreyer, so Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 1160 = MCG +03-41-032 = CGCG 108-051 = WBL 600-002 = PGC 56683

16 01 02.5 +15 29 41; Ser

V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 140°

24" (6/13/15): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 18"x12". This member of AGC 2147 is situated 2.5' SE of slightly brighter IC 1157 and 6.8' WSW of brighter IC 1163.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1160 = J. 362, along with ICs 1155, 1157, 1161, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1161 = MCG +03-41-036 = CGCG 108-054 = PGC 56695

16 01 16.8 +15 38 43; Ser

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.7

24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, slightly brighter nucleus, ~22"x18". IC 1155 is 10' WNW, IC 1163 is 9' SSE, IC 1157 is 9' SW, IC 1160 is 10' SSW.

24" (6/28/14): fairly faint, small, round, 20", fairly high surface brightness, weak concentration.

17.5" (7/21/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, small bright core. Forms a pair with IC 1155 12' WNW in AGC 2147.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1161 = J. I-363, along with ICs 1155, 1157, 1160, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches CGCG 108-054 = PGC 56695.

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IC 1162 = VV 452 = KUG 1559+178 = MCG +03-41-034 = CGCG 108-056 = PGC 56693

16 01 16.3 +17 40 40; Her

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 161°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter, low surface brightness, no noticeable core. Located 8' due south of 5.1-magnitude 5 Her. The view was significantly improved with the bright star placed outside the field.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1162 = J. 1-364 on 27 Jun 1892 and recorded "very faint, very small, round, difficult. Another suspected nearby." His position is accurate.

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IC 1163 = MCG +03-41-039 = CGCG 108-060 = WBL 600-003 = PGC 56717

16 01 30.5 +15 30 14; Ser

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (6/13/15): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. IC 1160 lies 7' WSW, IC 1157 is 8.4' WNW, IC 1161 is 9.2' NNW. Member of AGC 2147.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1163 = J. I-365, along with ICs 1155, 1157, 1160, 1161 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches CGCG 108-060 = PGC 56717.

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IC 1165 = VV 90 = CGCG 108-067 = MCG +03-41-048 = MCG +03-41-049 = PGC 56769 = PGC 56768

16 02 08.2 +15 41 38; Her

V = 13.7; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (6/13/15): at 375x; the brighter northwest component (VV 90a = PGC 56769) of IC 1165 appeared faint, very small, round, 18" diameter. The southeast component (VV 90b = PGC 56768) appeared extremely to very faint, very small, round, ~10" diameter. Both galaxies share a small common halo with the centers of this merged system separated by just 14"!

24" (6/28/14): at 375x and 500x, the main component (VV 90a) of this merged double system appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, contains a stellar nucleus. The fainter companion (VV 90b) is attached at the south edge, and appears as a very faint, quasi-stellar knot [nucleus of the galaxy], ~5" diameter. Overall, the combined merged glow is ~30"x20", oriented NNW-SSE, containing two stellar nuclei. Member of AGC 2147.

VV 91a lies 1.8' SW and appeared extremely to very faint, round, just 6" diameter. Located just 21" NNW of a mag 12.9 star. The fainter companion (VV 91b) off the NE edge was not seen.

17.5" (7/21/90): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, weak concentration. Three mag 13 stars almost collinear in a 3.5' string NW-SE located about 2' W. This is a merged double system that was not resolved. Forms a pair with MCG +03-41-50 1' NNE in AGC 2147.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1165 = J. I-366, along with ICs 1155, 1157, 1160, 1161 and 1163, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches CGCG 108-067 = PGC 56769, although CGCG (108-067) doesn't label this galaxy as IC 1165.

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IC 1166 = CGCG 137-018 = Mrk 867 = PGC 56771 = LEDA 1771884

16 02 08.9 +26 19 38; CrB

Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 0°

24" (6/29/22): IC 1166 is a small, interacting pair over 950 million l.y. distant, with the centers separated by just 15" N-S. At 327x, a faint elongated glow was visible just 0.5' W of a mag 15 star. At 375x, the glow was irregular and the northern nucleus could be seen. The southern galaxy generally appeared as a very low surface brightness extension but occasionally it barely resolved into a separate glow. A mag 9.5 star is 4.5' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1166 on 28 Jul 1892. This is a double system and according to Harold Corwin, his position falls between the two galaxies.

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IC 1167 = MCG +03-41-065 = PGC 56900

16 03 52.8 +14 56 47; Ser

V = 14.7; Size 0.5'x0.5'

18" (7/12/10): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. First in a group of galaxies including IC 1168 2.7' SE, UGC 10169 12' SE and UGC 10164 13' SE. Forms a close pair with LEDA 3858573 1.0' NE, an extremely faint and small glow, roughly 6" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1167 = J. 1-368 on 8 Jul 1891.

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IC 1168 = MCG +03-41-066 = CGCG 108-090N = PGC 56901

16 03 55.7 +14 54 09; Ser

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.45'

18" (7/12/10): very faint, very small, round, 15" galaxy. Located just south of a trio of mag 12/13/14 stars and 3.7' NW of a mag 10 star. IC 1167 lies 2.7' NNW and the UGC 10164/10169 lies 10' SE. The companion just off the southeast edge (LEDA 3858574) was not seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1168 = J. 1-369 on 19 Jul 1891 and recorded "pF, vS, iF, 3 F st north. Possibly double." As Javelle suspected, this galaxy is double with a companion off the southeast edge.

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IC 1169 = UGC 10161 = MCG +02-41-004 = CGCG 079-033 = PGC 56925

16 04 13.4 +13 44 38; Ser

V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 10°

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly oval 4:3 N-S, 35"x25", sharply concentrated with a small intense nucleus and a fairly small diffuse halo.

UGC 10176, a flat edge-on, lies 12' ESE. It appeared very faint and thin, ~7:1 WSW-ENE, ~40"x6", very low surface brightness, slightly brighter (elongated) core region. A mag 13.1 star is 1' N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1169 = Sw. 7-68 = Sw. 8-90 on 16 May 1888 and reported "eF; eS; R; stellar nearly bet. 2 distant F st." The two distant stars in his description may be 4.8' due N and 5.6' S. He probably found this galaxy again on 28 May 1889 and reported it as new in his 8th list with description "eF; vS; stellar; pB * n little f[ollowing]." His position was 3.6' too far NE, but the star 4.8' N matches.

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IC 1170 = CGCG 108-101s = PGC 56955

16 04 31.7 +17 43 17; Her

V = 16.5; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 84°

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; very faint, small, elongated 3:1 E-W, 20"x6". Located 1.0' of the double system NGC 6041 in the central region of AGC 2151.

17.5" (5/13/88): extremely faint and small, elongated E-W, required averted vision. Located just 1.0' W of the NGC 6041A/B double system and 2.0' SSE of NGC 6040A/B in the core of AGC 2151.

17.5" (3/23/85): at visual threshold, extremely small. Just visible momentarily 0.9' W of NGC 6041.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1170 = J. 1-370 on 27 Jun 1892.

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IC 1172 = NGC 6044 = MCG +03-41-084 = CGCG 108-110 = PGC 57015

16 04 59.7 +17 52 13; Her

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0

24" (8/1/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.4' WSW. PGC 57020 lies 2.4' S, LEDA 84714 is 5.6' WSW and PGC 57055 is 5.5' ESE.

17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, round. A mag 14 star lies 1.4' WSW. Located 5.6' N of NGC 6043 in the core of AGC 2151.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1172 = Big. 199 on 8 Jun 1888. Harold Corwin notes his "position and description are exactly that of NGC 6044, the identity is certain." NGC 6044 was discovered by Swift on 27 Jun 1886 and reported in his 4th discovery list, along with several other members of the Hercules Galaxy Cluster. His description reads "eeF; vS; R; vf * nr p[receding]; 5th of 10." and his position is 10 seconds west of CGCG 108-110 = PGC 57015. CGCG labels the galaxy as IC 1172, though MCG uses NGC 6044. In any case, IC 1172 = NGC 6044.

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IC 1173 = UGC 10180 = MCG +03-41-089 = CGCG 108-133 = PGC 57037

16 05 12.6 +17 25 22; Her

V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 or 5:3 SW-NE, 25"x15", low surface brightness with no noticeable core or nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2' SSE. IC 1186 lies 8' SE and CGCG 108-108 is 6.6' WNW (among other nearby members of AGC 2151).

17.5" (6/8/96): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms western vertex of a triangle with two mag 11 and 12 stars 2.2' SSE and 3.1' NE. Located 20' S of NGC 6047 in the southern portion of AGC 2151. IC 1186 lies 8.4' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1173 = J. 1-371 on 15 Aug 1892. His position is 0.7' too far south-southeast.

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IC 1174 = UGC 10185 = MCG +03-41-091 = CGCG 108-116 = PGC 57059

16 05 26.8 +15 01 31; Ser

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 50°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, 40"x32", broad concentration. No distinct core but a slightly brighter nucleus with direct vision. Picked up 18' NE of the Arp 101 pair.

18" (7/12/10): this surprisingly bright IC galaxy appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. Increases steadily to the center. Arp 101 (UGC 10164 + UGC 10169) lies 18' SW.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1174 = Sf. 77 on 26 Apr 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He recorded "pF, S, bM, N = 12.5m." and his position is accurate.

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IC 1176 = NGC 6056 = MCG +03-41-100 = CGCG 108-122 = PGC 57075

16 05 31.3 +17 57 49; Her

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 56°

18" (7/13/07): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, broad and very weak concentration.

17.5" (5/13/88): faint, small, round, broad concentration. Forms a pair with MCG +03-41-096 3' SSW. This is one of the brighter galaxies in AGC 2151.

Lewis Swift found IC 1176 = Sw. 7-69 on 8 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS iR; 2 pB star near south." His position is a good match with NGC 6056, which Swift had discovered exactly two years earlier! The positions for Swift's two observations are nearly identical and his description of VII-69 clearly applies to CGCG 108-122. So, NGC 6056 = IC 1176.

CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 1176, though the NGC designation should apply by prior discovery.

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IC 1177 = PGC 57048

16 05 19.8 +18 18 55; Her

V = 15.5; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 164°

24" (7/1/22): at 327x; very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, 0.3' diameter, low even surface brightness. Member of the Hercules Galaxy Cluster (AGC 2151) and situated on the north side of the cluster.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1177 = Big. 201 on 8 Jun 1888 and reported "mag 13.5. Located near 3111 BD -18°, at 345°, d = 4'." This galaxy is located 3.4' in PA 339° from his offset star (based on the POSS1 image), so is a good match with his estimate, though I'm frankly amazed he apparently picked it up in a 12.4" refractor.

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IC 1178 = Arp 172 NED1 = VV 194a = IC 1181A = UGC 10188 = MCG +03-41-097 = CGCG 108-120n = PGC 57062

16 05 33.1 +17 36 05; Her

V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.9

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 5:4 or 4:3, ~40"x25". Sharply concentrated with a small high surface brightness core and a low surface brightness halo with averted vision. Forms an interacting pair (Arp 172) with IC 1181 [30" between centers] in AGC 2151.

PGC 57042 lies 5.6' SW. This dim edge-on (V = 15.9) appeared extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 20"x10", very low surface brightness. A mag 12 star is 0.8' NW and a mag 13 star is 1' NE.

17.5" (5/13/88): faint, small, round, bright core. Brighter of a close pair with IC 1181 20" SE. Located 12' S of IC 1182 in AGC 2151.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1178 = Sw. 7-70, along with IC 1181, on 3 Jun 1888 and noted "eeeF; pS; bet 2 st. 10th of 12." His position is 2' west of Arp 172 and IC 1178 is generally assumed to be the northwest member of this close pair, with IC 1181 the southeast member. Although this galaxy lies between 2 stars, his comment can be made to apply to most galaxies. Corwin states that "Swift's position is not very good, and the fact that he does not mention either object in his description of the other, casts some doubt on the identification." Gerard de Vaucouleurs called this galaxy IC 1181A in the "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies" (RC1). See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 1179 = NGC 6050 = Arp 272 = VV 220 = UGC 10186 = MCG +03-41-092 = CGCG 108-118 = PGC 57058 = PGC 57053

16 05 23.4 +17 45 32; Her

V = 14.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 132°

48" (5/15/12): this number is generally taken as the fainter, southwest component of the interacting and connected pair NGC 6050 in AGC 2151. It appeared as a faint, diffuse glow attached to the southwest side of the brighter component, but was not individually resolved at 375x. There was a very weak central brightening and a very faint nucleus.

Lewis Swift found IC 1179 = Sw. 7-71 on 3 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R. 11th of 12." His position falls very close to the merged double system NGC 6050, discovered by Swift on 27 Jun 1886, and catalogued in his 4th discovery paper (#26). PGC, SIMBAD and HyperLeda assign IC 1179 to the much fainter southwest component (NGC 6050B), but Corwin, Malcolm Thomson and I doubt that Swift could have resolved the pair. Additionally Swift described NGC 6050A as "eeeF" (at his limit) but NGC 6050B is much fainter and furthermore he makes no mention of the nebula being double! So, almost certainly IC 1179 is a duplicate observation of NGC 6050. In the IC, Dreyer questioned if IC 1179 was a duplicate of NGC 6054 (it's not) and this is repeated in several sources such as Carlson.

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IC 1181 = Arp 172 NED2 = VV 194b = UGC 10189 = MCG +03-41-098 = CGCG 108-120s = PGC 57063

16 05 33.8 +17 35 37; Her

V = 14.8; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 58°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12" diameter [core of the galaxy only]. Fainter component of an interacting pair (Arp 172) with brighter IC 1178 30" NNW.

17.5" (5/13/88): extremely faint and small, possibly elongated. Forms a very close pair 20" SE of IC 1178 in AGC 2151.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1181 = Sw. 7-72, along with IC 1178, on 3 Jun 1888 and noted "eeeF; S; R. 12th of 12." His position is a good match with PGC 57063, the southeast component of douby system Arp 172. But Harold Corwin warns for IC 1178, "... the fact that he does not mention either object in his description of the other, casts some doubt on the identification." Gerard de Vaucouleurs called this galaxy IC 1181B in the "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies" (RC1).

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IC 1182 = UGC 10192 = MCG +03-41-104 = CGCG 108-126 = Mrk 298 = PGC 57084

16 05 36.8 +17 48 08; Her

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 80°

48" (5/5/16): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, contains a bright core that increases to the center. A mag 14 star is 1.3' W and a mag 17.8 star was occasionally visible [34"] east.

The brightest knot or condensation (likely a tidal dwarf galaxy) in the tidal tail was faintly visible 1.2' due east of IC 1182. It was generally visible as a very faint, small glow, slightly elongated E-W, ~10"x7". NED identifies this galaxy as IC 1182:[S72] d from the 1972 paper by Alan Stockton titled "Blue Condensations Associated with Elliptical and S0 Galaxies". This "knot" formed the western vertex of an obtuse isosceles triangle with a mag 17 star 40" NE and a mag 15 star 40" SE. The portion of the tidal tail extending directly out of IC 1182 (past the mag 17.8 star) was not seen.

48" (5/15/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, irregularly round, ~20" diameter, brighter nucleus. Located 1.4' E of a mag 14.3 star. Similar NGC 6054 lies 2.0' S. The jet extending out of the east side of the galaxy and the blue knots 1.2' E were not noticed (though not looked for).

17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, slightly elongated. Situated between two mag 14.5 stars 1.4' W of center and a mag 15 star following. Easier than IC 1183 2.1' SSE and NGC 6054 2.5' SW in AGC 2151. IC 1185 lies 5.4' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1182 = J. 1-372 on 11 Aug 1892. According to Harold Corwin in his Abell 2151 article, IC 1184 is a double or triple star 1.6' SE. The UGC questions if IC 1182 = IC 1184, which is does not.

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IC 1183 = NGC 6054 = MCG +03-41-103 = CGCG 108-128 = PGC 57086

16 05 38.1 +17 46 04; Her

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 70°

48" (5/15/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, oval 4:3 WSW-ENE, 20"x15". Located 1.0' NE of a mag 12.6 star with a mag 16 star 1' S. Brighter IC 1182 lies 2.1' NNW, fainter PGC 1541356 is 40" NE and MCG +03-41-099 (often identified as NGC 6054) is 1.8' W. NGC 6054 is identified as IC 1183 in most sources

17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, slightly elongated. Located 1.0' NE of a mag 12.5 star. An extremely faint galaxy (MCG +03-41-099) is 1.5' W with IC 1182 2.1' NNW. Member of AGC 2151.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1183 = Big. 203 = J. 372a on 1 Jun 1888. Stephane Javelle picked it up again on 11 Aug 1892, as well as IC 1182. But the original discovery was made by Lewis Swift on 27 Jun 1886, along with several other members of the Hercules Galaxy Cluster. His description for Sw. 4-27 (later NGC 6054) reads "eeeF; pS; lE; f * v nr sp; 9th of 10." His position is 13 seconds west of CGCG 108-128 = PGC 57073 (similar offset as NGC 6043, 6045, 6047, 6050) and his comment "faint star very near south-preceding" applies (the star is 1' southwest). So, NGC 6054 = IC 1183. Due to Swift's poor position MCG, PGC and RNGC misidentify CGCG 108-121 as NGC 6054 and the galaxy described here is called IC 1183. See NGC 6054 for more.

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IC 1185 = MCG +03-41-110 = CGCG 108-134 = PGC 57096

16 05 44.7 +17 43 01; Her

V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 8°

48" (4/5/13): bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 N-S, ~28"x21", small bright core. NGC 6054 lies 3.4' NNW. A mag 15 star is 1' SE.

17.5" (5/13/88): faint, small, round, small bright core. A mag 15 star lies 1.1' SE of center. Located 5.4' SSE of IC 1182 in the core of AGC 2151.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1185 = Big. 205 on 8 Jun 1888 and noted "star 13.3 accompanied with nebulosity of 20" diameter." His position is accurate.

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IC 1186 = MCG +03-41-111 = CGCG 108-133 = PGC 57095

16 05 44.2 +17 21 44; Her

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 5°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, 30"x20". A fairly prominent string of 4 stars oriented SW-NE is just following. IC 1173 lies 8.4' NW and IC 1188 is 8' NE.

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", low even surface brightness. Located in the southern section of AGC 2151 just preceding a striking elongated group of 10 mag 9-13 star oriented SW-NE. IC 1173 lies 8.4' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1186 = J. 1-373 on 15 Aug 1892. His position is off the southeast side (similar offset error as other galaxies). CGCG doesn't recognize CGCG 108-133 as IC 1186.

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IC 1188 = PGC 57127

16 06 07.3 +17 27 39; Her

V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 7°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. Located 12' SE of IC 1178 in the southern part of the core of AGC 2151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1188 = J. 1-374 on 15 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. This is a double system and NED identifes the brighter northwest component as IC 1188A.

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IC 1189 = MCG +03-41-119 = CGCG 108-144 = Mrk 300 = PGC 57135

16 06 14.8 +18 10 58; Her

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 179°

24" (8/1/19): at 324x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.5 star is 1.3' N with three other galaxies (UGC 10195, CGCG 108-139 and NGC 6061) are within 6'.

24" (6/14/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~21"x14", very small bright nucleus. Located 4' S of brighter NGC 6061 and between a mag 10.6 star 1.3' N and a mag 11 star 2' SSW.

18" (7/13/07): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 4' S of NGC 6061 and situated between a mag 10.5 star 1.2' N and a mag 11.5 star 2.1' SSW.

17.5" (6/14/96): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Can almost hold steadily with averted vision. Located 1.2' S of a mag 10 star in AGC 2151. Brighter NGC 6061 is 4' N and MCG +03-41-115 3.5' WNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1189 = Sw. 7-73 on 7 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; iR; bet. 2 st." His RA is 5 seconds too small, but the comment "bet 2 st[ars]" clinches the identification.

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IC 1190 = UGC 10195 = MCG +03-41-113 = CGCG 108-136 = PGC 57111

16 05 52.4 +18 13 14; Her

V = 14.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 120°

24" (8/1/19): at 324x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 30"x15", weak concentration. In a group of 4 galaxies with CGCG 108-139 2.3' SE.

24" (6/14/15): at 375x; very faint to faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.2', low even surface brightness. Located 6' WSW of NGC 6061. A mag 10.5 is near the midpoint between the two galaxies.

18" (7/13/07): extremely faint, fairly small, very low even surface brightness, edge-on 7:2 WSW-ESE, 40"x12". Located 2.9' WSW of a mag 10.5 star. MCG +03-41-115 lies 2.5' SE.

17.5" (6/14/96): extremely faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20", low even surface brightness. Located 3' W of a mag 10.5 star and 6' SW of NGC 6061 in the northeast portion of AGC 2151. Similar MCG +03-41-115 lies 2.4' SE.

17.5" (5/28/89): extremely faint, fairly small, very diffuse. Located 5.9' WSW of NGC 6061 within AGC 2151. MCG +3-41-115 = CGCG 108-139 2.4' SE not seen.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1190 = Sw. 7-74 on 7 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; another [IC 1191] and [NGC] 6061 nr in line." Corwin notes there is nothing close to Swift's position (other than NGC 6061 itself) but "his description "... another [= IC 1191] and [NGC] 6061 near in line" points to this galaxy [UGC 10195] (rather than to the fainter, smaller object at 16 03 45.6, +18 19 48) as the one he saw." Modern sources label this galaxy as UGC 10195 only, instead of IC 1190.

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IC 1191 = PGC 57152

16 06 28.7 +18 16 04; Her

Size 0.5'x0.1'; PA = 164°

24" (6/14/15): very faint, small, 18" diameter, no structure (not seen as double). Located 3.3' NE of NGC 6061 in the north section of AGC 2151.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1191 = Sw. 7-75 on 7 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; another [IC 1190] and [NGC] 6061 nr in line." Although his position for IC 1190 is poor, his position for IC 1191 is just 7 seconds of RA too small. Harold Corwin gives the dimensions of the brighter component as 27"x7" in PASP, Vol 83 and notes "IC 1191 is also a double object similar to IC 1188 (separation = 11 arcseconds). The fainter companion lies at R.A. 16h 04m 14.8s, +18° 24' 6'' (1950)."

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IC 1192 = PGC 57157

16 06 33.1 +17 46 32; Her

V = 15.3; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 114°

24" (7/9/13): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.4'x0.2'. Forms the west vertex of a small equilateral triangle with IC 1194 1.7' SE and IC 1194A 1.3' ENE in the eastern portion of the Hercules cluster AGC 2151.

17.5" (6/8/96): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.7' NW of brighter IC 1194 at the east end of AGC 2151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1192 = J. 1-375, along with IC 1193 and IC 1194, on 13 Aug 1892.

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IC 1193 = PGC 57155

16 06 32.2 +17 42 50; Her

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 2°

24" (7/9/13): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~20"x12", weak concentration. Forms a close pair with PGC 84738 1.0' NE (noted as extremely to very faint, very small, slightly elongated, 10"x7"). A mag 16 star lies 1.5' SW. A small trio consisting of IC 1192, 1194 and 1194A is less than 4' NNE.

17.5" (6/8/96): extremely faint, very small. Appears double or companion very close? Furthest south in trio with IC 1194 3.3' NE and IC 1192 3.7' N at the east end of AGC 2151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1193 = J. 1-376, along with IC 1192 and 1194, on 13 Aug 1892. His position is nearly 1' too far north -- an unusually large error as his position for IC 1192 is accurate.

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IC 1194 = MCG +03-41-128 = CGCG 108-152 = PGC 57172

16 06 39.3 +17 45 40; Her

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°

24" (7/9/13): at 282x this AGC 2151 member appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 20" diameter, gradually increases to the center. Brightest in a small trio with IC 1192 1.7' NW and IC 1194A = PGC 84742 1.3' N. Also nearby is IC 1193 3.3' SSW.

IC 1194A is located at Javelle's position for IC 1194, not the brighter galaxy 80" S (described above) that is generally assumed to be IC 1194. It's possible Javelle assumed the brighter galaxy was a star, though it was clearly nonstellar in my scope at 282x. IC 1194A appeared faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter.

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round. Brightest in a trio with IC 1192 1.7' NW and IC 1193 3.3' SW at the east end of AGC 2151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1194 = J. 1-377, along with IC 1192 and 1193, on 13 Aug 1892. His position is a good match with the fainter lenticular 1.4' NE of IC 1192, which is commonly identified as IC 1194A = PGC 84742. His position is also 1' north of the brighter elliptical (CGCG 108-152 = PGC 57172), which is described in my notes. CGCG 108-152 is identified as IC 1194 in most modern sources. Perhaps Javelle made a 1' error in measuring the offset from his comparison star? Interestingly, his offset is 1' too far north for nearby IC 1193 adding some support to this suggestion.

Corwin comments that "Perhaps he mistook the brighter object as a star, though it should have been clearly nebulous in the Nice 28-inch." Malcolm Thomson and Corwin both identify IC 1194 = PGC 84742 based on the positional match, though the data here is for CGCG 108-152 as I'm not convinced.

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IC 1195 = MCG +03-41-126 = CGCG 108-151 = PGC 57175

16 06 40.9 +17 11 30; Her

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 30"x20". Following a parallelogram of four mag 10-12 stars (closest is 2.0' SW) at the SE edge of AGC 2151.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1195 = J. 1-378 on 23 Jun 1892.

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IC 1196 = UGC 10218 = MCG +02-41-009 = CGCG 079-055 = PGC 57246

16 07 58.3 +10 46 46; Ser

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 4°

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~40"x24", brighter core. The surface brightness is slightly patchy and the outer extensions [spiral arms] increase in length with averted. Situated 2.4' NW of mag 9.3 SAO 101948. A mag 13.7/15.5 pair of stars at ~20" separation is 1' SE.

UGC 10213, situated 23' SSW, appeared faint to fairly faint, moderately large, irregularly round, ~1.0'x0.8'. A slightly brighter core seems a bit elongated.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1196 = Sw. 7-76 on 7 Apr 1888 and reported "eeeF; nr. p[receding] * of 3 in a line." His position and description matches this galaxy, though Howe apparently missed the nearest and faintest of the 3 stars (MN, Nov. 1900).

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IC 1197 = UGC 10219 = MCG +01-41-013 = CGCG 051-052 = FGC 1989 = PGC 57261

16 08 17.3 +07 32 19; Ser

V = 13.7; Size 3.0'x0.45'; PA = 56°

24" (6/16/12): faint to fairly faint, fairly large thin edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, 1.8'x0.3', broad concentration, very slightly bulging center and tapering tips.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1197 on 14 Jul 1890 with the Vienna 27-inch refractor. His micrometric position in AN 2993 matches UGC 10219. UGC doesn't label UGC 10219 as IC 1197.

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IC 1198 = MCG +02-41-011 = CGCG 079-059 = Mrk 871 = PGC 57273

16 08 36.4 +12 19 51; Ser

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 111°

24" (7/1/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 12' ESE of mag 7.3 HD 144905.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1198 = J. 1-379 on 29 Jun 1891. He noted "faint, very small, round, 13th mag nucleus." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 1199 = UGC 10242 = MCG +02-41-013 = CGCG 079-070 = PGC 57373

16 10 34.3 +10 02 25; Ser

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 158°

24" (6/14/15): fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.3', slightly brighter along the major axis. Located just 2' W of mag 7.5 HD 145436, which detracts from viewing. A mag 12 star is 1' NW of center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1199 = Sw. 9-55 on 28 Jun 1890. He recorded "eeF; S; E; p. DM +10°2969, 9s; ee diff. in consequence of proximity to the star. Found searching for D'Arrest Comet." E.E. Barnard also found it just a few nights later (4 Jul 1890), also while searching for the comet. He made a simple sketch showing the nearby stars and his computed position (using the bright star) is an exact match. In his logbook entry for 7 Jul, he noted "Swift in looking for d'Arrest's Comet reports finding a new nebula 9s p (on same parallel) the 9.5m star DM +10°2969 and says it is the faintest neb he has ever seen."

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IC 1200 = NGC 6079 = UGC 10206 = MCG +12-15-050 = CGCG 338-043 = PGC 56946

16 04 29.0 +69 40 05; UMi

V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°

17.5" (3/28/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, brighter core. A mag 14 star is 1.1' SSE. Forms a pair with IC 1201 7.7' SE.

Lewis Swift found IC 1200 = Sw. 7-77 on 2 Aug 1888 and recorded "pF pS; lE; *12 mag p close s; sp of 2 [with IC 1201]." His position matches UGC 10206 = PGC 56946, although IC 1201 is southeast. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 6 May 1791 (sweep 1005) and noted H. III-884 (later NGC 6079) as "vvF, vS, 300 verified it very plainly, and showed it of a considerable size." His position, though, was 1 min of RA east and 2' too far south (similar offset as H. III 883 = NGC 6071, the previous object in the sweep). Bigourdan later measured an accurate position on 18 Jul 1884 (repeated in the IC 2 notes). So, IC 1200 = NGC 6071.

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IC 1201 = UGC 10221 = MCG +12-15-051 = CGCG 338-044 = PGC 57104

16 05 41.8 +69 35 37; UMi

V = 14.7; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 118°

17.5" (4/18/87): extremely faint, small, edge-on NW-SE, difficult with averted vision. Located 7.7' SE of NGC 6079 on the Ursa Minor-Draco border.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1201 = Sw. 7-78 on 2 Aug 1888 and logged "eeeF; pS; iR; eee diff.; double star nr points to it; nf of 2 [with IC 1200]." The double star is probably the pair 3' northwest. The second galaxy IC 1200 is NGC 6079, although it is north-preceding, so IC 1201 is the "sf of 2".

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IC 1202 = NGC 6081 = UGC 10272 = MCG +02-41-019 = CGCG 079-078 = PGC 57506

16 12 56.8 +09 52 02; Her

V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 131°

See observing notes for NGC 6081

Lewis Swift found IC 1202 = Sw. 7-79 on 7 Apr 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R." His position matches UGC 10272 = PGC 57506. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Édouard Stephan on 26 Jul 1870 and catalogued as St. II-1 (later NGC 6081). Dreyer missed the equivalence but IC 1202 = NGC 6081.

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IC 1204 = MCG +12-15-053 = CGCG 338-046 = PGC 57206

16 07 15.5 +69 55 53; UMi

Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 64°

24" (6/14/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.2', brighter core but no nucleus. Forms a pair with brighter NGC 6091 3.6' SE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1204 = Big. 207 on 25 Mar 1889 and logged "mag 13.4-13.5; 20" diameter; stellar nucleus, a star mag 11 in pa 100° [ESE], distance = 3'." His Comptes Rendus position (used in the IC 1) is 19' too far south, but the position was corrected in the IC 2 Notes. The CGCG and MCG ignore the IC designation, which is not in doubt. See Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 1205 = MCG +02-41-022 = CGCG 079-084 = PGC 57574

16 14 15.9 +09 32 14; Her

V = 13.9; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, round, 0.4' diameter, slightly brighter core appears slightly elongated N-S [SDSS reveals a central bar oriented N-S]. Situated 2.3' E of mag 8.5 HD 146083. NGC 6081 lies 28' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1205 = Sw. 7-80 on 8 Apr 1888. He reported "eF; S; lE; B * p[receding]." His position is just 1.7' too far southeast and the identication is certain based on the comment "B * p".

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IC 1206 = UGC 10293 = MCG +02-41-023 = CGCG 079-087 = PGC 57623

16 15 13.1 +11 17 51; Her

V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.75'; PA = 2°

24" (7/18/17): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.5'x0.4'. Contains a stellar nucleus surrounded by the core of the galaxy. An extremely low surface brightness outer halo was suspected. A mag 10.5 star is 4' NE. Located 12' SSE of mag 7.6 13 Herculi and 14' SW of mag 7.3 15 Herculi.

IC 1206 forms a close pair (similar redshifts) with CGCG 079-086 just 1.3' SSW of center. The companion was very faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 12"-15" diameter. A mag 16 star is close off its west edge [20" from center].

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1206 = Sw. 7-81 = Big. 208 on 3 Jun 1888 and reported "eF; S; R." His position is just off the northwest edge of UGC 10293, so the identification is certain although he missed the close companion. Bigourdan found it again on 28 Jun 1890 while searching for a comet discovered by d'Arrest. He noted it was probably equivalent to Sw. 7-81 in his Comtes Rendus publication. Dreyer credited both in the IC 1.

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IC 1208 = CGCG 196-016 = PGC 57650

16 15 47.9 +36 31 38; CrB

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 95°

24" (6/12/15 and 7/18/15): fairly faint, elongated 3:1 E-W, 30"x10", very small bright nucleus. Located just 1.8' SSW of mag 7.0 HD 146639, which detracts from viewing.

CGCG 196-013 lies 13' W. This galaxy appeared faint to fairly faint, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 18"x12", very small bright nucleus. Just west of line of 2 mag 13/13.5 star 1.3' NNE and 1.2' SSE.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1208 on 21 May 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while examining mag 7.0 HD 146639. He measured micrometric offsets from the star (also on 25 May) and published the results in AN, 127 [3048], 426 (1891) as well as Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol II, 1894.

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IC 1209 = UGC 10329 = MCG +03-41-149 = CGCG 108-174 = CGCG 109-002 = PGC 57796

16 18 39.6 +15 33 30; Her

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 4°

24" (7/18/17): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 40"x30", well concentrated with a bright core and stellar nucleus. The outer halo is quite faint and doesn't have a distinct edge. A bright wide double (8.7/10.0 at 35") is 2.6' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1209 = J. 1-380 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1210 = UGC 10304 = MCG +10-23-048 = CGCG 298-021 = KAZ 62 = PGC 57589

16 14 30.2 +62 32 12; Dra

V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x0.4'; PA = 168°

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~40"x25". Occasionally there appeared to be an extremely faint star or knot near the south end. Located 25' WNW of mag 7.3 HD 147407.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1210 = Sw. 9-58 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported it as "vF; vS; lE; r." NGC 6111 has been mistakenly identified with this galaxy. See that number.

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IC 1211 = UGC 10314 = MCG +09-27-009 = CGCG 276-007 = I Zw 139 = PGC 57707

16 16 52.0 +53 00 22; Dra

V = 12.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 42°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x moderately bright, fairly small, roundish. Sharply concentrated with a prominent core and a much fainter halo 30"-40" diameter. Located 17' SE of mag 6.9 Theta (13) Draconis.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1211 = Sw. 8-91 on 27 May 1889 and recorded, "pB, vS, R, bM." His position is a good match with UGC 10314.

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IC 1212 = CGCG 320-016 = PGC 57633

16 15 30.8 +64 13 29; Dra

Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 30" diameter, sharp concentration with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is at the northwest edge of the halo. Located 6' SW of mag 8.6 HD 147203.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1212 = Sw. 9-60 on 22 Jun 1889 and reported "eeF; pS; R; 3 st in a line n., most distant D[double]." His position and description is a match with this galaxy.

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IC 1213 = NGC 6172 = UGC 10352 = MCG +00-42-003 = CGCG 024-009 = PGC 57937

16 22 10.2 -01 30 54; Oph

V = 12.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8

17.5" (7/24/95): fairly faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Moderate concentration with a very small bright core which stands out well surrounded by a small halo. Preceded by three mag 13 and 14 stars within 3'. Located 9' NW of a mag 10 star and 11' NE of a similar star. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in RNGC. Identified as IC 1213 in UGC, MCG.

Lewis Swift found IC 1213 = Sw. 9-61 on 19 Apr 1890 and reported "F; vS; R." His RA is 9 seconds too small. This galaxy was first catalogued as NGC 6172 = St. 13-86 on 21 Jun 1884, but due to a misprint in Stephan's 13th list, the RA was 10 minutes too large. So, NGC 6172 = IC 1213 with priority to Stephan's observation. Because of the erroneous position for NGC 6172, the RNGC misclassifies NGC 6172 as nonexistent and UGC 10352 is labeled as IC 1213, instead of NGC 7172, in UGC, MCG and CGCG. RC3 has the correct identification.

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IC 1214 = UGC 10323 = MCG +11-20-009 = CGCG 320-019 = PGC 57675

16 16 11.7 +65 58 08; Dra

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 17°

24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", stellar nucleus, fairly high surface brightness. Closeby are two stars; a mag 14 star is 0.6' W of center and a mag 15 star [western component of a faint pair] is 0.4' N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1214 = Sw. 7-83 on 2 Jul 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; F * close p. 2nd of 4 [with IC 1215, 1216 and 1218]." His position and description is a good match with UGC 10323, though he missed the star(s) at the north edge. In a short errate table to his 8th lists he made the correction "omit: 2nd of 4".

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IC 1215 = UGC 10315 = MCG +11-20-009a = CGCG 320-017 = CGCG 338-049 = Kaz 65 = PGC 57638

16 15 35.1 +68 23 52; Dra

V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 10°

24" (6/14/15): first and brightest in a trio with IC 1216 and IC 1218. Fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 4:3 ~N-S, 40"x30", broad weak concentration. IC 1216 lies 3.4' SE. Located 17' SW of mag 6.4 HD 147662.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1215 = Sw. 7-82 on 2 Jul 1888 and recorded "vF; S; R." He later added "1st of 4.", though IC 1214 is not nearby. This error was corrected to "1st of 3 [with IC 1216 and 1218]" in a short errata table to his 8th list.

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IC 1216 = UGC 10326 = MCG +11-20-010 = CGCG 320-021 = CGCG 338-050 = PGC 57664

16 15 55.4 +68 21 00; Dra

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8

24" (6/14/15): second and faintest in a trio with IC 1215 3.4' NW and IC 1218 10' SSE. Faint to fairly faint, elongated 3:2, ~30"x20", low surface brightness with no significant core.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1216 = Sw. 7-84 on 2 Aug 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff; 3rd of 4." His position is accurate. In a short errate table to his 8th lists he made the correction "for: 3rd of 4 read: 2nd of 3 [with IC 1215 and 1218].."

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IC 1218 = MCG +11-20-011 = CGCG 320-022 = Kaz 69 = PGC 57699

16 16 37.1 +68 12 10; Dra

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 58°

24" (6/14/15): fairly faint, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', brighter core. Third of three with IC 1216 10' NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1218 = Sw. 7-86 on 2 Jul 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; lE, 4th of 4." In a short errata table to his 8th list, he made the correction "3rd of 3 [with IC 1216 and 1218]".

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IC 1219 = UGC 10371 = MCG +03-42-005 = CGCG 109-012 = PGC 58037

16 24 27.4 +19 28 57; Her

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 122°

24" (8/12/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 24"x15", occasional faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 1' E. Situated 2.7' SW of mag 8.7 HD 148034.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1219 = J. 1-381 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1220 = MCG +01-42-005 = CGCG 052-030 = PGC 58340

16 29 38.3 +08 27 03; Her

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.9'

24" (7/18/17): fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core, ~24" diameter. Located 12.5' ENE of mag 7.7 HD 148591. Brightest in a trio with CGCG 052-028 5.5' SW and LEDA 3091631 3.6' SSE. Also nearby are UGC 10414 12' N and UGC 10416 15' NE.

CGCG 052-028 appeared very faint, small, probably elongated 2:1 N-S, ~20"x10", very small core and sharp stellar nucleus. A 14th mag star is off the NW edge [23" from center]. LEDA 3091631 was just a very small, faint glow, 10" diameter. A mag 12.5 star is 1' E. UGC 10414 was faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, low even surface brightness. Between a mag 13 star 1.7' N and a mag 14 star 1.3' S. UGC 10416 was faint to fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 0.5'x0.4'. Situated in the exact center of an isosceles triangle of 3 mag 11 stars 2.8' NNW, 2.9' SSW and 3.2' ESE. The latter galaxy was actually discovered by E.E. Barnard but never published or reported to Dreyer, so it didn't receive an IC designation.

24" (8/5/13): fairly faint, fairly small, round. Well concentrated with a 15" bright core that gradually increases to an occasional very faint stellar nucleus. The core is surrounded by a thin low surface brightness halo ~24" diameter. Situated 12.5' ENE of mag 7.7 HD 148591. CGCG 052-028 lies 5.5' SW.

Édouard Stephan probably discovered IC 1220 = Sw. 10-34 on 3 Apr 1870. His rough unpublished position is 5' to the ENE. Apparently he never measured or at least published a micrometric position.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1220 again on 18 May 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He simply noted "pF, S", but his offsets from mag 7.7 HD 148591 of +50 seconds in RA and ~+2.8' in Dec point directly to this galaxy. Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer. Finally, Lewis Swift also discovered IC 1220 just 2 months later on 21 Jul 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; E." His RA (10th discovery list, #34) was 15 seconds of time too small, though Dreyer's IC position was off by 25 seconds of time. Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC, though he was the third to find IC 1220. CGCG (052-030) and MCG (+01-42-005) don't label their catalogue entries as IC 1220, probably due to the poor IC position.

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IC 1221 = UGC 10458 = MCG +08-30-030 = CGCG 251-030 = PGC 58528

16 34 41.6 +46 23 31; Her

V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8

18" (7/12/10): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, ~40"x35", very weak concentration. A nice string of stars is SE with the closest mag 13 star 4' SE. IC 1222 = Arp 73 lies 11' SSE. Located 20' SW of mag 5.8 HD 150030.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1221 = Sw. 10-35, along with IC 1222, on 10 Jul 1890 and logged "eeF; pS; E; p of 2 [with IC 1222]."

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IC 1222 = Arp 73 = UGC 10461 = MCG +08-30-032 = CGCG 251-031 = PGC 58544

16 35 09.2 +46 12 50; Her

V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 50°

18" (7/12/10): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, brighter along the major axis [DSS shows this to be the "bar" of a two-armed barred spiral. A group of 4 stars is west-southwest. Forms a pair with IC 1221 11' NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1222 = Sw. 10-36, along with IC 1221, on 10 Jul 1890 and logged "eeF; pL; R; f of 2 [with IC 1221]."

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IC 1223 = CGCG 251-032 = MCG +08-30-033 = PGC 58567

16 35 42.5 +49 13 14; Her

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 19°

24" (7/20/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', slightly brighter core. Situated between a mag 12 star 2.9' WNW and a mag 13.5 star 2.0' ESE. Located 6' N of a brighter mag 10.5 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1223 = Sw. 10-37 on 11 Jul 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant F st; B * with very distant com[panion] s[outh]." His position is 4' too far northwest, but his description is a perfect match.

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IC 1224 = MCG +03-42-027 = CGCG 110-003 = PGC 58824

16 42 56.3 +19 15 16; Her

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 90°

14.5" (8/20/22): at 226x; faint to fairly faint (visible continuously), slightly elongated, 0.4' diameter, very small brighter core, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 12.2 star is 1' S and a mag 13.5 star is 2.3' S.

24" (6/30/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, at most 30" diameter, well concentrated. A mag 12 star is 1' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1224 = J. 1-382 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1225 = UGC 10494 = MCG +11-20-022 = CGCG 320-034 = PGC 58607

16 36 52.5 +67 37 46; Dra

V = 14.5; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 72°

24" (7/20/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, edge-on 3:1 or 7:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.2', very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 15 star is at the WSW tip and another 15th mag star is 30" N of center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1225 = Sw. 9-62 on 24 Jul 1889 and reported "eeeF; vS; 2 or 3 vF st. inv.; * nr p[receding]." His position is off the east edge of the galaxy and the description is appropriate.

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IC 1226 = CGCG 251-038 = PGC 58754

16 41 06.6 +46 00 15; Her

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 53°

24" (7/20/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, broad weak concentration though no well defined nucleus. A very distinctive curving string of 4 equally spaced stars extends to the southwest, with the galaxy perfectly fitting the curve.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1226 = Sw. 10-38 on 11 Jul 1890 and reported "eF; S; R; forms arc of circle with 4 stars." The 4 stars are the ones noted in my description. The IC references Swift's 9th paper instead of his 10th.

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IC 1227 = NGC 6206 = UGC 10506 = MCG +10-24-018 = CGCG 299-009 = PGC 58723

16 40 08.1 +58 37 02; Dra

V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7

See observing notes for NGC 6206

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1227 = Big. 210 on 13 Aug 1888 while searching for NGC 6206 at Swift's poor position. Bigourdan later realized the object he recorded was equivalent to NGC 6206 (corrected in Comptes Rendus, 1 Jul 1901). Dreyer repeated NGC 6206 = IC 1227 in the IC 2 Notes. See Corwin's notes on IC 1227 for the full story.

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IC 1228 = UGC 10524 = MCG +11-20-026 = CGCG 320-038 = PGC 58804

16 42 06.5 +65 35 08; Dra

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 122°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, ~45"x15". This description applies to the bright central bar of this spiral. Sometimes I could glimpse the root of the spiral arms as curved ends of the bar, particularly at the northwest end. A mag 12.7 star is 1.1' NNW of center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1228 = Sw. 10-39 on 13 Sep 1890 and recorded ""vF; pS * nr n[orth]; 4 st. in curve s[outh]." His position and description matches UGC 10524.

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IC 1229 = MCG +09-27-072 = PGC 58902

16 44 58.8 +51 18 29; Dra

V = 15.0; Size 0.45'x0.4'

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"-25" diameter, weak concentration. IC 1230 lies 2.9' SSE. A double star (SLE 15) is 6' N.

24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter, weak concentration. Forms a pair with brighter IC 1230 2.9' SSE. Located 6' due south of mag 8.8 HD 151463 (wide unequal double).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1229 = Sw. 10-40, along with IC 1230, on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; another nr south; D * in field n; others susp; np of 2; ee diff." This galaxy is misidentified as IC 1225 in the UGC notes for IC 1230 = UGC 1038.

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IC 1230 = UGC 10538 = MCG +09-27-073 = CGCG 276-041 = PGC 58903

16 45 01.6 +51 15 37; Her

V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'

24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. A very faint mag 15.9 star is 0.8' S of center. Brighter and larger of a pair with IC 1229 2.9' NNW.

24" (7/15/15): moderately bright and large, 0.8' diameter, sharply concentrated with a small bright nucleus, slightly elongated halo. Brighter of a pair with IC 1229 2.9' NNW.

IC 1230 is a multiple system with 3 faint companions (V = 16-16.5); a close pair at the north edge of the halo and a second fainter nucleus (possible merged companion) less than 10" S of center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1230 = Sw. 10-41, along with IC 1229, on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; D * in field n; sf of 2; eee dif."

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IC 1231 = UGC 10560 = MCG +10-24-056 = CGCG 299-029 = PGC 58973

16 46 59.0 +58 25 23; Dra

V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 154°

24" (7/19/17): at 375x; moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.2'x0.6', broad weak concentration, mottled or uneven surface brightness. A mag 9.6 star (HD 238609) lies 5' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1231 = Sw. 9-68 and reported "eeeF; L; R; evenly B; pB * sp."

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IC 1232 = MCG +08-31-005 = Arp 312 NED1 = VV 197a = Holm 758a = CGCG 252-004 = PGC 59072

16 49 48.5 +46 43 05; Her

Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (6/29/16): at 375x; the brightest member of Arp 312 (identified as a pair in NED but classified by Arp as a group) appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 20" diameter. MCG +08-31-006 is attached at the southeast edge (centers separated by 23") with the halos fused on the SDSS. MCG +08-31-004 (faintest member) lies 46" SW and LEDA 3097788 (attached to a faint star and not seen) is 1.0' NE. Located 4.5' NNW of mag 6.8 HD 152238. Redshift-based distance ~530 million l.y.

18" (7/12/10): brightest in the Arp 312 trio and northwest component of an attached pair with MCG +08-31-006. At 285x appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. MCG +08-31-006 is at the SE edge [23" between centers] and very faint, round, 10" diameter. MCG +08-31-004 (faintest member) lies 46" SW, so the entire triplet is squeezed into a 1' circle! Located 4.6' NNW of mag 6.8 HD 152238.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1232 = Sw. 9-69 on 11 Jul 1890 and reported "eeeF; S; iR; B * with distant companion nr. sf. Driving clock failed." His RA is given only to the nearest minute and marked as uncertain (?), but there's nothing near his position (about 6' N of 5th magnitude 52 Herculi) that matches in declination. Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1232 is likely a duplicate of IC 1226, situated 8 minutes of RA west of Swift's position (perhaps he added a few minutes to the RA, instead of subtracting), though the declination is still off by ~5'. This galaxy has a bright star nearby, but it is southwest, not southeast.

Courtney Seligman suggests "what Swift saw was probably an internal reflection of the light from the bright star." In 2016 Yann Pothier suggested to Harold Corwin that Arp 312 = PGC 59071/2 is Swift's IC 1232. The RA is essentially matches, though the declination is off by +38'. But there is a bright star near SE with a wide companion, matching Swift's description. This is probably the best candidate, though not certain due to the error in declination. Steinicke classifies the number as nonexistent.

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IC 1233 = NGC 6247 = UGC 10572 = CGCG 320-044 = PGC 59023

16 48 20.2 +62 58 35; Dra

V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 58°

See observing notes for NGC 6247.

Lewis Swift found IC 1233 = Sw. 9-70 on 24 Jul 1889 and reported "eF; vS; vE; bet. 2 stars." There is nothing at his position, but 10' south is NGC 6247, discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on 24 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen. Dreyer questioned if IC 1233 = NGC 6247 in the IC description.

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IC 1235 = Mrk 1109 = CGCG 320-047 = PGC 59146

16 52 03.6 +63 06 57; Dra

V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 12°

24" (8/12/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", very small slightly brighter nucleus. Situated 3' SW of mag 8.7 HD 152970. Two 14th magnitude stars are 2' N and 2' S, with the galaxy at the midpoint.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1235 = Big. 212 on 5 Sep 1888 and reported "diffuse, 40" to 50" diameter. A BD star (difficult to read) at position 53°, distance = 3.5'." His position and description matches this galaxy.

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IC 1236 = UGC 10633 = VV 442 = MCG +03-43-010 = CGCG 110-019 = PGC 59350

16 58 29.6 +20 02 29; Her

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 51°

24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, irregular surface brightness, slight hint of structure [face-on spiral]. A mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW. Located 6.4' SSE of mag 7.7 HD 153374.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1236 = Sf. 44 = Sw. 10-42 on 1 Aug 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and noted "pF, suddenly brighter in the middle." His discovery list was not published, though, until 1887. E.E. Barnard independently ran across it while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick on 30 Jul 30 1888, though he recognized it was Sf 44. Lewis Swift also found it on 17 Sep 1890 and logged "eF; pS; lE; B * nr N; vF * close p."

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IC 1237 = UGC 10621 = MCG +09-28-010 = CGCG 277-016 = PGC 59280

16 56 16.1 +55 01 35; Dra

V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 21°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x15", broad concentration. Sometimes a low surface halo increases the dimensions to at least 50"x25". A mag 11.8 star lies 1.6' NW. Located 10' SE of mag 8.7 HD 153237.

Forms a pair with MCG +09-28-011 3' SSE. The companion appeared faint, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 ~E-W, ~27"x9", low even surface brightness.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1237 = Sw. 9-71 on 23 Jun 1890 and recorded "eF, pL, lE, * nr p[receding]." His position is 1.5' too far north, but the identification is certain.

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IC 1238

17 00 30.2 +23 04 35; Her

V = 14.7/15.7; Size 7"

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; IC 1238 is a faint double star of mag 14.7/15.7 at 7" separation. Located midway between UGC 10650 4' NW and NGC 6276 4' SE.

UGC 10650 appeared very faint, moderately large, extremely thin edge-on SSW-NNE, ~45"x5", low surface brightness, slightly brighter core. A mag 15.2 star is at the SSW tip.

Albert Marth discovered IC 1238 = m 327 on 10 Jun 1864 and simply noted as "eF". Dreyer didn't include this object in the NGC due to a confusion with other nearby galaxies. But his position corresponds with a faint double star. Harold Corwin has the full story under NGC 6276.

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IC 1239 = NGC 6276 = MCG +04-40-010 = CGCG 139-028 = PGC 59419

17 00 45.0 +23 02 39; Her

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2

See observing notes for NGC 6276.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1239 = Big. 213 on 19 Jun 1887. Dreyer questioned if Bigourdan's object was equivalent to NGC 6276, discovered earlier by Marth as again by Stephan. See NGC 6276 or Corwin notes for the story on that number.

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IC 1241 = UGC 10670 = CGCG 321-011 = KAZ 445 = PGC 59452

17 01 28.2 +63 41 28 ; Dra

V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 165°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately bright, irregularly round, ~0.6' diameter. Appears lumpy with direct vision but I didn't see a distinct nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1241 = Sw. 7-87 on 19 July 1887 and recorded "eF; pS; R." His position is at the north edge of UGC 10670 and the identification is certain.

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IC 1242 = MCG +01-44-001 = CGCG 054-002 = PGC 59688

17 08 42.9 +04 03 00; Oph

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°

17.5" (7/19/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration. Forms a pair with NGC 6296 10' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1242 = J. 1-383 on 7 Aug 1891.

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IC 1243

17 10 24.5 +10 46 06; Oph

Size 50"

14.5" (8/31/21): at 264x; I immediately noticed a thin elongated N-S glow less than 1' long with 3 or 4 stars resolved. The two brightest (mag ~14.5) form a 10" pair and a 15th mag star was confirmed at the S end. In addition, a mag 15.4 star was glimpsed close W, but off the chain. A mag 12.2 star is 2.5' W.

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; IC 1243 is a fairly striking N-S chain of 5 stars (all resolved) as well as a 6th star close W. The N-S chain extends 48" and all 4 stars are mag 14-15. Located 32' WNW of mag 5.3 HD 155644.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1243 = Sw. 9-72 on 15 May 1890 and reported "pF; pS; vE; r." There is nothing at his position but Howe examined the field on two nights in 1898 and found "five 12-14 mag. stars in a line, at an angle of 0 degrees [N-S], the length of the line being 45". A star of mag. 14 immediately precedes the northern end of the row." This asterism is 3' SW of Swift's position. Based on my observation, I'm surprised Swift didn't at least partially resolve this chain.

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IC 1244 = UGC 10739 = MCG +06-38-003 = CGCG 198-015 = PGC 59746

17 10 33.7 +36 18 12; Her

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x1.0'

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core, 30" diameter. A mag 15 star is near the south edge [24" from center] and an 11th mag star is 2' WNW. Located 38' NE of mag 5.4 HD 155103 and 1° SE of mag 3.1 Pi Her.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1244 = Sw. 8-92 = Sw. 9-73 on 5 Jun 1878. His uncorrected position was 2' too far east, but he never published a corrected position so this galaxy doesn't have a NGC designation.

Lewis Swift rediscovered IC 1244 on 13 May 1889 and reported in his 8th discovery list (#92): "vF; pS iR; bet. a F and a pB *; 3 st in line nr." His position was 12 seconds of RA too small. He found the galaxy again on 15 Sep 1889 and reported it as new in his 9th list (#73) with description "pF; pS; R; bet. 2 st." This time his position was 6' too far south, but correct in RA. UGC fails to identify its UGC 10739 as IC 1244. Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 1245 = UGC 10755 = MCG +06-38-007 = CGCG 198-022 = PGC 59835

17 12 36.6 +38 01 14; Her

V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.9'; PA = 126°

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad mild concentration. A mag 10.3 star (SAO 65873) is 4' E.

CGCG 198-024, located 8' NE, appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A mag 13 star is 0.6' NW. CGCG 198-025, located 15' SE, appeared faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1245 = Sw. 9-75 on 15 Sep 1889 and reported "eF; S; R; BM; F * close s; 3 or 4 others nr. n." His position is 1.5' too far NW, within his usual positional errors.

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IC 1248 = UGC 10756 = MCG +10-24-106 = CGCG 299-059 = KAZ 455 = PGC 59740 = PGC 59791

17 11 40.2 +59 59 44; Dra

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 17°

24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~35"x30", broad weak concentration but no distinct core or zones. Overall fairly low surface brightness.

I picked up a close double 10' WNW, which is listed in WDS as TDT 244 = 11.9/12.4 at 2.4". It was just resolved cleanly at 375x.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1248 = Sw. 7-88 on 19 Jul 1887 and reported "eeF; pS; R; betw 2 st p & f." There's nothing at his position but 7.7' NNE is this galaxy and the two stars in the description match the sky. PGC has a separate entry, PGC 59740, for KAZ 455, but this is a duplicate of IC 1248.

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IC 1249 = CGCG 198-026 = PGC 59919

17 14 55.1 +35 31 12; Her

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, round, 20"-24" diameter, fairly low and nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is close north [34" from the center]. A distinctive 6' string consisting of a mag 10 star and 3 mag 11 stars extends south [nearest star in string is 4' S].

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1249 = Sw. 9-76 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff.; 4 pB st. nr. in line s." A mag 15.5 star is close N [].

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IC 1250 = 2MASX J17142919+5724597 = LEDA 2565010

17 14 29.2 +57 25 00; Dra

V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 70°

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; faint, extremely small, round, 8"-10" diameter. I could easily hold this faint galaxy continuously with averted (V = 15.1) as the surface brightness is moderately high. Located 7.3' W of NGC 6338 in a compact galaxy group.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1250 = Sw. 9-77 on 23 Jun 1890 and reported "pF; S; cE." His position is within 30" of LEDA 2565010, though I have concerns about this identification as his description doesn't seem appropriate. LEDA 2565010 is quite faint (V ~15), so I would expect Swift to have called it “eeF” or “eeeF”, instead of “pF”. Also visually only the 12" core was seen, yet his description says “cE". The same night he discovered IC 1237, which he called “eF”. Yet IC 1237 appeared much brighter visually (at least a magnitude) than IC 1250. But I don’t see another good candidate for the identification of IC 1250, unless his observation refers to NGC 6338, which is roughly a minute of RA east. Harold Corwin agrees with my brightness and elongation discrepancies and is placing colons (uncertainty) on the position in his IC table.

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IC 1251 = UGC 10757 = MCG +12-16-021 = PGC 59735

17 10 13.4 +72 24 37; Dra

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 70°

17.5" (7/16/93): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 ~E-W, fairly low almost even surface brightness. Located in a string of stars that ends at the double star adjacent to NGC 6340 6' SSE. IC 1254 lies 6' E.

17.5" (7/9/88): very faint, small, elongated WSW-ENE, weak concentration. Located 6' NNW of NGC 6340 in a group.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1251 = Sw. 10-43 on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; 6340 nr; sp of 2 [with IC 1254]; ee dif." The Swifts' RA is 6 sec too large and the orientation should by north-preceding and south-following.

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IC 1252 = IC 4649 = UGC 10788 = MCG +10-24-120 = CGCG 299-068 = WBL 636-006 = PGC 59962

17 15 50.4 +57 22 01; Dra

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 142°

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.15'. Situated 24" W of a mag 13 star and 4.6' SE of NGC 6338 in a compact galaxy group. A mag 14.5-15 star is off the NW tip.

18" (7/12/07): extremely faint, small, very low surface brightness, ~0.3' diameter. Attached to the west side of a mag 12 star (just 24" separation between the star and the center of IC 1252) that detracts from viewing. Located 4.5' SE of NGC 6345 in a group and 3.6' ENE of NGC 6345.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1252 = Big. 217 on 5 Sep 1888 and logged "mag 13.4-13.5; 40" diameter; situated very close to a mag 12.5 star." Harold Corwin notes that IC 4649 is a duplicate identity from a second observation from Bigourdan. See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 1253 = NGC 6347 = UGC 10807 = MCG +03-44-004 = CGCG 111-021 = PGC 60086

17 19 54.7 +16 39 39; Her

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 100°

See observing notes for NGC 6347.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1253 = Sf. 29 on 6 Jun 1866. His position is accurate. Édouard Stephan independently rediscovered the galaxy on 6 Jul 1880. Stephan's X-55 became NGC 6347 as Safford's discovery was not published until 1887, too late to be incorporated into the main NGC table. Harold Corwin notes that Dreyer made an error of 2° in declination when he precessed Safford's (correct) position but NGC 6347 = IC 1253.

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IC 1254 = UGC 10769 = MCG +12-16-024 = PGC 59783

17 11 33.7 +72 24 07; Dra

V = 13.8; Size 1.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 32°

17.5" (7/16/93): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, even surface brightness. Slightly fainter than IC 1251 6' W. Located 7' NE of NGC 6340.

17.5" (7/9/88): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, two mag 15 stars are 30" E and 1' SSE. Located 7' NE of NGC 6340 in a group. Probably only viewed the core.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1254 = Sw. 10-44 on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC 1251]; ee diff." The Swifts' position is 16 sec of RA east and 2' north of UGC 10769.

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IC 1255 = UGC 10826 = MCG +02-44-003 = CGCG 082-023 = PGC 60180

17 23 05.4 +12 41 44; Oph

Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 11°

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 32"x24", contains a very small bright core that seems offset to the south side. A mag 15.1 star is just off the northeast edge. The galaxy forms the northeast vertex of a quadrilateral with a mag 12 star 2.4' W, a mag 11.5 star 2.3' SSE and a mag 10.5 star 3.5' SW.

CGCG 082-026, located 14' ESE, appeared fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated E-W, 15"x9", fairly high surface brightness.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1255 = Sw. 10-45 on 5 Jun 1891 and reported "vF; pS; R; Trapezium with 3 stars." His position is 2' too far south but the identification is certain based on his description of the 3 nearby stars.

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IC 1256 = UGC 10829 = MCG +04-41-007 = CGCG 140-017 = PGC 60203

17 23 47.3 +26 29 11; Her

V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 95°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large; slightly elongated E-W, ~40"x30", slightly brighter core. Irregular halo with averted suggesting a spiral. Located 2' NE of a mag 10.3 star. Two mag 14.0/14.8 stars are just off the southeast side [50" and 1.1' SE of center].

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1256 = J. 1-384 on 29 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1257 = OCL-51 = Lund 751 = Ced 144

17 27 08.5 -07 05 35; Oph

V = 13.1; Size 1'; Surf Br = 2.3

24" (7/11/18): at 200x and 226x; fairly faint, small, round, low surface brightness, very small slightly brighter core, 0.6' diameter. Better at 282x; easily visible steadily though no additional structure. Less contrast at 375x.

18" (7/26/06): picked up at 225x, but viewed at 325x as a very faint, low surface brightness disc of 30" diameter with only a very weak central brightening. This challenging globular was visible steadily, even with direct vision but there was no hints of details. A couple of mag 16-16.5 threshold stars are close south and west.

18" (7/18/04): at 250x, appeared very faint, very small, round, ~0.5' diameter. With direct vision, this globular is weakly concentrated to a faint quasi-stellar or stellar core. Visible continuously without much effort, though very unimpressive as a globular.

17.5" (6/30/00): at 280x this small low surface brightness globular appeared very faint, round, ~30" diameter but visible with direct vision. Appears to have an extremely faint knot at the south edge and a slight central brightening.

17.5" (7/27/95): very faint, round patch, ~1' diameter. Appears similar to a 15th magnitude galaxy with no hints of resolution or central concentration. Can hold steadily with averted vision. Located 5.8' W of a mag 11.5 star. Discovered to be a globular in 1996.

13.1" (7/6/83): not found.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1257 on 7 July 1890 while searching for Barnard's Comet C/1888 RI using the 27" refractor at Wien University Observatory in Austria. His micrometric position is accurate. Barnard independently discovered it the next night while searching for his comet with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. In fact, Barnard initially mistook it for the comet!

Harlow Shapley listed IC 1257 as an open cluster (1930) and Sven Cederblad as a nebula (1946). Brian Skiff reported in September 1996: "Barry Madore to take a handful of short exposures of it at the Palomar 200", and has run through a first-cut data reduction. The color-magnitude diagram shows that it is unquestionably a globular cluster, which is moderately heavily reddened: it has the telltale marks of a metal-poor halo cluster, which are (a) a blue horizontal-branch population and (b) a steep red-giant branch." See Harris et al. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AJ....113..688H for the discovery announcement.

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IC 1258 = Arp 311 NED1 = UGC 10867 = MCG +10-25-035 = CGCG 300-029 = PGC 60320 = VV 101

17 27 17.4 +58 29 08; Dra

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 65°

24" (7/22/14): at 375x appeared faint to fairly faint, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, ~0.4'x0.3'. A mag 15.3 star is off the north side [27" from center] and another mag 15 star is off the southwest side [44" from center]. At 500x, a mag 15.5+ star is at the east edge, just 10" from center!

24" (8/15/12): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, very small bright nucleus increases to center. The view with confusing with several very close stars. The brightest is a mag 14.9 star 45" SW. A mag 15.2 star is 30" NNE. A mag 15.7 star is attached at the east edge of the core, just 10" from center and fainter than the nucleus of the galaxy. Very interesting group with the double system IC 1259 2.3' NE, IC 1260 2.0' ESE and PGC 2579433 3.6' ENE.

18" (6/7/08): at 260x appeared faint, small, irregularly round, 25" diameter, very small brighter core, gradually increases to the center. Surrounded by two or three very faint stars. With averted vision the shape is irregular and knotty. Forms a pair with IC 1259 (double system) 2.2' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1258 = Sw. 7-89, along with IC 1259, on 19 Jul 1887 and logged "pB; pS; R; sp of 2 [with IC 1259]." His position is 1' too far northwest.

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IC 1259 = VV 101 = Arp 310 = Arp 311 NED2 = Arp 311 NED3 = UGC 10869 = CGCG 300-030 = MCG +10-25-037 = PGC 60323 = PGC 60325

17 27 25.8 +58 31 00; Dra

V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (7/22/14): at 375x, the merged contact pair IC 1259 (15" between centers) was a striking sight. VV 101a, the larger and brighter eastern component, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter. A mag 15 star is at the southeast edge, just 10" from center. VV 101b, the western component, appeared very faint, extremely small, 8" x 5" SW-NE. A mag 12 star lies 0.8' NE. IC 1258 lies 2.2' SW and IC 1260 is 2.5' SSE!

24" (8/15/12): fascinating tight double system and superimposed star at 375x. The main component appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. VV 101b is attached at the west edge of the halo, 15" between centers. It appeared very faint, extremely small, 10" diameter. A mag 15 star is attached at the SE edge, just 10" from center! A mag 12 star lies 0.8' NE. IC 1258 lies 2.2' SW, IC 1260 is 2.5' SSE and PGC 2579433 is 2.5' SE. The group is located ~13' SE of mag 6.5 HD 158485.

18" (6/7/08): at 260x this double system (Arp 310) appeared faint, very small, ~20" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. VV 101b, an extremely small (~10" diameter) companion, was barely resolved off the west edge of the brighter eastern component (VV 101a). Also, a very faint mag 15 star is often visible at the SE edge. IC 1258 (part of Arp 311) is just 2.2' SW. Located 45" SW of a mag 12 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1259 = Sw. 7-90, along with IC 1258, on 19 Jul 1887 and logged "pB; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC 1258]." Swift didn't resolve this double system.

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IC 1260 = Arp 311 NED4 = MCG +10-25-040 = CGCG 300-032 = PGC 60324

17 27 31.7 +58 28 33; Dra

V = 14.9; Size 0.35'x0.3'

24" (7/22/14): faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 2' ESE of IC 1258 and 2.6' SSE of IC 1259 = Arp 310 (close double system!). The entire group forms Arp 311.

24" (8/15/12): faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Faintest of trio of IC galaxies with IC 1258 and IC 1259 (forming Arp 311) and situated just 1.9' ESE of IC 1258.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1260 = Sw. 9-80 on 15 May 1890 and logged "eeeF; S; R; forms equilateral triangle with two others; 3rd of 3." Three years earlier he found IC 1258 and IC 1259, so he apparently revisited the group and detected this galaxy.

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IC 1261 = CGCG 339-039 = MCG +12-16-032 = PGC 60185 = PGC 60186

17 23 23.3 +71 15 49; Dra

V = 14.0

24" (6/28/16): IC 1261 is a close pair of small ellipticals separated by 27" E-W. At 375x the brighter eastern component appeared fairly faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. The halo is just resolved from the western component, which appeared faint, very small, round. A mag 15 star is 0.7' S. NGC 6395 lies 18' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1261 = Sw. 8-93 on 8 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; in a dark vacancy." His position is unusually accurate for observations near the end of his observing career, but the description could apply to either galaxy (or both).

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IC 1262 = UGC 10900 = MCG +07-36-020 = CGCG 226-020 = WBL 643-001 = PGC 60479

17 33 02.0 +43 45 35; Her

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 83°

24" (7/2/16): at 375x; moderately bright, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 E-W, 1.0'x0.7', slightly brighter core. Brightest in the IC 1262 group (redshift-based distance ~450 million l.y.) with closest companion IC 1263 3.8' NNE

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; moderately bright and large, oval 3:2 E-W, ~1.1'x0.75', large brighter core. Brightest in a group with IC 1263 3.8' NNE, CGCG 226-028 10' NNE and IC 1264 8' SSE. This group resides in a fairly rich star field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1262 = Sw. 9-82, along with IC 1263 and 1264, on 19 Jun 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; 1st of 3." His position is less than 1' too far north.

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IC 1263 = UGC 10902 = MCG +07-36-021 = CGCG 226-026 = WBL 643-002 = PGC 60481

17 33 07.2 +43 49 19; Her

V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 178°

24" (7/2/16): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.9'x0.4'. A thin spiral arm is just visible extending due north on the east side of the halo!

IC 1262 (brightest in the group) is 3.8' SSW and CGCG 226-028 is 6' NNE. The latter galaxy appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, no core or zones. A mag 15.5 star is just off the southwest edge [35" from center].

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint or moderately bright, relatively large, elongated at least 5:2 N-S, broad concentration, brighter core, 1.2'x0.45'. Several mag 11-13 stars are nearby including a mag 11 star 2.6' WNW and a mag 11.5 star 3' NW.

IC 1263 is a member of the IC 1262 group that includes CGCG 226-028 6' NNE, IC 1262 3.8' SSW and IC 1264 12' S. CGCG 226-028 appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, no core or zones. A mag 14.6 star is 1.2' NNW and a mag 15.5 star is just 35" SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1263 = Sw. 9-83, along with IC 1262 and 1264, on 19 Jun 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; 2nd of 3." His position is accurate.

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IC 1264 = UGC 10904 = MCG +07-36-022 = CGCG 226-027 = WBL 643-003 = PGC 60484

17 33 16.8 +43 37 45; Her

V = 14.4; Size 1.2'x1.1'; PA = 40°

24" (7/2/16"): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 35"x20", fairly even surface brightness, slightly brighter core. Faintest of three IC's anchoring a group, with IC 1262 8' NNW and IC 1263 12' NNW.

MCG +07-36-024, just 0.9' NE, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 10", higher surface brightness than IC 1264. A mag 14 star is 45" E and a mag 16 star is barely off the northwest edge.

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 40"x30", fairly low surface brightness. Forms a close pair with MCG +07-36-024 0.9' NE. The companion is fairly faint, small, round, 12", with a mag 16 star at the northwest edge. IC 1264 is a member of the IC 1262 group and is situated 8' SSE of IC 1262. CGCG 226-029 is 7.6' ENE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1264 = Sw. 9-84, along with IC 1263 and 1264, on 19 Jun 1890. He recorded "eeeF; pS; R; 3rd of 3; eee difficult." His position is less than 1' too far north. I'm surprised Swift missed the nearby MCG as it has a higher surface brightness.

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IC 1265 = UGC 10917 = MCG +07-36-027 = CGCG 226-032 = PGC 60568

17 36 39.6 +42 05 17; Her

V = 12.3; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 80°

17.5" (7/27/95): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 1.2'x0.5'. Contains a bright core with faint extensions. A wide pair of mag 14.5 stars lie 1.0' E and 1.3' ESE of center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1265 = Sw. 9-85 on 10 Jul 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; lE." Discovered by Swift (IX). His position is 1' too far north.

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IC 1266 = PK 345-8.1 = Thackery 1 = ESO 279-7 = PN G345.2-08.8

17 45 35.4 -46 05 23; Ara

V = 12.2; Size 13"

13.1": not found. Very low emission.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1266 in 1894 on a photograph of stellar spectra taken at the Peruvian Station of the Harvard College Observatory. Pickering announced the discovery as a "Gaseous Nebula" in 1894AN....135..195P. In 1896, though, Pickering reported the OIII line was absent, so IC 1266 didn't receive a Harvard nebula (HN) number. It was listed in the table of "Stars Having Peculiar Spectra (Table XIII) in the 1912 Annals of Harvard Observatory summary of unusual spectra. In 1916, Annie Jump Cannon classified it as a P Cygni type star (1916AnHar..76...19C) based on the strength of the hydrogen emission and absence of NI, NII. Based on this classification, A.D. Thackeray made a visual examination on 15 May 1950 and found it to be "at the centre of a nebulous envelope without however the red hue of HD 138403. Photographs show a disk brightening towards the edge to form an almost circular ring about 9".6 in outer diameter and 1".7 thick at the edge. The ring is not quite uniformly intense all around. The spectrum resembles that of a planetary nebula except that the hydrogen lines are strong relative to the [OIII] pair 5007, 4959."

Perek and Kohoutek (CGPN), as well as the Strasbourg-ESO catalog of galactic PNe, identify this object as Tc 1 (from Thackeray). The equivalency with IC 1266 was noticed by Dana Patchick and David Frew.

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IC 1267 = UGC 10937 = MCG +10-25-077 = CGCG 300-056 = PGC 60635

17 38 45.9 +59 22 23; Dra

V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 35°

24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~40"x32", weak concentration with small brighter core, occasionally brightens to a stellar nucleus.

IC 1267 is the brighter of a pair with MCG +10-25-078 2' SE. The companion appeared faint, small, round, 12", could almost hold continuously with averted despite a faint V mag of 15.5. Located 2' SE of IC 1267 and midway between a mag 14.4 star 40" SE and a mag 15 star 44" NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1267 = Sw. 7-91 on 19 Jul 1887 and reported "eeF; pS; R; ee diff[icult]." His position is 1' NW of this galaxy.

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IC 1268 = MCG +03-45-036 = CGCG 112-057 = PGC 60971

17 50 39.3 +17 12 34; Her

V = 14.7; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 117°

24" (7/19/17): at 282x; faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated, 25" diameter. A very faint star is involved (NW edge?). Located 20' S of NGC 6467.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1268 = Sw. 7-92 on 16 May 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; ee diff." His position is 15 seconds too small in RA but accurate in Dec. Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes section).

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IC 1269 = UGC 11013 = MCG +04-42-009 = CGCG 141-020 = PGC 61023

17 52 06.0 +21 34 11; Her

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 125°

18" (7/2/08): at 175x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, slightly brighter core. Bracketed by mag 13 stars 1.4' N and 1.4' NE as well as a mag 13 star 1.2' SE. Located 4.2' NNE of a mag 10.2 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1269 = Sw. 7-94 on 25 Jul 1887 and logged "eeF; pL; R; F * v nr nf; and other F * nr." There is nothing at his position but 19 seconds of time preceding and 2' north is UGC 11013. Herbert Howe has a long note on IC 1269 in his November 1900 list of observations in Monthly Notices. He notes the position given in the IC differs from his by 20 seconds and 2', and he was unable to verify Swift's description of "pL, 2 F st nr." Instead, he found an "eeF, vS" nebula with a number of faint stars near. This is very likely the same galaxy, except Howe only noticed the nucleus.

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IC 1270 = NGC 6488 = MCG +10-25-098 = CGCG 300-076 = PGC 60918

17 49 20.8 +62 13 22; Dra

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6

See observing notes for NGC 6488.

Lewis Swift found IC 1270 = Sw. 7-93 on 11 Jun 1888. This observation is likely a rediscovery of NGC 6488, originally found by Swift on 1 Sep 1888. See NGC 6488 for the story.

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IC 1271

18 05 10.1 -24 23 56; Sgr

17.5" (6/14/96): the brightest mag 7.5 star at the east end of M8 illuminates a bright 2' halo of nebulosity. This star is symmetrically placed on the following side of the cluster with respect to the two mag 7.5 stars on the west side of the Lagoon.

17.5" (6/8/96): this is the mag 7.5 star (SAO 186247) embedded in the southeast portion of the Lagoon nebula, which is surrounded by a locally brighter halo of nebulosity at all powers.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1271 = Sw. 8-94 on 5 Aug 1888 and recorded "eeeF, vL, N6523 nr p, ee diff; B* inv or is a neb *; discovered 2 years ago." His position is about 5' southeast of a mag 7 star at 18 05 10.6 -24 23 55 which is embedded in the eastern wing or extension of the Lagoon nebula. Corwin notes that John Herschel discovered and sketched this extension and considered it part of the M8 complex.

Dreyer states in the 1912 update of William Herschel's catalogues that IC 1271 is identical to NGC 6526 = H. V-9 (also part of M8). See Corwin's identification notes on NGC 6526.

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IC 1274 = Sh 2-32 = LBN 33 = Ced 154d = ESO 521-41

18 09 51.0 -23 38 54; Sgr

Size 9'x8'

17.5" (7/17/93): located north of the NGC 6559 nebular complex. At 100x and OIII filter appears as an irregular nebulosity surrounding a group of mag 8-9 stars, roughly circular outline. Located about 20' N of NGC 6559. IC 1275 is ~9' SSE.

17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x with UHC filter appears fairly faint, large, includes several stars with three or four brighter stars, irregular shape. Located 22' NNW of NGC 6559.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1274, along with IC 1275, on 25 Jun 1892 on a 4-hour plate using the 6-inch Willard lens. His article "Photographic Nebulosities and Groups of Nebulous Stars" in AN 3111 includes a rough visual sketch (with the Lick 12" refractor) of the field including NGC 6559 to the south.

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IC 1275 = Sh 2-31 = LBN 33 = Ced 154e = ESO 521-41

18 10 07.2 -23 45 40; Sgr

Size 10'x6'

17.5" (7/17/93): at 100x and OIII filter appears as an easy nebulosity surrounding two mag 9 stars and several fainter stars. Located at the east end of the chain of nebulosities described in the NGC 6559 observation. IC 1274 is ~9' NNW.

17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x and UHC filter; fairly faint nebulosity surrounding a pair of mag 8 stars, smaller than nearby IC 1274. Located 16' N of NGC 6559.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1275, along with IC 1274, on 25 Jun 1892 on a 4-hour plate using the 6-inch Willard lens. His article "Photographic Nebulosities and Groups of Nebulous Stars" in AN 3111 includes a visual sketch (with the Lick 12" refractor) of the field including NGC 6559 to the south. IC 1274 and 1275 are clearly identified (as Nova) on the sketch.

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IC 1276 = Palomar 7

18 10 44.3 -07 12 27; Ser

V = 10.3; Size 7'; Surf Br = 3.3

24" (9/7/13): at 200x appeared as a fairly faint to moderately bright, roundish glow, ~3' diameter, with a weak concentration. Grows in size with averted vision to at least 3.5' diameter. At 375x, a total of 8-10 stars were resolved and a couple more occasionally popped. The brightest is a mag 13-13.5 star on the west side and a mag 14 star 35" to its east. A few additional stars appear to be ~15-15.5 magnitude with the remainder closer to 16th magnitude. A mag 10.6 star is 3' NNE of center.

18" (6/22/09): at 225x appeared as a faint, moderately large, roundish glow with no central concentration. A string of three stars are superimposed on the north side of the cluster.

17.5" (8/2/97): at 220x, this globular appears as an obvious irregular glow of ~3' diameter with a mag 13.5 star at the west edge. A superimposed mag 14 star follows [by 36"] and a third mag 14.5 on a line is at the east end. A mag 15 star was also glimpsed along this string close following the mag 14 star. Appears elongated ~E-W and the irregular outline increases in size with averted vision to 4'x3'. This faint globular has an unusual mottled patchy appearance although the observed stars may be field stars.

17.5" (7/27/95): at 220x appears faint, moderately large, 3' irregular scraggly outline. No resolution although the surface brightness is irregular. A mag 13 star is at the west end, closely followed by a mag 14.5 star. A similar faint star is situated at the east end. Located 3' SSW of a mag 11 star.

17.5" (7/4/86): at 105x appears as a faint glow with no central condensation. Two stars mag 13-14 are on the west side. At 286x the cluster seems to extend mostly east of the following of the two stars. Located 3' SSW of a mag 11 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1276 = Sw. 8-95 on 10 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeeF; vL; ee diff; D* close to p edge; very wide D* nr north." George Abell found it again in 1952 on the POSS (published in the 1955 paper "Globular Clusters and Planetary Nebulae Discovered on the National Geographic Society-Palomar Observatory Sky Survey") and missed the equivalence with globular #7. So, IC 1276 is also known as Palomar 7.

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IC 1277 = UGC 11135 = MCG +05-43-005 = PGC 61491

18 10 27.3 +31 00 12; Her

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 25°

17.5" (8/3/89): very faint, moderately large, very diffuse. A double star mag 14/15 is off the southwest side [1.6' from center]. Forms a pair with NGC 6575 9' NE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1277 = Big. 220 on 31 Aug 1888 and simply noted "faint stars" in his 1891 Comptes Rendus list. Harold Corwin states that Bigourdan has four observations of it; they do not agree very well, but his mean position is only 12 arcsec south of the nucleus. The identity is secure."

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IC 1278

18 10 41.7 +31 09 00; Her

Size 22"

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; IC 1278 is a small asterism of 4-5 stars spanning only 22". It was resolved into two easily visible mag 14.8 and 15.3 stars at the east and west end, respectively. A third mag 16 star was occasionally visible and a fourth mag 16-16.5 star was suspected only.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1278 = Big. 220, along with IC 1277, on 31 Aug 188. Bigourdan mentioned several stars were suspected and his position matches a small group of 4 stars.

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IC 1279 = IC 1281 = UGC 11143 = MCG +06-40-009 = CGCG 200-009 = 2MFGC 14240 = PGC 61518

18 11 15.4 +36 00 28; Her

V = 13.5; Size 2.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 159°

24" (9/28/19): at 260x; pretty edge-on at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, broad concentration to a brighter, elongated core region. The galaxy precedes three mag 11-12 stars in a N-S string with the southern star an uncatalogued double stars (separation less than 5").

24" (6/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large, nice edge-on 7:2 NNW-SSE, 1.2'x0.35', broad concentration to a bulging core. Three mag 11.0-11.8 stars in a shallow arc follow by 3' and two mag 11.4/12.4 stars ~3' N are collinear with the galaxy.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1279 = Sw. 7-95 on 18 Oct 1887 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; in a semicircle of st.; eee diff." His position is 2.5' NW of UGC 11143 = PGC 61518 with the semicircle of stars mostly to the east. He "discovered" this galaxy a second time on 28 May 1889 and recorded Sw. 8-96 (later IC 1281) as "eeF S; cE; semicircle of several stars near following." His published RA was 21 seconds too large, but again the description applies. Dreyer catalogued the second observation as IC 1281, but queried "? = 1279". Howe took a look at the field with the 20" refractor at Denver in 1899 and reported "I see only one nebula in the vicinity and call it 'vF, pS."

But Swift's second position happens to fall close to CGCG 200-010 = PGC 61527, a close pair of extremely small and faint galaxies, and Zwicky and Herzog identified this pair as IC 1279 in the CGCG (Volume III). But Swift's description doesn't match this close pair as the "semicircle of several stars" is preceding (west), not following the pair. PGC, as well as all online databases (NED, HyperLeda, SIMBAD) repeat the CGCG misidentification. Harold Corwin recovered the identification IC 1279 = IC 1281 (first given by Dreyer in the IC 2 Notes). See his notes.

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IC 1280 = NGC 6581 = MCG +04-43-010 = CGCG 142-021 = PGC 61571

18 12 18.4 +25 39 44; Her

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 56°

17.5" (7/1/89): faint, small, round. A mag 14.5 star is at the NE end and a mag 15 star at the south end. Image confused by these two close faint stars. A wide pair of stars is 12' SW. Located in the UGC 11156 group.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1280 = Big. 222 on 1 Jul 1886 while searching for NGC 6581, which was discovered by Stephan. Due to an error in Stephan's position Bigourdan thought the nebula was new, but the position (and Stephan's description) clearly establishes NGC 6581 = IC 1280. MCG, CGCG and UGC label this galaxy IC 1280 and ignore the NGC designation.

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IC 1281 = IC 1279 = UGC 11143 = MCG +06-40-009 = CGCG 200-009 = 2MFGC 14240 = PGC 61518

18 11 15.4 +36 00 28; Her

V = 13.5; Size 2.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 159°

See observing notes for IC 1279.

Lewis Swift found IC 1281 = Sw. 8-96 on 28 May 1889 and recorded "eeF S; cE; semicircle of several stars near following." His position falls close to CGCG 200-010 = PGC 61527, a close pair of extremely small and faint galaxies. Zwicky and Herzog identified this pair as IC 1279 in the CGCG (Volume III) and other catalogues followed. But Swift's description doesn't match this close pair as the "semicircle of several stars" is preceding (west), not following the pair. PGC, as well as all online databases (NED, HyperLeda, SIMBAD) repeat the CGCG misidentification.

Harold Corwin concludes that IC 1281 is more likely a duplicate of IC 1279, discovered earlier by Swift on 18 Oct 1887. Swift's RA for IC 1281 is 21 seconds too large, but his description applies. Dreyer originally suggested the equivalence because Howe took a look at the field with the 20" refractor at Denver in 1899 and reported "I see only one nebula in the vicinity and call it 'vF, pS." So, likely IC 1281 = IC 1279, and not CGCG 200-010. See IC 1279 and Corwin's notes.

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IC 1283 = Ced 157c = Gum 78 = Sh 2-37 = RCW 153 = LBN 47

18 17 18 -19 45; Sgr

Size 17'x15'

17.5" (7/26/95): at 100x unfiltered appears as a very faint, very large nebulosity, at least 10' diameter. Encompasses a mag 9 star and extends about 10' NE to merge with IC 1284 surrounding mag 7.6 SAO 161273. The illuminating star is 6' NE of reflection nebula NGC 6589 and 8' NNE of NGC 6590 = NGC 6595.

17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x and UHC filter appears as a very large, extensive nebulous region just NE of NGC 6589 and NGC 6595. Has an elongated, irregular shape. Includes a mag 7.5 star near the north end. IC 1284 is a connected portion.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1283 on the photographic plate taken with the 6" Willard in Jun 1892. He commented that BD -19° 4948 is nebulous and "the nebulosity is very small and principally noticeable on the southern side of the [9.3 magnitude] star." Megastar misidentifies IC 1283 as NGC 6595, which is identical to NGC 6590.

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IC 1284 = Ced 157d = BBW 33903 = Gum 78 = Sh 2-37 = RCW 153 = LBN 47 = ESO 590-16

18 17 42 -19 40; Sgr

Size 17'x15'

17.5" (7/26/95): this is the northeastern section of the IC 1283/1284 nebulosity surrounding mag 7.6 SAO 161273. Although brightest around the star, the nebula appears to nearly merge with IC 1283 stretching SW to a mag 9 star located 7' SW. Located less than 15' NE of the bright reflection nebulae NGC 6589 and NGC 6595.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1284 on a photographic plate taken with the 6" Willard lends on 31 May 1892. He noted "an unknown nebulous star [BD -19° 4953]. It is shown on the photograph to be nearly symmetrically surrounded with a faint diffused nebulosity about 15' in diameter. Perhaps this nebulosity is a little denser and more extensive following. Visually with the 12 inch, I cannot be certain of seeing the nebulosity on account of the brightness of the central star." He later described nearby IC 1283 in AN 3111. Barnard's position matches the mag 7.6 star involved.

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IC 1285

18 16 10 +25 06.1; Her

Size 0.6'

24" (8/12/18): at 375x; IC 1285 is an asterism of 4 stars within 30". On the NW side are the brighter two; a 10" pair of mag 14.1 and 14.8. Close east are two mag 15.5/15.7 stars are 18". The faintest star (SE end) was difficult in fairly poor transparency due to wildfire smoke. Located 6.6' NW of NGC 6602.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1285 = Big. 224 on 8 Aug 1888 and logged a mag 13.3 star accompanied by a few additional fainter stars that perhaps might have some traces of nebulosity. There is no nebulosity. Just a small group of 4 stars.

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IC 1286 = UGC 11191 = MCG +09-30-010 = CGCG 279-007 = PGC 61666

18 16 14.3 +55 35 28; Dra

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 85°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 E-W, ~50"x12", weak concentration. Resides within a group of brighter stars, included a mag 10.3 star 2.4' N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1286 = Sw. 7-96 on 11 Jun 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 pB st[ars]." His position is just off the east edge of UGC 11191 and the identification is certain (the mentioned stars are north and south).

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IC 1287 = LBN 75 = Ced 163

18 31 18 -10 50; Sct

Size 44'x34'

18" (8/11/07): this was a difficult observation to confirm as this large, very faint reflection nebula is illuminated by mag 5.7 HD 170740 (unequal double STF 2325 = 5.9/9.2 at 12") and the bright star naturally has some surrounding scattered light. Adding a wide bandpass Deep Sky filter the glow definitely brightened and increased in size. The contrast improvement was easy to see by blinking with the filter. It was difficult to estimate a size as the haze faded into the background, but appeared ~15'-20' in size. Open cluster NGC 6649 lies 38' NE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1287 on a plate taken with the 12" Willard lens on 29 Jun 1892. He noted (AN 3111) "the 5.5 mag star BD -10° 4713 is shown to be nebulous. The star is surrounded by a large diffused nebulosity, somewhat extended in a direction nf and sp. A telescopic examination [probably with the 12" refractor] with a very low power confirms the photograph." Base on photographs at the Helwan observatory in Egypt in 1919-20, it was described as "a very large patch of faint, diffuse nebulosity around Boss 4687 extending chiefly to the south of it.

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IC 1288 = UGC 11256 = MCG +07-38-007 = PGC 61941

18 29 22.6 +39 42 47; Lyr

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°

24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 N-S. Resides within a group of stars including a mag 15 star at the north tip [22" from center]. Also nearby is a mag 12.7 star [49" from center] and a mag 12 star 1' due W. Located 10' SSW of NGC 6646 in a triple group (physical) with IC 1289.

13.1" (7/20/85): faint, thin edge-on N-S. A number of stars are near; two mag 11/13 stars are 1.1' W and 1.4' WNW of center. A mag 12 star is close NE, 0.8' from center, and a mag 15 star is at the north tip 22" from center. Located 9' SSW of NGC 6646 in a trio with IC 1289.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1288 = Sw. 7-97 on 19 Oct 1887 and recorded "vF; S; lE; nearly between a double and a single star."

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IC 1289 = MCG +07-38-009 = CGCG 228-011 = PGC 61958

18 30 02.3 +39 57 51; Lyr

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 145°

24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration. A very faint mag 15.8 star is at the south edge. A mag 8.8 star is 6' WSW. Located 7.5' NE of NGC 6846 in a trio with IC 1288.

13.1" (7/20/85): extremely faint, fairly small, diffuse, very low even surface brightness, possibly elongated. Located 7.5' NE of NGC 6646 in a trio with IC 1288. A mag 8.5 star lies 5.8' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1289 = Sw. 7-98 on 19 Oct 1887 and recorded "eeeF; pS; lE; 3 stars in line point to it." His position is 2.8' too far northwest. The "3 stars in line point to it" likely refer to a collinear trio that starts 3' SE.

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IC 1291 = UGC 11283 = MCG +08-34-004 = CGCG 255-006 = KAZ 486 = PGC 62049

18 33 52.7 +49 16 42; Dra

V = 13.0; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30°

48" (11/5/21): at 610x; fairly bright, moderately large, ~1.2' diameter, irregular shape with spiral structure though roughly elongated 3:2 NW-SE, very uneven surface brightness. The core is a small brighter region only 15" NW of two superimposed 15th magnitude stars that hampered the view.

A fairly well defined spiral arm begins just NW of the core. Though low surface brightness, it was easily seen extending north and gently curving towards a mag 13.5 star [52" N of center]. A small, slightly brighter knot was midway along the arm. Also a slightly brighter region [part of the southern "arm"] and a faint star (mag 16.5-17) was noted ~0.5' S of center. The halo bulged out on the SE end.

24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregular shape. Two 15th magnitude stars are superimposed [separation 11" on DSS2] with a weak core just to the northwest of these stars. The glow elongates further to the NW of the core [this is the central bar]. An extremely small HII knot, ~5" diameter, occasionally popped in the same position near the NW end of the "bar" [18" NW of center]. There was a hint of an arm curling further northward towards a mag 13.5 star [0.8' NNE of center]. A mag 13 star is 1' WNW and two mag 11.5 stars further NW are collinear with the galaxy.

LEDA 214690 was glimpsed 3.7' NE. At 375x it appeared extremely faint (B ~16.7), very small, round, 12" diameter. It only occasionally popped with averted vision but verified as the position was consistent.

24" (9/10/15): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, increases in length with averted vision to ~40"x16". Appears to have a very faint quasi-stellar nucleus, along with a faint superimposed star very close southeast. A mag 13.5 star is less than 1' N of center. An HII region in the northwest spiral arm was not seen, though the transparency was fairly poor. Two mag 11-11.5 star lie 2.4' and 3.4' NNW (collinear with the galaxy) and a mag 9.8 star is 4.2' SW. Situated in a busy star field.

17.5" (7/24/95): very faint, small, irregular glow of 30" diameter. Appears to have no core but there are one or two extremely faint mag 15.5-16 stars superimposed on the south end. Nearly collinear with two mag 10.5-11 stars 2.3' and 3.3' NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1291 = Sw. 10-46 on 5 Jun 1891 and recorded "eF; vS; R; F * close N." His position is 13 seconds of RA too far west and 2.3' too far north (3.3' NW of the galaxy). Herbert Howe, in his survey of NGC and IC objects around 1900, mentions he was unable to see a "F * close N", though noted two 12th mag star north-following and north-preceding. But Swift was probably referring to the star less than 1' NNE, which is closer to mag 13.5. Howe also measured an accurate position that was repeated in the IC 2 notes section.

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IC 1293

18 41 37.2 +56 19 06; Dra

Size 0.5'

24" (7/19/17): at 282x; this asterism consists of four mag 15-15.5 stars in a 30" string ~N-S. Three of the stars were easily resolved, while the 4th (2nd from north) was difficult. Also a 14th mag star is 0.6' NW of the string.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1293 = Sw. 8-97 on 29 Aug 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; lE; * in center; ? D[ouble]; another nr. suspected sf." His position matches a 30" string of 4 stars with two other stars nearby. In his review of NGC and IC objects, Howe reported "It appears to consist of 3 stars of mag. 14 of which the following one is nebulous''.

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IC 1295 = PK 25-4.2 = PN G025.4-04.7

18 54 36.5 -08 49 49; Sct

V = 12.5; Size 102"x87"

24" (8/12/15): At 220x + UHC filter, the rim was clearly brighter, particularly along the south side. But the west side of the planetary was weaker with a darker indentation, creating a "C" appearance, open to the west. A very faint, fairly thin outer shell was visible with careful viewing. This envelope was roughly the thickness of the brighter rim. Increasing to 375x and removing the filter, I counted 8 or 9 superimposed stars including several around or just off the edge. The stellar planetary K 4-8 lies just 4.7' NW in the same high power field and NGC 6712 is 24' WNW in the same low power field.

K4-8 was easily visible unfiltered as a mag 14.5 "star", the middle of 5 stars in a shallow 51" arc, concave to the northwest. Excellent contrast gain adding a UHC filter at 220x, so it was very easy to identify.

33" (9/15/07): at 200x appeared weakly annular with a slightly darker hole in the center and slightly brighter rim except on the west edge where there was an indentation or darker notch taking a small bite out of the rim.

18" (7/22/06): at 220x and UHC filter this fairly bright, large planetary was crisp-edged, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~1.5x1.3' in size. The rim appeared slightly brighter, particularly along the south side giving a weak impression of annularity. Several stars bracket the planetary and four or five mag 14-15.5 stars appear within the disc at 325x without a filter. I viewed this object along with NGC 6712 and the stellar planetary K 4-8 in the same low power field of view!

17.5" (6/30/00): fairly bright at 220x using a UHC filter as a roundish disc, ~1.6'x1.4'. The surface brightness is irregular and it appears slightly brighter along the southwest and northwest portion of the rim. The unfiltered view at 280x also reveals a mottled appearance with a mag 13.5-14 star situated right at the west edge and a mag 14.5 star in the interior (a bit offset from center). A couple of extremely faint stars are at the following edge. Located 24' ESE of NGC 6712.

17.5" (5/10/86): bright, large, round, 1.5' diameter. Very pretty at 220x, estimate V = 12.0-12.5. The stellar planetary K 4-8 is just 4.6' WNW.

13.1" (7/27/84): the rim on the south or SW side appears brighter but no definite annularity was seen.

13.1" (8/15/82): fairly faint, appears slightly elongated in an E-W orientation.

8" (6/27/81): faint, round, fairly small. Located 25' ESE of NGC 6712 in the same low power field. Observation mentioned in 10/81 S&T for smallest scope!

5": visible with a 5" stop on my 13.1" without filter and easy with UHC at 79x!

Truman Safford discovered IC 1295 = Sf. 82 on 28 Aug 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at Dearborn Observatory in Chicago and recorded "pB, pL, gradually brighter in the middle." Édouard Stephan redisocvered it on 24 Jul 1881 (or perhaps was aware of Safford's discovery?) and logged a rough position was poor (6' too far NNW). He didn't reduce and publish an accurate position, so IC 1295 wasn't included in the NGC. Heber Curtis first recognized it as a planetary nebula in 1919. Burnham's Celestial Handbook and the Sky Atlas 2000.0 mislabel this planetary as IC 1298.

In 1919, Heber Curtis reported it was undoubtedly a planetary nebula based on a Crossley photograph and described it as "Exceedingly faint; a faint, hazy ring about 2' x 1.5' in p. a. 90°±. The central portions are relatively vacant, and it is fainter along and at the ends of the major axis. There are three faint stars at the center, of which one is probably the central star."

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IC 1296 = UGC 11374 = MCG +06-41-022 = CGCG 201-040 = PGC 62532

18 53 18.8 +33 03 58; Lyr

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 80°

48" (4/1/11): at 375x this low surface brightness galaxy near M57 was visible with direct vision as a faint, fairly small, round, glow with a very small bright core and diffuse halo. At 488x it appeared fairly faint, 40" diameter with a round, very small bright nucleus. Surprisingly, two faint spiral arms were just visible extending from the nucleus! A brighter arm is attached at the south side and winds counterclockwise towards the southwest. It was often visible with averted vision. The fainter arm on the north side curving northeast required more effort and was only occasionally visible but confirmed. A mag 13.8 star is close preceding (26" W of center).

17.5" (7/5/86 and 7/2/89): extremely faint, small, round, very low surface brightness. This difficult galaxy is situated just 4' NW of M57! Located along the north side of a small rhombus of mag 13-14 stars with sides of 1.5'. IC 1296 is just 30" ESE of a mag 14 star.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1296 visually on 2 Oct 1893 with the Lick 36-inch refractor. His description in AN 3200 reads "this nebula is about 1/2' diameter. Not round. A little brighter in the middle. About 14th magnitude." His position matches this faint spiral, located just 4' NW of M57.

In a paper written by James Keeler in 1899 ("The Ring Nebula in Lyra"), he noted "Barnards small nebula.—The negative obtained with two hours’ exposure shows that the small nebula discovered by Professor Barnard with the 36-inch refractor in 1893 is a left- handed, two-branched spiral. The extreme diameter on the photograph is about 30."

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IC 1297 = PK 358-21.1 = ESO 337-20 = RU CrA = PN G358.3-21.6

19 17 23.5 -39 36 46; CrA

V = 10.7; Size 11"x9"

14.5" (7/11/21): obvious at 140x as a small, bluish disc, at least 10" diameter. Excellent contrast gain with a UHC filter. Nice crisply defined disc at 182x. Using 264x, the rim seems slightly brighter (weakly annular). I tried 352x but the low elevation wouldn't support this power well. Located 16' WSW of mag 7.4 HD 180546.

13.1" (8/8/86): bright, small, 10"-15" diameter, slight bluish-green color. Very pretty sight at 166x and 214x, estimate V = 11.5-12.0.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1297 in 1894 on an objective-prism plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. Pickering announced the discovery in AN 3227. Robert Innes independently found it at the Transvaal Observatory in Johannesburg on 20 Oct 1909 and reported it as "a planetary nebula looking like a double star out of focus, 9.3 mag. Diameter 8"x6", longer axis is in 270°-90°."

A star (HD 180206) is also plotted at this position on the Uranometria 2000 Atlas because the CoD and CPD catalogue included the central star (RU CrA) as an entry.

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IC 1298

19 18 36 -01 35 46; Aql

Size 0.5'

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; this small group of stars that is located just 3' E of planetary nebula NGC 6778, contains two brighter mag 13/14 stars and at least 3 fainter mag 15+ stars with ~30".

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1298 = Big. 225 on 30 Jul 1889 and called it a "vS Cl, [NGC] 6778 p 3 arcmin." His position and description corresponds with this small group of stars.

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IC 1299

19 22 41 +20 44 30; Vul

Size 4'x2.5'

24" (9/16/17): at 200x; at Espin's position is a glowing Milky Way patch with 10-12 stars superimposed. Most of these are 13th mag stars arranged in a loop or semi-ellipse, open on the north end [2.4' across]. The group appears visually to be a random, unimpressive asterism.

Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 1299 on 8 Oct 1893, while searching for double stars. He noted it was "proably a cluster of very faint stars.

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IC 1300 = NGC 6798 = UGC 11434 = MCG +09-32-002 = CGCG 281-001 = PGC 63171

19 24 03.2 +53 37 29; Cyg

V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 150°

See observing notes for NGC 6798.

Lewis Swift found IC 1300 = Sw. 10-47 on 2 Oct 1891 and recorded "eF; vS; R." There is nothing near his position. Howe searched unsuccessfully for IC 1300 on two nights at Swift's position. He communicated afterwards with Swift, who responded that the IC position was one degree too far south. This implies IC 1300 = NGC 6798. In the IC 2 Notes, Dreyer comments for IC 1300, "Delenda, = 6798."

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IC 1301 = IC 4867 = UGC 11437 = MCG +08-35-010 = CGCG 256-017 NED1 = PGC 63207

19 26 32.0 +50 07 31; Cyg

Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 19°

24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15". A 1.2' pair (STTA 182) of mag 7.4 and mag 8.6 stars is 2' to 3' NE. The brighter star has a mag 11.5 companion at 35".

IC 4867 = IC 1301 forms a close pair with MCG +08-35-011 1' NE. The companion appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter, only pops occasionally.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1301 = Sw. 9-93 on 15 Apr 1890 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; 2 B and 1 F * in line nr f, nearest * nf close D with 300." There is nothing near his position, though it is about 30' due south of UGC 11437. Herbert Howe commented that he "searched for these [IC 1300 and 1301] in vain" on two nights. Howe contacted Swift, who responded with a corrected declination of IC 1301 placing it 35' further north. This places IC 1301 7' N of UGC 11438 = CGCG 256-018, which CGCG, RC3 and Malcolm Thomson identify as IC 1301. But this galaxy does not match Swift's description of the surrounding stars. Harold Corwin notes that 15' N of the corrected position is IC 4867, found visually by Burnham on 21 Jun 1901 while measuring O∑ 182, and this galaxy matches Swift's description, so is a much more likely candidate.

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IC 1302 = MCG +06-43-002 = LGG 428-002 = PGC 63307

19 30 52.9 +35 47 07; Cyg

V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2

17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, very small, irregularly round. Bracketed by a mag 11 star off the south edge 35" from center and a mag 14.5 star a similar distance north. Forms an interesting pair with IC 1303 9.4' NE in a rich Cygnus star field.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1302 = Sf. 36 on 9 Jun 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He simply note "vF, undefined" and his position is 2' too far south-southwest.

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IC 1303 = UGC 11452 = MCG +06-43-004 = LGG 428-003 = PGC 63328

19 31 30.2 +35 52 35; Cyg

Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 115°

17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, small, slightly elongated 4:3 E-W, 40"x30", no concentration. Collinear with two mag 14 stars to the SW with one star at the edge of the halo. Forms an unusual pair with IC 1302 9.4' SW in a rich Milky Way field.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1303 = Sf. 37 on 9 Jun 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He recorded "vF, 30" diam, with small cluster." His position is 2' too far southwest.

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IC 1308 = [Hubble25] X = [Hodge77] HII 14 = [Hodge77] A13 = KD D26

19 45 05.3 -14 43 16; Sgr

Size 45"

48" (5/16/12): bright, fairly small, irregularly round. At ~30", this HII knot is slightly larger than Hubble V and more uniform in surface brightness but the brighter portions of Hubble V have a higher surface brightness. This is the easternmost of four HII knots along the northern side of Barnard's Galaxy.

18" (7/12/10): easily visible unfiltered at 225x and stands out fairly well at 285x as a 25" knot (irregularly round). Situated 1.7' NW of a mag 12/14 double star at ~8" separation. This is the slightly fainter of a similar pair of HII knots at the north end of NGC 6822 with Hubble V just 3' W.

17.5" (9/1/02): the eastern of two HII regions at the north end of Barnard's galaxy. Easily visible with averted vision at 220x without a filter and there is mild contrast gain using an OIII filter at 140x.

17.5" (7/14/99): following of a pair of HII regions with Hubble V at the north end of NGC 6822 = Barnard's Galaxy. Visible with direct vision at 220x and 280x without a filter. There was a mild contrast gain using a UHC filter at these magnifications.

17.5" (8/21/98): easily visible at 220x without a filter as a 30" round knot along with Hubble V just 3.1' W. Because I had no problem viewing this HII region without filtration I didn't blink or use an OIII filter.

17.5" (5/10/91): HII region on the NE edge of NGC 6822. At 82x and OIII filter, appeared as a faint, very small but clearly nebulous round knot. Estimate mag 14. A mag 12 star lies 2' SE (very close double on the POSS). Not seen without a filter. Forms a pair with similar Hubble V just 3' W.

Francis Leavenworth discovered the HII region IC 1308 = LM(S) 791 on 18 Jun 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick observatory. Leavenworth missed the galaxy itself, but he found the two bright HII regions at its north end. Dreyer assumed Leavenworth's #790 (the previous object in the table) referred to NGC 6822 as the description for IC 1308 reads, "extremely faint, extremely small, little elongated, gradually brighter in the middle, 6822 precedes 12 seconds". But #790 in the table refers to the HII region Hubble V! Leavenworth was the source of the confusion as he credited Barnard as the discoverer for the two HII regions. Ironically, E.E. Barnard made an independent discovery of the two HII regions on 7 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.

The IC position is accurate but Paul Hodge didn't identify this HII knot as IC 1308 in his 1988 paper "The HII regions of NGC 6822", P.A.S.P. 100:917-934 or in "A Catalogue of diffuse nebula and emission-line stars in NGC 6822", 94:444-452, June 1982. But Hubble's seminal 1925 paper on NGC 6822 (http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/full/1925ApJ....62..409H), mentions nebula X is identical to IC 1308.

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IC 1309 = PGC 64030

20 03 01.5 -17 13 55; Sgr

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 35°

24" (6/22/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Located in eastern Sagittarius, 7' N of mag 7.6 HD 189926. The listed PGC magnitude of 13.6 is too bright (HyperLeda gives B = 15.06 ± 0.5).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1309 = J. 1-385 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1310 = Berkeley 50 = LBN 181 = Ced 178

20 10 01 +34 58 06; Cyg

Size 4'

17.5" (8/2/97): picked up at 100x as a small nebulous patch in a rich Milky Way field surrounding a mag 13 star. It didn't stand out well at this power due to the rich environment but the glow had a noticeably higher surface brightness than the unresolved Milky Way glow. The view was improved at 220x; a faint sprinkling of stars were superimposed (8-10 with averted vision) and the 2' cluster had an irregular outline. Appeared similar to a partially resolved globular. A nice mag 12/13 double star [9" separation] is off the NE end 1.5' from center. The view holds up well at 410x and one or two additional faint stars were resolved.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1310 on 19 Sep 1893 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England while sweeping for red stars. He simply recorded "faint nebulosity" Very close to his position is this faint cluster, which was independently catalogued as Berkeley 50.

Probably due to the IC description, Cederblad included IC 1310 in his list of bright nebulae as well as Beverly Lynds, although there is no nebulosity.

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IC 1311 = OCL 173 = OCL 174 = Lund 925 = 928 = Cr 414 = Tr 36

20 10 47 +41 10 30; Cyg

V = 13.1; Size 6'

17.5" (8/17/93): very faint cluster; consists of ~15 stars mag 13.5 to 15 in a 4'x3' oval outline over unresolved haze. A mag 10 star is off the west side and most resolved stars are around the periphery. Located within a semi-circle of bright stars including mag 6.9 SAO 49274 5' N and mag 8.1 SAO 49289 6' E.

8" (8/15/82): very small group of four mag 13 stars. Use high power to resolve.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1311 on 6 Oct 1893 with his 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England while sweeping for red stars. He recorded an "extremely faint nebula within a circle of bright stars." His position (though mentioned as approximate in his discovery list) is fairly accurate. The Lynga 5 position, though, is incorrect (repeated in Sky Catalogue 2000 and Skiff & Luginbuhl).

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IC 1313 = MCG -03-51-008 = PGC 64463 = LEDA 891211

20 18 43.7 -16 56 46; Cap

V = 14.1; Size 1.8'x1.4'; PA = 26°

24" (6/22/17): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, ~1' diameter, very small brighter nucleus (no core). A 13th magnitude star is superimposed on the west side [18" from center].

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1313 = J. 1-386 on 25 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1317 = UGC 11546 = MCG +00-52-004 = CGCG 373-005 = II Zw 82 = PGC 64586

20 23 15.6 +00 39 52; Aql

V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 80°

17.5" (7/8/94): fairly faint, small, round, 0.5' diameter, weak even concentration to a brighter core and faint stellar nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 1.6' NNE and a mag 15 star is 40" NW. Described as a planetary in the IC.

17.5": fairly faint, extremely small, round, bright core, compact.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1317 = Sp 23 on 30 Sep 1891 with the 27-inch refractor in Vienna. His position is accurate, though he called it a "planetary nebula = mag 12 star, size 1/4' or slightly less, easily visible." Based on a Crossley plate taken Lick Observatory (1912), Charles Perrine also described a "faint planetary about 15" in diameter" (perhaps using Spitaler's comment).

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IC 1318 = LBN 223 = LBN 234 = LBN 245 = LBN 251 = Ced 176 = Sh 2-108 = Gamma Cyg Nebula = Butterfly Nebula

20 22 14 +40 15 24; Cyg

18" (7/13/07): Both portions of the "Butterfly Nebula" were easily visible at 12.5x in my 80mm finder using an H-beta filter and were an amazing sight in my 18-inch at 73x using both H-beta and UHC filters as they stretched across the entire 67' field of field and separated by a wide dark lane (LDN 889).

IC 1318d (centered ~1° east of Gamma Cyg) passes through two 7th magnitude stars (HD 194789 and HD 194908) and is very prominent near these stars. This swath of nebulosity courses mainly SW and NE from these stars. To the west of the bright stars, the nebula is bifurcated into two forks by a dark lane. To the north and NE of the stars, the nebulosity spreads out wider and is interspersed with darker regions. Overall the surface brightness of this section is fairly high but varies quite a bit in intensity and is slightly brighter on the following side of the NE end where it contrasts with the wide dust lane that separates IC 1318e to the SE.

IC 1318e is situated roughly 35' SE of IC 1318d on the opposite side of dark nebula LDN 889. This bright section passes through several wide double stars and gently curves as it sweeps from SW to NE. The overall length is at least 35'x10' (not as wide as on photographs but nearly as long). One or two darker spots or regions lie within the nebulosity although it appears as a single continuous piece without as much structure as IC 1318d.

IC 1318b is possibly the brightest piece of the IC 1318 complex and is located ~2° NW of Gamma Cyg (Sadr). At 73x and either H-beta or UHC filter, it appeared very extended SW-NE or WSW-ENE, roughly 40'x8' and passes through a mag 8 star. This section was easily visible at 12.5x in the 80mm finder using a H-beta filter. The brightest portion is to the NE of the mag 8 star and a number of similar mag stars are involved with this portion. Removing the filter, this section was still visible though the highest contrast was using a UHC filter. To the SW of the star, this river of nebulosity takes a mild bend and flows more towards the south. Another fainter section of nebulosity (not included in the size estimate) spreads out to the NNW of the mag 8 star.

12.5x80mm (7/13/07): viewed in 80mm finder using an H-beta filter. The two roughly parallel brightest sections to the east of Gamma that form the "Butterfly Nebula" (IC 1318d and 1318e) were obvious as extremely large parallel strips oriented ~SW-NE and separated by a wide dark lane.

16x80 (8/23/84): extremely large complex of irregular emission nebulae surrounded Gamma Cygni (position given) with six sections visible at 16x using a UHC and H-beta filters. Overfills the 4° finder field! The most prominent section is an isolated patch NW of Gamma at the edge of the field (IC 1318b = Ced 176c = LBN 251 = DWB 82) and next are two parallel strips just east (IC 1318d = LBN 249) and SE of Gamma (IC 1318e = LBN 245) that have fairly sharp edges. Observation from Mt Rose (above Lake Tahoe) using the finder.

2x Night-vision with 6nm H-alpha (1/1/22): I had previously viewed the IC 1318 complex at 1x with the Televue image-intensified monocular, though with a 2x lens several individual sections could be distinguished that were slighty separated.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1318 on a photographic plate taken with the Willard lens in 1892. He simply mentioned "A photograph which I have made in 1892 with five hours of exposure was Chi Cygni, shows Gamma Cygni to be surrounded by numerous large patches and strips of nebulosity." (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894).

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IC 1319 = ESO 596-37 = MCG -03-52-007 = PGC 64675

20 26 01.2 -18 30 15; Cap

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 9°

17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.6'x0.5', very weak concentration. Located 2.1' SE of mag 8.5 HD 194394, which makes the observation more difficult. Forms a close pair with MCG +02-52-006 2.9' SW which was not noticed.

13.1" (8/17/85): faint, small, round, very weak concentration. Located 2.1' SE of mag 8.5 SAO 163559 which interferes with viewing. Forms a pair with NGC 6912 13' SE. Also viewed the week before on 8/11/85 with similar notes.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1319 = J. 1-387 on 20 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1320 = UGC 11560 = MCG +00-52-009 = CGCG 373-008 = PGC 64685

20 26 25.7 +02 54 35; Del

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 87°

17.5" (8/21/98): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, weak concentration. Brightest in a group with UGC 11561 at 17.5' S and UGC 11562 at 13.6' south.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1320 = J. 2-791 on 19 Aug 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 1321 = ESO 596-043 = MCG -03-52-011 = PGC 64751

20 28 11.1 -18 17 29; Cap

V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 85°

24" (6/22/17): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 25" diameter, nearly even low surface brightness. Located 13' SE of mag 5.2 Pi Cap!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1321 = J. 1-388 on 17 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not plotted on the Uranometria 2000 Atlas (2nd version).

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IC 1322 = PGC 64822

20 30 08.5 -15 13 40; Cap

Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 100°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, nearly stellar nucleus. Just visible continuously with averted (near end of astronomical twilight). Located 17' SW of yellow mag 6.1 HD 195330. A trio of mag 10/10.5/11.5 stars is 7' NNE. A mag 12 star is 2' ESE and the field is populated by many stars mag 11 and fainter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1322 = J. 1-389 on 16 Jul 1891. His position is accurate. PGC and HyperLEDA fail to identify PGC 64822 as IC 1322.

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IC 1324 = MCG -02-52-012 = PGC 64906

20 32 12.3 -09 03 22; Cap

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.4'

24" (6/23/17): at 375x; moderately bright, small, round, 20" diameter (core only). Contains a very small, very bright nucleus. A thin halo increases the size with averted to 30"-35" diameter. A mag 14.7 star is 50" S of center and a mag 12.4 star is 1.3' SSE. IC 1324 is situated 3.4' N of mag 9.8 HD 195514.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1324 = Sw. 7-100 on 16 Sep 1887 and recorded "eeF; S; R; 8th mag. * s[outh]". There's nothing at his original position, but Herbert Howe corrected the RA 26 seconds further east. This position matches MCG -02-52-012 = PGC 64906 and the bright star is 3.3' nearly due south.

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IC 1325 = NGC 6928 = UGC 11589 = MCG +02-52-017 = CGCG 424-021 = LGG 438-003 = WBL 663-002 = PGC 64932

20 32 50.4 +09 55 37; Del

V = 12.2; Size 2.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 106°

See observing notes for NGC 6928.

Lewis Swift found IC 1325 = Sw. 8-98, along with IC 1326, on 23 Sep 1888 and reported "vF; S; 3 or 4 F st inv; sp of 2 [with IC 1326 = NGC 6930]." His position is 3' south of NGC 6928 and he confused the orientation of the two galaxies, which is northwest-southeast, but IC 1325 = NGC 6928 and IC 1326 = NGC 6930.

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IC 1326 = NGC 6930 = UGC 11590 = MCG +02-52-018 = CGCG 424-022 = LGG 438-004 = WBL 663-003 = PGC 64935

20 32 58.8 +09 52 28; Del

V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 8°

See observing notes for NGC 6930.

Lewis Swift found IC 1326 = Sw. 8-99, along with IC 1325, on 23 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; eE; spindle; pF * nr south; wide D * nr sf; ee diff; nf of 2 [with IC 1325]." His position is 1' NNE of NGC 6930 and he confused the orientation, which is northwest to southeast. Herbert Howe suggested the NGC/IC equivalences (IC 1325 = NGC 6928 and IC 1326 = NGC 6930) and measured an accurate position.

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IC 1327 = CGCG 373-038 = PGC 65027

20 35 41.3 -00 00 21; Aql

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 170°

24" (7/16/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, round, 18" diameter, weak concentration. Located 1.5' WSW of mag 7.1 HD 196203, which detracts from viewing!

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1327 on 20 Aug 1889 with the Lick 36-inch in the field of mag 7.1 HD 196203. He measured a P.A. of 257° and a separation of 84.5". The discovery was announced in Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol II and AN 2957.

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IC 1328 = ESO 597-028 = MCG -03-52-023 = PGC 65217

20 41 57.0 -19 37 59; Cap

Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 50°

24" (7/14/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 or 5:3 SW-NE, ~25"x15", low nearly even surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1328 = J. 1-391 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1329

20 43 43 +15 36.1; Del

Size 1'

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, small irregular patch with 2 or 3 very faint stars superimposed (brightest ~15.5). Bumping the magnification to 500x, 3 resolved stars were definite and a 4th glimpsed. The DSS shows about 10 stars in a small group.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1329 = Sw. 9-95 on 23 Sep 1889 and recorded "eeeF; pL; R; in center of trap of 4 st; eee dif; in finder field with Gamma and Delta Dephini." Very close to his position is an asterism of several mag 15-16 stars that fits his description "in center of trap[ezoid] of 4 stars". Corwin confirms this group of stars is IC 1329.

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IC 1330 = MCG -02-53-002 = PGC 65345

20 46 14.9 -14 01 24; Aqr

Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 110°

24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, small brighter core. A mag 14.6 star lies 0.7' N of center. Situated 6' NNE of mag 9.6 HD 197742. IC 1330 sits within an oval ring of stars roughly 10' across.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1330 = J. 1-392 on 16 Jul 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1331 = MCG -02-53-005 = PGC 65396

20 47 48.9 -09 59 45; Aqr

V = 13.7; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 85°

17.5" (8/8/02): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 ~E-W, 0.6'x0.2', very small brighter core. A faint star is at the west tip and off the north side of the east end. Forms the north vertex of a triangle with mag 8.5 HD 197980 4.6' SW and mag 9 HD 198062 6.0' SE. Forms a pair with MCG -02-53-004 3' NNW, which was not seen. Located 30' S of mag 3.8 Epsilon Aquarii.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1331 = J. 1-393 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1332 = MCG -02-53-011 = PGC 65584

20 51 51.4 -13 42 41; Aqr

Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 64°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 8.4 star is 4.6' SW.

24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~24"x20", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5' NE of mag 8.4 HD 198557 and 15' NNE of mag 7.6 HD 198528.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1332 = J. 1-394 on 16 Jul 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1333 = IC 1334 = MCG -03-53-008 = PGC 65614

20 52 17.2 -16 17 09; Cap

Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 83°

24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 30"x20", gradually increases to the center but no distinct core or nucleus. Located 10' SW of mag 8.5 HD 198730.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1333 = J. 1-395 on 4 Aug 1891. His position is 2.4' due north of IC 1334 = PGC 65614, which was found the following July. There is only one galaxy here, so likely he made an error in the declination (different offset stars were used).

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IC 1334 = IC 1333 = MCG -03-53-008 = PGC 65614

20 52 17.2 -16 17 09; Cap

Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 83°

24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 30"x20", gradually increases to the center but no distinct core or nucleus. Located 10' SW of mag 8.5 HD 198730.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1334 = J. 1-396 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. Javelle likely discovered this galaxy the previous August, but his position for IC 1333 was 2' too far north, so he apparently thought it was a different galaxy. Most likely, IC 1333 = IC 1334. PGC labels the galaxy as IC 1334, though IC 1333 refers to the earlier observation.

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IC 1335 = LEDA 899456

20 53 06.1 -16 20 08; Cap

Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint; very small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness but visible continuously, very slightly brighter nucleus. IC 1334 is 12' WNW. BU 154, a 3" pair of mag 9/10 stars, is 11' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1335 = J. 1-397 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. HyperLEDA fails to identify LEDA 899456 as IC 1335.

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IC 1336 = ESO 598-001 = MCG -03-53-009 = PGC 65706

20 55 04.9 -18 02 19; Cap

Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 44°

24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. An E-W string of stars passes just to the north of the galaxy. Located 8' SE of mag 5.8 19 Capricorni (HD 199012).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1336 = J. 1-398 on 17 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1337 = MCG -03-53-012 = PGC 65760

20 56 52.7 -16 35 09; Cap

Size 1.2'x1.1'

24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter. Several mag 13-14 stars are nearby to the west and south and mag 9.7 HD 199296 is 7' S. IC 1338 lies 5.7' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1337 = J. 1-399 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1338 = LEDA 140938

20 56 57.8 -16 29 33; Cap

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 6°

24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15"-20" diameter, low even surface brightness. It required a careful look to initially notice this galaxy at 225x. Located 5.7' NNE of brighter IC 1337.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1338 = J. 1-400 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. HyperLEDA doesn't label this galaxy as IC 1338 and it was classified as "UNVERIFIED" in Sinnott's NGC 2000.0.

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IC 1339 = ESO 598-008 = MCG -03-53-013 = PGC 65799

20 57 55.5 -17 56 34; Cap

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 52°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, diffuse oval glow 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", broad weak concentration with a small slightly brighter nucleus with direct vision.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1339 = J. 1-401 on 17 Aug 1891 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory.

Wolfgang Steinicke uncovered that William Herschel made the original discovery on 29 Sep 1791 during a sweep of the ecliptic with the 40-foot telescope (48-inch mirror). The discovery (2nd of only 3 objects, along with NGC 4831 and 7441) was never published. Herschel's description reads "suspected a very faint round nebula, gradually brighter middle, pretty large." I assume he only estimated a rough position, being off the meridian.

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IC 1340 = Veil Nebula

20 56 12 +31 04; Cyg

Size 25'x20'

17.5": this is part of the intricate southern portion of the eastern arc (NGC 6992) of the Veil nebula. This region contains the remarkable filamentary side branches that extend west at the south end of NGC 6992 and NGC 6995. See description for NGC 6992.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1340 = Sf. 51 on 13 Sep 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He noted "possibly connected with h2093 [NGC 6995]." His position is ~1.5' NE of this knot in NGC 6995.

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IC 1341 = MCG -02-53-016 = PGC 65876

21 00 16.7 -13 58 35; Aqr

Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 61°

24" (7/11/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, 30"x20", low uniform surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is close off the south edge, 40" from center. A mag 9.7 star (HD 199883) lies 2.8' N. IC 1346 lies 20' E (similar redshift).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1341 = J. 1-402, along with IC 1346 and IC 1350 on 7 Aug 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1342 = MCG -03-53-017 = PGC 65878

21 00 25.4 -14 29 45; Aqr

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 74°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, slightly brighter nucleus, 24" diameter. Situated just 2.8' SE of a bright mag 8.8 star. LEDA 187816, 5' NW, appeared faint, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter nucleus.

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 2.8' SE of mag 8.8 HD 199853. LEDA 187816, picked up 5' NW, appeared faint, small, round, 18" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. Can hold steadily at this magnification. The two galaxies have a similar redshift (z = .027), so likely are physically related.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1342 = J. 1-403 on 20 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1343 = LEDA 187855

21 01 00.7 -15 24 13; Cap

Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 173°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, ~25"x10", slightly brighter core. IC 1356 is 36' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1343 = J. 1-404 on 4 Aug 1891. There's nothing at his position but just 10 seconds of RA west is this galaxy (matches in declination). Likely he made an error in recording the offset in time.

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IC 1344 = MCG -02-53-018 = PGC 65913

21 01 16.5 -13 22 49; Aqr

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 50°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, low surface brightness, no core or noticeable zones. A faint star is close to the southwest end. A mag 13.9 star is 1.2' NE and collinear with the major axis. First in a group of 9 IC galaxies within 16'! Forms a pair with IC 1345 1.7' SE. Located 9' N of 6.5-magnitude 9 Aquarii.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1344 = J. 1-405 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group of galaxies.

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IC 1345 = LEDA 938504

21 01 22.2 -13 23 51; Aqr

Size 0.35'x0.35'

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; extremely to very faint, extremely small, round, 12" diameter. Located 1.7' SE of IC 1344 in a group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1345 = J. 1-406 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group of galaxies. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label its LEDA 938504 as IC 1345.

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IC 1346 = MCG -02-53-019 = PGC 65927

21 01 37.0 -13 57 38; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.6'

24" (7/11/18): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, low uniform surface brightness, 30" diameter. Slightly brighter IC 1350 lies 7.5' NE and slightly fainter IC 1341 is 20' W.

LEDA 93132, situated 2.0' N, appeared faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 13.2 star is 40" SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1346 = J. 1-407, along with IC 1354, on 7 Aug 1891. There is nothing at either of his positions but their relative positions point to IC 1346 = MCG -02-53-019 and IC 1354 = MCG -02-53-021. Harold Corwin worked backwards and found that Javelle misidentified his offset star, which caused the poor positions. He found the second galaxy again on 26 July 1892 and measured an accurate position. As a result IC 1354 is better known as IC 1350.

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IC 1347 = MCG -02-53-020 = PGC 65928

21 01 44.4 -13 18 47; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 1°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, round, small brighter nucleus, 25" diameter. Situated 1.3' SE of a mag 10.4 star. Located in a group of 9 IC galaxies, including 7 in a chain.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1347 = J. 1-408 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group. His position is accurate.

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IC 1348 = LEDA 3093671

21 01 44.1 -13 21 29; Aqr

Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 155°

24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, small bright nucleus (similar to IC 1347). In a group of 9 IC galaxies with brighter IC 1347 2.7' N.

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. Located in the IC 1344 group of 9 IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1348 = J. 1-409 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group of faint galaxies. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label its LEDA 3093671 as IC 1345.

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IC 1349 = LEDA 940379

21 01 50.5 -13 15 56; Aqr

Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 51°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Located in a small group of 9 IC galaxies with IC 1353 1.5' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1349 = J. 1-410 on 6 Aug 1891 in a group of faint galaxies. His position is 30" too far northwest (same offset as IC 1351). This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label its LEDA 940379 as IC 1345.

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IC 1350 = IC 1354 = MCG -02-53-021 = PGC 65939

21 01 52.3 -13 51 10; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 160°

24" (7/11/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. IC 1346 lies 7.5' SSW.

MCG -02-53-022 = FGC 2301, situated 11' NE, appeared faint, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, 40"x10", low even surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1350 = J. 1-411 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. Javelle discovered this galaxy (along with IC 1346) on 7 Aug 1891, but he misidentified the offset star used for J. 1-415 (later IC 1354), so his position for IC 1346 is not accurate. In any case, IC 1350 = IC 1354.

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IC 1351 = LEDA 941325

21 01 52.4 -13 12 07; Aqr

Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 25°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; extremely fant, very small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.3'x0.2'. Apparently I only picked up the core of this edge-on galaxy. IC 1355 is situated is 2.3' NE. Located in a group of 9 IC galaxies

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1351 = J. 1-412 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group of faint galaxies. His position is 30" too far northwest (same offset as IC 1349 and 1355). This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label its LEDA 941325 as IC 1345.

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IC 1352 = LEDA 938673

21 01 54.9 -13 23 03; Aqr

Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 30°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, very small slightly elongated, 15"x10" or 15"x12". A mag 14 star is close north [33"]. The DSS and PanSTARRS image shows a mag 15.5 at the south edge. This star was unresolved from the galaxy. Located on the SE side of a group of 9 faint IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1352 = J. 1-413 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label LEDA 940379 as IC 1345.

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IC 1353 = LEDA 940278

21 01 56.3 -13 16 22; Aqr

Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 134°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, only glimpsed occasionally. Located 1.5' ESE of IC 1349 in a group of 9 IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1353 = J. 1-414 on 6 Aug 1891 in a group of faint galaxies. His position is just off the west side of LEDA 940278. This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label LEDA 940278 as IC 1345.

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IC 1354 = IC 1350 = MCG -02-53-021 = PGC 65939

21 01 52.3 -13 51 10; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 160°

24" (7/11/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. IC 1346 lies 7.5' SSW.

MCG -02-53-022 = FGC 2301, situated 11' NE, appeared faint, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, 40"x10", low even surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1354 = J. 1-415, along with IC 1346, on 7 Aug 1891. There is nothing at either position, but Harold Corwin found that based on their relative positions, he misidentified his offset star. Once corrected his offsets for IC 1354 match MCG -02-53-021 = PGC 65939. He found this galaxy again on 26 Jul 1892, assumed it was new, and it was assigned IC 1350. So, IC 1354 = IC 1350.

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IC 1355 = LEDA 2800921

21 01 58.4 -13 10 23; Aqr

Size 0.4'x0.4'

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint or faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located at the northeast side of a group of 9 IC galaxies in a 16' diameter (many in a N-S string).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1355 = J. 1-416 on 6 Aug 1891 in a group of faint galaxies. His position is 27" too far northwest (same offset as IC 1349 and 1351). This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label its LEDA 2800921 as IC 1355.

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IC 1356 = MCG -03-53-022 = PGC 65965

21 02 53.0 -15 48 41; Cap

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 163°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, 20" diameter, very small slightly brighter nucleus. A 10th mag star is 3' WSW. IC 1343 is 36' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1356 = J. 1-417 on 16 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1357 = PGC 66092

21 05 57.3 -10 42 58; Aqr

Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 38°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; very faint and small, ~15" diameter. Generally, I only noticed the brighter core region, but occasionally it elongated SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3'. Located 6.5' SSE of mag 8.5 HD 200783.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1357 = J. 1-418 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1358 = LEDA 2817440

21 06 29.4 -16 12 16; Cap

Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 30°

24" (9/21/22): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 20"x10", small brighter nucleus. Located 17' SW of mag 7.2 HD 200970.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1358 = J. 1-419 on 16 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1359 = UGC 11684 = MCG +02-54-001 = II Zw 103 = CGCG 426-004 = PGC 66189

21 08 43.0 +12 29 03; Del

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 171°

24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 50"x16". Unusual appearance with a small, prominent, sharply defined core. The edge-on arms appeared as thin, much fainter extensions or wings. Located 16' SSE of mag 7.7 HD 201297.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1359 = Sw. 9-96 on 11 Sep 1889 and recorded "eeF; eS; stellar; eF * attached." His position is 40" SW of center of UGC 11684. Based on my visual observation, I think it's likely he assumed the nearly stellar nucleus was a star.

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IC 1360 = CGCG 401-003 = PGC 66266

21 10 50.3 +05 04 17; Equ

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 20°

17.5" (7/22/01): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness. A bit easier to view than IC 1361 at the edge of the 220x field 10' E.

17.5" (11/25/00): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter (probably viewed core only), low even surface brightness. A faint star is close NW [34" from center]. A group of 5 mag 12-13 stars (four in a curving string) lie just to the north.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1360 = J. 2-792, along with IC 1361, on 19 Aug 1893.

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IC 1361 = UGC 11692 = MCG +01-54-002 = CGCG 401-005 = PGC 66297

21 11 29.1 +05 03 16; Equ

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 45°

17.5" (7/22/01): extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms a near equilateral triangle with a 30" pair of mag 13 stars 3' WSW and a mag 11.5 star 3' SSE. Located 10' E of IC 1360.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1361 = J. 2-793, along with IC 1360, on 19 Aug 1893.

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IC 1362 = CGCG 375-007 = PGC 66316

21 11 52.6 +02 19 45; Aqr

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 167°

24" (10/6/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15"-20" diameter, occasionally slightly elongated, low surface brightness, very small brighter nucleus. Visible continuously at 375x. Located 9' ESE of mag 8.6 HD 201893. Member of the IC 1365 group with a light travel time of ~665 million years.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1362 = Spitaler 24 on 29 Sep 1891. He described it as "Air good, but a bit hazy. Very faint, round nebula of at most 1/4' diameter; 1/2' NE of the nebula is a mag 14 star. Excentric to the middle, I notice at times a faint star." His position is accurate.

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IC 1363

21 10 40.4 +46 52 11; Cyg

Size 2'x1.5'

24" (9/5/18): at 124x; IC 1363 is an unremarkable group of stars just north of a BD 46°3214, set within an excellent Milky Way field. The BD star is an uncatalogued double consisting of a mag 10/11 pair at ~6" separation and another mag 11 star is 1' NE. Just north of this latter star are several mag 13.5-14.5 stars within a 2' region that apparently caught Espin's eye while sweeping. But the general 50' field is nearly as rich in small clumps and strings of stars.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1363 while sweeping for red stars on 9 Sep 1893 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector. He noted "Faint, extending N. from DM +46 3214, 9.4 mag." The magnitude applies to the star, not the "nebula." On the north side of this brighter star are several very faint stars. Corwin estimates the size of the asterism as ~2' x 1.5'.

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IC 1364 = MCG +00-54-006 = CGCG 375-013 = II Zw 107 = PGC 66367

21 13 24.6 +02 46 11; Equ

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 130°

17.5" (8/8/02): faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4'. Weak even concentration to a faint stellar nucleus. Located 2.7' NW of mag 9.4 SAO 126626.

17.5" (5/10/91): faint, small, round, small slightly brighter core. Located 2.6' NW of mag 9.2 SAO 126626. A mag 8 star lies 6.5' WNW and a mag 7 star is 12' SW. IC 1367 lies 18' NE and IC 1365 is 15' SE.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1364 = Sp. 25 on 30 Sep 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle found it just 3 nights later with the 30-inch refractor at Nice!

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IC 1365 = MCG +00-54-007 = CGCG 375-015 = II Zw 108 = VV 508 = PGC 66381

21 13 56.0 +02 33 56; Equ

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 57°

48" (10/27/19): this remarkable, merging galaxy contains 4 distinct nuclei in a nearly 60"x30" glow oriented WSW-ENE. The central two nuclei are separated by only 7" N-S, but were resolved cleanly at 976x. The fainter southern nuclei was faint, very small, round, ~10" diameter, while the northern core was nearly moderately bright and ~15" diameter. The outer nuclei were both 20" from the center; the western one (catalogued as LEDA 3938837) was moderately bright, fairly small, round, ~15" diameter and the eastern one very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter.

Additional group members are nearby. LEDA 1229977, 2.2' SW, appeared moderately bright, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, ~15"x8", brighter core. A mag 12.5 star is 1' E. LEDA 1230860, 2' W, was fairly faint, very small bright core, thin edge-on with very faint extensions, ~18"x5". A mag 13 star is 1.3' SW. LEDA 1232711, 4' NNE, was fairly bright, round, bright core, ~20" diameter. A mag 16.3 star is 30" E. This galaxy forms the northern vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 13 stars 1' SW and 1' S. IC 1370, also a multiple system, lies 30' SE.

24" (10/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', broad concentration, slightly brighter core. An extremely compact companion (IC 1365 NED02) is at the edge of the halo on the west side. It appeared very faint, round, ~6" diameter. The main glow forms an isosceles triangle with a mag 12 star 1.7' E and a mag 12.4 star 1.7' SSW.

LEDA 1232711, situated 4' NE, appeared very faint (V = 15.2), round, only 12"-15" diameter. An extremely faint star (V = 16.4) is less than 30" E. The galaxy forms the north vertex of an equilateral triangle with two 13th mag stars 1.1' SW and 1.2' S.

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; the main component of this multiple system (IC 1365 NED01) appeared faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 0.4'x0.3', small brighter nucleus. Just at or off the west end [21" between centers] is a faint, extremely small glow (IC 1365 NED02), ~6" diameter. A third component at the east end of the halo was difficult to confirm. The combined glow of the 2 or 3 components extends 40" WSW-ENE.

17.5" (8/8/02): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6'. Smooth, fairly low surface brightness.

17.5" (5/10/91): very faint, extremely small, round, almost stellar but there is a faint extension to the west of the core. IC 1364 lies 15' NW and NGC 7046 is 22' NE.

Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 1365 = Sw. 10-48 = Spitaler 26 on 28 Sep 1891 while searching for Comet Tempel-Swift. Rudolph Spitaler independently found the galaxy just two days later at Vienna and noted there appeared to be a second feeble nebula preceding by a few seconds. The SDSS reveals several very faint neighbors within the halo (Spitaler's nebula is IC 1365 NED02).

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IC 1366 = CGCG 375-017 = PGC 66386

21 14 08.0 +01 46 34; Aqr

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 23°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~18" diameter, a very faint star (mag 16.5) is nearly attached at the NE edge. A right triangle of stars (brightest mag 10.7) is close SW.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1366 = Spitaler 27 on 26 Sep 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. He reported (loosely translated), "Faint, irregularly round nebula. Situated between a star 11th mag and a 13th mag. Increases in the middle, a stellar center sometimes seen in the nebula."

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IC 1367 = CGCG 375-019 = PGC 66390

21 14 09.7 +02 59 37; Equ

V = 14.4; Size 0.3'x0.2'

17.5" (5/10/91): very faint, very small, round, very low even surface brightness. A mag 12 star is 1.0' WNW. Located ~15' NW of NGC 7046 and 18' NE of IC 1364.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1367 = J. 1-421 on 30 Sep 1891.

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IC 1368 = UGC 11703 = MCG +00-54-008 = CGCG 375-018 = PGC 66389

21 14 12.6 +02 10 41; Aqr

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.35'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 47°

48" (10/27/19): at 542x; between moderately bright and fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.3', brighter core, hint of structure in the outer extensions. Located 15' WSW of IC 1370. Observed in windy conditions.

24" (9/16/17): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval or spindle 5:2 SW-NE, ~40"x18", weak concentration. IC 1370 lies 15' ENE.

Edward Swift discovered IC 1368 = Sw. 10-49 on 28 Sep 1891 and reported "eeeF; S; R; eee diff.; Found searching for Comet Tempel-Swift." Howe reobserved the galaxy around 1900 and commented "on each two nights I noted it as much elongated at 225° [SW-NE]." Howe's description is accurate.

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IC 1369 = Cr 432

21 12 07 +47 46 00; Cyg

V = 8.8; Size 5'

18" (7/30/03): this fairly rich open cluster was picked up while observing dark nebula B361 located 20' S. At 73x using a 31mm Nagler, it appeared as a partially resolved glowing spot. Increasing to 215x, approximately two dozen stars were resolved in a boxy outline, roughly 4' diameter. There is a lower density of stars in the center of the group and the cluster is set over some unresolved haze. Sh 1-89, a faint planetary, lies 20' E.

13.1" (9/3/83): 15 faint stars over haze, fairly small, appears rich.

8" (8/12/83, Mt. Hamilton): rich glowing spot with many very faint stars at visual threshold over haze with averted. Also a small group of five stars in the field to the E. A wide pair ß159 = 6.0/7.5 at 135" is in the field 18' WSW.

Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 1369 on 27 Apr 1891 using the 11-inch Merz refractor at the Copenhagen Observatory (1894AN....136..317P). Rev. Thomas Espin independently discovered the cluster on 9 Sep 1893 with his 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector in England and recorded "Faint, large, many small stars."

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IC 1370 = CGCG 375-021 = II Zw 111 = PGC 66418

21 15 14.3 +02 11 31; Aqr

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 54°

48" (10/29/19): IC 1370 is a multiple system with the largest and brightest galaxy at the east side. At 610x it appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, fairly high surface brightness, 15"-18" diameter, sharp bright stellar nucleus. A mag 16 star is just 10" E of center and a mag 14.5 star is 0.9' NE. Located 3.5' W of a mag 10 star.

An extremely faint galaxy (V = 17.6) was seen 12" W of center of IC 1370. In addition, LEDA 1219013 is a double system only 23" W of IC 1370. Both components (V = 17.0/17.6) were barely resolved at 610x. LEDA 1219124 is a brighter galaxy (V = 16.8) 0.9' WNW of IC 1370. Finally, LEDA 1217822 (V = 15.8) is a thin low surface brightness edge-on 2.2' SSE of IC 1370. IC 1365, a quadruple merging system, lies 30' NW.

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. At first I thought it had a faint stellar nucleus, but this a 16th mag star at the east edge. IC 1368 lies 15' W.

24" (8/12/15): at 375x; faint, very small, round, ~10"-12" in diameter. Forms an extremely close "pair" with a mag 16 star [10" east of center], close to the edge of the small halo!

An extremely faint, stellar or nearly stellar object was occasionally glimpsed close to the west [by 24"]. This was probably LEDA 1219013, itself a double system, with a B magnitude close to 17. IC 1370 is located 3.5' S of a mag 9.5 star and the same distance west of a mag 10.1 star, so it forms the southwest vertex of an isosceles right triangle with the two stars.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1370 = J. 1-422 on 5 Oct 1891 and recorded "vF, 2 F st inv". At least one of these "stars" (as in my observation) is likely one of the components of this multiple system. On the SDSS, there are a total of 5 galaxies, with at least 4 apparently interacting.

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IC 1371 = MCG -01-54-013 = PGC 66578

21 20 15.6 -04 52 36; Aqr

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 13°

24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~35"x25", very small slightly brighter nucleus. A trio of stars is 4' W, including two mag 11 stars. IC 1371 is located 22' SW of mag 5.9 16 Aquarii.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1371 = J. 1-423 on 15 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1372 = LEDA 3083153

21 20 17.1 -05 36 16; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 127°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated NW-SE, 0.4'x0.3', broad mild concentration. Situated 12' SE of 8th mag HD 203000. A 15th mag star is 40" SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1372 = J. 1-424 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1373 = MCG +00-54-013 = CGCG 375-029 = PGC 66589

21 20 37.2 +01 05 33; Aqr

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (9/5/18): at 375x: fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter. Located 9' S of mag 8.0 HD 203173. Also a mag 9.3 star is 6' N and several other brighter stars are scattered around.

UGC 11724, located 2.7' S, was an extremely faint, ghostly streak oriented NW-SE. It only occasionally popped into visibility.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1373 = Spitaler 28 on 25 Sep 1891. He described "Faint, round nebula of 1/4' diameter and similar to a mag 13 star. Large, fuzzy core = mag 14. There is a whole nest of very faint nebula in this area; the observed one is the northernmost and most easily visible of 3. Since UGC 11724 is just south of IC 1371, he likely saw the UGC.

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IC 1374 = CGCG 375-031 = PGC 66605

21 21 02.6 +01 42 47; Aqr

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Situated 1.6' NW of a mag 9.7 star and 24' NW of mag 6.8 HD 203405.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1374 = J. 1-425 on 5 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1375 = CGCG 401-015 = PGC 66603

21 20 59.8 +03 59 08; Equ

V = 14.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'

17.5" (10/13/01): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 14 star lies 2.0' NE. A mag 15 star at the north edge was not seen in mediocre seeing.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1375 = J. 1-426 on 5 Oct 1891.

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IC 1377 = MCG +01-54-009 = CGCG 401-021 = PGC 66722

21 25 26.6 +04 18 52; Equ

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'

17.5" (11/25/00): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very weak concentration. Forms an obtuse angle with a mag 11 star 4' due south and a mag 10.5 star 5' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1377 = J. 1-427 on 9 Oct 1891.

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IC 1379 = CGCG 375-034 = PGC 66741

21 26 01.3 +03 05 51; Equ

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.4'

17.5" (7/22/01): extremely faint, very small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 20"x10". Located 1' E of a mag 13.5 star and 1.6' SE a mag 11.5 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1379 = J. 1-428 on 29 Jul 1892.

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IC 1380 = CGCG 375-035 = PGC 66779

21 27 11.0 +02 43 04; Peg

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, at most 0.3' diameter. A 10' string of 7-8 stars oriented SW-NE passes to the SE of the galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1380 = J. 1-429 on 3 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1381 = MCG +00-54-016 = CGCG 375-036 = PGC 66789

21 27 33.7 -01 11 19; Aqr

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 60°

18" (8/14/07): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". IC 1383 lies 5.4' NNE. Located 10' SE of a mag 10 star and 28' NNW of NGC 7069.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1381 = J. 1-430, along with IC 1383 and 1385, on 6 Nov 1891.

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IC 1382 = NGC 7056 = UGC 11734 = MCG +03-54-008 = CGCG 449-019 = PGC 66641

21 22 07.5 +18 39 56; Peg

V = 12.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7

See observing notes for NGC 7056.

Truman Safford found IC 1382 = Sf. 55 on 29 Sep 1866 and recorded "pF, pS, iF." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin found his RA is nearly five minutes larger than NGC 7056 and a good match in declination. Although not certain, Corwin concludes "NGC 7056 is probably equal to IC 1382.".

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IC 1383 = CGCG 375-037 = PGC 66792

21 27 39.6 -01 06 08; Aqr

V = 15.4; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 126°

18" (8/14/07): extremely faint and small, 10"x5" NW-SE. Situated between two mag 10.5-11 stars oriented NW-SE with a separation of 4'. Located 5.4' NNE of IC 1381.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1383 = J. 1-431, along with IC 1381 and 1385, on 6 Nov 1891.

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IC 1384 = MCG +00-54-017 = CGCG 375-039 = PGC 66796

21 27 53.1 -01 22 07; Aqr

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.5'

18" (8/14/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter, very low even surface brightness. Two mag 15.5 stars are less than 1' W and a third is a 1' NW. Located 17' N of NGC 7069.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1384 = J. 1-432 on 6 Nov 1891. His position is ~1' too far north.

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IC 1385 = MCG +00-54-022 = CGCG 375-042 = PGC 66832

21 28 51.2 -01 04 12; Aqr

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.5'

18" (8/14/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 21" diameter. Farthest north in a group of 5 IC galaxies to the north of NGC 7069.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1385 = J. 1-433, along with IC 1381 and 1385, on 6 Nov 1891 Discovered by Javelle.

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IC 1386 = ESO 599-016 = MCG -04-50-030 = PGC 66852

21 29 37.4 -21 11 44; Cap

V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 131°

24" (9/8/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, broad concetration but no distinct core. A nice pair of star (~11" separation) lies 3.8' SSW and a wider fainter pair (15" separation) is 3.0' ENE. Located 3.2° NW of M30.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1386 = J. 1-434 on 22 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. It's curious, though, that he described this galaxy as "bi-nuclear or a nebulous double star", as it is only a single E/S0 type.

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IC 1387 = MCG +00-54-026 = CGCG 375-045 = PGC 66851

21 29 34.5 -01 21 03; Aqr

V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0

18" (8/14/07): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 24"x16", low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star lies 27" N. Located 28' NE of NGC 7069 and furthest east in a group of 5 IC galaxies discovered by Javelle about 1.5 degrees SW of M2.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1387 = J. 1-435 on 6 Nov 1891.

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IC 1388 = MCG +00-54-027 = CGCG 375-046 = Ark 548 = PGC 66857

21 29 52.2 -00 37 53; Aqr

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 137°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 25"x20", well concentrated with a very small bright core surrounded by a faint, thin halo. Located 54' WNW of the gorgeous globular cluster M2.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1388 = Sw. 10-50 on 8 Sep 1891 and reported "eF; vS; v wide D * nr nf." His position is 2' SSE of CGCG 375-046 = PGC 66857 and the description matches.

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IC 1389 = ESO 599-018 = MCG -03-55-001 = PGC 66916

21 32 07.8 -18 01 06; Cap

Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 118°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x; very faint, small, roundish, 20" diameter, very low even surface brightness. A mag 14.6 star is 1' E. Saturn was 2° away at the time of this observation.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1389 = J. 1-436 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1390 = MCG +00-55-004 = CGCG 376-005 = PGC 66922

21 32 24.8 -01 51 45; Aqr

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; faint, fairly small, very diffuse, roundish, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. Situated 6' NNE of mag 9.2 HD 204982.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1390 = J. 1-437 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1391 = MCG +00-55-007 = CGCG 376-010 = PGC 67002

21 35 00.4 -00 30 41; Aqr

V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 84°

24" (9/8/18): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 15 star is 1' SW. Located only 30' NE of the center of showpiece globular cluster M2.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1391 = J. 1-438 on 3 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1392 = UGC 11772 = MCG +06-47-003 = KTG 73A = PGC 67017

21 35 32.8 +35 23 53; Cyg

V = 11.5; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 75°

24" (10/18/12): fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 WSW-ENE, 0.7'x0.45'. Sharply concentrated with a high surface brightness 25" core and quasi-stellar nucleus. The outer halo is much fainter and extends ~45". A mag 12.8 star is 50" NE and a similar mag 12.5 star is 40" SW. Several additional stars including a close double are off the SW side. UGC 11775 lies 4.2' SE (attached to a star).

17.5" (8/11/96): fairly faint, small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.5', moderately high surface brightness with a brighter core. Situated within a short string of three stars with a mag 12.5 star 0.9' NNE and two mag 12 stars 0.8' and 1.2' SSW. The further southern star has a mag 15 companion close following [9" separation] and there are also two mag 14.5-15.5 stars following the nearer mag 12 star off the south side. Forms a pair with faint UGC 11775 4.2' SE.

17.5" (7/16/93): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x 0.4'. A mag 13 star is 0.9' NNE of center.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1392 = Sf. 50 on 12 Sep 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and recorded "pB, very much brighter in the middle, nebulous star." His position is accurate.

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IC 1393 = ESO 531-020 = MCG -04-51-009 = PGC 67147 = PGC 67148

21 40 14.2 -22 24 40; Cap

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 172°

18" (8/9/10): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 24"x16", very weak concentration. This member of ACO S963 is located 2.7' ENE of NGC 7104 between a mag 13 star 2.3' NW and a mag 10.3 star 3.3' SE.

18" (8/11/07): very faint, very small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 20"x10", very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 2.7' ENE of NGC 7104 within cluster ACO S963.

17.5" (10/13/90): very faint, very small, round, small bright core. Third brightest in the NGC 7103 group (ACO S963) with NGC 7104 2.7' WSW, NGC 7103 6.4' SW and IC 5122 6.5' W.

Ormond Stone discovered IC 1393 = LM(S) 823 on 16 Oct 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1394 = MCG +02-55-006 = CGCG 427-011 = KAZ 688 = PGC 67145

21 40 13.0 +14 37 59; Peg

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°

24" (9/16/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a well defined small bright nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1394 = Sw. 8-100 on 14 Sep 1887 and reported "eF; S; R." His RA is 7 seconds too small, within his usual errors.

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IC 1395 = CGCG 402-015 = PGC 67183

21 41 41.4 +04 06 16; Peg

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (9/21/22): fairly faint (easy in comparison to most Javelle discoveries), small, round, 20" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. J 1790, a mag 11 pair at 2.3" separation, is 6' NE. It was close, but cleanly resolved at 230x.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1395 = J. 1-439 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1396 = Ced 195 = Sh 2-131= LBN 451 = LBN 452 = Cr 439 = Tr 37 = Lund 995

21 39 06 +57 30; Cep

Size 170'x140'

17.5" (8/22/98): the "Elephant's Trunk" is an unusual cometary globule (associated with star formation) on the west side of IC 1396, a huge but faint HII complex. The highest contrast was using a UHC filter at 100x. A 15'x5' lane was evident oriented WSW-ENE, particularly by gently rocking the scope back and forth. The "tail" of the globule or elephant's "trunk" heads west and is weakly illuminated on the edges, particularly on the south side. Near the "head" is a mag 9 star (HD 239710) and a pretty double star (STF 2813 = 9.2/9.6 at 10") to the west is embedded in the lane. With careful viewing the "trunk" shows variations in width and opacity. The head is located ~18' W of the triple star STF 2816 (5.8/7.7/7.8 at 12"/20").

17.5" (8/12/96): This HII region is most prominent with a UHC filter at 100x surrounding the triple star (HD 206267 = STF 2816 = 5.8/7.7/7.8 at 12" and 20"). The multiple star is at the center of a scattered cluster, although nebulosity was not apparent throughout the entire field. About 25' W is a pretty double star (STF 2813) whose components are aligned with the triple star. The surrounding 1° field contains a scattered cluster of brighter stars which are fairly uniformly distributed.

In the 16x80 finder unfiltered, the entire cluster is clearly encased in a faint glow at least two degrees in diameter though the nebulosity seems to be more prominent along the curving lanes of the cluster. The Daystar 300 filter gives a mild enhancement but dims the stars so the overall view is not as pleasing. Mu Cephei (Herschel's Garnet Star) is at the northeast edge of the nebulosity, ~1.5° from the center.

18" (7/11/10): Barnard 161 is an easy 6' circular dark patch within IC 1396 (north of center) just 13' N of ∑2819 = 7.4/8.7 at 13" and 25' NE of the triple star STF 2816 = 5.8/7.7/7.8 at 12" and 20". Stands out fairly well at 73x. There are extensions to the north of this cometary dark nebula that I didn't see.

16x80 (9/29/84 and 8/26/89): using a UHC filter appears as a very large, irregular nebulous glow (about 2° diameter). Very faint but definite when compared without filter. Surrounds STF 2816 = 5.8/7.7 at 12" and a large, faint, scattered star group. Visible without a filter as an extremely large, hazy region surrounding STF 2816 and fainter stars.

Naked-eye (11/30/21): IC 1396 was a very large, prominent circular glow using a handheld 1x image-intensifier monocular (PVS-14 L3 Gen3 Un-Filmed White Phosphor model) and a narrowband H-alpha filter. The nebula showed darker structure and subtle lanes.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1396 on a photographic plate taken with the Willard lens in 1893. He commented in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astr. & Astro-Phys. 13, 177-182 (1894)) that "A magnificent specimen of these [nebulous masses] I have found on one of my plates in Cepheus which was given an exposure of seven hours. This a mixture of bright stars and nebulosity. The diffused portion of this nebulosity conforms in its peculiarities with the general structure of the Milky Way, showing it be actually mixed up with the ground work of star. The brightest star of this group is DM +56° 2617."

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IC 1397 = LEDA 170372

21 44 02.3 -04 53 05; Aqr

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.45'; PA = 171°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 N-S, 25" major axis, good surface brightness, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 13.6 star is 2' SSE. Located 10' SW of mag 6.7 HD 206766 (just in field at 260x).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1397 = J. 1-440 on 15 Sep 1892. His position is accurate. HyperLEDA doesn't recognized its LEDA 170372 as IC 1397.

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IC 1398 = MCG +01-55-009 = CGCG 402-017 = PGC 67306

21 45 51.4 +09 28 31; Peg

V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 70°

24" (8/12/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.5'x0.4', diffuse with only a weak concentration. A mag 9.5 star is 2.3' ENE. Located 34' SE of mag 2.4 Enif (Epsilon Peg).

CGCG 402-020, situated 7.3' NE, appeared extremely faint, small, elongated N-S, perhaps 0.4'x0.2 diameter.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1398 = Spitaler 29 on 6 Nov 1891. He reported "Very faint nebula of 1/4' diameter, central condensation = star 15. Slightly fainter than nebula NGC 7132." His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1399 = CGCG 402-019 = PGC 67316

21 46 08.9 +04 24 08; Peg

V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 162°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; faint, small, round, at most 20" diameter, low surface brightness, very small slightly brighter nucleus. Located 15' W of mag 7.6 HD 207202.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1399 = J. 1-441 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is just off the east side of the galaxy.

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IC 1401 = UGC 11810 = MCG +00-55-015 = CGCG 376-031 = PGC 67339

21 46 59.5 +01 42 45; Aqr

V = 13.8; Size 1.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 175°

17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 N-S, 1.1'x0.3', brighter core. A faint star is superimposed on the SE end.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1401 = J. 1-442 on 5 Nov 1891.

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IC 1404 = LEDA 170377

21 50 56.4 -09 16 00; Cap

Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 30°

24" (9/21/22): relatively bright for a Javelle discovery (30" refractor), between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, 25" diameter, well concentrated with a small bright nucleus. Located 18' SSE of mag 6.5 HD 207627.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1404 = J. 1-444 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. This galaxy is missing from the PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't recognize LEDA 170377 as IC 1403.

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IC 1405 = UGC 11826 = MCG +00-55-020 = CGCG 376-037 = PGC 67470

21 50 49.8 +02 01 15; Aqr

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 115°

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak concentration. A mag 13.5/14.5 double star (~8" separation) lies 45" NW. Forms a pair with IC 1406 4.2' SE.

17.5" (8/8/02): very faint, very small, round. A very faint close double star is just off the NW edge [40" from the center]. Forms a pair with IC 1406 4.2' ESE, which was not seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1405 = J. 1-445 on 5 Nov 1891 . MCG misidentifies MCG +00-55-20 as IC 1406, but the MCG designation applies to IC 1405.

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IC 1406 = CGCG 376-038 = PGC 67478

21 51 04.9 +01 59 13; Aqr

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 65°

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms a pair with slightly brighter and larger IC 1405, which is situated 4.2' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1406 = J. 1-446 on 5 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1407 = CGCG 376-048 = II Zw 152 = PGC 67538

21 52 23.4 +03 25 38; Peg

Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. This is a double system (II Zw 152), but the nearly stellar companion (PGC 67535) at the WNW edge was not resolved. Located 8' NNE of NGC 7149 and 10' SW of mag 8.7 SAO 127130.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1407 = J. 1-447 on 4 Aug 1892. His position is 45" too far south (probably due to an error in the position of his offset star). RNGC, PGC and HyperLEDA misidentify IC 1407 as NGC 7148. The CGCG doesn't CGCG 376-048 as IC 1407.

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IC 1408 = MCG -02-55-007 = PGC 67574

21 53 09.0 -13 20 48; Cap

Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 36°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated nearly 2:1 SW-NE, ~35"x20". Contains a very small bright nucleus that is nearly stellar. Located 12' NNW of mag 5.1 Mu Capricorni. A distinctive arc of four mag 10.5-11.5 stars extends from 2' E to 3.5' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1408 = J. 1-448 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1410 = LEDA 1080332

21 56 02.1 -02 54 01; Aqr

V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 132°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15", even surface brightness, visible continuously. Situated 11' NE of mag 8.1 HD 208297 and 9' SE of mag 8.8 HD 208334.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1410 = J. 1-450 on 19 Sep 1892. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not included in the original PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't identify LEDA 1080332 as IC 1410.

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IC 1411 = UGC 11850 = MCG +00-56-001 = CGCG 377-001 = PGC 67660

21 56 00.6 -01 31 01; Aqr

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 38°

24" (8/12/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, compact, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very bright small core. The core is surrounded by a very low surface brightness but it was too faint to estimate a size or orientation. A mag 14.8 star is 50" NE of center.

CGCG 377-022, situated 7.8' SSE of IC 1411, appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Situated just west of a N-S string of stars with a mag 10.6 star 1.6' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1411 = J. 1-451 on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1412 = MCG -03-56-001 = PGC 67747

21 58 18.5 -17 10 34; Cap

Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 102°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 ~E-W, 0.9'x0.3', fairly strong bright core. A 15th mag star is just off the NE edge.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1412 = J. 1-452 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1414 = CGCG 403-008 = II Zw 157 = WBL 675-002 = PGC 67762

21 58 18.0 +08 25 26; Peg

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, very small bright core, high surface brightness, 25" diameter. Brightest in a trio (WBL 675) with CGCG 403-007 3.3' SSW and CGCG 403-010 5.6' ENE.

CGCG 403-007: very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness, 20" diameter.

CGCG 403-010: faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 25" diameter.

Rudlolph Spitaler discovered IC 1414 = Spitatler 30 on 25 Oct 1891 and reported "sky conditions excellent. Very faint, round nebula of 1/4' diameter. About 20" south of it, a little ahead, is a mag 15 star and further south a mag 13.5 star." There is nothing at his position, though preceding are 3 CGCG galaxies, with MCG (and apparently PGC) selecting 403-010 as IC 1414. But Harold Corwin recomputed the position using accurate coordinates for the offset star, and found it fell close to CGCG 403-008. Visually this was the brightest of the trio, which makes this identification pretty secure.

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IC 1415

21 58 42.4 +01 21 26; Aqr

17.5" (11/28/97): a mag 15-15.5 star was observed at Bigourdan's position.

By coincidence there is an 18th magnitude galaxy close southeast of this star which I could not see and this galaxy is certainly too faint to have been detected by Bigourdan.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1415 = Big. 229, along with IC 1416, on 27 Oct 1888. He found these searching for NGC 7164. Harold Corwin concludes both of these numbers either refer to faint stars or are nonexistent. See both Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's IC notes for the full story.

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IC 1417 = MCG -02-56-003 = PGC 67811

22 00 21.6 -13 08 50; Aqr

V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 109°

24" (9/22/17): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated, 3:1 or 7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.9'x0.3', contains a small brighter elongated core with faint extensions, a mag 15 star is at or just off the ESE end. Located 12' NW of NGC 7171.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1417 = J. 1-454 on 4 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1418 = MCG +01-56-009 = CGCG 403-016 = PGC 67872

22 01 59.9 +04 23 04; Peg

V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, 25" diameter. Situated 5' S of mag 8.3 HD 209275. Several fainter stars are within 4' to the S and W. IC 1423 is 19' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1418 = J. 1-455 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1420 = UGC 11880 = MCG +03-56-005 = PGC 67900

22 02 31.7 +19 45 02; Peg

V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6

24" (9/27/14): at 375x I found the view of this object confusing. It generally appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, generally oval E-W, ~30"x20". But sometimes it appeared elongated 2:1 at 40"x20", with a brighter knot, just east of center, which seemed like a very compact nucleus (or a merged companion). A mag 13.5 star is 0.6' N.

17.5" (7/27/95): faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 30"x20", broad very weak concentration with no distinct core. A mag 13.5 star lies 30" N of center. There appears to a brighter spot at the east end. This is a compact companion listed in NED as IC 1420 NED02 and in LEDA as PGC 93140.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1420 = Sw. 9-97 on 18 Sep 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; bet 2 nr F stars in meridian." His position is 19 sec of RA due west of UGC 11880 and his description is appropriate. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position around 1900 with the Clark refractor at Denver, though Dreyer didn't include the correction in the IC 2 Notes section.

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IC 1422 = CGCG 377-016 = PGC 67922

22 03 00.1 +02 35 56; Peg

V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.3'

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, only 12" diameter. A mag 14 star is 1.4' SE and a mag 15.3 star is 1.0' NW. Brighter IC 1425 lies 6' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1422 = J. 2-794, along with IC 1425 and 1428, on 19 Aug 1893. His position is less than 30" too far north, although neither CGCG, PGC or HyperLEDA linked IC 1422 with their equivalent catalog entries.

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IC 1423 = UGC 11883 = MCG +01-56-010 = CGCG 403-018 = PGC 67931

22 03 12.7 +04 17 51; Peg

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.45'

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.25'. Appears as a dim, uniform "slash" (perhaps the bar). Located 8' SW of mag 8.3 HD 209472. IC 1418 lies 19' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1423 = J. 1-458 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1425 = CGCG 377-018 = PGC 67939

22 03 24.5 +02 35 42; Peg

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, gradually increases to a very small bright nucleus. IC 1422 lies 6' W and IC 1428 is 16' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1425 = J. 3-795, along with IC 1422 and 1428, on 19 Aug 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 1427 = UGC 11889 = MCG +02-56-010 = CGCG 428-025 = PGC 67948

22 03 35.2 +15 06 24; Peg

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 103°

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, occasional stellar nucleus. Surrounded by several mag 15 stars. A mag 10.7 star is 3.3' W and a nice asterism with 9 stars in a 2' group lies ~10' W.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1427 = Sf. 52 on 14 Sep 1866 and reported "vF, vS, Neb M[iddle]." His position is 15 seconds of RA too far west. There are no other nearby galaxies so this identification is secure.

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IC 1428 = CGCG 377-021 = PGC 67979

22 04 27.7 +02 37 51; Peg

V = 15.2; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 61°

24" (9/5/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 25"x15", low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 45" S and a mag 9.5 star is 3' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1428 = J. 2-79, along with IC 1422 and 1425, on 19 Aug 1893. His position is accurate.

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IC 1430 = LEDA 936014

22 07 29.8 -13 34 52; Aqr

Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 55°

24" (9/7/18): very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. Located 5.5' W of mag 8.8 HD 2110032. Forms a pair (same redshift) with IC 1431 4.8' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1430 = J. 1-460, along with IC 1431, on 26 Aug 1892. There is nothing at either of his positions, but apparently he made a 1.0 minute error in RA (too large). I found he misidentified his offset star, which was HD 210032. Once corrected, his offsets match two small galaxies. This galaxy isn't included in the original PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't label LEDA 936014 as IC 1413.

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IC 1431 = MCG -02-56-015 = PGC 68087

22 07 39.6 -13 30 48; Aqr

Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/7/18): very faint, small, round, 30", diffuse, low surface brightness. A faint mag 15 star is 1' W. Forms a similar pair with IC 1431 4.8' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1431 = J. 1-461, along with IC 1430, on 26 Aug 1892. See IC 1430.

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IC 1433 = MCG -02-56-021 = VV 390 = PGC 68267

22 12 10.6 -12 45 56; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 99°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated E-W, 20" diameter, irregular surface brightness. Not difficult with averted. Situated on a line between two mag 12.4 stars 2' NNE and 3' SSW.

Checking images later, this is a double or triple system oriented E-W as described above. The two nuclei are separated by just 10".

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1433 = J. 1-462 on 2 Nov 1891. He described it as "faint, small, elongated in the sense of the diurnal movement [east-west], with condensation." IC 1433 is a contact triple with the two main components elongated E-W as in Javelle's description.

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IC 1434 = Cr 445

22 10 27 +52 50.4; Lac

Size 8'

17.5" (7/29/92): about 100 stars in a 15' diameter. Three mag 9 stars form a triangle on the south side. The extensions almost fill the 20' field. Long sprays of stars intersect near the center at a mag 10.5 star. A long ray extends ENE for 11' and contains 30 stars. A ray to the WSW of 11' length has 16 stars including a close triple star. There are two more sprays to the NW of 6' length. The cluster has no distinct borders. The surrounding Lacerta Milky Way region was breathtaking, scanning with a 20 mm Nagler. Located 2.1° WNW of mag 4.4 Beta Lacertae.

8" (8/12/83): ~50 stars at 200x, over haze, includes two strings on the east side, brighter stars at the south edge.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1434 around 1893 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England while sweeping for red stars. He recorded "A remarkable cluster with six distinct radiating branches. Stars from 12 to 15." His rough position is fairly accurate. IC 1434 was confirmed as an open cluster in 2011A&A...530A..32B ("Star clusters or asterisms? 2MASS CMD and structural analyses of 15 challenging targets.") at a distance of roughly 8500 +/- 2000 light years.

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IC 1435 = ESO 601-030 = MCG -04-52-025 = AM 2210-222 = PGC 68320

22 13 26.3 -22 05 48; Aqr

Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 9°

24" (9/6/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", contains a round brighter core.

ESO 532-034, situated 21' S, appeared fairly faint (surprisingly easy), slightly elongated SW-NE, 30"x25", impression of a bar through the center. An elongated N-S group of at least 8 stars is immediately to the west.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1435 = J. 1-463 on 25 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1437 = UGC 11965 = MCG +00-56-016 = CGCG 377-042 = PGC 68438

22 15 45.1 +02 03 57; Lac

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2

17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.7', weak concentration. Located 7.6' NE of mag 8.2 HD 211212.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1437 = J. 1-465 on 5 Nov 1891.

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IC 1438 = ESO 602-001 = MCG -04-52-029 = KTS 68A = PGC 68469

22 16 29.1 -21 25 50; Aqr

V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.3

24" (8/16/12): fairly bright, fairly large, sharply concentrated with a small very bright 20" core. The core is surrounded by a large, roundish halo with a fairly even surface brightness, ~1.5' diameter. IC 1439 lies 4.2' SE and UGCA 427 is 12' NE.

17.5" (7/25/95): moderately bright, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter, even concentration to a bright core and faint, stellar nucleus. A nearly perfect rectangle of mag 13 stars with sides of 2'x1.5' precedes by 4'. Forms a pair with IC 1439 4.2' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1438 = J. 1-466, along with IC 1439, on 20 Jul 1892 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 1439 = ESO 602-002 = KTS 68B = PGC 68476

22 16 40.1 -21 29 09; Aqr

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 27°

24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, ~30"x20". Fainter of a pair with IC 1438 4.2' NW.

17.5" (7/25/95): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.5', slightly brighter core. Forms a pair with brighter IC 1438 4.2' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1439 = J. 1-467, along with IC 1438, on 20 Jul 1892.

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IC 1440 = MCG -03-56-013 = PGC 68470

22 16 33.2 -16 00 59; Aqr

Size 1.3'x0.35'; PA = 76°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; fairly faint, contains a bright core ~15" diameter. With averted vision, thin "wings" extend ~~E-W, increasing the size to 45"x15". A mag 10.7 star is 4' WNW. IC 1440 is located 13' WSW of mag 7.1 HD 211463.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1440 = J. 1-468 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1441 = MCG +06-48-023 = CGCG 513-021 = CGCG 514-001 = WBL 679-002 = PGC 68413

22 15 19.2 +37 18 06; Lac

V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.5; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 35°

17.5" (7/15/93): third of 7 in the NGC 7242 group. Extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, very low even surface brightness. In a close trio with NGC 7240 1.4' SE and IC 5192 1.5' SSW. A mag 11 star is 1.9' WNW.

17.5" (7/28/92): extremely faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. A mag 11 star is 2' W. Forms a close pair with brighter NGC 7240 1.2' SE. Faintest in the NGC 7242 group with NGC 7242 4' E and IC 5191 3.5' WNW. Appears about 0.5 mag fainter than the 15.3p magnitude in the CGCG.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1441 = Big. 233 on 5 Dec 1888 with the 12" refractor at Lick Observatory. It is shown on his discovery sketch of IC 5192, 5192, 5193, and labeled as nebula "e". Bigourdan independently discovered this galaxy on 25 Sep 1889 and measured an accurate position. As Barnard's sketch wasn't published until 1906, Bigourdan was unaware of his observation and Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC 1.

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IC 1442

22 15 59 +53 59 06; Lac

V = 9.1; Size 3.5'

17.5" (8/5/94): about three dozen stars in a distinctive curving row oriented SW-NE about 4' diameter with fainter loops at both ends. A mag 9 star SAO 34248 is off the SE and a mag 10 star SAO 34250 is off the NE end. The cluster is unconcentrated but stands out well at low power (100x). Located 20' SE of NGC 7245.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1442 in 1893 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England (no specific day given in his discovery paper). He recorded "haze round some dozen faint stars." His position is about 5' too far northeast and this error was repeated in modern sources.

Cederblad catalogued this object as Ced 202 based on the IC description of "Cl of neb stars", but there is no nebulosity.

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IC 1443 = ESO 602-005 = MCG -04-52-033 = PGC 68558

22 19 03.7 -20 56 24; Aqr

V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 42°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, moderate concentration to a small bright core and stellar nucleus. Located 9' NE of mag 8.6 HD 211580 and 14' SSE of mag 7.2 HD 211600.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1443 = J. 1-469 on 22 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1444 = CGCG 404-005 = PGC 68665

22 22 23.9 +05 08 21; Peg

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 5°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; extremely faint, round, 20" diameter, very low surface brightness. I could only hold it for a couple of seconds at a time. A mag 11.5 star is 5.6' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1444 = J. 1-470 on 1 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1445 = ESO 602-019 = MCG -03-57-007 = PGC 68826

22 25 30.3 -17 14 36; Aqr

V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 80°

18" (10/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. Contains a bright stellar nucleus or a faint star is superimposed.

Ormond Stone discovered IC 1445 = LM(S) 833 on 13 Oct 1887 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. The position was measured several times and the offsets point directly to ESO 602-019 = PGC 68826.

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IC 1447 = MCG -01-57-014 = PGC 68996

22 29 59.8 -05 07 12; Aqr

V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 100°

24" (9/27/14): moderately bright, oval 5:3 ~E-W, 50"x30", fades out at east and west ends, broad concentration. Contains a large, bulging brighter core but no obvious nucleus. Located 1.4' S of mag 9.3 HD 213214. This is a relatively bright galaxy to be missed in the NGC.

Edward Swift discovered IC 1447 = Sw. 10-51 on 29 Sep 1891 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; Munich 12516 3' n; Found searching for Comet Tempel-Swift." The position is 3.6' too far east-southeast. This was apparently the last object that 20 year old Edward discovered using his father's 16" refractor. Herbert Howe measured an accurate RA (13 seconds of time further east than Swift).

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IC 1448 = NGC 7308 = MCG -02-57-017 = PGC 69194

22 34 32.1 -12 56 02; Aqr

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145°

24" (9/29/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, 25"-30" diameter, slightly elongated, reasonably high surface brightness. Gradually increases to a very small brighter nucleus. Resides in a barren star field.

NGC 7308 forms a pair with MCG -02-57-018 4' ENE. The companion is faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", low even surface brightness. MCG -02-57-019 was also picked up 14' NE (again in star-poor field). It was logged as very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 18"x12". A mag 13.5 star is 1.7' WSW.

17.5" (9/15/90): faint, small, round, bright core.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1448 = J. 472 on 2 Nov 1891. His position matches PGC 69194. This galaxy was first discovered by Leavenworth in 1885 and catalogued as LM 1-253 (= NGC 7308), but his rough position led Javelle to think his object was new. Herbert Howe was able to recover NGC 7308 in 1899-1900 at the University of Denver and measured an accurate position. So, IC 1448 = NGC 7308.

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IC 1451 = MCG -02-58-002 = PGC 69684

22 46 07.5 -10 22 10; Aqr

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 2:1 (this impression is probably due to a faint star at the SW edge), 20"-25" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Located 38' N of NGC 7371.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1451 = J. 1-474 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1452 = NGC 7374B = MCG +02-58-006 = CGCG 430-005 = Holm 798b = PGC 69675

22 45 59.2 +10 52 03; Peg

V = 14.7; Size 0.75'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 166°

24" (10/1/16): at 260x; with direct vision a sharp mag 14.5-14.8 "star" is easily visible. But averted vision revealed the sharp stellar nucleus of this galaxy is surrounded by a very small halo, ~6"-8" diameter. The halo was not difficult to pick out with averted once noticed. IC 1452 forms a close pair (less than 1' NNW) with NGC 7374.

24" (7/29/16): at 260x; faint, virtually stellar (uncertain if a star). IC 1452 forms a double system with NGC 7374 [centers separated by 56"]. Apparently I only viewed the stellar nucleus of this galaxy.

17.5" (8/20/88): very faint, extremely small, round. Forms a double system with NGC 7374 57" SSE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1452 = Big. 235 on 10 Oct 1890. Both Malcolm Thomson and Harold Corwin noticed a six-degree error in the IC polar distance compared to Bigourdan's original position (1860 coordinations) in his 5th Comptes Rendus list. Once corrected, his position matches CGCG 430-005 = PGC 69675. The CGCG, MCG, PGC, SIMBAD and HyperLeda (and secondary sources) don't label this galaxy as IC 1452. The RNGC identifies this galaxy as NGC 7374B.

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IC 1453 = MCG -02-58-004 = PGC 69701

22 46 54.2 -13 26 59; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 157°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, oval 4:3 N-S, 30" diameter, low surface brightness, diffuse. A N-S string of 3 mag 14-14.5 stars is close, with the mag 14.5 star 1.5' NE. A group of 4 mag 8.5-9.5 stars is ~30' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1453 = J. 1-475 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1454 = Abell 81 = PK 117+18.1 = PN G117.5+18.9

22 42 25.0 +80 26 32; Cep

V = 14.4; Size 34"x31"

24" (10/3/13): at 225x using an NPB filter, IC 1454 (Abell 81) appeared fairly bright, round, 30" diameter, crisp-edged. The planetary displayed a relatively large, brighter rim that was unevenly lit, and a small (~12"), slightly darker center. Unfiltered the annularity was more difficult to confirm, though the rim appeared slightly brighter on the south side. A pair of 14th magnitude stars are just off the NE side and a mag 13.4 star is 1' SE. Situated 4.3' W of mag 7 HD 215867.

18" (10/13/07): easily swept up at 175x, located 4' W of mag 7.0 HD 215867. Compared views unfiltered and with UHC, OIII and NPB filters. Best seen using OIII, though NPB gave the most natural view with brighter stars. Two faint mag 14/15 stars are very near the NE edge (brighter star barely off edge) with a brighter mag 13 star 1' SE. At 225x using the NPB filter, IC 1454 appeared round, ~25-30" in diameter with an impression of an irregular surface brightness. The rim sometimes appeared slightly brighter with a weaker center giving a very subtle annularity.

18" (10/9/04): easily picked up at 73x just 4' WNW of a 7th magnitude star as a small, well-defined disc. Visible unfiltered at 160x; a couple of mag 14/15 stars are barely off the NE edge of the planetary and a 13th magnitude star lies 1' SE. Good contrast gain with OIII filter. The disc was perfectly round, ~25" diameter with a very crisp edge. The surface brightness appeared a bit irregular but could not verify annularity at this power.

17.5" (10/13/01): picked up at 100x without filter as a faint, small disc situated 4' WNW of a mag 7 star. Excellent contrast gain with an OIII filter and appears as a round, 25" crisp-edged disc. At 220x without filter a faint mag 14/15 pair is at the NE edge. Very nice view using a UHC filter at 140x-220x; the PN was slightly elongated ~E-W but no other details are visible.

17.5" (8/8/91): moderately bright, fairly small, almost round, slightly elongated E-W, 30" diameter. A faint double star mag 14/15 is at the NE edge. Located 3.8' WNW of mag 7 SAO 3785. No central star visible. Pretty planetary at 220x without filter.

14.5" (9/29/21): easily seen unfiltered at 87x as a small evenly lit disc, just 4' W of a mag 7 star. A mag 13 star is close SE [1.0' from center]. Adding an OIII filter produced an excellent contrast gain and a fairly bright disc. The circumference was sharply defined at 140x with a UHC fiilter and a 14th mag star was noted at the NE edge. Increasing to 264x, a 15th mag companion [~14" separation] emerged.

13.1" (8/11/85): at 88x and OIII filter, fairly faint, fairly small, round. Located 4' W of a mag 7 star that detracts from viewing. At 166x with a UHC filter; easy to view, moderately large. Two very faint stars are involved near the NE edge.

William Denning discovered IC 1454 on 9 Aug 1891 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector (announced in Observatory, 15, 104). He noted it was "rather a difficult object, except on a good night, though I picked it up with a power of only 40. It is noteworthy as being situated in the midst of a region containing very few nebulae." IC 1454 was found by Abell in 1955 on the POSS and listed as #67 of 73 new planetary nebulae. Abell was aware of the earlier IC designation but included it in his list as it wasn't previously recognized as a planetary. In his second list (1966) IC 1454 was renumbered as Abell 81.

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IC 1455 = UGC 12232 = MCG +00-58-011 = CGCG 379-014 = PGC 69943

22 53 46.1 +01 22 19; Psc

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 35°

24" (9/6/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, moderate surface brightness, contains a small brighter nucleus. A mag 14 star 1.2' SW and a mag 12 star 1.9' SW are collinear with the galaxy. Located 27' NE of NGC 7396, which is the brightest in a group of galaxies including NGCs 7397, 7398, 7401 and 7402. Also situated 26' NW of mag 6.1 HD 216701 (1 Piscium).

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1455 on 23 Sep 1891 with the 36-inch Lick refractor. While searching for NGC 7403 he commented there was nothing at Coolidge's place but he found "a moderately bright nebula, which is probably the object in question."

Spitaler found it again just two weeks later on 6 Oct with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna University Observatory. Spitaler reported, "Faint, round nebula of 1/4' - 1/2' diameter, brighter middle, forming a right-angled triangle with two stars mag 11 with the nebula at the right angle. Between the nebula and the preceding star 11 there is a star 12 closer to the star than to the nebula. I do not see the nebula NGC 7403. It's curious that Coolidge did not notice my nova; or is NGC 7403 identical to the Nova?" But Coolidge's object is probably a single star, like all his other reported discoveries.

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IC 1458 = NGC 7441? = MCG -01-58-007 = PGC 70080

22 56 41.4 -07 22 45; Aqr

V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 144°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, low surface brightness patch, irregularly round, ~0.6' diameter, slightly irregular surface brightness but no distinct core. Appears to be a face-on late-type spiral. Located 10' E of mag 9.5 HD 216787.

18" (10/25/03): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.7', low even surface brightness. A 15' string of stars oriented SW-NE with mag 9.5 SAO 146395 at the southwest end passes north of the galaxy. A mag 9.5 star is 10' due west.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1458 = J. 1-477 on 17 Sep 1892. His position is accurate. This may be an independent discovery of NGC 7441.

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 7441 = LM 1-260 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. He recorded "mag 14.0, 0.8' dia, irregularly round, *10 preceding." Stone's rough position (RA to the nearest minute and Dec marked as uncertain) happens to land just 14 seconds of RA east of MCG -01-58-013, but there is no nearby 10th magnitude star as Stone described. Still, RNGC (Sulentic and Tifft), PGC, SIMBAD and HyperLeda identify MCG -01-58-013 as NGC 7441.

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IC 1459 = IC 5265 = ESO 406-030 = MCG -06-50-016 = PGC 70090

22 57 10.5 -36 27 45; Gru

V = 10.0; Size 5.2'x3.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°

24" (8/1/19): extremely bright, large, slightly elongated, very sharp concentration with an intensely bright core and a very diffuse outer halo that fades out slowly, ~3.5'x3.0'. Bracketed by two mag 11/12 stars ~3' W and ~3' E. Brightest in the Grus Chain and forms an excellent pair with IC 5264 6.6' SSW.

18" (10/25/08): very bright, fairly large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, sharply concentrated with a very bright core. The brightest portion of the halo extends 1.5'x1.1' and this is surrounded by a much dimmer outer envelope. Bracketed by a mag 11 star 3' WNW of center and a mag 12 star 2.7' E. This member of the Grus Chain of 9 galaxies is possibly the brightest southern galaxy missed by John Herschel.

17.5" (8/6/97): bright, fairly large, elongated ~5:4 SW-NE. Well concentrated and dominated by a large, bright core. The halo is quite extensive with averted vision and the dimensions are ~3.5'x3.0'. Situated between a mag 11 star 3' WNW and a mag 12 star a similar distance following. Brightest in a group including IC 5264 just 6' SSW.

17.5" (7/22/87): bright, fairly small, very bright core, slightly elongated halo SW-NE. Located midway between a mag 11 star 3.0' WNW and mag 12 star 2.7' E. Brightest in a large group of galaxies situated in a string N-S with IC 5264 6' SSW.

13.1" (10/20/84): bright, small, round, small bright nucleus, two stars at equal distance WNW and E. Much easier than nearby IC 5269, IC 5270, IC 5273, NGC 7418 and NGC 7421!

8" (8/1/19): bright, moderately large, round, at least 1.5' diameter, sharp concentration with a very bright round core.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1459 on 13 Dec 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While searching for Brorsen's Comet (5D/Brorsen), he ran across IC 1459 and several other NGC galaxies. A position computed the next night is just 40" south of center. Barnard published the discovery in a short note titled "An unsuccessful search for Brorsen's Comet 1889-90" in Astronomische Nachrichten 125, 43 (1890). He mentions on the night of December 13th, "several unrecorded nebulae found. One of these, in wide field with [NGC] 7418 and 7421 but not in NGC, deserves special notice. It was small, about 1/2' in diameter, cometary and rather brighter, with a 12m nucleus." He added "Careful filar-micrometer observations were made of it and will be printed in a list of nebulae measured here", but apparently this never occurred. Two nights later he discovered IC 5264 when he reobserved the field.

Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 10 Jun 1896 (other dates given in different publications) and described Sw. 11-220 (later IC 5265) as "B, cL, R, betw 2 stars p and f; nf of 2 [with IC 5264]. His position was 25 seconds of RA too large and 4' too far south, but the identification is certain. He questioned if his object was identical to IC 1459 (in the first Lowe Observatory list in Astr. Journal). It is. Corwin notes that Dreyer questioned if IC 5265 might be identical to NGC 7418, but it's not. Knox-Shaw included this galaxy in a list of new nebulae found at the Helwan Observatory and published in 1912. He questioned if it was identical to IC 5295, but didn't make the connection with IC 1459.

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IC 1460 = Mrk 923 = MCG +01-58-015 = CGCG 405-017 = Ark 570 = KUG 2254+044 = PGC 70086

22 57 04.1 +04 40 37; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 157°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated, pretty diffuse, broad weak concentration, 20" diameter. Bracketed by two mag 14-15 stars 1.4' W and 1.7' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1460 = J. 1-478 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1461 = Mrk 311 = CGCG 430-036 = KUG 2256+149 = PGC 70153 = LEDA 3440653

22 58 34.3 +15 10 22; Peg

V = 14.4; Size 0.55'x0.5'

24" (9/23/17): at 200x-375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, very small brighter nucleus.

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, irregular round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus, irregular halo? Located 8' SE of mag 8.6 HD 217104.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1461 = Sw. 9-98 on 20 Oct 1889 and reported "eeeF; vS; R." There is nothing at his position, but 10' north is CGCG 430-036 and this is probably Swift's object. Howe found this galaxy again 10 years later while searching for IC 1461 and measured an accurate position (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).

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IC 1464 = MCG -02-58-020 = MCG -02-58-021 = PGC 70344 = PGC 70345

23 03 11.6 -08 59 27; Aqr

V = 13.8/14.4; Size 0.8'

24" (9/7/18): IC 1464 is a a very close pair of elongated spirals (20" between centers) and the two components were often resolved at 375x. IC 1464B, the brighter northwestern galaxy, was fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SSW-NNE, ~30"x20", slightly brighter core.

IC 1464A, the southeastern galaxy, was less obvious, though it was seen as a distinct, very faint glow at the SE edge of the halo of 1464B, perhaps 25"x15" SW-NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1464 = J. 1-479 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate. This is a contact pair of elongated spirals and Javelle noted it appeared to be double.

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IC 1466 = LEDA 135879

23 03 39.1 -02 46 32; Psc

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (9/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25", weak concentration. IC 1467 and IC 1468 lie 33' SE. These galaxies have nearly identical redshifts, so are part of the same group at z = .032.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1466 = J. 1-480 on 7 Nov 1891. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not included in the original PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't identify LEDA 135879 as IC 1466.

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IC 1467 = MCG -01-58-017 = PGC 70413

23 04 49.7 -03 13 47; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.35'; PA = 3°

24" (9/6/18): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20", even surface brightness. Forms a pair (similar redshift) with IC 1468 4.7' ENE. IC 1466 lies 33' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1467 = J. 1-481, along with nearby IC 1468, on 19 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1468 = MCG -01-58-019 = PGC 70429

23 05 07.6 -03 12 16; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 151°

24" (9/6/18): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 35"x25", weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 1467 4.7' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1468 = J. 1-482, along with nearby IC 1467, on 19 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1470 = Sh 2-156 = Ced 208 = Hb 10 = PP 104 = GM 1-79

23 05 10.3 +60 14 37; Cep

Size 1.2'x0.75'

18" (9/24/05): small, high surface brightness elongated glow extending from an 11th magnitude star. At 115x, the nebulosity was not noticeably enhanced with an OIII filter but the UHC filter improved the contrast. Easily takes 225x and the oval nebula appears to hang to the south-southeast of the bright star. A faint, close, equal mag double (STI 1138 = 12.7/12.7 at 4.6") lies 2' west. A fairly striking, uncatalogued 5'x4' ring of stars follows by 9'. The NW star in the ring (QT Cep) is encased in a faint glow (BFS 17).

18" (8/17/04): at 220x, this is a fairly bright, moderately large, 1' tear-shaped glow extending from a 12th magnitude star. Nebulosity extends most south and SE of the star. A close, faint double star lies 1.9' W. Several extremely faint stars are nearby, including one just off the SE edge and one close NE.

17.5" (10/30/99): picked up at 100x using an OIII filter as a small, bright glow surrounding a mag 12 star. Best view at 280x unfiltered. The involved star is attached at the north edge and the 1' oval nebula appears to hang off the south side of the star. Close west is a very close, evenly matched faint double star!

13.1" (9/22/84): appears as a mag 12 star with a faint but easily visible oval nebula surrounding the star. Extends mainly SE with the 12th magnitude star at the tip. Visible without a filter. Similar to Hubble's Variable Nebula.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1470 = Sp 62 on 20 Mar 1892 while observing Comet 1892 II (Denning). Both Carl Frederick Pechüle, as well as E.E. Barnard (AN 3110 and AJ 11), also found this emission nebula visually just a day later while observing the comet! Barnard called it a "a nebula about 12th mag. It is about 1/2' in diameter, and has a very small and very stellar nucleus of about 12th magnitude."

IC 1470 was listed as a planetary nebula in 1962 and was misclassified as a planetary in Becvar's "Atlas of the Heavens" and the first edition of Tirion's Sky Atlas 2000.0.

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IC 1471 = MCG -02-59-003 = PGC 70561

23 08 44.8 -12 38 22; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 169°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x; fairly faint, elongated nearly 2:1 N-S, ~40" in length, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 8.8 star (HD 218614) is 10' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1471 = J. 1-484 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1472 = CGCG 454-002 = MCG +03-59-004 = PGC 70573

23 09 06.7 +17 15 33; Peg

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.4'

18" (10/19/06): very faint, very small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 0.3'x0.2', weak concentration, occasional very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 4.5' ENE of mag 10.3 DY Peg (well studied short period Delta Scuti variable (105 min period).

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1472 = Sp 32 on 25 Oct 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. He reported finding a "Round nebula of 1/4' diameter, bright core. A mag 13 star is 1.5' northeast, a mag 15 is southeast of the nebula, so that the two stars form a equilateral triangle with the nebula.

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IC 1473 = UGC 12404 = MCG +05-54-043 = CGCG 496-052 = PGC 70633

23 11 05.4 +29 38 36; Peg

V = 13.5; Size 2.0'x1.0'; PA = 176°

24" (9/7/18): at 375x; either fairly faint or moderately bright, elongated 5:3 N-S, 50"x30". Contains a brighter, roundish nucleus with an irregular surface brightness [SDSS shows it as knotty]. Surrounded by three mag 14-15 stars about 1' N, SW and SSE. Located 20' E of mag 6.6 HD 218660.

CGCG 496-050 = IV Zw 134, a merged double system, is 20' NW. It appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1473 = Sf. 58 on 1 Oct 1866 and remarked, "F, pS, F gradually brighter middle." His position is just off the southeast end of the galaxy.

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IC 1474 = UGC 12417 = KUG 2310+055 = MCG +01-59-011 = LGG 473-001 = PGC 70702

23 12 51.3 +05 48 23; Psc

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 149°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint (readily seen), very elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, ~40"x16", slightly brighter center. Situated 7' NW of mag 8.9 HD 219101.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1474 = Spitaler 33 on 6 Oct 1891 and noted "Pale, round nebula of 1/2' diameter, gradually brighter towards the center." His position is accurate.

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IC 1476 = MCG +05-54-051 = CGCG 496-060 = PGC 70764

23 14 16.3 +30 33 05; Peg

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (9/7/18): at 375x; faint, small, round, 25", low even surface brightness. The view is somewhat confused by nearby faint stars; a mag 15/16 pair is at the NW edge of the halo and a mag 16 star is at the SW edge. Located 42' SE of NGC 7512.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1476 = Sf. 59 on 1 Oct 1866 with a Clark 18.5-inch refractor and questioned if it was "a small cluster?" There is nothing at his position, but exactly 1 minute of RA preceding is CGCG 496-060 = PGC 70764. Since he made similar digit errors in RA (e.g. IC 1026), this identification is nearly certain.

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IC 1477 = NGC 7596 = MCG -01-59-011 = PGC 70932

23 17 12.0 -06 54 43; Aqr

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 34°

17.5" (7/25/95): faint, small, round, 30" diameter, very weak concentration. Located nearly at the midpoint of two mag 13.5 stars 1.1' W and 1.4' E. Two similar star are also 1.3' S and 2.3' SE. The PGC magnitude (B = 12.9) appears to be too bright.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1477 = J. 485 on 16 Sep 1892. His position corresponds with PGC 70932. This galaxy was discovered by Francis Leavenworth on 28 Sep 1886, though his rough RA is 1.5 minutes too small. Harold Corwin checked Leavenworth's sketched and confirmed it matches PGC 70932. So, IC 1477 = NGC 7596. MCG uses the IC designation.

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IC 1478 = NGC 7594 = UGC 12485 = MCG +02-59-023 = CGCG 431-037 = WBL 706-003 = PGC 70991

23 18 13.9 +10 17 54; Peg

V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30°

17.5" (11/18/95): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 0.8'x0.4', broad weak concentration. The outer halo increases in size with averted vision. Brightest in a quartet (WBL 706) with IC's 5305, 5306, 5307. NGC 7594 is identified as IC 1478 in UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3.

IC 5305 is faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 3.8' NNE of a mag 11.5 star and 1.9' W of NGC 7594. Collinear with two mag 14 stars 45" SSW and 1.4' SSW.

IC 5306 is extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Collinear with IC 5305 3.4' NNW and two mag 14 stars 2.0' NNW and 2.7' NNW.

IC 5307 is extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Faintest of four in NGC 7594 group and required averted to glimpse.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1478 = Big. 239 on 22 Aug 1889. His position matches UGC 12485 = PGC 70991. This galaxy was originally discovered by Common in August 1880, but his position (estimated using setting circles) is 6' too far southeast. All modern galaxy catalogues (as well as HyperLeda) identify this galaxy as IC 1478.

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IC 1479 = MCG -02-59-010 = PGC 71021

23 18 46.4 -10 23 57; Aqr

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 18°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, slightly brighter nucleus, 30" diameter halo increases with averted vision. A mag 15 star is 1.2' E. IC 5304 lies 8.5' NNE and difficult MCG -02-59-009 is 2' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1479 = J. 1-486 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1481 = UGC 12505 = CGCG 406-064 = PGC 71070

23 19 25.1 +05 54 22; Psc

Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, fairly high surface brightness, 25" diameter, well concentrated with a very small bright core. Situated 1.5' NW of mag 8.4 HD 219905, which detracts a bit from the view. Also a mag 11.2 star is 2.4' ESE, with the galaxy forming the NW vertex of an isosceles right triangle with the stars.

Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1481 = Spitaler 34 on 9 Oct 1891 and reported "Very faint, round nebula of 1/4' diameter. Found on 9 October 1891.

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IC 1482 = MCG +00-59-029 = CGCG 380-037 = PGC 71142

23 20 49.5 +01 44 21; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 135°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint but readily visible, small, round, slightly brighter center, 0.3' diameter.

Member of a galaxy group (USGC U843) that includes UGC 12525 12' SSW, UGC 12508 24' SW and NGC 7629 21' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1482 = J. 1-487 on 5 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1483 = NGC 7638 = MCG +02-59-030 = CGCG 431-046 = PGC 71246

23 22 33.1 +11 19 44; Peg

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1

17.5" (9/7/96): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 8' N of mag 8.3 SAO 108572. A wide pair of mag 11/13 stars is 1.5' S. First in faint group with IC 1484 and IC 1485 = NGC 7639 (uncertain ID). IC 1484 is extremely faint and small, round.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1483 = J. 798 on 2 Dec 1893. His position matches CGCG 431-046 = PGC 71246. This galaxy was discovered by Andrew Ainslie Common in 1880 while viewing comet Faye and later catalgoued as NGC 7638. Common didn't provide coordinates for this galaxy or NGC 7639, but it's like he picked up the two brightest in the area. So IC 1483 = NGC 7638. MCG and CGCG label these galaxies using the IC designation only. See Harold Corwin's NGC/IC notes.

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IC 1484 = LEDA 1392792

23 22 39.9 +11 23 04; Peg

V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 49°

17.5" (9/7/96): extremely faint and small, round. Faintest in trio with IC 1483 and IC 1485 and requires averted vision and GSC finder chart to glimpse occasionally. Located 2.1' WNW of brighter IC 1485.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1484 = J. 1-799, along with IC 1483 and 1485, on 2 Dec 1893. The latter two galaxies are probably identical to Andrew Ainslie Common's NGC 7638 and NGC 7639, discovered earlier in 1880. Common mentions two galaxies within 30' SE of NGC 7630 (#32 on his list). MCG incorrectly identifies MCG +02-59-032 as IC 1484, although MCG +02-59-032 = IC 1485.

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IC 1485 = NGC 7639 = MCG +02-59-032 = CGCG 431-050 = PGC 71256

23 22 48.2 +11 22 22; Peg

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 123°

17.5" (9/7/96): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Similar size as IC 1483 = NGC 7638 but contains a very small brighter core that makes it a little easier to view. Just preceding a small triangle of mag 12-14.5 stars. Also collinear with a wide pair 5' SW near IC 1483. Brightest in a trio with IC 1484 2.1' WNW and IC 1483 4.5' SW.

The identification of IC 1483 is certain but NGC 7639 is uncertain.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1485 = J. 2-800, along with IC 1483 and 1484, on 2 Dec 1893. His position is accurate. This galaxy, along with IC 1484, were earlier discovered by Andrew Ainslie Common, while viewing comet Faye. His position (for NGC 7639) was very roughly given, so Javelle assumed his observation was new. This gx is identified in CGCG (431-50) as IC 1485 and in MCG (+02-59-032) as IC 1484 (this is incorrect as IC 1484 is a fainter companion WNW).

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IC 1486 = NGC 7648 = UGC 12575 = MCG +01-59-072 = CGCG 406-096 = Mrk 531 = LGG 473-015 = PGC 71321

23 23 54.0 +09 40 03; Peg

V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 85°

See observing notes for NGC 7648.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1486 = Big. 241 on 1 Oct 1885 and reported "mag 13.2-13.3, 25" diameter, without nucleus." His position is 1' S of NGC 7648 and Corwin notes that he later equated B. 241 = NGC 7648.

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IC 1487 = NGC 7649 = UGC 12579 = MCG +02-59-035 = CGCG 431-054 = PGC 71343

23 24 20.1 +14 38 49; Peg

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 80°

See observing notes for NGC 7649. Alternatively, it's possible that IC 1487 = CGCG 431-056.

IC 1487 = CGCG 431-056 = GIN 695 = PGC 95574

23 24 41.0 +14 37 56

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 30°

18" (8/26/06): very faint, very small, round. Nearly spans between a pair of 14th-magnitude stars 20" SSW and 30" E. Second brightest galaxy of 8 viewed in AGC 2593.

17.5" (8/22/98): this member of AGC 2593 was not noticed initially as it is squeezed between two mag 13-14 stars within 30" to the south and to the E. Appears as a very faint, unconcentrated glow just 15" in diameter. Located 5' ESE of NGC 7649.

17.5" (7/19/90): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 14 star is just off the south edge 20" SSW of center and a second mag 14 star is 30" E of center. Forms a pair with NGC 7649 5.1' WNW. Second brightest of five in AGC 2593. This galaxy is possibly IC 1487 (identified by Howe).

Lewis Swift found IC 1487 = Sw. 9-99 on 15 Oct 1887 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; 8m * f; F * nr. nf; not [GC] 4659." His position is 1' NE of CGCG 431-056, the second brightest cluster in the core of Abell 2593. But there is no "faint star near north-following", though there is one northwest. Herbert Howe assumed CGCG 431-056 was IC 1487 in his survey of NGC/IC nebulae, though Corwin suggests that Swift more likely picked up NGC 7649, the brightest member, which he discovered the previous year, as NGC 7649 is a better fit with the description.

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IC 1488 = LEDA 2800840

23 25 38.5 +15 21 16; Peg

V = 14.9; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 172°

24" (9/29/16): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 ~N-S, ~30"x9", contains a very small or stellar nucleus. Located 12.8' ENE of NGC 7653. Outlying member on the northern side of AGC 2593.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1488 = J. 2-801 on 2 Dec 1893 and recorded "extremely faint, very small, elongated in the meridian [north-south]. Very difficult." In a note he added "distinct from NGC 7653 which was measured." There is nothing at his computed position 3' N of NGC 7653. Because NGC 7653 is the closest reasonably bright galaxy, MCG and PGC equated IC 1488 with NGC 7653 and UGC states IC 1488 = NGC 7653? But Harold Corwin uncovered that Javelle misidentified his offset star, which was BD +14 4986. Once corrected his offset points to IC 1488 = LEDA 2800840.

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IC 1489 = MCG -02-59-016 = PGC 71443

23 30 27.5 -12 30 59; Aqr

Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 45°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, small, round, 0.3' diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Situated 1.4' NNW of a mag 9.7 star (HD 220764).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1489 = J. 1-488 on 4 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1490 = IC 1524 = MCG -01-01-011 = PGC 73151

23 59 10.7 -04 07 37; Psc

Size 1.7'x0.7'; PA = 84°

See observing notes for IC 1524.

Lewis Swift found IC 1490 = Sw. 10-52 on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "eF; pS; R; vF * close N; 6 pB = Mag stars p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin that Swift made an error of 30 minutes of RA (too small). Once corrected, his RA is just 9 seconds west of IC 1524 = MCG -01-01-011 and the dec matches perfectly, as well as his description of the nearby stars. This galaxy was discovered first by Truman Safford on 23 Sep 1867, though the discovery wasn't published until 1887. See IC 1524 for more.

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IC 1491 = MCG -03-59-010 = PGC 71580

23 29 24.7 -16 19 00; Aqr

Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 150°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~25" diameter. Required averted vision and mostly just glimpsed, but held occasionally for several seconds. Situated 8.5' NNE of a mag 10.6 star and a similar distance SSE of a mag 11.2 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1491 = J. 1-489 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1492 = MCG -01-59-028 = PGC 71629

23 30 36.1 -03 02 24; Psc

V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 32°

24" (11/24/14): moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, sharply concentrated with a bright 20" core and a thin very low surface brightness halo. A mag 12 star lies 1' SSW. Located 5.6' SE of mag 9.6 SAO 146743. IC 1496 lies 7.7' NNE.

Edward Swift discovered IC 1492 = Sw. 10-53 on 17 Oct 1891 and recorded "eF; S; R; sp of 2 [with NGC 1496]." His position is accurate. This was Edward's last deep-sky discovery age 20, though he discovered a comet (first observed in 1844) at Lowe Observatory in southern California in November 1894. Parrish discovered IC 1496 the previous year.

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IC 1495 = IC 5327 = MCG -02-59-024 = PGC 71631

23 30 47.7 -13 29 08; Aqr

V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 170°

24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint, diffuse, the brightest part is elongated 2:1 SW-NE (central region and bar), low surface brightness halo ~40 diameter. A mag 13.3 star is 1.5' NE.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1495 = J. 1-491 on 3 Nov 1891 and measured an accurate position. E.E. Barnard made an earlier discovery (visually) on 5 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint; not large, R? 1' +/- and slightly south of 11m star." His position was 30 seconds of RA too small and nearly 6' too far north. His discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer much later and appeared in the IC2 as 5327. So IC 1495 = IC 5327.

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IC 1496 = MCG -01-59-029 = PGC 71634

23 30 53.5 -02 56 03; Psc

V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.3'; PA = 65°

24" (11/24/14): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~E-W, fairly well concentrated with a bright 20" core. The halo increases the size to 0.6'x0.5'. Forms a pair with IC 1492 7.8' SSW.

N. M. Parrish discovered IC 1496 = LM(S) 863 = Sw. 10-54 on 9 Oct 1890 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. Edward Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 17 Oct 1891, along with IC 1492, and recorded "eeF, pretty small, round, north-following of 2 [with IC 1492]. Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 1498 = MCG -01-60-002 = PGC 71677.

23 31 53.6 -05 00 25; Aqr

V = 13.0; Size 1.8'x0.6'; PA = 11°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 60"x20", slight brighter core, surface brightness somewhat irregular. Located 14' ENE of mag 8 HD 221296.

24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 N-S, 45"x18", brighter core. Located 9.5' NE of mag 9.4 SAO 146750. IC 5334 lies 50' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1498 = Sw. 10-55 on 5 Nov 1891. He reported "eeF; pS; R; 9 1/2 * p 36 sec, s 3' 15"; D[ouble] * s points to 11m * f[ollowing] neb 7 sec; another 11m * f neb 14 sec; not 7962 [NGC 7692]; seeing poor; could not find 7962." His unusually detailed description describes the surrounding field very accurately and his position is also just off the northwest side of the galaxy.

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IC 1500 = CGCG 407-006 = PGC 71727

23 33 09.4 +04 33 09; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 20°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, elonagted 5:3 ~N-S, 40"x25", low surface brightness, brighter core. Located 6' SW of mag 7.3 HD 221599.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1500 = J. 1-493 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate, but Dreyer made a transcription error in the IC and the declination is off by 1° too far north.

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IC 1501 = MCG -01-60-009 = LGG 476-004 = PGC 71786

23 34 40.1 -03 09 10; Psc

V = 13.8; Size 1.5'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 134°

24" (9/22/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated ~2:1 or 5:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.4', broad and weak concentration to a slightly brighter elongated core. In a group with NGC 7700 12' N, NGC 7699 15' N and NGC 7701 18' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1501 = J. 1-494 on 19 Oct 1892. His position is accurate.

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IC 1502 = UGC 12105 = UGC 12706 = MCG +12-01-001 = MCG +13-01-002 = CGCG 344-003 = CGCG 359-005 = PGC 71864

23 36 20.5 +75 38 53; Cep

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 51°

24" (11/24/14): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15". Contains a sharp, bright stellar nucleus. Bracketed by two mag 14.5 sars [30" E and 42" NW].

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1502 = Sw. 10-56 on 15 Oct 1891 and recorded "vF; S; vF * close." His position is accurate.

The UGC has two entries: The RA for UGC 12105 has a typo of 1 hour of RA too small, with the correct RA is listed under UGC 12706. The dimensions and PA are slightly different, so it was measured twice on the POSS. Also, this galaxiy lies in two different declination zones of the MCG (+12 and +13) and also in two different CGCG fields (344 and 359), so it has 6 entries in these 3 catalogues!

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IC 1503 = UGC 12715 = KUG 2335+045 = MCG +01-60-016 = CGCG 407-031 = PGC 71982

23 38 27.0 +04 48 05; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 68°

24" (9/7/18): at 260x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, slightly brighter along the major axis, ~45"x20". An equal mag 12.5-13 pair of stars [~7" separation] is 3.5' S.

IC 1503 is near the east end of large group (USGC U850), which includes NGC 7696, 7704, 7705 and 7706. CGCG 407-021, located 23' WNW, is faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low surface brightness, weak concentration.

MCG +01-60-011, located 18' WNW, faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low surface brightness. A mag 13.6 star is less than 1' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1503 = J. 1-495 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.

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IC 1504 = UGC 12734 = MCG +01-60-020 = CGCG 407-041 = PGC 72117

23 41 19.5 +04 01 03; Psc

V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 91°

24" (11/24/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, very weak concentration, 36"x15". A mag 15 star is just off the south side [39" from center]. Picked up 17' NNW of NGC 7731.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1504 = J. 496 on 19 Aug 1892. His published position is 2' too far north (error with offset star?).

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IC 1505 = MCG -01-60-020 = PGC 72133

23 41 37.1 -03 33 54; Aqr

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 156°

48" (11/2/13): at 488x appeared bright, moderately large, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~45"x35", sharply concentrated with a very bright core and bright stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with the interacting pair (connected by a long tidal plume) Arp 295 = VV 34, consisting of MCG -01-60-021 6.7' SSE and MCG -01-60-022 6.7' SE.

17.5" (11/1/97): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter. Brightest of trio with the interacting pair Arp 295 = MCG -01-60-021 6.6' SSE and MCG -01-60-022 6.7' ESE. Weak but even concentration to a small brighter core and a faint stellar nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1505 = Sw. 10-57 on 12 Nov 1891 and recorded "eeeF, pS, R, 3 pB stars following and 4 or 5 stars preceding, ee dif." His position is 13 seconds of time preceding MCG -01-60-020 = PGC 72133, but a good match in declination. Herbert Howe provided an accurate position in 1888-89 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).

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IC 1506 = MCG +01-60-029 = CGCG 407-052 = PGC 72291

23 44 48.4 +04 44 08; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 135°

24" (11/15/22): at 327x; visible continuously, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25"x20", very small or stellar nucleus (weak). A mag 11.6 star is 2' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1506 = J. 1-497 on 4 Aug 1892. His position matches.

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IC 1507 = UGC 12770 = MCG +00-60-044 = CGCG 381-041 = PGC 72330

23 45 33.2 +01 41 19; Psc

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.45'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°

24" (9/7/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 NW-SE, ~40"x15", very small bright core, stellar nucleus. Situated in a group of stars with mag 8.3 HD 223003 3.7' ESE. An 8' string of stars extends to the NNE. Located 53' E of mag 4.5 Lambda Piscium.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1507 = J. 1-498, along with IC 1510, on 5 Nov 1891. His position matches UGC 12770.

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IC 1508 = UGC 12773 = MCG +02-60-016 = CGCG 432-028 = PGC 72345

23 45 55.1 +12 03 42; Peg

V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 168°

24" (12/1/16): moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, broad concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. The extensions have an irregular or uneven surface brightness. A wide pair of mag 12.1/12.7 stars are off the north side. This pair is nearly collinear with two additional mag 12/13 stars to the NE and SW, forming a 4' string.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1508 = J. 2-803 on 6 Dec 1893. He called it "faint, elongated in the meridian [N-S], 1' in length, no condensation".

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IC 1509 = MCG -03-60-014 = PGC 72392

23 47 16.7 -15 18 23; Aqr

Size 1.4'x0.2'; PA = 11°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, very low surface brightness. Every so often I glimpsed a moderately large "slash" ~N-S, perhaps 0.9'x0.2'. A mag 12.5 star is 1.5' ESE and a mag 12.8 star is 2' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1509 = J. 1-499 on 25 Aug 1892. His postion matches.

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IC 1510 = MCG +00-60-053 = CGCG 381-053 = VV 641 = KUG 2347+017 = PGC 72589 = LEDA 1215207

23 50 32.8 +02 04 24; Psc

Size 0.7'x0.5'

24" (9/7/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very low even surface brightness. IC 1510 is a double system, but I only noticed a single glow. Located 13' SW of mag 7.0 HD 223617 and 27' ESE of mag 6.5 HD 223346. A striking 30' linear string of stars begins 10' S of IC 1510 and extends NW to HD 223346.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1510 = J. 1-500, along with IC 1507, on 5 Nov 1891. He called it "faint, almost round, appears to have two centers of condensation. His description applies to this contact pair of galaxies though only a single IC designation was assigned. The mean position (from NED) is given.

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IC 1513 = UGC 12832 = MCG +02-60-024 = CGCG 432-039 = PGC 72773

23 53 29.4 +11 19 03; Peg

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 106°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 30"x10", low surface brightness. Located 21' SE of NGC 7774 (double system).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1513 = J. 2-804 on 28 Nov 1893 and recorded "F, vS, E in the diurnal movement [E-W], gradually condensed." His position is accurate. MCG failed to equate its entry +02-60-024 with IC 1513.

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IC 1514 = NGC 7776 = MCG -02-60-022 = PGC 72812

23 54 16.6 -13 35 11; Aqr

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 153°

17.5" (10/21/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4'. Weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. Located 2.3' NE of a mag 10.6 star. A mag 12.5 star is 1.3' SW between the galaxy and the brighter star. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in RNGC and identified as IC 1514 in MCG.

Johann Palisa found IC 1514 on 19 Sep 1893 with the 27" Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory and noted "vF, 1/3' diameter, slightly eccentric nucleus." His position matches MCG -02-60-022 = PGC 72812. This galaxy was discovered by Ormond Stone on 31 Oct 1885 at Leander McCormick Observatory and reported in list 1, #270 (later NGC 7776). Although there is nothing at his rough position (nearest min of RA), but Harold Corwin examined his field sketch and found it matches MCG -02-60-022. So, IC 1514 = NGC 7776.

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IC 1515 = UGC 12848 = MCG +00-01-004 = CGCG 382-002 = PGC 72922

23 56 03.9 -00 59 19; Psc

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 N-S, weak concentration, 30"x15". A mag 12 star is just off the west side. Forms a pair with IC 1516 4.4' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1515 = Sw. 10-58 on 12 Nov 1891 and recorded "eeeF, pS, 9.5m * inv, B * nf and pF * sp; sp of 2 [with IC 1516]; eee diff." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.

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IC 1516 = UGC 12852 = MCG +00-01-006 = CGCG 382-004 = PGC 72927

23 56 07.1 -00 54 59; Psc

V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.1

24" (1/1/16): fairly faint or moderately bright, round, 0.6' diameter, broad concentration to a slightly brighter core. Northern of a pair with IC 1515 4.4' SSW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1516 = Sw. 10-59 on 14 Nov 1889 while searching for Brooks' Comet with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "S, R, gradually brighter in the middle, slightly cometary" and measured offsets of -0m 20.55s (mean of 5 measures) and +0' 53" from his comparison star, which is apparently mag 9 HD 224265. IC 1516 is within a few arcseconds of these offsets. He didn't publish the discovery, though, or notify Dreyer.

Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 12 Nov 1891 and described it as "vF, pS, R, B * sf, nf of 2 [with IC 1515]." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 1517 = MCG +00-01-008 = CGCG 382-006 = PGC 72942

23 56 18.8 -00 18 20; Psc

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 172°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright core, stellar nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1517 = Sw. 10-60 on 12 Nov 1891 and reported "eeeF; very small; R; 3 st in a curve p[receding]." His position is just off the west edge of CGCG 382-006 = PGC 72942 and the description matches.

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IC 1518 = CGCG 433-006 = PGC 73011

23 57 06.1 +12 27 54; Peg

V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 65°

24" (12/21/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with IC 1519 0.7' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1518 = J. 2-805, along with IC 1519, on 6 Dec 1893.

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IC 1519 = CGCG 433-005 = PGC 73010

23 57 08.4 +12 27 27; Peg

V = 14.8; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 135°

24" (12/21/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter, stellar nucleus. IC 1519 is very slightly brighter and larger than IC 1518 0.7' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1519 = J. 2-806, along with IC 1518, on 6 Dec 1893.

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IC 1520 = Arp 50 = VV 25 = MCG -02-01-007 = PGC 73057

23 57 54.8 -14 02 27; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 165°

18" (10/29/11): at 283x, Arp 50 was easily visible as a faint to fairly faint, small, round glow, ~24" diameter. The surface brightness is nearly even, though occasionally a slightly brighter stellar nucleus popped out. Located 11' NW of mag 7.2 HD 224512.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1520 = J. 1-501 on 4 Nov 1891. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1522 = MCG +00-01-012 = CGCG 382-011 = KAZ 700 = PGC 73139

23 59 03.4 +01 43 12; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.25'; PA = 13°

24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, very elongated at least 3:1 NW-SE, 0.9'x0.25", fairly low surface brightness.

CGCG 382-012, located 10' NNE, appeared faint, slightly elongated, low surface brightness. Apparently I picked up just the core region. A mag 14.2 star is 50" N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1522 = J. 1-503 on 5 Nov 1891. His position and description matches.

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IC 1523 = IC 5368 = LEDA 3091908

23 59 06.6 +06 52 23; Psc

Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 5°

24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. Situated just 3' WNW of mag 4.0 Omega Piscium. Once the overpowering star was placed outside the field, this faint galaxy was immediately noticed, and although faint and small, it was not as difficult a target as expected.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1523 on 19 Aug 1889, while checking if mag 4.0 Omega Psc was double using the 36-inch Lick refractor. His offset of 164" west is a good match with this faint galaxy. E.E. Barnard found the galaxy again (or perhaps he also observed it with Burnham) at Lick, probably with the 36-inch, and reported it directly to Dreyer. His position matches the bright star. As a result IC 1523 = IC 5368. HyperLeda lists this galaxy as LEDA 3091908, but does not label it with either IC designation.

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IC 1524 = IC 1490 = MCG -01-01-011 = PGC 73151

23 59 10.7 -04 07 37; Psc

Size 1.7'x0.7'; PA = 84°

24" (1/1/16): moderately bright and large, oval 5:3 WSW-ENE, 50"x30", faint elongated halo. Contains a fairly bright, rounder core with either a stellar nucleus or a star superimposed near the center. A mag 14 star is 40" N of center. [Note: The DSS shows a faint star close following the core].

Forms a pair with MCG -01-01-012 = PGC 73143 3.9' S. The companion appeared faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is 0.4' N of center and somewhat hides the galaxy. Many sources misidentify this galaxy as IC 1524.

Truman Safford discovered IC 1524 = Sf. 87 on 23 Sep 1867. His published discovery list in 1887 is missing his description and there is nothing at his position. But 20 seconds of RA west and 1.6' north is MCG -01-01-011 = PGC 73151, the brighter of a north-south pair of galaxies. Lewis Swift independently found IC 1524 on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded Sw. 10-52 (later IC 1490) as "eF; pS; R; vF * close N; 6 pB = Mag stars p[receding]." There is nothing near Swift's position, but Harold Corwin found that Swift made an error of 30 minutes of time (too small) in recording his RA. Once corrected, his RA is just 9 seconds too small and the dec matches perfectly, as well as his description of the nearby stars. So, IC 1524 = IC 1490. MCG, PGC, HyperLeda, WikiSky, etc. misidentify MCG -01-01-012, the fainter southern galaxy,, as IC 1524. Jermain Porter measured an accurate micrometric position in 1908 using the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory, correctly fingering the northern galaxy.

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IC 1525 = UGC 12883 = MCG +08-01-016 = PGC 73150

23 59 15.9 +46 53 20; And

V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 20°

17.5" (7/17/93): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 1.0' diameter, broad mild concentration, very small brighter core. Surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy. Located 8' WSW of mag 7.3 SAO 53560.

IC 1525 is the brightest of three with PGC 18 10' ENE and UGC 12888 6.5' E. PGC 18, just 1.7' NNE of the mag 7.3 star, appeared extremely faint, very small, round. UGC 12888 was a challenging object and just glimpsed 4.2' SW of the bright star. In addtion, UGC 12889 lies 24' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1525 = Sw. 9-100 on 19 Aug 1887 and logged "eF; pS; R; D * points to it." His RA is 45 seconds too large and happens to fall closer to UGC 12888 = MCG +08-01-017 = PGC 73195, a much fainter galaxy. Swift very likely picked up the brightest of the 3 galaxies in the field. MCG misidentifies MCG +08-01-017 as IC 1525, instead of +08-01-016.

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IC 1526 = CGCG 433-041 = KUG 2358+110 = PGC 117

00 01 31.5 +11 20 45; Peg

V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 135°

24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint, slightly elongated NW-SE and halo increases somewhat with averted, ~30" diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness with only a weak central brightening. A triangle of stars is immediately south, with the western one a mag 14.5/15.5 pair at 11" separation.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1526 = J. 2-807 on 28 Nov 1893. His position matches.

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IC 1527 = MCG +01-01-012 = CGCG 408-012 = PGC 164

00 02 21.6 +04 05 23; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 132°

24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint but not difficult, fairly low surface brightness with weak, if any, central concentration. A mag 13.5 star is 1' SE.

UGC 4, located 11' NE, appeared faint, fairly low nearly even surface brightness, slightly brighter center, ~40"x30" N-S. Two 11th mag stars are 2.7' NNW and 4.5' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1527 = J. 1-504 on 19 Aug 1892. His position matches (once a 2' error in his offset star is corrected).

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IC 1528 = MCG -01-01-028 = PGC 312

00 05 05.4 -07 05 36; Cet

V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.0'; PA = 73°

24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, oval ~5.:3 WSW-ENE, ~1.4'x.0.8', appears to have a brighter bar along the major axis. The surface brightness is uneven with subtle structure and the periphery of the halo is ill defined. Located 12' SE of mag 8.4 HD 225211.

Aaron Skinner, assistant to Truman Safford at the Dearborn Observatory, discovered IC 1528 = Sf. 88 on 23 Sep 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor. The position published in the Dearborn discovery list (published in 1887) is 1.5' S of PGC 312 and the identification is certain. Dreyer copied the position into the NGC appendix list, but he made an error of 4° in North Polar Distance in the IC position. As a result MCG -01-01-028 is not identified as IC 1528 in PGC or HyperLeda. The correct identification is given in NED and SIMBAD.

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IC 1529 = MCG -02-01-019 = PGC 364

00 05 13.2 -11 30 10; Cet

Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 21°

24" (9/23/22): at 325x; fairly faint (easily seen), round, 25"-30" diameter (core region), gradually increases to a slightly brighter stellar peak. Situated just within a small isosceles triangle of mag 12.5-13.5 stars.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1529 = J. 1-505 on 31 Aug 1892. His position matches.

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IC 1530 = NGC 7831 = UGC 60 = MCG +05-01-032 = CGCG 498-078 = CGCG 499-050 = LGG 001-005 = PGC 569

00 07 19.5 +32 36 34; And

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 38°

17.5" (10/12/87): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated SW-NE, weak concentration. A mag 14 star is at the SW end 45" from center. Located 2.2' NNW of mag 8.9 SAO 53654. Identified in the UGC and CGCG as IC 1530.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1530 = Big. 357 on 7 Sep 1888 while searching for NGC 7831. He couldn't locate NGC 7831 = UGC 60 at Swift's poor position so he assumed it was a new nebula. CGCG, UGC, MCG label this galaxy as IC 1530 because of the unambiguous IC position, though Swift's number should apply by prior discovery. For more, see Harold Corwin's identification notes and Malcolm Thomson's unpublished "Catalogue Corrections".

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IC 1531 = ESO 349-035 = MCG -05-01-038 = PGC 684

00 09 35.6 -32 16 37; Scl

V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.4'; PA = 138°

24" (9/7/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 5:4 NW-SE, ~36"x28", increases to a small brighter core. Two mag 10.5 stars are roughly 11' NE and mag 9.3 HD 521 (a very wide unequal pair) is 12' due N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1531 = Sw. 12-1 on 24 May 1898, probably the last night he discovered new objects at Lowe Observatory. His position is 20 seconds of RA too far west, but accurate in RA and his description reads "vF, vS, R, unequal D * n." This pair is 12' due north.

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IC 1534 = UGC 125 = MCG +08-01-028 = CGCG 549-025 = V Zw 6 = WBL 005-001 = PGC 910

00 13 45.5 +48 09 04; And

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 72°

17.5" (8/31/86): faint, very small, elongated WSW-ENE, even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is off the NE edge 39" from the center. First of three IC galaxies in the NGC 51 group of six galaxies with IC 1535 2.0' ENE and IC 1536 5.6' E.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1534, along with IC 1535 and 1536, on 6 Jul 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His notebook sketch (including NGC 48, 49 and 51) was reproduced in AN 4136. He added a note that this discovery (and others in AN 4136) was put in an envelope and addressed to A.N. nine years ago, but for some unknown reason were never put in the mails.

Based on a 60-inch Mt. Wilson photograph, described by Pease (1920) as 20"x10", p.a. 65°, almost stellar nucleus.

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IC 1535 = MCG +08-01-030 = CGCG 549-026 = WBL 005-002 = PGC 922

00 13 57.3 +48 09 29; And

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.7; PA = 170°

17.5" (8/31/86): faint, small, elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness, very diffuse. A mag 11 star is 1.5' W. Second of three IC galaxies in the NGC 51 group with IC 1534 2.0' WSW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1535, along with IC 1534 and 1536 on 6 Jul 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. See IC 1534 for more.

Based on a 60-inch Mt. Wilson photograph, described by Pease (1920) as "Spiral, 45"x15", p.a. 168°, gradually brighter in the middle, very small almost stellar nucleus."

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IC 1536 = MCG +08-01-032 = CGCG 549-028 = Mrk 939 = WBL 005-004 = PGC 949

00 14 19.0 +48 08 36; And

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 171°

17.5" (8/31/86): fourth of six in the NGC 51 group and the third of three IC galaxies with IC 1535 3.7' WNW and IC 1534 5.6' W. Very faint, very small, slightly elongated, faint stellar nucleus. A group of four mag 12 -13 stars is just north with the closest star 47" NW of center.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1536, along with IC 1534 and 1535 on 6 Jul 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. See IC 1534 for more.

Based on a 60-inch Mt. Wilson photograph, described by Pease (1920) as "9" diameter with amost stellar nucleus."

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IC 1537 = NGC 55E = ESO 293-050 = MCG -07-01-013 = PGC 1014

00 15 49 -39 15 36; Scl

V = 7.9; Size 32.4'x5.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 108°

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran): IC 1537 is the low surface brightness eastern portion of NGC 55. The following notes only refer to this portion of the galaxy: Continuing further ESE (from the central section), the surface brightness drops significantly very quickly and a large, elongated dark wedge appears to take a bite out of the galaxy. Just as the galaxy begins to brighten again towards the ESE end, there is another bright round knot and a second very small piece just detached to the ENE. At the ESE tip the galaxy brightens a bit more and has an irregular, patchy appearance with a couple of brighter stars superimposed.

17.5" (11/1/86): the eastern portion appears tilted at a slight angle to the main western portion.

13.1" (11/5/83): the very faint eastern portion is near detached from the bright WNW section.

8" (9/25/81): very large, very elongated, brighter to the west, very faint eastern section.

Lewis Swift found IC 1537 = Sw. 11-2 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported "eeeF; vL; eE; close f NGC 55; f of 2 [with NGC 55]." He included a long note at the end of his discovery list: "This with its associated companion is a remarkable nebula. I am undecided as to whether it is all one, or consisting of two, the preceding half very very bright, very larg, exceedingly elongated as Sir John Herschel describes it, and the following half exceedingly exceedingly faint, very large, exceedingly elongated, partly overlapping the other. If single it is curved, if double are inclined to each other. I am included to think they are two distinct nebulae, one reason being that the brighter ends sharply, which would be improbably if the brighter merged into the fainter. The brighter was discovered by Dunlop, but he could not have seen the fainter. As Sir John Herschel does not mention with a sign as being a remarkable object, lends plausibility to the idea that it was not seen even by him."

But Dunlop's size estimate of 25' includes the faint eastern portion and John Herschel's sketch of NGC 55 clearly shows the fainter eastern section! Corwin's position is centered on the brightest portion of the eastern half.

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IC 1539 = NGC 70 = Arp 113 = VV 166a = Holm 6c = UGC 174 = MCG +05-01-067 = CGCG 499-108 = WBL 007-010 = PGC 1194

00 18 22.6 +30 04 47; And

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 0°

See observing notes for NGC 70.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1539 = Big IX-359 on 19 Dec 1897 while searching for NGC 70. He misidentified a star as NGC 70 and reported Big. 359 (later IC 1539) as new. His positon in CR for 6 May 1901 is at the northeast edge of NGC 70.

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IC 1542 = MCG +04-02-001 = CGCG 479-001 = WBL 009-001 = PGC 1328

00 20 41.2 +22 35 33; And

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 78°

18" (11/22/08): faint, small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Located on the NW edge of the NGC 80 cluster. Forms a pair with 2MASX J00203547+2234376 located 1.7' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1542 = J. 3-810 on 20 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.

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IC 1546 = NGC 85B = MCG +04-02-008 = CGCG 479-010 = WBL 009-006 = PGC 1382

00 21 29.0 +22 30 21; And

V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6

18" (11/22/08): very faint, small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.45'x0.15'. Forms the fainter member of a close double system with NGC 85 just 0.9' NW of center and the major axis of the galaxy points to NGC 85.

17.5" (9/19/87): extremely faint, very small, elongated NW-SE, visible with averted vision only. Forms a double system just 1' E of NGC 85 in the NGC 80 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1546 = J. 3-814 on 20 Nov 1897 and measured an accurate position. Harold Corwin suggests dropping the use of designation NGC 85B for this galaxy since the IC 1546 identification is certain.

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IC 1549 = UGC 218 = MCG +01-02-005 = CGCG 409-008 = PGC 1464

00 22 49.8 +06 57 51; Psc

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x1.0'

24" (9/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 45" diameter, gradually increased to a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 1.2' ESE and a mag 8.5 star is 13' WNW.

CGCG 409-007, located 9' S, appeared faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 45"x15". Three mag 15 stars cradle the galaxy, all within 50" separation (S, N and W).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1549 = Sw. 11-3 on 8 Dec 1895 and recorded "eeF, unequal D * f[ollows] 46 sec [on] same parallel." His RA is 22 seconds too large, but once corrected a wide, unequal pair (or trio) matches his description.

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IC 1553 = ESO 473-026 = MCG -04-02-017 = PGC 1977

00 32 40.1 -25 36 27; Scl

Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 15°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.7'x0.3'. Fairly even, low surface brightness though the view was compromised by poor seeing and haze at its low elevation. Two mag 13.5-14 stars 3.5' S and 8' S are collinear with the galaxy.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1553 = D.S. 109 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported "vF, vmE 10°", which matches this galaxy.

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IC 1554 = ESO 350-033 = AM 0030-323 = MCG -05-02-015 = PGC 2000

00 33 07.4 -32 15 30; Scl

V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 25°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 SSW-NNE, contains a small bright core (round) with a halo of of ~35"x20". The view was degraded due to thin clouds and its low elevation. A mag 10.9 star lies 5.6' NW and a mag 8.1 star lies 12' ESE.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1554 = D.S. 110 from a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported "vF, vS, extremely elongated170°, suddenly brighter in the middle", but there is nothing at his position.

Many sources including MCG, ESO, PGC, NGC 2000.0, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD identify ESO 350-033 as IC 1554, in fact as far back as the 1921 Helwan list of observations. ESO 350-033 is situated 14' SSE of Stewart's position, which would be an exceptionally large error by Stewart. Furthermore, although ESO 350-033 is elongated, the position angle is 25° (SSW-NNE), whereas Stewart reported an orientation of NNW-SSE (about 30° off from ESO 350-033).

Wolfgang Steinicke lists the number as "not found" and Malcolm Thomson came to the same conclusion.

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IC 1555 = ESO 410-021 = AM 0032-301 = MCG -05-02-019 = LGG 007-007 = PGC 2071

00 34 32.6 -30 01 04; Scl

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 136°

24" (9/7/18): at 260x; very faint, small, round, 30" diameter, very low surface brightness (perhaps it was viewed through smoke haze at the low elevation). A mag 14.8 star is at the SE edge [0.5' from center] and a mag 11.6 star is 1.8' W. Member of the NGC 134 group (LGG 007)

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1555 = Sw. 12-3 on 22 May 1898 at Echo Mountain, during his last observing year. He described it as "eeeF, S, R, wide D * close p point to it. Not [NGC] 174." Herbert Howe followed up on Swift's observation and noted "..the discoverer says that a "wide D * close p point to it." The magnitudes of the components of the double are 9.5 and 12, and by a rough sketch I judge their distance apart to be 1' or 2'. The star of mag 9.5 precedes the nebula 8 seconds, 0.1' north. A star of mag 13 is close to the nebula, south following."

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IC 1556 = MCG -02-02-059 = PGC 2100

00 34 58.0 -09 20 32; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 135°

24" (8/30/16): at 200x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30"x25", contains a bright core than increases to the center.

MCG -02-02-059 forms a pair with fainter MCG -02-02-057 just 2' SE, which is identified as IC 1556 in NED. MCG -02-02-057 appeared very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15", slightly brighter core, low surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is 0.9' S of center. Although the IC identification is not certain due to a poor discovery position by Swift, MCG -02-02-059 is much more likely to be Swift's object.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1556 = Sw. 11-4 on 10 Sep 1895 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; ee diff[icult]". There is nothing near his position and it was reported "Not shown" on plates taken at the Helwan Observatory in 1919-20. HyperLeda doesn't assign IC 1556 to a galaxy and both Steinicke and Seligman lists the number as not found or lost. But 12' due north is a pair of galaxies. Assuming he picked up the much brighter galaxy, then IC 1556 = MCG -02-02-059 = PGC 2100. NED identifies IC 1556 with fainter MCG -02-02-057. See Corwin's notes for more on this number.

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IC 1557 = MCG -01-02-037 = PGC 2130

00 35 34.5 -02 52 35; Cet

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 135°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Forms a pair with brighter and larger NGC 161 1.7' N. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.2' W. A mag 15.6 star is 40" S, in line with the two galaxies and a mag 12 star 1' N of NGC 161.

24" (11/24/14): faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Situated 1.2' E of a mag 12.5 star and 1.7' S of brighter NGC 161.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1557 = Ho III-1 on 6 Nov 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. While observing and measuring NGC 161 (discovered by Swift), he mentions "I noticed another nebula 2' south of 161." In his list of new nebula (MNRAS 60, 611, 1900), Howe adds "eF, vS" and "attended by a star of mag 14, a trifle south, and by another, which follows the nebula closely." Although his position is accurate, the MCG, PGC, RNGC, HyperLeda and Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 incorrectly equate NGC 161 with IC 1557. The original error was likely made in the MCG.

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IC 1558 = ESO 474-002 = MCG -04-02-024 = UGCA 8 = PGC 2142

00 35 47.1 -25 22 28; Scl

V = 12.2; Size 3.4'x2.5'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 150°

17.5" (9/7/96): extremely faint, fairly large, diffuse, very low surface brightness. At times appeared elongated NNW-SSE, but it was very difficult to trace the outer halo due to its low surface brightness. Required averted and was unable to hold the galaxy steadily. Located 3.5' NE of mag 8 SAO 166387.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1558 = DS 111 on an Arequipa plate from 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "star north, possible spiral, E at 160°."

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IC 1559 = NGC 169A = Arp 282 NED2 = MCG +04-02-034 = Mrk 341 = PGC 2201

00 36 52.3 +23 59 06; And

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 94°

24" (9/30/16): at 200x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~15"x12", faint stellar nucleus. Forms the southern component of a disrupted, contact pair (Arp 282) with NGC 169 [21" between centers]. Located 3.8' SW of distracting mag 6.2 HD 3411! NGC 160 lies 11' WSW.

13.1" (10/20/84): appears as a "faint star" possibly nebulous at the south edge of NGC 169, forming a close contact system (Arp 282).

R.J. Mitchell discovered IC 1559 = Big. 245 = J. 3-819 on 18 Sep 1857 using LdR's 72". He described NGC 169 as "S; double neb; the north one is extended, sp/nf; brighter middle." IC 1559 is the fainter southern component. It was confirmed a month later on 22 Oct 1857 and reobserved by Lawrence Parsons in 1866. Mitchell assumed his observation of a double nebula referred to NGC 160, though, with the second object catalogued later as GC 80. But comparing the description to the field, it's clear that Mitchell was referring to NGC 169 and its close companion to the south.

Herman Schultz observed the field on 5 Sep 1867 (9.6" refractor) and also suspected NGC 169 to be double ("is probably S globular, and seems sometimes to be divided into two separate objects."). In the 1880 publication Dreyer notes that Mitchell mistook his object for h32 = NGC 160, but the "double nebula" should apply to h82 = NGC 169. Bigourdan also found it on 7 Sep 1891 and reported it as new (Big. 245).

Because of all the confusion Dreyer dropped GC 80 from the GC Supplement and added GC 5107 [= NGC 162] to a faint star east-northeast of NGC 160 that Schultz and Lawrence Parsons noted as nebulous. As a result IC 1559 did not receive a NGC number despite being observed twice by Mitchell, later by Lawrence Parsons and even suspected by Schultz. It was discovered again independently by Bigourdan on 7 Oct 1885 and by Javelle on 20 Nov 1897 and included in the IC as 1559. Dreyer credited "LdR", along with Bigourdan and Javelle, with the discovery.

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IC 1561 = ESO 474-008 = MCG -04-02-029 = AM 0036-243 NED01 = KTS 5A = PGC 2305

00 38 32.5 -24 20 24; Cet

V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 103°

24" (10/3/13): fairly faint, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 45"x20", slightly brighter core region. Forms a pair with IC 1562 4' N.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1561 = DS 112 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "star north, E at 105°."

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IC 1562 = ESO 474-009 = MCG -04-02-030 = AM 0036-243 NED02 = KTS 5B = PGC 2308

00 38 34.0 -24 16 27; Cet

V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 170°

24" (10/3/13): moderately bright and large, slightly elongated, ~1.2' diameter, broad concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. A mag 13 star is 0.9' N of center, just off the north side. Brightest in a triplet (KTS 5) with IC 1561 4.0' S and MCG -04-02-031 4.6' NE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1562 = DS 113 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "small, round, pretty suddenly brighter in the middle."

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IC 1563 = NGC 191A = Arp 127 NED2 = Holm 13b = MCG -02-02-076 = PGC 2332

00 39 00.2 -09 00 52; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.9; PA = 147°

17.5" (9/17/88): faint, very small, round. A mag 14 star is 30" N. Forms a double system with NGC 191 just 45" NNW of center.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1563 = Big. 362 on 16 Dec 1897. He noted it was 0.6' in PA 160° (SSE) from NGC 191. This galaxy is often referred to as NGC 191A, although that designation is unnecessary as the IC designation is certain. In "Die Herschel-Nebel" (1926), Reinmuth noted, "pF vS neb ssf 1.0' [of NGC 191]"

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IC 1565 = UGC 410 = MCG +01-02-047 = CGCG 409-057 = IC 1567: = WBL 016-002 = PGC 2372

00 39 26.3 +06 44 03; Psc

V = 13.5; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.1

18" (8/26/06): the brightest member of AGC 76 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.7', very small bright core. The next two brightest cluster members are IC 1566 which lies 5' NE and IC 1568 10' NE. Several mag 10-11 stars are in the field, including a mag 10 star 3.4' SE.

17.5" (9/5/99): first of three in core of AGC 76. Appears faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Located 2.4' S of a mag 11.5 star and 3.4' NW of a mag 10.5 star. IC 1566 lies 5.2' NE and IC 1568 is 10' NE. NGC 190 (HCG 5) lies 20' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1565 = J. 3-820, along with IC 1566, 1568, 1569 and 1570, on 24 Nov 1897. Discovered by Javelle. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1566 = MCG +01-02-048 = CGCG 409-058 = WBL 016-003 = PGC 2373

00 39 33.3 +06 48 55; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 125°

18" (8/26/06): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter. Slightly smaller and fainter than IC 1565. Located 5' NE of IC 1565 in AGC 76.

17.5" (9/5/99): second of three in AGC 76. Very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Appears similar to IC 1565 but slightly lower surface brightness. Located 3.0' NE of a mag 11.5 star and 5.2' NE of IC 1565. IC 1568 lies 6.0' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1566 = J. 3-821 on 24 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.

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IC 1568 = MCG +01-02-052 = CGCG 409-061 = WBL 016-004 = PGC 2404

00 39 55.9 +06 50 55; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.9'

18" (8/26/06): faint, small, ~25"x15". Third and faintest of three on a line with IC 1565 and IC 1566 in AGC 76.

17.5" (9/5/99): third of three in AGC 76 with IC 1565 and IC 1566. Appears very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, ~50"x35". IC 1566 lies 6.0' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1568 = J. 3-822 on 24 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.

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IC 1569 = MCG +01-02-053 = PGC 2430

00 40 28.0 +06 43 11; Psc

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 12°

18" (8/26/06): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x16". Located 2.7' SW of a mag 10.7 star and 15' dues east of IC 1565 in AGC 76.

17.5" (12/11/99): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A mag 15-15.5 star lies 1.1' S of center. Located 15' due east of IC 1565 in AGC 76.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1569 = J. 3-823, along with IC 1568, on 24 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.

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IC 1574 = UGCA 9 = ESO 474-018 = MCG -04-02-043 = DDO 226 = PGC 2578

00 43 03.8 -22 14 49; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 175°

18" (12/17/11): at 175x, an extremely or nearly very faint, low surface brightness glow was visible with averted vision. Appeared fairly small, elongated N-S, ~25"x15". Located 27' SW of mag 5.2 HD 4247. This dwarf is a member of the Sculptor Group.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1562 = DS 115 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "vF, vmE at 0° [N-S], gradually brighter in the middle."

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IC 1575 = Arp 231 = VV 642 = MCG -01-03-002 = MCG -01-03-003 = PGC 2601 = PGC 2602

00 43 33.4 -04 07 04; Cet

V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 140°

24" (9/1/16): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~25" diameter. A mag 13.3 star is 0.6' S. At the northwest side is a brighter quasi-stellar knot or nucleus of IC 1575A.

On the DSS and SDSS, IC 1575 appears to be a post-merger system with a prominent curving dust slicing the galaxy from SW to NE and low surface brightness outer arcs or shells. The NW portion of the system contains the bright nucleus and is listed in NED as IC 1575A = MCG -01-03-002 and the larger SE portion is IC 1575B = MCG -01-03-003.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1575 = Sw. 11-5 on 5 Sep 1896 and reported "eeF; S; R; 10m * close s[outh]; not [NGC] 239." His position is 1.8' too far south.

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IC 1576 = ESO 474-020 = MCG -04-02-045 = PGC 2630

00 44 14.2 -25 06 33; Scl

Size 0.75'x0.45'; PA = 144°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; IC 1576 is the southwestern of a 3.3' pair of faint galaxies with IC 1578. It appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. The galaxy is squeezed between two 14th magnitude stars oriented SW-NE, with both stars within 30" of the center of the galaxy. The pair is situated just 45' WNW of the center of NGC 253! The redshift is of IC 1576 is over twice that of IC 1578, so this is not a physical pair.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1576 = D.S. 116 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 1577 = IC 48 = MCG -01-03-001 = MCG -02-03-001 = PGC 2603

00 43 34.5 -08 11 11; Cet

V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 171°

See observing notes for IC 48.

See IC 48.

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IC 1578 = ESO 474-021 = MCG -04-03-001 = PGC 2637

00 44 25.9 -25 04 37; Scl

Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 18°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; IC 1578 and IC 1576 are a similar pair of extremely faint galaxies oriented SW to NE and separated by 3.3'. Both are very small, ~20" diameter, with a low surface brightness. The pair is located just 45' WNW of the center of NGC 253!

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1578 = D.S. 117 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 1579 = ESO 474-022 = MCG -05-03-002 = PGC 2667

00 45 32.5 -26 33 56; Scl

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 6°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", broad concentration with a slightly brighter core. The galaxy is located 15' ESE of mag 7.8 HD 4208 and is in line with two mag 13 stars to the south [by 1.6' and 4.0']. Even the elongation of the galaxy matches this line.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1579 = D.S. 118 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 1582 = ESO 474-024 = MCG -04-03-003 = PGC 2701

00 46 16.8 -24 16 46; Cet

Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 47°

24" (12/28/16): at 282x; very faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 30"x12", low even surface brighness. I couldn't hold the glow continuously but it was often visible with averted vision. Located 10' SW of mag 7.5 HD 4507 and 4.7' E of a mag 11.0 star. The galaxy forms the west vertex of a triangle with two mag 12.5-13 stars 2.5' E and 3' SE.

ESO 474-026, an unusual double-ringed galaxy, lies 13' SE. It appeared fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus with a stellar peak. Located 9.5' SSE of mag 7.5 HD 4507. This galaxy has two perpendicular rings -- both an equatorial ring and a polar ring surrounding a central nearly spherical galaxy (only the third component seen). It is thought to have resulted from the major merger of two haloes with a 1:1 mass ratio.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1582 = DS 120 on a plate taken 3 Nov 1898 at the Harvard station in Arequipa. He described it as "eF, eS, pmE at 45°, * in M[iddle]."

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IC 1583 = MCG +04-03-001 = CGCG 480-004 = PGC 2760

00 47 10.3 +23 04 26; And

V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 25°

24" (12/1/13): faint to fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, 18"x15", contains a very small bright nucleus, high surface brightness. First in a trio with slightly bright IC 1585 1.5' SE and MCG +04-03-003 2.6' SE. Located 1.2° S of mag 4.1 Zeta And.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1583 = J. 3-826, along with IC 1585, on 23 Nov 1897. His micrometric position is accurate. MCG +04-03-001 is not identified as IC 1583 in the MCG..

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IC 1585 = MCG +04-03-002 = CGCG 480-005 = PGC 2764

00 47 14.3 +23 03 13; And

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 109°

24" (12/1/13): fairly faint, very small, round, 18" diameter, contains a very small very bright nucleus. This compact galaxy has a very high surface brightness. Second in a small triplet with IC 1583 1.5' NW and MCG +04-03-003 1.2' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1585 = J. 3-827, along with IC 1583, on 23 Nov 1897. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1590 = Cr 8

00 52 49 +56 37 54; Cas

Size 4'

18" (2/16/07): at 220x about three dozen stars are visible in the region of the nebula, including a number of faint stars. At the center is the multiple star HD 5005 = Burnham 1, a striking triple with a difficult 4th component. A close pair of mag 11.5 stars lie 0.9' SW of Burnham 1.

17.5" (9/28/02): IC 1590 is a young star cluster embedded in the core of NGC 281. The bright central quadruple (ADS 719 = Burnham 1) contains a bright mag 8.6/9.2/9.8 trio at 4" and 9". At 140x, a fourth fainter companion (mag ~10.1) at 1.54" separation is just visible close following the brightest member and is cleanly resolved at 324x.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1590 = Big. 366 on 31 Oct 1899 and recorded "a large number of stars forming a very large cluster without concentration. Seen in the region of NGC 281." His position is 3' southeast of this group of stars centered on Burnham 1.

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IC 1591 = NGC 276 = ESO 474-034 = MCG -04-03-021 = PGC 3054

00 52 06.5 -22 40 49; Cet

V = 14.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 90°

See observing notes for NGC 276.

Delisle Stewart found IC 1591 = D.S. 123 (= NGC 276) on a plate taken 3 Nov 1898 and reported "vF, vS, pmE at 95°, pretty much brighter middle." This galaxy was discovered by Frank Muller in 1886 at the Leander McCormick Observatory but his typical rough position was 1.2 min too far west and Stewart assumed it was new. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 276 in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes), though Dreyer didn't realize the equivalence with IC 1591.

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IC 1599 = ESO 474-042 = MCG -04-03-030 = PGC 3210

00 54 32.8 -23 29 42; Cet

Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 107°

48" (11/2/13): moderately bright and large, thin edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.2', slightly brighter core. Picked up while viewing the HCG 9 quartet which lies ~5' SW. PGC 133684 lies 2.9' SE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1599 = DS 127 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "vF, vS, pmE at 100° [ESE]."

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IC 1602 = MCG -02-03-047 = PGC 3306

00 55 51.9 -09 59 08; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 174°

24" (12/21/16): at 282x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. IC 1602 is the brightest member of AGC 117 (light travel time of 738 million years). No others members were observed. Located 13' SW of NGC 309.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1602 = Ho II- on 16 Dec 1898 while observing NGC 309. He simply noted "vF, S, near NGC 309." and measured an accurate position.

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IC 1608 = ESO 351-027 = MCG -06-03-013 = PGC 3549

00 59 24.4 -34 19 44; Scl

V = 12.7; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 171°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; no worse than fairly faint and nearly moderately bright, elongated 3:2 or 5:3 N-S, ~50"x30", strong concentration with a brighter, round core. Located 18' N of mag 7.7 HD 5825. The Sculptor Dwarf is centered 38' NNE!

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1608 = Sw. 11-8 on 3 Oct 1897 and reported "pB; pS; R; 2 st nf and 2 np." His position is off by 2' (too far west). The identification is certain, though it's not clear what stars he was referring to.

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IC 1610 = MCG -03-03-020 = PGC 3681

01 01 42.6 -15 34 04; Cet

V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright nucleus, high surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is just off the north edge, only 30" from center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1610 = Sw. 11-10 on 13 Dec 1895 and recorded "pF; pS; R; 9m * nearly in contact np [north-preceding]". His position is 3' SSW of PGC 3681and his description clinches the identification.

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IC 1611 = ESO 029-27 = DEM S 106 = Lindsay 61

00 59 48.7 -72 20 01; Tuc

V = 12.0; Size 1.0'

30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): IC 1611, IC 1612 and Kron 22 are a trio of clusters just 10' SE of NGC 346, the best emission nebula in the SMC and the general field is striking (Hodge Association 44). IC 1611 is fairly bright, irregular shape, elongated SW to NE, ~1 diameter. A couple of very faint stars were resolved at the edges, though this object appears to be primarily an emission nebula (DEM S 106). A mag 12.5 star lies 1' NNE (blue supergiant RMC 16) and a mag 13 star is 1' ENE. IC 1612 lies 2.4' SSE and Kron 22 4' SE.

James Dunlop discovered IC 1611 = D 26 = D.S. 132 on 2 Sep 1826. He described "a small double nebula; the following [IC 1612] is very faint." His position is ~ 5' S of IC 1611 and IC 1612. Although he catalogued the two "nebulae" together with a single position, his handwritten notes separate them by 6 seconds in RA and places the following nebula 1' N, instead of 2' S. Perhaps he only saw a single cluster - IC 1611 - and the second object was a mag 12.5 star 1' NE.

John Herschel never verified Dunlop's D 26 and DeLisle Stewart, who independently discovered IC 1611 and IC 1612 on a plate taken 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station, was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 1612 = ESO 029-028 = Lindsay 62 = Kron 41

01 00 00.3 -72 22 18; Tuc

V = 12.3; Size 0.8'

30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): Second of three clusters with IC 1611 2.4' NNW and Kron 42 2.5' E. Fairly bright, irregular shape elongated SW-NE, ~1.2' diameter. A half-dozen stars were resolved around the edges including two very close pairs! Kron 42 appeared bright, very small knot, ~30" diameter. Contains a very bright core and a small fainter halo. A single mag 12.8 star stood out at the SW edge.

The background glow of the SMC is relatively bright in this region, so the cluster is set over a background glow that seems to extend more noticeably to the W and SW.

James Dunlop probably discovered IC 1612 = D 26?, along with IC 1611, on 2 Sep 1826. He described D 26 as "a small double nebula; the following [IC 1612] is very faint." His position is ~ 5' S of IC 1611 and 1612, a 2.3' pair oriented NNW-SSE. Although he catalogued the two "nebulae" together with a single position, his handwritten notes separate them by 6 seconds in RA and he placed the following nebula 1' N, instead of 2' S. Perhaps he only saw IC 1611, and the second object in his description refers to a single mag 12.5 star 1' NE of IC 1611. John Herschel never verified D 26 and Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1612 = D.S. 133 on a plate taken 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru and his position is used in the IC.

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IC 1613 = UGC 668 = MCG +00-03-070 = Cetus system = PGC 3844

01 04 46.2 +02 07 04; Cet

V = 9.2; Size 16.2'x14.5'; Surf Br = 15.0; PA = 50°

48" (10/26/16): I spent a few minutes identifying OB associations in the patchy northeast section section of IC 1613. At 375x I was able to pinpoint a half-dozen faint or fairly faint "knots", generally 12"-15" in diameter within a 1.5' region. The stellar associations listed below are from Paul Hodge's 1978 study "The structure and content of IC 1613" and the Borissova et al. 2004 paper "The catalogue of OB associations in IC 1613".

The brightest patch, [H78] A10 = [BKG04] G7, is on the west edge and appeared moderately bright, small, 12" diameter. A star is involved in the patch - this is [BUG07] A8, the brightest star (blue supergiant) in IC 1613, with a spectral class of A2 Ia and mag V = 16.4!

Close northeast and southeast are [H78] A13 = [BKG04] G11 and [H78] A14 = [BKG04] G14, both easily seen as fairly faint glows, ~15" diameter. [H78] A17 = [BKG04] G25 is a very faint knot 1' E of [H78] 13 and [H78] A15 = [BKG04] G15 was visible 30" S of [H78] A14. [H78] A11 = [BKG04] G10 was also easily seen as a 12" knot 1.5' N of [H78] A10.

18" (9/15/07): faint, very large, irregular glow, roughly elongated 4:3 SW-NE, ~8'x6'. A mag 10.5 star is just at the west edge of the glow. A very small knot (HII region?) or core is faintly visible just 2' E or ENE of the mag 10.5 star. There appears to be a very faint detached piece to the northeast about 7' from the mag 10.5 star. Located ~12' S of mag 7.2 HD 6375.

13.1" (12/22/84): faint, large, extremely diffuse. This Local Group member appears as an irregular hazy region with a large brighter section to the NE and a fainter section to the SW. No visible core. Several brighter stars are in the field includes a star at the SW edge. Located 46' N of 26 Ceti.

Max Wolf discovered IC 1613 on a plate taken with the Bruce 16-inch telescope in September 1906. Wolf's position (given in 1885 coordinates) is ~10' south and 1.5 minutes of time preceding the galaxy. As he used BD stars to measure positions, it's very possible the coordinates for the "densest part" are for 1855. If so, his position is near the center of IC 1613!

William Baade first showed it was extragalactic in 1935 and a year later Hubble included it as a Local Group member. The distance is ~2.4 million light years.

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IC 1616 = ESO 412-004 = AM 0102-274 = MCG -05-03-022 = PGC 3846

01 04 56.2 -27 25 46; Scl

V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 4°

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, perhaps 45"x35" though outer portion of halo increases with averted. Broad concentration with a slightly brighter core region. This galaxy is just north of a 3' string of three mag 12 stars and it forms the northern vertex of an equilateral triangle with the two western stars in the sting. Three fainter stars lie NW and NE with the galaxy nestled inside this group of stars.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1616 = Sw. 12-5 on 24 May 1897 (or 1898) and recorded "extremely faint, pS, close to 3 st like belt of Orion." His position is 2.5' NW of ESO 412-004 and the three stars are off the south side. Harold Corwin notes that although Swift listed 1897 as the year of the discovery in his 12th list, he includes 2 others found on 24 May 1898. So assuming they were all found on the same night it is more likely this object was found in 1898. If that's the case, this one of his last few discoveries.

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IC 1619 = MCG +05-03-054 = CGCG 501-083 = PGC 3975

01 07 22.4 +33 04 02; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 101°

24" (10/5/13): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, very slightly brighter nucleus. Sandwiched between two mag 12.5/13 stars with a 1.4' separation and oriented SSW-NNE. Picked up 13' WSW of the NGC 392/394/397 triplet. UGC 692 lies 8' SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1619 = J. 3-832 on 28 Nov 1899 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 1620 = UGC 681 = MCG +02-03-034 = CGCG 435-042 = PGC 3960

01 07 14.3 +13 57 18; Psc

V = 14.5; Size 0.95'x0.7'; PA = 87°

24" (10/17/20): nearly fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated or irregularly round, diffuse, low surface brightness, weak central brightening. A mag 15.3 star is 0.9' SW. IC 1620 is located 10' NE of mag 7.2 HD 6566.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1620 = J. 3-833 on 13 Nov 1903. His position is accurate.

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IC 1622 = ESO 541-022 = MCG -03-04-001 = PGC 3997

01 07 36.7 -17 32 19; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.4

24" (10/5/13): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. Picked up 3.1' SW of IC 1623, a very close double system, also known as Arp 236 and VV 114. 365x revealed a broad concentration with a brighter nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1622 = Sw. 11-11, along with IC 1623, on 19 Nov 1897 and logged "vF; S; R; np of 2 [with IC 1623]." His position is ~2' too far north-northwest, a similar error as IC 1623. The IC description was corrected to read "sp of 2".

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IC 1623 = Arp 236 = VV 114 = ESO 541-23 = PGC 4007 = PGC 4008

01 07 47.2 -17 30 25; Cet

Size 1.2'x0.9'

24" (10/5/13): Arp 236 = VV 114 is in Arp's category of "appearance of fission", though this contact pair is apparently undergoing a merger and the two nuclei are separated by only 15"! IC 1623A, the brighter western component, appeared fairly bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, high surface brightness. IC 1623B, attached on the east end, appeared as a fairly faint, small glow that wasn't separately resolved, but appeared as a bulge or knot on the east end. 365x revealed a broad concentration with a brighter nucleus. Research reveals the IC 1623B is optically obscured but very bright in the infrared indicating intense star formation. IC 1622 lies 3.1' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1623 = Sw. 11-12, along with IC 1622, on 19 Nov 1897 and logged "B; cS; lE; sf of 2 [with IC 1622]." His position is ~2.5' too far northwest, a similar error as IC 1622. The IC description was corrected to read "nf of 2".

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IC 1624 = ESO 051-017 = Kron 52 = Lindsay 76

01 05 20.9 -72 02 35; Tuc

V = 12.4; Size 0.7'

18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC, this is the smaller of a pair of nebulous clusters with NGC 395. It appeared about half the size of NGC 395, roughly 1' in diameter with a mottled appearance and no central condensation or resolution. A mag 13 star is close west with a mag 11 star 2' W (supergiant SK 118). A very small nebulous knot (SMC-N78C) was also noted ~2' SE. A large, scattered group of stars (OB-association) is superimposed on the field. Located 9' E of NGC 371 and 3.5' SSE of NGC 395.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1624 = DS 137 from a plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, S, R." Some catalogues give IC 1624 as the designation to the nebulosity only and the cluster associated with it is called Kron 52. Here I have referred to IC 1624 as the name to the cluster, with Kron 52 being an alternate name.

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IC 1625 = ESO 243-033 = AM 0105-471 = PGC 4001

01 07 42.6 -46 54 27; Phe

V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 8°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): IC 1625 is the brightest galaxy at the center of AGC 2870 and is located just 20' SE of mag 3.3 Beta Phoenicis (4.1/4.2 pair currently at 0.6"). At 264x, IC 1625 appeared very bright, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S, ~1.25'x1.0'. The galaxy has a high surface brightness with a very bright relatively large core! Several of the nearby cluster members are described below. AGC 2870 is part of the Phoenix Supercluster, along with AGC 2877, which is centered just 1.1° NNE.

LEDA 73621 (2.7' N): fairly faint (B = 15.2), round, 20" diameter, very easy.

ESO 243-032 (6' NW): fairly faint (B = 15.3), elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 30"x15".

IC 1630 (11' NE): fairly faint, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 40" x15", even surface brightness. A mag 7 star is 6' NNE.

ESO 243-037 (12' SE): fairly faint, elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, ~36"x27".

ESO 243-038 (13' SE): faint, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 30"x20".

ESO 243-035 (15' SSE): fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20", bright nucleus. In small quartet.

ESO 243-031 (18' NNW): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE, ~40"x12", small bright core.

ESO 243-029 (20' NW): fairly faint, slightly elongated, small bright core. A mag 13.5 star is at the SW side [25" from center].

ESO 243-027 (28' NW): faint, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 14.4 star is off the SW end [43" from center].

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1625 = D.S. 138 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, R, susp."

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IC 1626 = ESO 029-030 = Lindsay 77

01 06 14.6 -73 17 51; Tuc

V = 13.8

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 45"x35", fairly even glow. A couple of faint stars were resolved at the NW and SW edge. Two mag 11.5 stars lie 4' SW and mag 10.6 HD 6932 lies 8' NE. Hodge-Wright (HW) 52, a faint cluster, lies 5' NE. In addition, IC 1644 lies 14' NE and Lindsay 86 is located 9' ENE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1626 = DS 139 from a plate taken on 14 Dec 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, cS, R."

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IC 1627 = ESO 243-034 = 2MFGC 827 = PGC 4027

01 08 10.8 -46 05 39; Phe

V = 12.9; Size 2.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 137°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; excellent edge-on, fairly large, elongated 7:1 NW-SE, ~2.1'x0.3'. Contains a brighter, very elongated core that is angled slightly differently than the extensions or perhaps the extensions are slightly warped [verified on the DSS!]. A mag 13 star is just east of the southeast flank. The major axis is collinear with a mag 10.8 star 2.9' NW. IC 1627 is the second or third brightest member of AGC 2877 (brightest is IC 1633, located 20' NE).

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1627 = D.S. 140 in 1899 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported it as "cF, S, extremely extended at 135°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 1628 = ESO 412-007 = AM 0106-285 NED01 = MCG -05-03-027 = PGC 4075

01 08 47.5 -28 34 56; Scl

V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7

24" (10/6/18): at 260x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 45" diameter, fairly high surface brightness, increases to very small brighter nucleus.

IC 1628 is the brighter of a close 1.25' pair with MCG -05-03-028, just beyond the halo to the southeast. The companion appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. It is too small for any internal details.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1628 = Sw. 12-6 on 12 Oct 1897 and wrote, "cB, pS, round, 3 8m st[ars] near." His position matches ESO 412-007, though he apparently missed the companion.

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IC 1630 = ESO 243-036 = AM 0106-470 = PGC 4036

01 08 16.8 -46 45 14; Phe

V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 65°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 40" x15", even surface brightness. This member of AGC 2870 is situated 11' NE of IC 1625 (brightest cluster member) and 6' SSW of mag 7.0 HD 6869. It's also located 23' E of mag 3.3 Beta Phoenicis!

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1630 = D.S. 141 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, E at 60°, susp."

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IC 1631 = ESO 243-040 = AM 0106-464 = PGC 4068

01 08 44.9 -46 28 33; Phe

V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 82°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright, slightly elongated 5:4 E-W, ~40"x32", fairly even surface brightness. Located 12' N of mag 7.0 HD 6869 and 31' NE of mag 3.3 Beta Phoenicis, between AGC 2870 and AGC 2877 (both members of the Phoenix Supercluster).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1631 = D.S. 142 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, R, susp."

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IC 1633 = ESO 243-046 = PGC 4149

01 09 55.6 -45 55 52; Phe

V = 11.6; Size 2.9'x2.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 120°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; very bright, very large, slightly elongated ~E-W, at least 2'.0'x1.7', sharply concentrated with a faintish halo and a very bright core that gradually increased to a stellar nucleus.

IC 1633 is the brightest cD galaxy at the core of AGC 2877, a member of the Phoenix Supercluster. Several nearby companions were easily seen in the field; a total of 17 galaxies were logged within 16' of IC 1633 using a 25" on 10/15/17 and the 30" on 10/18/17. Still, I certainly could have viewed more if I had spent additional time.

James Dunlop discovered IC 1633 = D 437 = Sw. 11-13 on 5 Aug 1826 and recorded (single observation) "an extremely faint small nebula; round, with a very minute bright point in the center." Dunlop's position is 6.6' SW of ESO 243-046, but this is a typical error and there no other brighter galaxies nearby. Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 29 Sep 1897, assumed it was new, and logged Sw. 11-13 as "vF; S; R; no B* near; vF one following." In his 4th list from Lowe Observatory, the declination was off by 2° too far north, but this error was corrected in his large Astronomische Nachrichten (AN) table.

DeLisle Stewart found it again on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa (Boyden) Station in 1899 (published in 1908). Stewart's position was accurate. Dreyer credited both Swift and Stewart with the discovery, but not Dunlop.

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IC 1634 = UGC 740 = MCG +03-04-008 = CGCG 459-014 = PGC 4232

01 11 02.9 +17 39 45; Psc

V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'

17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very weak concentration. Forms the north member of a similar double system with IC 1635 separation 40" between centers. The halos are almost in contact. A mag 14 star lies 50" W. These are the brightest galaxies in the core of rich cluster AGC 154 which lies at a redshift of z = 0.067 (billion light years!)

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1634 = J. 3-836, along with IC 1635, on 23 Dec 1897 and recorded "F, R, 20" to 25", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus, granular."

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IC 1635 = UGC 739 = MCG +03-04-009 = CGCG 459-013 = PGC 4231

01 11 03.5 +17 39 07; Psc

V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 148°

17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very weak concentration. Forms the south member of a similar double system with IC 1634 separation 40" between centers. The halos are almost in contact. A mag 14 star lies 1.1' NW. These are the brightest galaxies in the core of rich cluster AGC 154. The redshift-based distance (z = .061) is 900,000 - 1,000,000 light years!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1635 = J. 3-837, along with IC 1634, on 23 Dec 1897 and recorded "F, R, 20" to 25", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus, granular."

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IC 1636 = CGCG 501-125 = CGCG 502-001 = PGC 4280

01 11 37.5 +33 21 15; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 103°

24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, very small brighter core. Forms a pair with IC 1638 9' E. Located 15' NE of NGC 410 in a large group (USGC U045).

18" (10/16/09): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, high surface brightness. Located 15' NE of NGC 410 in a cluster. IC 1638 lies 9' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1636 = J. 3-838, along with IC 1638, on 17 Oct 1903 and recorded "F, S, 15" to 20", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus." CGCG incorrectly describes it as a double galaxy.

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IC 1637 = ESO 412-010 = AM 0108-304 = MCG -05-04-003 = PGC 4227

01 11 01.1 -30 26 19; Scl

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 90°

24" (11/7/18): at 200x; faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1' diameter, low surface brightness. Very weak central brightening. Located 14' SSE of NGC 418. The contrast was poor during the observation due to low elevation of the galaxy and the nearby skyglow on the horizon.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1637 = D.S. 144 on a plate taken in Arequipa in 1899. His published position is accurate.

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IC 1638 = MCG +05-03-082 = CGCG 501-129 = CGCG 502-005 = Ark 34 = PGC 4338

01 12 21.8 +33 21 52; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4

24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~30"x25", small brighter core, occasional faint stellar nucleus. A mag 8.5 star (SAO 54517) is 8' E. IC 1636 lies 9' W, with IC 1638 nearly at the midpoint. Located 22' NE of NGC 410 in a large group (USGC U045).

18" (10/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. Appears as a high surface brightness knot. IC 1636 lies 9' W. Located 8' W of a mag 8.5 star. Member of the NGC 410 group.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1638 = J. 3-839 on 19 Oct 1873. His notebook position was just 1' S of center, but for some reason he never measured an accurate position or publish the discovery. Stephane Javelle discovered it again, along with IC 1636, on 17 Oct 1903 (third list, #839) and recorded "F, R, 15" to 20", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus, stellar ncl 13m, granular."

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IC 1641 = ESO 051-22 = Kron 65 = Lindsay 87

01 09 24.5 -71 46 00; Tuc

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'

18" (7/11/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): very faint, small, 30" diameter, low surface brightness and no hint of resolution. Follows NGC 411 by 7' and forms the eastern vertex of an equilateral triangle with NGC 411 and a mag 8 star 6' SW. Observation made through thin haze.

18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this faint SMC cluster is located 7' following NGC 411. At 228x it appeared as just a very faint knot, less than 1' diameter with a low surface brightness and no resolution. Located 5.5' NE of mag 8.6 HD 7031.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1641 = D.S. 143 photographically on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He simply noted "eF, eS, R." IC 1641 has been misidentified as a very faint cluster (Hodge-Wright 62) just following NGC 422. But in 2014 Harold Corwin found that NGC 422 is a duplicate observation of NGC 411 (see notes on NGC 422), so IC 1641 should apply to the cluster formerly known as NGC 422. See Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 1642 = IC 1645 = MCG +02-04-008 = CGCG 436-009 = PGC 95507

01 12 27.3 +15 45 00; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (12/8/20): at 260x; between very faint and faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Member of galaxy cluster AGC 160. IC 1646 lies 4.7' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1642 = J. 3-842 on 29 Jan 1897. His position is about 1.2' NW of IC 1645, found by Javelle in November. But Corwin found that Javelle's offset star for IC 1642 had an erroneous cataloged position. Once corrected, his position matches IC 1645.

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IC 1644 = SMC-N81 = ESO 029-035 = Lindsay 481 = HD 7113

01 09 13.1 -73 11 37; Tuc

Size 0.8'

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): very bright, small, compact high surface brightness HII region, 20" diameter, good response to a NPB filter. Located 14' NE of IC 1626 and 20' WNW of NGC 456. Mag 10.6 HD 6932 lies 7.7' W and a mag 10.3 star is 9' ENE with IC 1644 on the line connecting these stars. Within Hodge Association 60.

IC 1644 = SMC-N81 is classified as a HEB -- high excitation blob. This object, along with N88A, are rare objects in the SMC exhibiting very high surface brightness, absolute magnitude and compactness. It harbors one or more hot, massive, young stars that ionizes the nebula.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1644 = HN 83 in 1901 on photographic spectrum plates taken at the Arequipa station. It was included in a table of "Objects having peculiar spectra in "Harvard Circular 60 and ApJ, 14, 144-146.

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IC 1645 = IC 1642 = MCG +02-04-008 = CGCG 436-009 = PGC 95507

01 12 27.3 +15 45 00; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (12/8/20): at 260x; between very faint and faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Member of galaxy cluster AGC 160 (distance ~520 million l.y.). IC 1646 lies 4.7' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1656 = J. 3-844, along with IC 1646, on 24 Nov 1897. IC 1642, found earlier by Javelle on 29 Jan 1897, is a duplicate observation. See that number.

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IC 1646 = MCG +02-04-009 = CGCG 436-010 = PGC 4357

01 12 43.8 +15 42 28; Psc

V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'

24" (12/8/20): at 260x; extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Only occasinally popped and fainter than IC 1645 4.7' NW. Member of AGC 160

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1646 = J. 3-845, along with IC 1645, on 24 Nov 1897.

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IC 1648 = CGCG 501-131 = CGCG 502-007 = PGC 4417

01 13 42.1 +33 13 06; Psc

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 132°

18" (10/16/09): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 5.4' NE and 9' NE of two mag 7.5-8 stars and 34' ENE of the NGC 410 quartet (NGC 407/408/410/414) in the same larger group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1648 = J. 3-847 on 7 Dec 1899 and noted "F, R, 15" to 20", mag 14 ncl, granular."

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IC 1651

01 13 27.6 +02 04 07; Cet

Size 0.6'

24" (1/1/19): at 375x; IC 1651 is a small trio of stars oriented N-S (shallow curve). The brightest is the middle star at mag 13.4. It's bracketed by 15.1 mag stars 14" N and 19" S. The trio is situated 8' due W of NGC 435 and was easily resolved.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1651 = Big. 368 on 25 Nov 1897. Harold Corwin translates his description as "Nebula 13.3-13.4 or 13.4, pretty stellar, difficult to see because of a star 13.1 situated at PA = 195 degrees, distance = 0.2 arcmin; now and then, it briefly seemed that the nebulosity surrounded this star 13.1, to which the measurements referred." His position corresponds with three stars in a short string - there is no nebulosity - though technically his description refers to the brightest star.

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IC 1653 = NGC 443 = UGC 796 = MCG +05-04-005 = CGCG 502-010 = PGC 4512

01 15 07.5 +33 22 38; Psc

V = 13.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3

17.5" (9/19/87): fairly faint, small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 20' NNW of NGC 447. Identified as IC 1653 in the UGC and CGCG.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1653 = J. 3-849 on 17 Oct 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches NGC 443 = UGC 796. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Heinrich d'Arrest with the 11-inch Fraunhofer refractor in Copenhagen but his position is 9' too far south. His description, though, of a nearby faint star confirms this identification. UGC, MCG (+05-04-005) and CGCG (502-010) use the unambiguous IC designation for this galaxy, instead of NGC 443.

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IC 1655 = ESO 051-23 = Lindsay 90

01 11 54.4 -71 19 48; Tuc

V = 14.0

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, soft round glow with an even surface brightness, 40" diameter. Hodge-Wright (HW) 64 lies 5.5' W. IC 1655 is located 19' NW of NGC 458.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1655 = D.S. 147 = D 59?? on a photographic plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He simply noted "eF, vS, close cl."

Glen Cozens has suggested that James Dunlop's D 59, recorded on 6 Sep 1826, is an earlier discovery of IC 1655. Dunlop noted "a very small faint nebula, about 10" diameter." His position (single observation) is 11' SE of the cluster. D 60, the next object in Dunlop's sweep, was placed 13' due E of NGC 458, fairly consistent with Cozens' identification. But based on my observation, I'm confident this cluster is much too faint to have been seen by Dunlop.

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IC 1656 = NGC 447 = UGC 804 = MCG +05-04-006 = CGCG 502-013 = PGC 4550

01 15 37.6 +33 04 04; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 2.2'x2.2'; Surf Br = 15.5

See observing notes for NGC 447.

E.E. Barnard found IC 1656 visually on 25 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted the "nebula is s.p. comparison star [mag 6 HD 7578] and close n.p. a small star. A 9 1/2m star is s.f. 3'+/- [should read n.f.], a 12m star is s.f. 1/4'." His offset in RA from the bright star (~40 seconds of time) matches NGC 447, though his declination is 1.4' too far north (similar offset as IC 1661 = NGC 451). He reported the discovery directly to Dreyer who recatalogued it as IC 1656. So, NGC 447 = IC 1656. In Barnard's notebook, he later added the comment "This is NGC 447. The star is wrongly located in NGC." See NGC 443 = IC 1653 and NGC 451 = IC 1661 for more duplicate IC entries.

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IC 1657 = IC 1663 = ESO 352-024 = MCG -06-03-030 = AM 0111-325 = PGC 4440

01 14 06.9 -32 39 03; Scl

V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 170°

48" (11/5/21): at 375x; very bright, large, very elongated ~7:1 N-S, nearly 2' in length, high surface brightness and brighter along the major axis, slightly brighter core. Two faint companions are 2' WNW and 2' NE.

PGC 4433: moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.3' diameter, small bright nucleus.

PGC 4448: fairly faint, very thin edge-on, ~0.8'x0.1', low surface brightness.

17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 ~N-S, 1.8'x0.5', brighter core. The ends appear to taper giving a narrow lens impression. Two nearby faint companions off the NW and NE side were not seen. This is a Seyfert galaxy.

17.5" (11/6/93): fairly faint, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, 1.6'x0.4', nearly edge-on appearance, weak concentration.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1657 = Sw. 11-14 on 4 Sep 1897 and logged "eeF; S; eeE; a ray; no star nr." His position is 19 seconds of time too large (4 arc minutes), but his description clinches the identification. He discovered it again less than two months later on 30 Oct 1897 and assumed it was new, describing Sw. 11-15 (later IC 1663) as "eeF, vE 350°; 5 sts sf have distant companions." His second position is very poor (2 min of time too large and 2° too far north), but his description matches the field and Harold Corwin equates IC 1657 = IC 1663. See his identification notes.

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IC 1658 = NGC 444 = UGC 810 = MCG +05-04-007 = CGCG 502-015 = PGC 4561

01 15 49.6 +31 04 50; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 1.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 157°

See observing notes for NGC 444.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1658 = J. 3-851 on 17 Oct 1903. His position matches NGC 444 = UGC 810 = PGC 4561. This galaxy was discovered earlier by R.J. Mitchell, LdR's assistant, on 26 Oct 1854 but the NGC position is 28 seconds of RA too small. The identification is secure based on Mitchell's description and sketch. So, IC 1658 = NGC 444, with discovery priority to Mitchell.

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IC 1660 = ESO 051-024 = Lindsay 89

01 12 38.4 -71 45 41; Tuc

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. A single brighter star is resolved along with a couple of extremely faint stars. Several mag 12.5-13.5 stars are within 5', mostly on the south side. IC 1660 is located 8' SSW of mag 9.8 HD 7519, 17' SW of cluster NGC 458 and 22' due east of cluster NGC 411.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1660 = D.S. 148 on a photographic plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, stellar nucleus involved in nebula or a very faint star." His position is accurate. For some reason, this object is included in Sky & Telescope's "Pocket Sky Atlas", although it is much fainter than other unplotted objects. It was described as "probably globular" in the 1935 Harvard Observatory Bulletin 899 based on Bruce plates at Arequipa.

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IC 1661 = NGC 451 = MCG +05-04-011 = CGCG 502-019 = Mrk 976 = PGC 4594

01 16 12.4 +33 03 51; Psc

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5

See observing notes for NGC 451.

E.E. Barnard found IC 1661 on 25 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted it was 6 seconds of time preceding his comparison star (mag 6 HD 7578) and called it "vvF, S, R." He sent the discovery directly to Dreyer though his declination was 1.2' too far north (similar error with IC 1656 = NGC 447). Barnard later wrote in pen in his notebook that "This is NGC 451" [discovered by Édouard Stephan on 10 Nov 1881]. So IC 1661 = NGC 451.

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IC 1662 = ESO 029-037 = Lindsay 92

01 12 33.4 -73 27 25; Tuc

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 36"x24", brighter core. There was no resolution except for a single star on the west side. IC 1662 is located 3.7' WNW of a mag 10.9 star and 11' SW of the bright emission nebula NGC 456, which is the first of three striking clusters and nebulae with 460 and 465. Lindsay 93, a fainter cluster, lies 1.5' SE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1662 = D.S. 149 on a photographic plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He noted "vF, eS, neb or vS group of stars." His position is accurate.

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IC 1663 = IC 1657 = ESO 352-024 = MCG -06-03-030 = PGC 4440

01 14 06.9 -32 39 03; Scl

V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 170°

See observing notes for IC 1657.

Lewis Swift found IC 1663 = Sw. 11-15 on 30 Oct 1897 and reported it as "eeF, vE 350°; 5 sts sf have distant companions." There is nothing near his position, but Corwin found a match with IC 1657, which is 2° south and 2 minutes of time west from his large 11th list in AN. His description fits the galaxy and field perfectly. In Swift's earlier 5th discovery list at Lowe (puslished in AJ), the declination differs by 30', but was still 1.5° too far north. These types of errors were common in Swift's last year in southern California.

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IC 1667 = MCG -03-04-039 = PGC 4694

01 18 42.3 -17 03 01; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 69°

18" (12/17/11): extremely faint, small, round, 20"-24" diameter, very low surface brightness. Required averted vision to glimpse a few times, but confirmed. The IC identification is uncertain due to a poor position by Swift.

18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter. Appears as a very low surface brightness hazy spot without concentration. Only visible intermittently with averted vision. Located 4.8' W of brighter IC 93. The B magnitude of 14.5 appears too bright (LEDA gives 15.3).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1667 = Sw. 11-16 on 6 Oct 1896 and reported "eF, pS, R, no * near, 8m * in field nf". There is nothing near his position. MCG suggests MCG -03-4-039 = IC 1667. This galaxy is 1 min of time east and 3.5' north of Swift's position, though there is a mag 8.4 star 11' ENE that would have been in Swift's field. So, despite the poor position (more common in his later years) and no mention of IC 93 = IC 1671, which he "discovered" twice and lies only 5' ESE, MCG -03-4-039 is a reasonable candidate.

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IC 1670 = VV 779 = MCG -03-04-040 = MCG -03-04-041 = PGC 4707 = PGC 4711

01 18 50.8 -16 48 10; Cet

18" (11/13/07): IC 1670 consists of a contact pair of spiral galaxies. The brighter galaxy (IC 1670B) on the east side appeared fairly faint, fairly small. At first glance I noticed a fairly high surface brightness knot ~20" in diameter but with careful viewing, faint extensions were seen oriented E-W, increasing the size to ~0.9'x0.3'. The initial knot I noticed is the sharply concentrated core of the galaxy. At the west edge is an attached companion, IC 1670A, just 1' between centers. IC 1670A appeared very faint, very small, round, just 0.2' diameter. Apparently I only viewed the core of this edge-on galaxy. Located ~3' SW of a mag 11 star. IC 93 lies 15' SSE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1670 = Sw. 11-17 on 18 Dec 1895 and recorded "vF; pS; lE; wide D * near nf; f[ollowing] of 2 [with IC 1671]." There is nothing at his position, but 6' northwest is this double system. His comment "f of 2" should read "preceding of 2", which is consistent with his RA order.

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IC 1671 = IC 93 = MCG -03-04-043 = PGC 4724

01 19 02.3 -17 03 37; Cet

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 170°

18" (12/18/06): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 0.75'x0.3', weak concentration, slightly asymmetric appearance at the ends. IC 1667 lies 4.8' W. Located 11' W of mag 8.5 HD 8061.

Lewis Swift found IC 1671 = Sw. 11-18 on 18 Dec 1895 and recorded it as "eeF; vS; R; p 7m * nf 47 s; p of 2." There is nothing at his position, but IC 93 is 30 seconds of RA west and 2.3' N. Furthermore, a mag 8.4 star is 47 seconds of RA following, so the equivalence is certain. His comment "p[receding] of 2" should read "f[ollowing] of 2", consistent with his RA order.

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IC 1672 = UGC 872 = MCG +05-04-024 = CGCG 502-036 = PGC 4848

01 20 38.2 +29 41 56; Psc

V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 139°

24" (10/1/16): moderately bright and large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, ~45"x30",well concentrated with a small bright core. A mag 14.3 star is 50" ENE. There was an impression of brighter regions to the northwest and southeast of the core. Perhaps these are portions of arms or an inner ring. Forms a pair with CGCG 502-035 (often identified as IC 96) 5' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1672 = J. 3-857 on 6 Dec 1899. His micrometric position matches UGC 872. This galaxy was probably discovered earlier by Truman Safford on 1 Dec 1866 and reported as Sf. 69 (later IC 96) in the 1887 Dearborn Observatory discovery list. Safford's position is poor and is equal distance from CGCG 502-035 and IC 1672. See 96 for more.

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IC 1673 = CGCG 502-038 = PGC 4855

01 20 46.3 +33 02 42; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (10/4/13): fairly faint, small, round 18" diameter, contains a bright core and very small halo. Located 6' NE of a mag 9.8 star. CGCG 502-044 lies 7' NE. Situated on the SW side of the NGC 507 Group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1673 = J. 3-858 on 17 Nov 1903 and noted "F, R, mag 13 stellar ncl."

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IC 1677 = MCG +05-04-025 = CGCG 502-042 = VV 600 = PGC 4891

01 21 07.1 +33 12 58; Psc

V = 15.2; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 129°

24" (10/4/13): extremely faint, small, round, 18" diameter, very low surface brightness with no core. CGCG 502-043 lies 10' N and IC 1680 is 10' NE. Member of the NGC 507 Group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1677 = J. 3-860 on 30 Nov 1899 and recorded "F, R, 30" to 40", mag 14 core."

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IC 1679 = MCG +05-04-027 = CGCG 502-048 = WBL 038-002 = PGC 4944

01 21 44.6 +33 29 37; Psc

V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 50°

24" (10/4/13): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 20"x14". Located 2.9' SW of NGC 483 in the NGC 507 Group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1679 = J. 3-862 on 2 Dec 1899 and logged "F, S, irr form, diffuse, weakly condensed."

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IC 1680 = MCG +05-04-028 = CGCG 502-049 = WBL 038-003 = PGC 4956

01 21 51.2 +33 16 57; Psc

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 103°

24" (10/4/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 15"-18" diameter. Situated 1.5' N of a mag 9.8 star and 4' NW of mag 8.8 HD 8216. IC 1682 lies 4.8' ESE. Member of the NGC 507 Group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1680 = J. 3-863, along with IC 1682, on 29 Nov 1899 and noted "F, vS, 10" to 15", stellar nucl, mag 13.5 core, nebulous character certain."

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IC 1682 = UGC 912 = MCG +05-04-032 = CGCG 502-053 = WBL 038-005 = PGC 4983

01 22 13.3 +33 15 37; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 0.9''x0.4'; PA = 120°

24" (10/4/13): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 24"x16", weak concentration. Located 2.1' NE of mag 8.8 HD 8216. IC 1680 lies 4.8' WNW. Member of the NGC 507 Group and 18' due W of this galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1682 = J. 865, along with IC 1680, on 29 Nov 1899. His declination is 2' too far south (correctly copied into the IC), but Harold Corwin found that Javelle applied the wrong sign to his north polar distance from his offset star. Once corrected, his position is excellent.

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IC 1683 = UGC 916 = MCG +06-04-008 = Mrk 987 = LGG 026-008 = PGC 5008

01 22 39.0 +34 26 13; And

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 173°

24" (12/8/20): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~40"x24", broad concentration, no nucleus. A mag 14.5-15 star is off the SW end, 0.8' from center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1683 = J. 1-866 on 29 Nov 1899. He called it "faint, elliptical, 25"x15", elongated in the meridian (N-S), mottled, gradually condensed.

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IC 1685 = LEDA 169771

01 23 06.6 +33 11 22; Psc

V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'

24" (10/4/13): very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. This member of the NGC 507 Group is situated just 2.5' NE of NGC 494 and 4.6' WSW of NGC 504.

17.5" (10/4/97): this very difficult object is located 2.5' NE of NGC 494 in a cluster. Just glimpsed with averted vision at 280x and appeared as a 10" fleeting spot with no concentration. A mag 14.5 star lies 45" SSE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1685 = J. 3-868, along with IC 1687, on 1 Dec 1899 and reported "F, R, 20" to 25", diffuse, weakly condensed." The identification is not in doubt, though the galaxy wasn't catalogued in RC3, CGCG, PGC or MCG. Megastar software shows it as anonymous.

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IC 1686 = NGC 499 = UGC 926 = MCG +05-04-038 = CGCG 502-059 = LGG 024-002 = PGC 5060

01 23 11.5 +33 27 37; Psc

V = 12.2; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 82°

See observing notes for NGC 499.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1686 = J. 3-869 on 1 Dec 1899 with the Nice Observatory 30" refractor. His position is 1.7' S of NGC 499 (matches in RA) but this is a similar offset that he gave for IC 1684 and IC 1692. This makes the equivalence NGC 499 = IC 1686 pretty certain, although Javelle claims he also measured NGC 499 so there is still some doubt on the equivalence. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 12 Sep 1784.

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IC 1687 = MCG +05-04-039 = CGCG 502-061 = WBL 038-011 = PGC 5074

01 23 19.2 +33 16 40; Psc

V = 13.6; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 5°

24" (10/4/13): fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 7.6 HD 8347 and 4.5' WNW of NGC 507, the brightest member of the large group. A mag 13.8 star is just 30" W.

17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Required averted vision to view. Located just 1.6' SE of mag 7.5 SAO 54647 within the NGC 507 Group. A mag 14 star lies 30" preceding.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1687 = J. 3-870, along with IC 1685, on 1 Dec 1899 and noted "faint, round, 15", central core mag 14." He worked his way through the NGC 507 cluster very thoroughly over several nights, picking up a number of faint galaxies.

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IC 1689 = MCG +05-04-046 = CGCG 502-070 = WBL 038-017= PGC 5108

01 23 47.9 +33 03 19; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 16°

24" (12/8/20): faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is close W [0.6' from center]. Member of the NGC 507 group (WBL 038).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1689 = J. 3-872 on 29 Nov 1899. His description reads "faint, almost round, about 15", gradually condensed, close to a star 14th mag."

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IC 1690 = CGCG 502-071 = WBL 038-018 = LGG 026-030 = PGC 5110

01 23 49.6 +33 09 23; Psc

V = 13.9; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 130°

17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 20"x10". Extended in the direction of a mag 12 star 1.5' SE. Member of the NGC 507 Group and located 6.4' SSE of NGC 507.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1690 = J. 3-873 on 30 Nov 1899 and noted "faint, very small, round, 10" to 15", stellar ncl, mag 13.4 core. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1691 = LEDA 169777

01 24 25.8 +33 24 25; Psc

V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 123°

24" (10/4/13): extremely to very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 4.0' WSW of NGC 517 and 4.8' SW of NGC 515 on the eastern side of the NGC 507 Group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1691 = J. 3-874 on 2 Dec 1899 and recorded "pF, nearly round, 20", no concentration." His position is 2' too far south, which appears to be caused by a error in declination offset from his comparison star (same problem with IC 1684).

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IC 1693 = I Zw 6 = ZH 32 = PGC 73940

01 24 02.4 -01 39 26; Cet

V = 15.3; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 162°

17.5" (9/19/87): extremely faint and small, round. Forms a very close pair with a close double star, whose components are both mag 15. Located 2.0' SE of CGCG 385-099. Member of AGC 194.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1693 = Ho III-2 on 1 Jan 1900 and recorded "eF, vS, possibly only a faint star." His micrometric position matches PGC 73940, though Harold Corwin remarks that "This pair of objects [a faint star is superimposed] has also been confused with the middle (brightest) galaxy in the line, CGCG 385-099." HyperLeda does not equate PGC 73940 with IC 1693 (as of Sept '15).

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IC 1695 = UGC 977 = MCG +01-04-055 = CGCG 411-054 = Shkh 40-1 = PGC 5245

01 25 07.7 +08 41 57; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1

48" (11/8/15): at 488x; bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, small very bright core. A mag 15 star is embedded in the halo, just 10" NE of center. A mag 13.5 star is 40" NW.

IC 1695 is the brightest member of Shakhbazian 40, which corresponds with the central region of AGC 193. Nine additional galaxies ranging from V = 15.0 to V = 17.0 were visible in the 488x field: Shkh 40-14, 40-23, 40-29, 40-39, 40-43, 40-44, 40-56, 40-57, UGC 967.

18" (12/3/05): I forgot about my observation of IC 1695 two months ago and assumed it was part of the NGC 524 group. But with a redshift of z = .048 compared to .008, this galaxy lies six times further away in the heart of AGC 193 and Shk 40! At 225x it appeared faint to fairly faint, small, irregular round, slightly brighter core. The core or a stellar knot seemed offset to one side (double galaxy). A mag 12 star is less than 1' NW. This description is quite similar to the one two months back.

18" (10/8/05): The brightest member of AGC 193 and Shakhbazian 40 appeared faint, small, irregularly round. Situated just 43" SE of a mag 13 star. In moments of better seeing this galaxy appeared double with an extremely faint knot or extension to the northeast of the core of the main galaxy. The next day I checked the DSS and this observation matches the image! This distant cluster has a redshift of z = .048 which corresponds to a distance of over 700 million light years. The only other member seen was UGC 967, located 7.5' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1695 = Sw. 11-19 on 26 Nov 1897 and recorded "eF; pS; R; 10m * att p; * with distant companion sf, another np." His position is 3' too far northwest, but other nearby galaxies are much fainter. A 12th magnitude star is ~45" northwest; I assume this is the "10m * attached preceding." and another mag 12 star 3.7' south-following (with "distant companion" 1.6' to its south).

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IC 1696 = UGC 973 = ZH 24 = MCG +00-04-122 = PGC 5231

01 24 52.3 -01 37 02; Cet

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 10°

24" (11/7/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, high surface brightness, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 14.4 star is off the NW edge. Located 3.3' SE of NGC 530.

17.5" (9/19/87): faint, very small, irregularly round, small bright core. A mag 14 star is 34" NW of center. Located 3' SE of NGC 530 in AGC 194.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1696 = Ho III-3 on 19 Jan 1900 at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver and recorded "eF, eS; [NGC] 530 is n.p." His position is accurate.

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IC 1698 = UGC 983 = MCG +02-04-040 = CGCG 436-045 = IC 1699? = PGC 5261

01 25 22.1 +14 50 19; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 117°

24" (12/1/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.3', small bright core. IC 107 = IC 1700 lies 1.6' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1698 = J. 3-877 on 18 Jan 1896 and recorded "pB, irr form, 30" diameter, core of mag 14." His position is accurate. Harold Corwin suggests IC 1699 is probably a later duplicate observation with a typo in declination. See his IC identifications.

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IC 1699 = IC 1698 = UGC 983 = MCG +02-04-040 = CGCG 436-045 = PGC 5261

01 25 22.1 +14 50 19; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 117°

See observing notes for IC 1698.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1699 = J. 3-878 on 26 Dec 1897. There is nothing at his offset position, but Harold Corwin suggests that if Javelle made a 5' error in North Polar Distance, then IC 1699 is probably a duplicate of IC 1698.

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IC 1700 = IC 107 = UGC 986 = MCG +02-04-041 = CGCG 436-047 = PGC 5271

01 25 24.7 +14 51 53; Psc

V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 6°

See identification notes for IC 107

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IC 1702 = UGC 1005 = MCG +03-04-036 = CGCG 459-051 = PGC 5321

01 25 56.3 +16 36 06; Psc

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 172°

24" (9/8/18): faint to fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S, 50"x40", very diffuse. A mag 13 star is close off the north edge [45" from center].

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1702 = Sw. 11-20 on 12 Oct 1896 and reported "eeeF; pS; lE; bet 2 st in meridian; wide D * nf; ee diff." His position is only 5 seconds of RA too far west and the description matches the field perfectly.

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IC 1703 = NGC 557 = UGC 1016 = MCG +00-04-144 = PGC 5351

01 26 25.1 -01 38 20; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 45°

17.5" (1/1/92): faint, small, round, broad concentration, halo gradually fades into background. Located 4.5' WNW of mag 8.7 SAO 129302 and 20' SE of the core of AGC 194.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1703 = Big. 369 on 27 Oct 1897 while searching for NGC 557. He couldn't find this object at Swift's position, which was 46 seconds of RA too large, so assumed it was new. As a result, NGC 557 = IC 1703, with NGC 557 the primary designation. UGC and CGCG label the galaxy as IC 1703 but RC3 identifies it as NGC 557.

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IC 1704 = UGC 1027 = MCG +02-04-052 = CGCG 436-054 = PGC 5411

01 27 09.5 +14 46 35; Psc

V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 163°

24" (12/1/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, ~42"x28", irregular surface brightness, increases to an elongated core. There was a strong impression of structure due to mottling in the halo. A mag 10.7 star lies 3' ENE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1704 = J. 3-881, along with IC 1698, 1700 and 1706, on 18 Jan 1896. He described this nebula as "pB, 40" to 50" diameter, diffuse, irr form, weak and gradual concentration." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson note that Javelle misidentified his reference star for IC 1704 and 1706. Once his offsets are applied to the correct star, there is an exact match.

Malcolm Thomson notes the CGCG, UGC and MCG all misidentify IC 1704 as IC 1706 (this is pointed out in the PGC), while having no listing for the correct IC 1706. RC3, PGC, HyperLeda, NED and Corwin's lists have the correct identities and coordinates.

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IC 1709 = NGC 568 = ESO 353-003 = MCG -06-04-037 = PGC 5468

01 27 57.0 -35 43 04; Scl

V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 137°

See observing notes for NGC 568.

Lewis Swift found IC 1709 = Sw. 11-21 on 4 Sep 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS R; v diff." His position is 10 seconds of RA east and 2.8' south of NGC 568 = PGC 5468. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 29 Nov 1837. The ESO, PGC and Deep Sky Field Guide (first edition) misidentify ESO 353-004, a much fainter galaxy 4.3' NE, as IC 1709. As Swift makes no mention of NGC 568 in his description, it is much more likely he picked up this brighter galaxy. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 1710 = NGC 575 = UGC 1081 = MCG +03-04-051 = CGCG 459-072 = PGC 5634

01 30 46.7 +21 26 25; Psc

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.7

17.5" (11/30/91): faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, low almost even surface brightness, broad mild concentration, edges fade into background.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1710 = J. 3-888 on 18 Jan 1896. His position matches UGC 1081 = PGC 5634. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Stephan on 17 Oct 1876, but due to a transcription error by Dreyer, its NGC position is two degrees too far north. So, NGC 575 = IC 1710. CGCG, UGC and MCG use the IC designation based on position, although NGC 575 should apply based on historical discovery. Karl Reinmuth, in his 1926 survey based on Heidelberg plates, noted the equivalence of NGC 575 with IC 1710. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 1712 = NGC 584 = MCG -01-04-060 = Holm 45b = LGG 027-001 = PGC 5663

01 31 20.7 -06 52 06; Cet

V = 10.5; Size 4.2'x2.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 55°

See observing notes for NGC 584.

E.E. Barnard found IC 1712 on 10 Dec 1888 while observing his comet discovery C/1888 RI with the comet nearly occulting the galaxy! He wrote in his notebook, "The comet's nucleus passed some 30" N of the nucleus of the nebula. The comet is probably 5 times as bright as the nebula and is a great many times larger." The discovery was reported directly to Dreyer, who catalogued it again as IC 1712, though Barnard's position is nearly identical to NGC 584. Barnard later added the comment “NGC 584” in his notebook, obviously after getting around to checking the NGC, so he was aware of the equivalence but perhaps never passed this information along to Dreyer.

Based on a photograph taken between 1914-16 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt, IC 1712 was misidentified as LEDA 1028168 in the 1921 observatory bulletin. This galaxy is located 7' WNW of NGC 578 and too faint to have been picked up by Barnard with the 12-inch.

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IC 1714 = NGC 594 = MCG -03-05-005 = PGC 5769

01 32 57.0 -16 32 08; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 32°

See observing notes for NGC 594.

Lewis Swift found IC 1714 = Sw. 12-7 on 20 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF, R, S, lE, 8m * n, e dif[ficult]." There is nothing near his position (01 32 54 -13 30.0, for 2000) or even searching east or west several degrees. But Harold Corwin suggests Swift may have made a 3 degree error in declination and IC 1714 = NGC 594. This galaxy has a mag 9 star 9' N, which is consistent with Swift's description. Considering his errors and poor positions near the end of his observing career, this identification is reasonable.

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IC 1719 = ESO 353-027 = MCG -06-04-059 = PGC 6020

01 37 35.9 -33 55 27; Scl

V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 174°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, very small bright core. A mag 14.5 star is off the NE side [1.1' NE of center]. Located 30' SW of mag 6.5 HD 10216.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1719 = Sw. 11-22 on 4 Sep 1897 and reported "vF; S; R; eF * near n[orth]-f[ollowing]." The IC description calls the nearby star "cF" or "considerably faint", probably from one of his earlier lists. His position is 3.8' S too far south and this galaxy has a mag 10 star 7' NE, perhaps the mentioned star.

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IC 1720 = ESO 413-019 = MCG -05-05-008 = PGC 6180

01 40 21.6 -28 54 46; Scl

V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 164°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; moderately bright, slightly elongated, 45"x35" NNW-SSE, broad concentration with a slightly brighter core region, no nucleus. Two mag 14.5 stars are less than 2' S. Located 15.7' NE of mag 7.4 HD 10209.

ESO 413-016, situated 14' NNW, appeared fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 50"x15", even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is 1' E.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1720 = Sw. 11-23 on 30 Oct 1897 and reported "eeF; extremely small; R; B * in margin of field p]receding]." The bright star is mag 7.4 HD 10209.

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IC 1727 = VV 338a = Holm 46b = UGC 1249 = MCG +04-05-009 = KTG 8A = PGC 6574

01 47 30.0 +27 19 59; Tri

V = 11.5; Size 6.9'x3.1'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 150°

24" (12/28/13): fairly faint, very large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low surface brightness, ~2.5'x0.8' though the outer halo fades into the background gradually so the dimensions are difficult to estimate. Contains a slightly brighter "bar" that is extended 4:1 or 5:1 NW-SE, ~45"x10". The halo is more extensive NW of this bar, so the appearance is asymmetric. NGC 672 lies 8' NE.

17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE. Very low surface brightness with no distinct edges or core. Located 8' SW of NGC 672.

13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, moderately large, diffuse, ill-defined, elongated NNW-SSE, no central condensation. Forms a pair with NGC 672 8' NE.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 1727 photographically on 29 Nov 1896 with his 20" reflector from his Starfield Observatory in England. He reported (AN 3429) "It is nearly as large as NGC 672 and distant from centre to centre 8' only; nucleus consists of 6 faint stellar condensations forming a straight line in the direction south following to north preceding and there are 6 or 7 very faint condensations of nebulosity near the preceding margin; 15th mag star on the north preceding margin and a 16th mag star at the south following end of the nucleus." Roberts was very amazed that this galaxy was missed by William and John Herschel and by the assistants at Birr Castle (7 observations of NGC 672) and he felt this object must have "come into the state of visibility during the past half century."

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IC 1729 = ESO 477-004 = MCG -05-05-014 = PGC 6598

01 47 55.2 -26 53 32; For

V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°

18" (12/17/11): at 285x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20". Sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus. ESO 477-008 lies 24' SE.

18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', gradually increases to center. This galaxy appears to have a high surface brightness as if I was viewing the core region only (verified on the DSS). Located 9' SSE of mag 8.9 HD 11020 near the corner where Cetus, Fornax and Sculptor meet.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1729 = Sw. 11-24 on 8 Oct 1896 and noted "pB; eeS; almost stellar; in vacancy." Using the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver, Howe measured an accurate position and noted, "this looks resolvable, and is equivalent in brightness to a star of mag 10-11. It is very small."

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IC 1730 = MCG +04-05-015a = CGCG 482-020 = PGC 6732

01 49 57.9 +22 00 44; Ari

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 64°

18" (11/22/03): very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. Located 3.5' NE of NGC 680 and 1' SSE of a mag 12 star. Member of the NGC 697 group (also called the NGC 691 group).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1730 = J. 3-891 on 17 Jan 1896 and noted "F, nearly round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed." His position is 2' too far north, which Malcolm Thomson notes is due to an error in the position of his BD reference star.

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IC 1731 = UGC 1291 = MCG +04-05-018 = CGCG 482-021 = PGC 6756

01 50 12.4 +27 11 46; Tri

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 140°

17.5" (12/11/99): very faint, fairly small. Appears as a low surface brightness glow elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE. IC 1731 is located 34' SE of NGC 672 and 5' N of Collinder (Cr) 21.

Cr 21, immediately to the south of IC 1731, is a distinctive 5' group of 10 brighter mag 8.5-12 stars, including ∑172, a mag 10 pair at 18" separation. The brighter stars form a rough semicircle open to the east with five fainter stars bringing the total to ~15. Visually, the collection appears similar to an asterism and Skiff reports that based on the color-magnitude diagram and proper motions, these stars are apparently unrelated.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 1731 photographically on 29 Nov 1896 with his 20" reflector from his Starfield Observatory in England. He described it (AN 3429) as "Faint; elongated south following to north preceding; faint stellar nucleus; probably a spiral; cluster of stars 9 to 15 mag on the south side 13" following the nucleus."

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IC 1732 = UGC 1307 = MCG +06-05-016 = CGCG 522-021 = PGC 6805

01 50 47.9 +35 55 57; And

V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 62°

17.5" (10/17/87): faint, fairly small, edge-on WSW-ENE. A mag 15 star is at the NE edge 18" from the center. Located 5.3' N of mag 7.3 SAO 55026 in AGC 262.

13.1" (10/20/84): very faint, small, elongated WSW-ENE. One or two extremely faint stars possibly involved. Located between two stars mag 7 and 8.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1732 = Big. 248 on 17 Nov 1881. His unreduced position was 4' too far west, nearly identical to offsets of 12 other galaxies that he viewed in the same general area. Stephan didn't publish the discovery, so didn't receive credit in the NGC.

Bigourdan rediscovered IC 1732 ten years later on 6 Nov 1891. He described Big. 248 as 40" to 50" in diameter with a condensation of 12".

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IC 1733 = UGC 13101 = MCG +05-05-016 = CGCG 503-032 = PGC 6796

01 50 42.9 +33 04 56; Tri

V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 50°

24" (9/15/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7'x0.6', bright core. Forms a close pair with IC 1735 1.9' ENE. Brightest member of AGC 260 (8 members viewed). A mag 10.8 star 2' N forms an equilateral triangle with IC 1733 and 1735.

17.5" (10/5/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.7, weak concentration. Located 2.0' S of mag 10.8 SAO 55024. This galaxy is the brightest in the galaxy cluster AGC 260. Forms a pair with IC 1735 1.9' ENE (not seen).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1733 = J. 3-892, along with IC 1735, on 13 Nov 1903 and noted "F, nearly round, 15" to 20", granular."

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IC 1734 = ESO 353-048 = MCG -06-05-003 = PGC 6679

01 49 17.1 -32 44 33; For

V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.3'

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, roundish, low surface brightness, 30" diameter. The contrast was fairly poor at a low elevation and at the edge of the light dome just east.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1734 = Sw. 11-25 on 17 Nov 1897 and logged "eeF; pS; R; 2 faint st p[receding] point to it." Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. It was described as "F, S, E at 100°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 1735 = MCG +05-05-018 = PGC 6803

01 50 51.7 +33 05 32; Tri

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 168°

24" (9/15/12): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 24"x18". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 1733 1.9' WSW. Located 2' SE of a mag 10.8 star on the west side of AGC 260.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1735 = J. 3-893, along with IC 1733, on 13 Nov 1903 and noted "a little fainter than the preceding [IC 1733], 15" to 20", granular."

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IC 1738 = MCG -02-05-061 = LGG 033-004 = PGC 6832

01 51 07.9 -09 47 31; Cet

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 80°

13.1" (12/22/84): faint, small, round. Forms a pair with NGC 701 5.4' N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1738 = Sw. 11-26 on 8 Dec 1895 and noted "eeF; vS; GC 418 [NGC 701] p." His RA is 37 seconds too large and dec is 3' too far south, but this is the only candidate near NGC 701. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1899-00 at Denver, so the IC position is very good.

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IC 1743 = NGC 716 = UGC 1351 = MCG +02-05-054 = CGCG 437-049 = PGC 6982

01 52 59.7 +12 42 30; Ari

V = 12.9; Size 1.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 57°

17.5" (12/4/93): fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 1.5'x0.7', broad weak concentration but no nucleus. Located 8' WNW of mag 7.5 SAO 92682. Identified as IC 1743 in UGC, MCG and CGCG.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1743 = Big. 250 on 1 Jan 1892. He noted "Could be NGC 716, which could not be found, but with a 20' error in declination." His position corresponds with UGC 1351. He was correct in assuming this object was NGC 716, though Swift's error was actually 40' in declination (too far south). UGC, MCG and CGCG label this galaxy IC 1743 because of the positional match, although the earlier discovery by Swift suggests NGC 716 should be the primary designation.

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IC 1744 = NGC 719 = UGC 1360 = MCG +03-05-026 = PGC 7019

01 53 38.8 +19 50 26; Ari

V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 150°

See observing notes for NGC 719.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1744 = J. 3-896 on 18 Jan 1896 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches NGC 719 = UGC 1360. Heinrich d'Arrest discovered this galaxy on 24 Nov 1861 but his single position is 13 sec of RA too large and Dreyer assumed J. 3-896 was new. MCG labels this galaxy IC 1744 and UGC correctly equates NGC 719 = IC 1744.

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IC 1747 = PK 130+1.1 = PN G130.2+01.3

01 57 35.8 +63 19 19; Cas

V = 12.0; Size 13"

48" (10/27/16): at 610x; very bright, small, round, aqua (blue-green) color, 12" diameter. The planetary is annular (though not a high contrast) with a darker center. The rim is unevenly lit, slightly mottled, and brighter along the entire eastern side.

48" (10/23/11): at 375x appeared as a very bright, small, bluish planetary with an irregularly brighter rim, slightly fainter on the west side of the rim. At 488x, this is a very interesting annular planetary with a dark center and a relatively thick brighter rim that appears clumpy. The rim dims, though, on the west side, so the annularity is incomplete. Overall the impression is a thick crescent spanning 270°.

18" (11/17/08): immediately picked up at 175x as a small bluish disc, ~12" diameter. Situated within a distinctive 20' curving chain of stars that passes through much of the field. Very good contrast gain using an OIII filter. At 450x, the planetary is slightly elongated WNW-ESE, ~15"x12", and weakly annular. At 800x it appeared irregularly brighter along the rim with a knotty structure, particularly along the northern half. Located 30' SE of mag 3.4 Epsilon Cas.

13.1" (12/7/85): at 166x without a filter appeared moderately bright, very small, round, about 12" diameter. Takes 360x but no structure is visible. Surrounded by three mag 13 stars 0.8' N, 1.0' SW and 1.3' E of center. Three collinear mag 11 stars oriented SSW-NNE begin 3' NE. Located just 30' SE of mag 3.3 Epsilon Cas.

8": just non-stellar at 125x. Definite disk at 220x and possibly slightly elongated NW-SE. Three mag 11 stars on a line are to the NE.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1747 = HN 103 in 1905 at Harvard College Observatory while classifying stars by examining photographic objective-prism spectra. A note in the 1905 Harvard College Observatory Circular No. 98 ("Stars Having Peculiar Spectra") reads "assumed to be the following and southern of two faint and difficult objects, which also appears somewhat hazy. The spectrum consists of a bright band having wavelength of about 5000. Therefore, this object has been assumed to be a gaseous nebula."

Based on Crossley photographs, Heber Curtis (1918) described, "central star about mag 14. Nearly round disk 13" in diameter, with an indistinct ring effect, strongest in the north and south and fading out along an axis in pa 90° [E-W]."

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IC 1750 = UGC 1412 = CGCG 413-007 = PGC 7266

01 56 18.6 +04 04 34; Psc

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 64°

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 SW-NE, 30"x10", low even surface brightness. A mag 15.4 star is 0.8' SSW. IC 1754 lies 8.4' ESE and IC 174 is 19' S (same redshifts).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1750 = J. 3-899, along with IC 1754, on 21 Dec 1903. His position matches.

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IC 1751 = NGC 741 = VV 175a = UGC 1413 = MCG +01-06-003 = CGCG 413-008 = III Zw 38a = WBL 061-004 = PGC 7252

01 56 21.0 +05 37 44; Psc

V = 11.1; Size 3.0'x2.9'; Surf Br = 13.5

See observing notes for NGC 741.

Lewis Swift found IC 1751 = Sw. 11-28 on 26 Nov 1897 and reported, "pF; pS; R; 9m * near np." His position is 6' northwest of NGC 741 and Dreyer assumed it was new. Herbert Howe corrected Swift's position though didn't make the connection with NGC 741. CGCG misidentifies CGCG 413-006 as IC 1751. See Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 1753 = MCG +05-05-033 = CGCG 503-061 = Ark 68 = V Zw 149 = VI Zw 122 = PGC 7353

01 57 19.3 +28 35 21; Tri

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (11/21/19): at 322x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, compact with a well defined 20" halo, moderately high surface brightness, slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is 30" SW and a slightly brighter mag 15.0 star 45" NW. Located 10' NW of mag 7.1 HD 11962.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1753 = J. 3-901 on 17 Nov 1903.

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IC 1754 = UGC 1424 = CGCG 413-011 = PGC 7307

01 56 49.9 +04 01 32.2; Psc

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x1.0'

24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.3' diameter, moderate surface brightness, small bright core. Two mag 14 and 14.5 stars are 1' WNW and 2' W. IC 1750 lies 8.4' WNW and IC 174 is 18' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1754 = J. 3-902, along with IC 1750, on 21 Dec 1903. His position matches.

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IC 1756 = UGC 1429 = MCG +00-06-005 = CGCG 387-008 = PGC 7328

01 57 05.3 -00 28 06; Cet

V = 14.6; Size 1.3'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 153°

48" (10/27/19): at 375x and 542x; fairly faint, moderately large, thin edge-on ~7:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.0'x0.15', brighter core but no significant bulge. A mag 14 star is just off the eastern edge, 0.3' SE of center. Two mag 13.7/15.5 stars close SW "point" to the SSE end of the galaxy. Forms a non-physical pair with IC 1757 1.6' ESE.

24" (9/28/19): at 322x; very faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, ~40"x10", low even surface brightness, no core. A mag 14 star is at the southeast edge and galaxy is a dim streak extending mostly NNW from the star. A mag 13.7 star is 1.7' SW.

IC 1757, which lies far in the background at 1.1 billion l.y., lies 1.5' E.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1756, along with IC 1757. The discovery date and telescope is unknown as he communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, but he was probably observing with the Lick 36-inch refractor. The MCG misidentified this galaxy (MCG +00-06-005 as being IC 1757. The MCG error is mentioned in the UGC Notes to UGC 1429 = IC 1756.

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IC 1757 = LEDA 174458

01 57 11.4 -00 28 26; Cet

V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 55°

48" (10/27/19): at 375x and 542x; fairly faint, small, round, 12" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 1.6' ESE of edge-on IC 1756, which lies in the foreground. At a light-travel time of 1.1 billion years, IC 1757 is one of the most distant galaxies in the NGC/IC that was discovered visually.

24" (9/28/19): at 322x; extremely faint, very small, 10" diameter, low even surface brightness. Required careful averted vision for extended glimpses, but could hold for up to 2 seconds. Situated just 1.5' E of brighter IC 1756.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1757, along with IC 1756. The discovery date and telescope is unknown as he communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, but he was probably observing with the Lick 36-inch refractor.

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IC 1759 = IC 1760 = ESO 354-018 = MCG -06-05-016 = PGC 7400

01 57 55.4 -32 59 13; For

V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, very weak concentration. Located 8' NW of mag 6.4 HD 12135. Fainter IC 1762 lies 15' S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1759 = Sw. 11-29 on 29 Sep 1897 and reported "pB; vS; R; BM; 10m * v close sp." His position is 6' too far southwest (RA 25 seconds too small) and the bright star is not southwest as stated, but southeast. He found the galaxy again on 17 Nov but due to a transcription error the declination for Sw. 11-30 (later IC 1760) in his large 11th list in Astronomische Nachrichten is 1° too far north. So IC 1760 = IC 1759

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IC 1760 = IC 1759 = ESO 354-018 = MCG -06-05-016 = PGC 7400

01 57 55.4 -32 59 13; For

V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7

See observing notes for IC 1759.

Lewis Swift found IC 1760 = Sw. 11-30 on 17 Nov 1897 and reported (11th discovery list), "eF; pS; R; Cordoba 681 sp." There is nothing near his position but 1° south is IC 1759 (also discovered by Swift on 29 Sep 1897). Corwin sorts out Swift's error and concludes IC 1760 = IC 1759.

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IC 1761 = CGCG 387-019 = PGC 7484

01 58 52.2 +00 34 06; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 47°

24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round 12" diameter (only the core seen with certainty). Located 3.7' NE of NGC 768 and 5.8' NW of mag 8.3 HD 12134. A mag 14.5 star is 1.6' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1761 = J. 904 on 18 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF, vS, R, gradually brighter middle to a nucleus." His position is 1' too far north. Harold Corwin comments that "IC 1761 was not seen by Lewis Swift as some have suggested (see NGC 768 for that story)."

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IC 1762 = ESO 354-017 = MCG -06-05-015 = PGC 7393

01 57 48.6 -33 14 23; For

V = 13.5; Size 1.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 43°

24" (12/6/18): at 260x; very faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.35'. Appears as a ghostly streak (thicker in the middle) with averted vision and appears fainter than the listed magnitude. Located 13' SW of mag 6.4 HD 12135. IC 1759 lies 15' due N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1762 = Sw. 11-31 on 6 Sep 1897 and called it "eeeF; pS; R; 7m * in field [north-following], another susp[ected]." His position is 5' too far southeast (very common in his last year of observing) but a mag 6.4 star is 13' NE, confirming the identification. Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. It was described as "cF, S, vE at 45°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 1763 = ESO 414-020 = MCG -05-05-025 = PGC 7514

01 59 11.8 -27 48 38; For

Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 45°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; very faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, low surface brightness with little or no central brightening (like a face-on Sc spiral). Situated 9' NNW of mag 8.3 HD 12225.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1763 = Sw. 12-8 on 10 Oct 1897 and reported it as "eeF, S, R, 8m * S[outh], lf." His position is about 25 seconds of RA too far west (not unusual at all in last discovery list) and the 8th mag star 9' SSE clinches the identification.

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IC 1765 = NGC 783 = UGC 1497 = MCG +05-05-042 = CGCG 503-073 = Mrk 1171 = PGC 7657

02 01 06.4 +31 52 57; Tri

V = 12.1; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 35°

See observing notes for NGC 783.

E.E. Barnard found IC 1765 in the early 1890's at Lick Observatory and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. Barnard's position is about 30 seconds of RA west and 2' S of NGC 783, so Dreyer must have thought it was a different object. Most likely IC 1765 = NGC 783 (IC 1766 has a similar offset from NGC 785!).

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IC 1766 = NGC 785 = UGC 1509 = MCG +05-05-046 = CGCG 503-076 = PGC 7694

02 01 40.0 +31 49 35; Tri

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 80°

See observing notes for NGC 785.

E.E. Barnard found IC 1766 in the early 1890's at Lick Observatory and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. Barnard's position is about 30 seconds of RA west and 3' S of NGC 785, so Dreyer must have thought it was a different object. Almost certainly IC 1766 = NGC 785 as Barnard's IC 1765 has a similar offset from NGC 783!

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IC 1767 = MCG -02-06-012 = PGC 7568

01 59 59.4 -11 04 44; Cet

Size 1.7'x0.6'; PA = 75°

24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, ~1.2'x.0.5', large brighter core, no nucleus. The halo brightens slightly at the WSW edge - perhaps a knot in the galaxy?

I was pleased when I checked later and found the PanSTARRS-1 image clearly shows a small galaxy (identified as 2MASX J01595678-1104533 in NED) at the position I noted. Although this galaxy appears to be superimposed, I don’t know whether the companion is actually at the same distance (no published redshift) or possibly in front of IC 1767.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1767 = Sw. 11-32 on 18 Dec 1895 and reported "eeF; pS; bet[ween] the 2 southern of 4 st in trapezium." His position is ~2.5' too far south, but the identification is certain. MCG -02-06-012 failed to recognize the IC identity. The discovery year is given as 1895 in his first discovery list at Lowe, but as 1896 in large 11th list. As other nebulae share the 1895 date, it is more likely correct.

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IC 1768 = ESO 477- 021 = MCG -04-05-026 = PGC 7636

02 00 49.9 -25 01 36; For

Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 47°

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, broad weak concentration. Three mag 9.5-10.5 in an equilateral triangle (sides ~3.5') lies roughly 7' SE. IC 1768 is the brightest in a collinear trio with comparable redshifts.

ESO 477-020, situated just 3.4' SW, appeared slightly fainter (nearly fairly faint), small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, 30"x20". A mag 13.5 star is 1' ENE and a mag 15.5 star was just visible 1' SE.

ESO 477-022, situated 11' NE, was very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, brighter along the major axis, ~40"x20". Situated 3' NNE of a mag 9.5 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1768 = Sw. 11-33 on 8 Oct 1896 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; 3 9m st near sf form equilateral triangle; ee diff[icult]." His position is about 4' S of ESO 477-021 and the three bright stars are south-following. But his position is also 3' SE of ESO 477-020 and the MCG chose this galaxy as IC 1768. As ESO 477-021 is brighter by a 1/2 mag or so, it is much more likely the one Swift found. Swift's combined 11th list gives the discovery date on the 18th but he apparently left for a trip to the east coast on that date and in an earlier published list in AJ, the discovery date is stated as 8 October.

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IC 1773 = NGC 804 = UGC 1557 = MCG +05-05-049 = CGCG 504-001 = PGC 7873

02 04 02.1 +30 49 59; Tri

V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 7°

See observing notes for NGC 804.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1773 = Big. 372 on 24 Dec 1897 while searching for NGC 804. As Swift's RA was 22 seconds too large Bigourdan mistook a faint star for NGC 804 and when he picked up Big. 372 = NGC 804, he assumed it was new. So IC 1773 is a rediscovery of NGC 804 with discovery priority to Swift. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 1778 = IC 199 = UGC 1594 = MCG +01-06-041 = CGCG 413-041 = PGC 8026

02 06 19.4 +09 13 39; Psc

V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 24°

See observing notes for IC 199.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1778 = J. 912 on 29 Jan 1897. This was his second observation of IC 199, having discovered it on 15 Dec 1892, along with IC 198. He made the comment that IC 1778 was found while measuring IC 198, though apparently he didn't realize he had already placed it in his second discovery list along with IC 198.

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IC 1781 = KUG 0204-007 = CGCG 387-037 = PGC 8067

02 06 52.8 -00 31 05; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 126°

24" (12/28/16): at 432x; faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness patch with no structure. UGC 1597 = Mrk 1018 is 16' NW and logged as fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20". Two 13th magnitude stars are 50" NW and 1.0' W and a mag 14.5 star is 1.0' ESE.

In the 1980s, prominent broad lines appeared in the optical spectrum of Mrk 1018, a black-hole system and it was classified as a Sy1. The leading explanation for this change is that the accretion rate onto the black hole increased, energizing more of the gas and expanding the size of the broad-line region. But in 2016 it was found that in the past five years, Mrk 1018 had returned to its original state. This unusual transition is thought to be due to a decrease in the black-hole accretion rate.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1781 = J. 3-915 on 8 Oct 1896 and noted "faint, round, 15" to 20" diameter, stellar nucleus mag 14."

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IC 1782 = NGC 823 = ESO 478-002 = MCG -04-06-005 = PGC 8093

02 07 20.1 -25 26 31; For

V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 110°

See observing notes for NGC 823.

John Herschel discovered NGC 823 = h196 on 14 Oct 1830 and recorded "A vF double star enclosed in a vF neb." Herschel also observed this nebula at the Cape (h2460) and gave the same description.

Lewis Swift found this object on 8 Oct 1896 searching for Comet 1889V (Brooks). Sw. 11-34 (later IC 1782) was described as "vF; D* of = mag in nebulosity. Curious object." He added the note "This appears like a nebulous double star, but I think it is simply a double star in a nebula. There is a vast difference between a nebulous star, and a star in a nebula." Dreyer must have missed the close match of Swift's and Herschel's position and their descriptions are virtually identical. So, NGC 823 = IC 1782. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 1783 = ESO 354-046 = MCG -06-05-037 = LGG 052-001 = PGC 8279

02 10 06.1 -32 56 23; For

V = 12.5; Size 2.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 3°

17.5" (10/8/94): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.7', broad concentration. A mag 13 star is 1.8' WSW of center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1783 = Sw. 11-35 on 29 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF; vS; eE; nearly 0°; F * p." His position is fairly poor, but the identification is certain based on his description. Swift originally included it in his third list of new nebulae from Lowe Observatory and gave the discovery date as 4 Sep 1787 with a less detailed description ("very faint, small, vE, one * nr.") and it was given in his fourth list with date 29 Sep 1897! Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. He described it as "cB, cL, vmE at 0°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 1784 = UGC 1744 = MCG +05-06-019 = CGCG 504-041 = LGG 055-001 = PGC 8676

02 16 12.8 +32 38 58; Tri

V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 94°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 E-W, ~50"x24", broad concentration, overall diffuse. Forms a pair with IC 1785 2' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1784 = J. 3-916 on 20 Jan 1898. His position is 1' too far south.

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IC 1785 = MCG +05-06-021 = CGCG 504-044 = LGG 055-005 = PGC 8682

02 16 21.0 +32 39 59; Tri

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 146°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 20"x15". A mag 15.2 star is 0.7' SE of center. Forms a physical pair with brighter IC 1784 2' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1785 = J. 3-917 on 20 Jan 1898. His position is 1' too far south (same offset as IC 1784).

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IC 1787 = IC 217 = MCG -02-06-046 = 2MFGC 1761 = PGC 8673

02 16 10.4 -11 55 36; Cet

V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°

See observing notes for IC 217.

Lewis Swift found IC 1787 = Sw. 11-37 on 12 Oct 1896 and recorded "eeF; eeE; a ray bet 2 st p[receding] and f[ollowing]; 8m star near [north-following]." His position is only 1.5' S of IC 1787, but a perfect match in description. Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence IC 1787 = IC 217.

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IC 1788 = ESO 415-015 = MCG -05-06-011 = LGG 052-003 = PGC 8649

02 15 50.0 -31 12 04; For

V = 12.3; Size 2.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 27°

17.5" (12/28/94): moderately bright, fairly large, nearly edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, 2.5'x0.6', broad concentration. A mag 14 star is just west of the SSW end 1.6' from the center. A wide pair of mag 10-11 stars at 36" separation lies 10' SSE. Relatively bright for an IC galaxy.

17.5" (10/29/94): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.1'x0.7', broad concentration. A mag 14 star is just preceding the SSW tip.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1788 = Sw. 11-36 on 25 Dec 1897 and logged "pF; pS; R; distant D * nf." In this earlier third discovery list from Lowe Observatory he gave the discovery date as 5 Sep 1897 (apparently correct as the list is date 12 Sep 1897)and called it "pretty bright".

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IC 1789 = UGC 1763 = MCG +05-06-024 = CGCG 504-049 = LGG 055-002 = PGC 8766

02 17 51.2 +32 23 46; Tri

V = 13.7; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 30°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.2'. Contains an elongated brighter core 0.3'x0.15'. IC 1784/1785 pair (same redshift) is 25' NW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1789 on 1 Sep 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded (in his logbook) "Found another nebula, faint, small, irregular?" His computed position is 5' too far east. He must have sent the discovery later directly to Dreyer.

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IC 1792 = UGC 1781 = MCG +06-06-015 = CGCG 523-018 = PGC 8839

02 19 01.1 +34 27 45; Tri

Size 1.5'x1.2'; PA = 45°

24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated 4:3, ~45" diameter, very small bright core rising to a stellar nucleus. Situated 5' ESE of STF 246, a nice mag 7.8/9.3 pair at 10" separation. Delta Trianguli (mag 4.9) is less than 30' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1792 = J. 3-921 on 17 Nov 1903 with the 30" refractor at Nice, France. His position is at the east edge of the galaxy and the identification is certain.

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IC 1793 = UGC 1816 = MCG +05-06-027 = CGCG 504-062 = PGC 8969

02 21 32.4 +32 32 40; Tri

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 34°

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 40"x15", small bright core. A mag 10.6 star is 2.5' NE and a "Y" shaped asterism of 4 stars is ~7' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1793 = J. 3-922 on 20 Jan 1898. His position is 1' too far south.

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IC 1795 = LBN 645 = LBN 646 = LBN 647 = W3 = Ced 6

02 26 32 +62 02 29; Cas

Size 21'

18" (10/13/07): NGC 896 and IC 1795 form a bright, detailed HII region at the NW corner of the huge IC 1805 HII ring ("Heart Nebula"). This complex is split into three or 4 distinct sections by dust lanes (LDN 1359). The largest section is IC 1795, which extends mostly north of a mag 10 star for ~8'. To the west of the mag 10 star is a dust lane oriented NW-SE and beyond this lane to the west is a small, moderately high surface brightness patch (NGC 896) of 2' diameter. To the east of the star is another broad dust lane extending N-S and following this lane is a fainter wash of nebulosity that streams to the north for over 15' in length. It passes through mag 9 SAO 12287 and just north of this star the nebulosity has a small, brighter patch. Initially, I thought the complex ended here on the NE side, but then additional fainter nebulosity was noticed spreading out to the west for several arc minutes increasing the total size to 15'-20' for both N-S and E-W directions.

17.5" (11/27/92): observation at 100x using an OIII filter. This is the northeastern section of a large emission complex with NGC 896. Very large, about 10' diameter, roundish, fainter than NGC 895 but still moderately bright. A mag 9.5 star is embedded at the SE edge and several fainter stars are superimposed. A small detached piece of nebulosity is visible about 10' N with a mag 11.5 off the south edge and several fainter stars are at the edges or superimposed. NGC 896 and IC 1795 form the NE component with the IC 1805 ("Heart Nebula") complex spread out to the SE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1795 photographically, probably with the 6" Willard lens. The IC description is simply "Patch of neby".

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IC 1799 = NGC 920 = UGC 1943 = MCG +08-05-012 = CGCG 553-014 = PGC 9432

02 28 45.9 +45 58 14; And

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 34°

17.5" (8/5/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, broad concentration to a brighter core. A mag 14 star is at the west edge . Viewed after glimpsing UGC 1920 (the galaxy taken to be NGC 920), which is 9.5' W.

UGC 1920 (listed as NGC 920 in all modern sources) appeared extremely faint, moderately large, ~1.5' diameter, very low surface brightness, required averted vision to glimpse. This roundish unconcentrated glow is situated within a group of stars including a mag 11 star 1.6' WSW and mag 13 stars 1' NW and 1' SE. I would not have noticed this object without averted vision and knowing the exact location using a printed finder chart. Located 9.5' W of much brighter NGC 920 = IC 1799 and 15' WNW of NGC 933.

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.4', broad concentration to a fairly bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is very close west and a mag 12 star (unequal double) is 1.4' NNW. Located in a rich star field 11' WSW of a mag 7 SAO 38067. Brighter of a pair with NGC 933 6.6' ESE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1799 = Big. 251 on 28 Jan 1891. Lewis Swift is likely the original discoverer on 11 Sep 1885, but his position was 1.0 minute of time too small and Bigourdan assumed his discovery was new. I suggested the equivalence of NGC 920 = IC 1799 = UGC 1943 to Corwin and Steinicke, instead of the standard identification NGC 920 = UGC 1920. They both concur with this identity. See NGC 920, as well as Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 1801 = Arp 276 NED2 = VV 238b = UGC 1936 = MCG +03-07-016 = LGG 061-005 = PGC 9392

02 28 12.9 +19 34 60; Ari

V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 30°

17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, very small, elongated SW-NE, low surface brightness. Forms a double system very close off the southeast end of NGC 935!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1801 = J. 3-926 on 18 Dec 1897 and recorded "F, 20" to 25", gradually little brighter middle, dif." It's a bit surprising that Lewis Swift, who discovered NGC 935, missed this faint companion.

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IC 1802 = MCG +04-06-057 = CGCG 483-067 = PGC 9462

02 29 14.0 +23 04 58; Ari

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 120°

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright core. A mag 12 star is 1' NW. A faint companion (PGC 1681200) 45" ENE of center was not noticed. First in a group with IC 1803 and 1804 ~9' ENE.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1802 on 1 Dec 1877 with a second observation 4 nights later. His second position was accurate, although he apparently missed IC 1803 and 1804. Stephan failed to publish his discovery, so this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.

E.E. Barnard rediscovered IC 1802, along with IC 1803 and 1804, on 29 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His notebook sketch clearly identifies the trio, with IC 1802 = CGCG 483-067 = PGC 9462, although his computed position (sent directly to Dreyer) is poor 33 seconds of time too small and 2.2' too far north. He noted "the p[receding] of 3. 1' s.f. 11m star." His poor position for IC 1803, though, happens to fall closer to IC 1802 and PGC, RC3 and HyperLeda (as well as secondary sources such as Uranometria 2000.0 Sky Atlas and Megastar) misidentify IC 1802 as IC 1803. NED has the correct position as Harold Corwin correctly identified this galaxy.

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IC 1803 = MCG +04-06-058 = PGC 9507

02 29 50.0 +23 06 31; Ari

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Fainter of a pair with IC 1804 1.3' SE. The pair points to a mag 10.5 star situated 2.4' NW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1803, along with IC 1802 and 1804, on 29 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His notebook sketch clearly identifies the trio, with IC 1803 = MCG +04-06-058 = PGC 9507, although his computed position (sent directly to Dreyer) is 32 seconds of time too small and 2.5' too far north (similar offset as IC 1802). He noted "the p[receding] of 2 [with IC 1804], occasionally a star like point seen in b [IC 1803]."

His poor position for IC 1803, though, falls closer to this galaxy and PGC, RC3 and HyperLeda (as well as secondary sources such as Uranometria 2000.0 Sky Atlas and Megastar) misidentify IC 1802 as IC 1803.

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IC 1804 = MCG +04-06-060 = CGCG 483-068 = PGC 9512

02 29 54.4 +23 05 49; Ari

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, small brighter nucleus, low surface brightness halo. Brighter of a pair with IC 1803 1.3' NW. CGCG 483-070 = PGC 9527 lies 6' NE and logged as faint, small, round, 18" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.6' WSW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1804, along with IC 1802 and 1803, on 29 Oct 1888. His notebook sketch clearly identifies the trio, with IC 1804 (marked as "c") correspoinding to CGCG 483-068 = PGC 9512. He reported a poor position to Dreyer, but his offset from mag 10.4 star Tycho 1766:638:1 is accurate.

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IC 1805 = Ced 7 = Sh 2-190 = LBN 656 = W4 = LBN 654 = Cr 26 = Mel 15 = Heart Nebula

02 32 42 +61 27; Cas

V = 6.5; Size 100'x80'

18" (10/13/07): IC 1805, which is dubbed the "Heart Nebula", is a cluster (Cr 26 = Melotte 15) involved with a huge emission complex (LBN 654) . The central cluster Mel 15 was striking at 73x, consisting of a 20' scattered group of mag 8 and fainter stars (I estimated 17 stars mag 8-10.5). Embedded within the group is a smaller, fairly rich, 4'x2.5' oval ring with over three dozen stars. Most of the stars are located along the irregular ring, itself, and not in the interior. On the SW side is the brightest member mag 8 HD 15558, an O5-type giant, which has a mag 10.5 companion at 10" separation (ADS 1920). The central region is richest around this pair with 9 or 10 stars in total packed into a 1.6' region.

Adding an OIII filter, the cluster was encased in a fairly bright, irregular glow, ~12-15' in diameter and extending mostly to the east of the cluster. There appears to be dark lanes or obscuring dust involved as the surface brightness is irregular with brighter filaments within the glow. Fainter nebulosity extends to the east and then abruptly bifurcates into two branches, one heading NE and the other SE. There's a sharp border to the nebulosity at the split as the sky directly east immediately darkens, adding to the contrast.

Following the stream of nebulosity to the NE, it extends roughly 20' in that direction but then curves back sharply towards the west where it meanders for 30'-40', ending about 30' N of the cluster. Only 20' E of the bend at the NE corner is the fairly large open cluster, NGC 1027 (see notes) .

The southern river of nebulosity can be followed around in a huge loop. First it gently curves to the south or SSE for ~40' and then loops back sharply towards the west (this band forms the southern boundary of the "Heart") for at least 40', heading towards a distinctive N-S string of 5 stars with a length of 6'. This group is catalogued as Markarian 6 = Stock 7. At the south end of Mrk 6 are two doubles, ∑264 = 8.6/9.8 at 17" and ∑263 = 10/11 pair at 17".

At this point, the rim bends to the north and brightens noticeably in a 10' patch. It dims and continues on further to the north, passing about 25' W of the cluster and fades out pretty close to NGC 896, a nearly isolated bright patch to the NW of the main structure. Near the northwest end of IC 1805 is Tombaugh 4, a low surface brightness cluster that requires high power to partially resolve.

I had now traced around the entire outline of the "Heart Nebula" visible on wide-field images, scanning over a degree and a half from north to south and perhaps 1.25° in extent from west to east. The entire outline, including the weaker interior glow, was also visible at 12.5x in my 80mm finder using an OIII filter, although without the detail visible in the main scope.

NGC 896 and IC 1795 are parts of a fairly bright, detailed region at the NW corner of this huge ring. The complex appears split into three or 4 distinct sections by dust lanes (LDN 1359). The largest section is IC 1795, which extends mostly north of a mag 10 star for ~8'. To the west of the mag 10 star is a dust lane oriented NW-SE and beyond this lane to the west is a small, moderately high surface brightness glow (NGC 896) of 2' diameter. To the east of the star is another broad dust lane extending N-S and east of this lane is a fainter wash of nebulosity that streams to the north for over 15' in length. It passes through mag 9 SAO 12287 and just north of this star the nebulosity has another small, brighter patch. Initially, I thought the complex ended here on the NE side, but additional fainter nebulosity was noticed spreading out to the west, increasing the total size to 15'-20' for both N-S and E-W directions.

Comparing my descriptions to the MegaStar outline, I noticed that the cluster Mrk 6 (perhaps it's an asterism) is not plotted, although the brighter stars are, of course. Secondly, the outline shows a large gap between the NW end of the Heart and NGC 896. Visually, it appeared the Heart Nebula extended closer to 896. Finally, I picked up additional nebulosity to the north of NGC 896 not shown on MegaStar. At the section of the rim ~25' W of Mel 15 is the "bright-rimmed cloud" BRC 5, which was not noticed visually, though contains many T Tauri candidates.

17.5" (11/27/92): about 125 stars forming a bright, very large 40' field at 100x. In the center is an oval ring consisting of about 30 stars within a 4'-5' diameter including a bright 8th magnitude multiple star (Stein 368). The brighter stars in the outer region form a rough incomplete circular outline. Using 100x with an OIII filter, the associated nebulosity (LBN 654) is clearly entwined within a large portion of the cluster.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1805 photographically with the discovery communicated directly to Dreyer. The NGC position is off by 1 minute of time in RA (same as IC 1824 = NGC 1027). Barnard gave a corrected position in his Atlas of the Milky Way.

The Heart (IC 1805) and Soul (IC 1848) nebulae are part of the Cas OB6 Association, a sprawling complex of gas, dust and massive O- and B-class stars at a distance ~7500 light years in the Perseus Arm.

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IC 1807 = MCG +04-06-062 = CGCG 483-071 = PGC 9547

02 30 31.0 +22 57 00; Ari

V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.5'

24" (11/21/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, contains a brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Collinear with a mag 11.6 star 2' SW and a mag 13.1 star 2.4' NE. IC 1809 lies 16' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1807 = J. 3-928, along with IC 1809, on 16 Jan 1896.

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IC 1808 = NGC 963 = MCG -01-07-017 = PGC 9545

02 30 31.0 -04 12 59; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5

See observing notes for NGC 963.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1808 = J. 3-929 on 14 Dec 1903. His position matches MCG -01-07-017 = PGC 9545. This galaxy was discovered by Leavenworth in 1886 but his rough RA for LM 2-339 (later NGC 963) was 1.3 minutes too large. So, NGC 963 = IC 1808, with discovery priority to Leavenworth.

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IC 1809 = UGC 1996 = MCG +04-07-004 = CGCG 484-002 = III Zw 48 = PGC 9616

02 31 40.4 +22 55 02; Ari

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 50°

24" (11/21/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20". A faint star is superimposed at the NE tip [12" from center]. IC 1807 lies 16' WNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1809 = J. 3-930, along with IC 1807, on 16 Jan 1896.

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IC 1811 = ESO 355-020 = AM 0228-342 NED01 = MCG -06-06-008 = PGC 9555

02 30 38.2 -34 15 51; For

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 7°

24" (11/7/18): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~0.6"x0.5", slightly brighter core. A mag 14.6 star is at the east edge [24" ESE of center]. A wide mag 13.5/14 pair is 3.5' NW. Forms a pair with slightly smaller IC 1813 3.5' NE. Located 42' SE of mag 5.1 Phi Fornacis.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1811 = Sw. 11-38, along with IC 1813, on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "eeeF; S; R; D * nearly p; np of 2." His position is 40 seconds of RA too small. He confused the orientation in his description as his position is correctly southwest of IC 1813, and the"D[ouble] *" is probably the pair northwest.

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IC 1813 = ESO 355-022 = AM 0228-342 NED2 = MCG -06-06-009 = PGC 9567

02 30 49.5 -34 13 15; For

V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 102°

24" (11/7/18): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~30" diameter, slightly brighter core. Forms a pair with IC 1811 3.5' SW. A wide mag 13.5/14 pair is 4' W and a mag 13 star is less than 2' N [unequal double].

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1813 = Sw. 11-39, along with IC 1811, on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "eF; eS; R; F * near n; D * np; sf of 2."

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IC 1814 = NGC 964 = ESO 355-024 = MCG -06-06-010 = PGC 9582

02 31 05.8 -36 02 06; For

V = 12.6; Size 2.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 31°

See observing notes for NGC 964.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1814 = Sw. 11-40 on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "pB; pS; vE." There is nothing at his position but 40 seconds of RA east is NGC 964. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 1 Sep 1834 and described as "B, pmE, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 30" long; position 215.7 degrees." So, IC 1814 = NGC 964, with discovery priority to Herschel.

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IC 1815 = UGC 2047 = MCG +05-07-014 = CGCG 505-0 13 = PGC 9794

02 34 20.0 +32 25 46; Tri

V = 12.9; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.8

18" (1/26/11): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 35" diameter, even moderate concentration to a small bright core and stellar nucleus. Located 3.5' SE of mag 7.6 HD 15896 and 4.5' S of NGC 973. I'm surprised Swift missed this galaxy but picked up NGC 973, a lower surface brightness edge-on.

17.5" (11/30/91): fairly faint, small, irregularly round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 3.5' ESE of mag 7.5 SAO 55664. Smaller but higher surface brightness than NGC 973 4.5' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1815 = J. 3-931 on 20 Jan 1898 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, R, 20" to 25", gradually brighter in the middle, mag 14 stellar nucleus."

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IC 1816 = ESO 355-025 = AM 0229-365 = MCG -06-06-011 = PGC 9634

02 31 51.0 -36 40 19; For

V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5

24" (11/7/18): at 260x; nearly moderately bright (affected by low elevation), round, 35" diameter, bright core with a small brighter nucleus. Two mag 10.2 and 11.3 stars (separation ~1.5') lies ~5' NW. Located 15' SSW of mag 6.3 HD 15889. MCG -06-06-014, located 20' SE, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 15" (core region only viewed).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1816 = Sw. 11-41 on 12 Oct 1896 and noted "vF; S; R; wide D * near p[receding]." His position is 5' too far south and the wide double is ~5' NW.

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IC 1824 = NGC 1027 = Cr 30 = Mel 16

02 42 35 +61 35 42; Cas

V = 6.7; Size 20'

See observing notes for NGC 1027.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1824 (probably photographically) in the early 1890's at Lick Observatory. The discovery was transmitted directly to Dreyer and not published. His position is at the west edge of the cluster NGC 1027 and his description reads "Cl, sts F, perh[aps] F neby p extends to it." William Herschel discovered NGC 1027 on 3 Nov 1787. So IC 1824 = NGC 1027.

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IC 1826 = IC 1830 = Haro 18 = ESO 416-006 = MCG -05-07-012 = UGCA 37 = LGG 075-005 = PGC 10041

02 39 03.6 -27 26 37; For

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5

17.5" (12/9/01): moderately bright and large, elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x0.9', brighter core. A mag 10.5 star (SAO 167947) lies 1.3' W of center. Member of the NGC 1097 group (LGG 075).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1826 = Sw. 11-42 on 6 Sep 1897 and noted "pB; cS; R, 8m * near preceding." His RA is 38 seconds too small, but the mag 10.4 star close west clinches the identification. DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on a photographic plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He referenced Swift's position, but assumed D.S. 162 (later IC 1830) was different and reported "very faint, small, prob. round, eF * 1.5' sp; susp[ected]." Stewart's position is accurte, although the nearby star is not "extremely faint".

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IC 1827 = UGC 2152 = MCG +00-07-075 = CGCG 388-089 = PGC 10087

02 39 46.5 +01 33 30; Cet

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 154°

17.5" (11/26/94): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.2', bright core. A mag 13 star is very close to the SE end 28" from the center. Forms a pair with NGC 1038 5.6' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1827 = J. 3-938 on 21 Dec 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, 15" to 20", fan-shaped, star 13-14 in contact."

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IC 1828 = NGC 1036 = UGC 2160 = MCG +03-07-041 = CGCG 462-041 = Mrk 370 = PGC 10127

02 40 29.1 +19 17 50; Ari

V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°

See observing notes for NGC 1036.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1828 = J. 3-939 on 18 Jan 1898. His position matches NGC 1036 = UGC 2160, a galaxy discovered by William Herschel with a fairly good position. So it's surprising neither Javelle nor Dreyer realized that IC 1828 = NGC 1036.

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IC 1830 = IC 1826 = Haro 18 = ESO 416-006 = MCG -05-07-012 = UGCA 37 = PGC 10041

02 39 03.6 -27 26 37; For

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5

17.5" (12/9/01): moderately bright and large, elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x0.9', brighter core. A mag 10.5 star (SAO 167947) lies 1.3' W of center.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 1830 = D.S. 162 on a photographic plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He noted "vF, S, susp, ef* 1.5' sp." Lewis Swift discovered this galaxy on 6 Sep 1897 and recorded Sw. 11-42 as "pB; cS; R, 8m * near preceding." His RA was 38 seconds too small so Dreyer assumed the two objects were different, but the equivalence IC 1826 = 1830 is certain.

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IC 1833 = ESO 416-007 = MCG -05-07-013 = PGC 10205

02 41 38.7 -28 10 17; For

V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 63°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 4:3 SW-NE, well defined brighter 25" core. Low surface brightness halo with averted, ~50"x35". Located 16' W of mag 6.8 HD 17005. Two very wide bright pairs are ~8' N.

A quadruple system (HD 16914) lies 14' NNE. A mag 11 star is ~30" E of the primary and a 20" pair of 14th mag stars are close SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1833 = Sw. 11-43 on 22 Dec 1897, reporting "eeF; S; R; 3 fine D st nf, each about 7" [separation]." His RA is 18 seconds too small, but the identification is certain with the pairs to the NNE. Howe's accurate position (measured in 1900) was used in the IC 2.

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IC 1837 = NGC 1072 = UGC 2208 = MCG +00-07-088 = CGCG 388-103 = PGC 10315

02 43 31.3 +00 18 25; Cet

V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 11°

See observing notes for NGC 1072.

Stephane Javelle found IC 1837 = J. 3-945 on 24 Jan 1898. There is nothing at his position but Harold Corwin found that he reversed the sign of his declination offset from his reference star. Once corrected, IC 1837 = NGC 1072. Although this is a reasonable assumption (it occured in several other cases), it's odd that Javelle described NGC 1072 as round as it appeared noticeably elongated in both of my observations. NGC 1072 as discovered by Stephan on 20 Dec 1881.

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IC 1840 = NGC 1105 = MCG -03-08-004 = PGC 10333

02 43 42.0 -15 42 20; Cet

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4

18" (11/26/03): very faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.5'x0.4', broad concentration with a round 20" core. Located 6' NW of mag 8.9 SAO 148573. NGC 1081 lies 20' ENE.

Herbert Howe found IC 1840 = Ho. 3-7 on 30 Jan 1900 and reported "vF, vS mbM; near [NGC 1081]." His position matches MCG -03-08-004 = PGC 10333. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Leavenworth on 2 Dec 1885 and catalogued in list I-71 (later NGC 1105) but his rough position was very poor -- 4.5 minutes of RA too far east. Howe ran across the galaxy while searching for NGC 1105, which he assumed was new, and reported also finding MCG -03-08-036 = PGC 10867 4 minutes of RA following Leavenworth's position. As Dreyer published Howe's "correction" in the IC 2 notes, PGC 10867 is known as NGC 1105 in modern sources, though that designation should apply to IC 1840.

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IC 1845 = HDO 60

02 43 57.0 -27 58 06; For

V = 9.2/10.3; Size 9"

24" (12/6/18): at 260x, this number possibly applies to the double star HDO 60, a mag 9.2/10.5 pair at 9" separation. It was easily separated at 225x, though when discovered the separation was considerably less and the pair might have appeared nebulous. Bu 261, a close mag 7.9/9.2 pair at 3", lies 5' NW with a very wide mag 10.5 component 1' SE.

SIMBAD identifies ESO 416-015 as IC 1845. At 260x, this galaxy appeared fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20", slightly brighter core, fairly low surface brightness.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1845 = Sw. 11-44 on 22 Dec 1897 and noted it as "eeF, S, R, D[ouble] * np". There is nothing near his position except a mag 10.3 star, which hardly could be called "eeF". Corwin suggests this number refers to the double star, a mag 9.2/10.3 pair at 9" (only 5" separation in 1870), which is situated 1 minute of RA west of Swift's position. Furthermore, there is a very bright and wide double roughly 4' NW that would fit Swift's position. ESO suggested ESO 416-015, situated about 40 seconds of RA east of Swift's position, might be IC 1845 (this is the identification adopted by SIMBAD, but there is no double star northwest, so this identification seems less likely.

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IC 1846 = NGC 1109 = UGC 2265 = MCG +02-08-006 = CGCG 440-008 = PGC 10573

02 47 43.6 +13 15 20; Ari

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6

17.5" (1/9/99): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Situated 2.5' ENE of a mag 11.5 star. The NGC identification of this galaxy is very uncertain due to poor positions in the group by Marth and UGC, MCG and CGCG identify this galaxy as IC 1846.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1846 = J. 3-952, along with IC 1850 and 1852, on 7 Jan 1896. His position matches UGC 2265 = PGC 10573 and this identification is secure. Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 1109, discovered by Albert Marth in a large group, refers to IC 1846, though Marth's RA is 2 minutes east. Marth's positions for NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117 are off by differing amounts, so this identification is very insecure and other assignments are possible.

UGC, MCG, CGCG, PGC and HyperLeda label this galaxy as IC 1846, but NED and SIMBAD give NGC 1109 as the primary designation with IC 1846 as an alternate designation. See my notes, Corwin's notes and Courtney Seligman's entry for NGC 1109.

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IC 1848 = Ced 9 = Sh 2-199 = LBN 667 = Cr 32 = Cr 33 = Cr 34 = Soul Nebula = Baby Nebula = Embryo Nebula

02 51 12 +60 24; Cas

V = 6.5; Size 100'x50'

18" (10/13/07): I only took a fairly quick look at this huge HII region ("Soul Nebula" or "Baby Nebula") at the end of the evening after a long examination of IC 1705 ("Heart Nebula"). In comparison, portions of this object clearly have a higher surface brightness using an OIII filter at 73x. Near the center is an E-W elongated, scattered group of stars (Cr 32), ~10'x4' in size. On the west end are two mag 7.3/8.3 stars (2' pair of O-class stars: HD 17505 (the primary ionization source) and HD 17520) with a number of fainter stars huddled nearby. About 60' to the ENE is another larger, scattered group (Cr 34). Weak nebulosity is evident throughout the field without a filter.

Adding an OIII filter greatly increases the contrast and nebulosity is fairly prominent in several different sections. About 20' E of Cr 32 is a brighter, elongated patch. To the east of this patch is a dark lane or intrusion and on the eastern side is a brighter, 10' circular glow (IC 1871) with an irregular outline. IC 1871 is located roughly 45' ENE of Cr 32. This patch is irregular in surface brightness with brighter streaks. A larger region spreads out to the east of the cluster increasing the total length to over 1.5 degrees. I also noticed brighter regions of nebulosity to the west of Cr 32, but didn't take notes on this area or try to follow the entire outline of the complex.

17.5" (10/2/99): at 100x, this large but weak grouping is dominated by a 2' pair of mag 7/8 stars which are both surrounded by several close, faint companions. The surrounding 1° field is undistinguished but it appears weakly concentrated around the bright pair. Faint nebulosity is visible in portions of the field. At 220x, the view is striking with ~12 stars huddled around the southern mag 9 star including a nice pair of mag 12 stars nearly collinear and equally spaced. The brighter mag 7 star (STF 306) is surrounded by 8-10 companions. The 20' field is fairly rich but scattered with a matched pair of mag 9 stars ~10' N.

Using a UHC filter at 100x, the field is immersed in a very large, faint nebulosity about a degree in length, elongated E-W. A large, bright region elongated N-S is at the east end, ~35 following the core, and seems detached from the main cloud. It surrounds a weak scattered group (Cr 34) that is devoid of stars in the center. The main body of nebulosity has a sharper border and is generally brighter to the north of the core and fades into the background on the south side. The outline is interesting on the north side with irregular extensions and bulges. A small brighter circular patch stands out at the west end about 10' W of the core.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1848 photographically and notified Dreyer directly. The IC description reads "Cl, st F, extends 8 min. f, in F neby." The Heart (IC 1805) and Soul (IC 1848) nebulae are part of the Cas OB6 Association, a sprawling complex of gas, dust and massive O- and B-class stars at a distance ~7500 light years in the Perseus Arm.

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IC 1850 = NGC 1111 = LEDA 1426583

02 48 39.3 +13 15 34; Ari

Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 9°

17.5" (1/9/99): extremely faint, very small, elongated 3:1 SSW- NNE, ~25"x9". Originally this object appeared virtually stellar as I probably just detected the core but after viewing for awhile the thin extensions were noticed. Located 5.6' NW of IC 1852. The NGC identification from Marth of this galaxy is very uncertain, although it was correctly placed by Javelle (IC 1850). The galaxy chosen by the RNGC is probably incorrect.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1850 = J. 3-955, along with IC 1846 and 1852, on 7 Jan 1896. His position is a good match with LEDA 1426583 (not in CGCG, MCG or PGC). Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 1111, found by Marth in 1863, refers to this galaxy although Marth's RA is 1.0 minute further east. Courtney Seligman notes that IC 1850 could just as easily be equated with NGC 1109 as the NGC positions are close. In any case, the IC identification is secure. See my notes, Corwin's notes and Courtney Seligman's entry for NGC 1109.

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IC 1852 = NGC 1112 = UGC 2293 = MCG +02-08-011 = CGCG 440-015 = PGC 10660

02 49 00.4 +13 13 25; Ari

V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 3°

17.5" (1/9/99): very faint, fairly small, ~40"x25". Appears as a very low surface brightness glow with no noticeable concentration and an ill-defined edge. After extended viewing could hold continuously with direct vision. IC 1850 = NGC 1111: lies 5.6' NW and IC 1846 = NGC 1109: is 19' W. The NGC identification is very uncertain due to a poor position from Marth. This galaxy is identified as IC 1852 in CGCG, UGC and MCG and identified as NGC 1109 in RNGC and RC3.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1852 = J. 3-956, along with IC 1846 and 1850, on 7 Jan 1896. His position is a good match with UGC 2293 = PGC 10660. Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 1112, found by Marth in 1863, refers to this galaxy though his position 1 min of RA further east. Marth's positions for NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117 are all off in RA, so this identification is not definite but very possible. See my notes, Corwin's notes and Courtney Seligman's website entry for NGC 1109.

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1112 = m 77 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and logged "F, pS". This is the third in a group of 8 galaxies he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or possibly he confused faint stars as nebulous.

Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1112 may refer IC 1852 = UGC 2293 = PGC 10660. Stephane Javelle discovered this galaxy on 7 Jan 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. Marth's position is exactly 1.0 min of RA following IC 1852 and matches in declination. CGCG, UGC and MCG label this galaxy IC 1852, while RNGC, PGC, RC3 and Megastar identify it as NGC 1109. RNGC classifies NGC 1112 as nonexistent. Finally, HyperLEDA equates IC 1852 with NGC 1109. Although NGC 1112 = IC 1852 is a reasonable match, given all the problems in this region this identification is very uncertain. See Corwin's notes for NGC 1109 and Courtney's Seligman website for NGC 1112.

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IC 1853 = MCG -02-08-006 = LGG 076-001 = PGC 10595

02 48 04.3 -13 59 35; Eri

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 91°

17.5" (12/28/94): extremely faint, very small. Just glimpsed 2.0' SSW of NGC 1103. Too faint to view any additional details.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1853 = Ho III-8 on 23 Jan 1900 and recorded "eF, vS, near [NGC] 1103." His position is accurate.

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IC 1856 = UGC 2291 = MCG +00-08-021 = CGCG 389-021 = PGC 10647

02 48 50.8 -00 46 03; Cet

V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 60°

24" (11/21/19): at 375x; fairly faint but relatively prominent in the field, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 40"x20", irregular surface brightness. The galaxy seembed brighter or had a knot at the NE end and was more tapered on the SW end. There was a strong impression of a brighter elongated core or bar.

UGC 2311, situated 11' NE, appeared fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 50"x40", well defined halo. Fairly even gradual concentration to the center with a slightly brighter nucleus. Both galaxies are members of a group (USGC U149) that includes NGCs 1094, 1104 and 1132.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1856 = J. 3-959 on 24 Jan 1898.

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IC 1858 = ESO 416-029 = MCG -05-07-033 = PGC 10671

02 49 08.4 -31 17 24; For

V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 176°

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.75'x0.3', slightly brighter core, low uneven surface brightness. One of the brightest members of cluster ACO S301. IC 1860 lies 8' NE.

24" (12/6/18): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 N-S, ~0.9'x0.3', brighter core. Second brightest member of the galaxy cluster ACO S301.

17.5" (12/9/01): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20" (viewed core only). Faintest in a trio with IC 1859 and IC 1860 in the ACO S301 cluster. Located 8' SW of IC 1860 and 7' S of IC 1859.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1858 = Sw. 11-45, along with IC 1859 and 1860, on 5 Sep 1897. He reported "vF; pS; R; 1st of 3." His RA is 25 seconds too small and IC 1859 is actually a bit further west. The position was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", based on photographs taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa.

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IC 1859 = ESO 416-028 = MCG -05-07-032 = PGC 10665

02 49 03.9 -31 10 21; For

V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 35°

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20". A mag 12.9 star is 1.3' W. One of the brighter members of the ACO S301 cluster.

24" (12/6/18): at 260x; very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 N-S, ~35"x20", low surface brightness with a slightly brighter core. A mag 12.8 star is 1.4' W.

17.5" (12/9/01): faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.3' E of a mag 13 star. First of three with IC 1858 and IC 1860 in the ACO S301 = Klemola 2 cluster.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1859 = Sw. 11-46, along with IC 1858 and 1860, on 5 Sep 1897. He reported "pF; pS; R; 2nd of 3." His RA was 25 seconds of time too small. The position was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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IC 1860 = ESO 416-031 = MCG -05-07-035 = PGC 10707

02 49 33.8 -31 11 23; For

V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 6°

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 5:3 N-S, 50"x30", broad concentration, slightly brighter round core.

24" (12/6/18): at 260x; nearly moderately bright, slightly elongated N-S, 40" diameter, bright core. Brightest member of the cluster ACO S301 with IC 1859 6.4' W and IC 1858 8' SW. PGC 10725, situated 2.8' NE of IC 1860, appeared extremely faint and round, 12" diameter.

17.5" (12/9/01): faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. Largest and brightest in a trio with IC 1858 8' SW and IC 1859 6.5' WNW in the core of the ACO S301 = Klemola 2 cluster. A mag 12.3 star is 1.7' NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1860 = Sw. 11-47, along with IC 1858 and 1859, on 5 Sep 1897. He reported "pF; pS; lE; 3rd of 3." His RA is 17 seconds too small. The position was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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IC 1861 = UGC 2357 = MCG +04-07-028 = CGCG 484-023 = PGC 10905

02 53 07.0 +25 29 25; Ari

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 150°

24" (12/8/20): at 260x; fairly faint, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', brighter elongated core. A mag 11.8 star is 50" W (off edge).

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1861 on 22 Nov 1886, the last night with documented observations. His uncorrected position is close off the SE end of the galaxy and he mentions it follows an 11th mag star by 2 seconds of time. The observation was made after the publication of his last discovery list (in 1885).

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1861 again on 1 Sep 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted in his logbook (unpublished) "Seaching with low power, found a small faint nebulosity close following a 9m star (the N.p. of 2, distance 5' +/-)". Barnard made a rough sketch and added the description, "F, pS, R, very gradually brighter middle, close following a 9th mag star." Barnard was credited with the discovery in the IC, so he must have notified Dreyer directly.

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IC 1862 = ESO 356-015 = MCG -06-07-010 = FGCE 272 = PGC 10858

02 51 58.8 -33 20 25; For

V = 13.7; Size 3.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 3°

24" (12/20/17): faint to fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.2', brighter central region but no distinct core, overall low surface brightness. Located 8' NW of mag 8.1 HD 17970. A mag 10.2 star is 5' NE. IC 1862 has a similar redshift as ACO S301 = Klemola 2 cluster (brightest member IC 1860), located 2.2° NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1862 = Sw. 11-48 on 25 Nov 1897 and recorded "eeeF; vS; lE; 7m * in field sf; eee diff." His RA is 41 seconds too small, but a mag 8 star is 8' SSE, matching his description, so this identification is pretty secure.

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IC 1864 = ESO 356-017 = MCG -06-07-011 = PGC 10925

02 53 39.3 -34 11 53; For

V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 63°

17.5" (12/9/01): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak even concentration. Located 2.8° east of the Fornax Dwarf.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1864 = Sw. 11-49 on 19 Oct 1897 and recorded "eF; S; R." His RA is 29 seconds too small, but pretty accurate in declination.

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IC 1870 = UGCA 46 = KUG 0255-025 = MCG -01-08-020 = PGC 11202

02 57 53.5 -02 20 49; Eri

V = 13.2; Size 2.8'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 133°

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated NW-SE, ~0.9'x0.5', increases in size with averted vision. Contains a small brighter core. Low surface brightness but slightly irregular and patchy. Situated just 1.7' WSW of mag 7.7 HD 18463, which significantly interferes with the view! A mag 12 star is 1.6' NNW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1870 on 28 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "vF, R, very gradually brighter middle, v difficult" and made a rough sketch (in his logbook) with the nearby bright star. Barnard notified Dreyer directly of the discovery.

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IC 1871 = LBN 675 = Ced 11 = Sh 2-201

02 57 21 +60 40 18; Cas

Size 4.0'x4.0'

See observing notes for IC 1848 = "Soul Nebula"

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1871 photographically at Lick Observatory and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. Barnard's position matches mag 9.4 BD +60d 624 = GSC 4048:1659. Harold Corwin writes "I think that Barnard got the wrong magnitude 9.3 BD star. Instead of BD +60d 596 which is surrounded by nebulosity, "chiefly following", he listed the position of BD +60d 624." Corwin's star is on the eastern side of IC 1848.

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IC 1876 = ESO 417-013 = AM 0302-273A = Haro 19 = MCG -05-08-013 = PGC 11577

03 04 32.3 -27 27 38; For

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1

24" (12/6/18): at 124x and 375x; almost fairly faint, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 13 star is 1.7' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1876 = Sw. 11-51 on 16 Sep 1896 and logged it as "eeF; vS; R; F * near sf." His position is 2' SE of ESO 417-13 and the description matches.

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IC 1880 = MCG -02-08-049 = PGC 11656

03 06 28.6 -09 43 53; Eri

Size 1.6'x1.1'; PA = 33°

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', small slightly brighter nucleus. Situated 2' W of a mag 10.4 star. NGC 1214 (= HCG 23A) lies 13' NE and NGC 1208 is 12' NW.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1880 = Ho. III-10 on 30 Dec 1900. His position was accurate.

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IC 1881 = NGC 1213 = UGC 2557 = MCG +06-07-045 = CGCG 524-058 = PGC 11789

03 09 17.3 +38 38 59; Per

V = 14.5; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 15.4; PA = 60°

See observing notes for NGC 1213.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1881 = Big. 253 on 10 Jan 1891, while searching for NGC 1213. His position matches NGC 1213 = UGC 2557, but Swift's position was off by 0.4 minutes in RA. As a result Bigourdan misidentified a star as NGC 1213 and thought B.253 was new. The IC description questions whether IC 1881 = NGC 1213? It does.

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IC 1883 = NGC 1212 = UGC 2560 = PGC 11815

03 09 42.2 +40 53 35; Per

V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 22°

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", faint stellar nucleus. Located 18' ESE of Algol and 2.7' SW of a mag 8.7 star within AGC 426. IC 290 lies 4.8' N.

18" (11/22/03): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, even surface brightness. Forms the SW vertex of an equilateral triangle with mag 8.7 SAO 38614 2.7' NE and a mag 11.7 star 2.2' E. Located just 18' ESE of Algol at the western edge of AGC 426!

E.E. Barnard found IC 1883 on on 26 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer and not announced in any of his papers. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Lewis Swift on 18 Oct 1884 and recorded in his first discovery list as I-5 (later NGC 1212) with the description "S; R; vvF. Right angled with 2 stars. In field with Algol". Swift's position is poor, 40 seconds of RA west of UGC 2560, but his description of the two stars applies to this galaxy. Barnard and Dreyer assumed this was probably a new object due to Swift's poor position. So, NGC 1212 = IC 1883, with discovery priority to Swift.

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IC 1884 = IC 290 = UGC 2561 = CGCG 540-047 = PGC 11817

03 09 42.7 +40 58 27; Per

V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 131°

E.E. Barnard found IC 1884 on 26 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He communicated the result directly to Dreyer who didn't notice the equivalence with IC 290, discovered by Swift (along with IC 293 and 294) on 11 Sep 1888. UGC labels the galaxy IC 1884 instead of IC 290. See Harold Corwin's notes.

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IC 1886 = MCG -01-09-001 = PGC 11724

03 08 03.2 -04 23 59; Eri

Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 0°

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 13.5 star is 0.9' S of center. Picked up 10' SSW of NGC 1221.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1886 = Big. 254 on 9 Dec 1893, He noted the mag 13 star to the south.

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IC 1887 = IC 292 = UGC 2567 = MCG +07-07-030 = CGCG 540-049 = PGC 11846

03 10 12.9 +40 45 56; Per

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 75°

18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.9'x0.4', very weak concentration. Located 2.4' S of a mag 10 star at the west edge of AGC 426. NGC 1212 lies 10' NW.

E.E. Barnard independently discovered IC 1887, along with IC 1888, on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. Lewis Swift discovered this pair just two and half months earlier and reported it in his 8th discovery list (#17). So, IC 1887 = IC 292.

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IC 1888 = IC 293 = MCG +07-07-031 = CGCG 540-053 = LGG 087-006 = PGC 11873

03 10 56.2 +41 08 14; Per

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°

E.E. Barnard independently discovered IC 1888, along with IC 1887, on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. Lewis Swift discovered this pair just two and half months earlier and reported it in his 8th discovery list (#18). So, IC 1888 = IC 293.

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IC 1889 = IC 294 = IC 296 = UGC 2574 = MCG +07-07-033 = LGG 088-012 = PGC 11878

03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°

E.E. Barnard independently discovered IC 1889, along with IC 1887 (= IC 292) and IC 1888 (= IC 293), on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. Lewis Swift discovered this pair just two and half months earlier on 11 Sep 1888 and reported it in his 8th discovery list as #19 (later IC 294) and again three nights later as #21 (later IC 296). So, IC 1887 = IC 294 = IC 296.

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IC 1892 = Arp 332 NED4 = Arp 332 NED5 = VV 260a = VV 260b = ESO 480-036 = MCG -04-08-030 = UGCA 55 = PGC 11750

03 08 27.8 -23 03 16; Eri

V = 13.2; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 2°

17.5" (11/10/96): extremely faint, moderately large, very low surface brightness, no concentration, probably elongated ~N-S. Initially suspected while viewing the NGC 1228 group and confirmed using John Vickers' CCD Atlas. Located 8.6' SSE of NGC 1228 and 6.7' SE of NGC 1229. This galaxy is the largest in the group, but is fairly difficult, though according to its recessional velocity IC 1892 is superimposed in the front of the group.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1892 = Ho III-11 on 22 Jan 1899 and noted "vF, L; near [NGC] 1230." His micrometric position is very accurate.

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IC 1895 = ESO 481-001 = AM 0307-252 = MCG -04-08-033 = PGC 11807

03 09 36.2 -25 15 13; For

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 164°

24" (12/6/18): at 260x; almost moderately bright, fairly small, round, very small bright core with a 25"-30" halo. Two 12th magnitudes stars are nearby at 0.9' SW and 1.6' NW, with the stars oriented directly N-S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1895 = Sw. 11-52 on 8 Oct 1896 and reported "eeF; pS; 2 st in meridian [N-S] close p[receding]." His position is 4.5' too far south and 7 seconds of RA too far west, but the identification is certain based on his comment on the two nearby stars (12th magnitude). The declination was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", based on photographs taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa.

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IC 1897 = MCG -02-09-009 = PGC 11866

03 10 45.9 -10 47 46; Eri

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0

17.5" (12/28/94): faint, small, round, weak concentration. A mag 13 star is 1.5' S. Forms a pair with brighter NGC 1238 3.3' NE.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 1897 = Ho III-12 on 24 Jan 1900 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory. He noted "eF, vS; near [NGC] 1238" and his micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 1898 = UGCA 56 = ESO 481-002 = MCG -04-08-036 = PGC 11851

03 10 19.8 -22 24 17; Eri

V = 12.9; Size 3.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 73°

24" (12/6/18): at 124x and 260x; faint, fairly large, very thin edge-on,~1.5'x0.2', low surface brightness (partly due to its low elevation)

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1898 = D.S. 170 on an plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in 1899.

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IC 1899 = ESO 481-008 = MCG -04-08-041 = PGC 11930

03 12 13.1 -25 18 18; For

Size 1.3'x0.3'; PA = 162°

24" (12/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 35"x15", nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is 45" E of center. IC 1899 is the brightest in a small group (USGC S118) with 5 members at z = .021.

UGCA 61, located 21' NE, appeared faint, moderately large, elongated ~2:1 N-S or NNW-SSE,~50"x25", very low surface brightness, probably mostly viewed the brighter central section (bar).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1899 = Sw. 11-53 on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "eeF; S; R; 2 faint st near [south-preceding] point to it." His reported RA was 23 seconds too far west, but the identification is certain based on his comment on the two collinear stars to the southwest. The RA was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", based on photographs taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa.

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IC 1900 = MCG +06-08-007 = CGCG 525-013 = KTG 10A = PGC 12124

03 15 55.2 +37 09 15; Per

V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 92°

24" (2/5/13): brightest and first in the trio of IC galaxies. At 375x appeared fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus.

24" (1/12/13): brightest in a trio (KTG 10) with IC 1901 2.9' SSE and IC 1902 3.7' NE. At 375x appeared faint to fairly faint, very small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~20"x14", very small brighter nucleus. Located 2.9' ESE of a mag 11.3 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1900 = J. 3-973, along with IC 1901 and 1902, on 18 Jan 1898. He reported "F, nearly R, 30", gradually brighter in the middle, 14 mag stellar ncl."

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IC 1901 = MCG +06-08-008 = CGCG 525-014 = KTG 10B = PGC 12136

03 16 02.6 +37 06 45; Per

Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 164°

24" (2/5/13): second brightest in the KTG 10 trio (differing opinion than last month) with IC 1900 and IC 1902. At 375x appeared fairly faint, small, elongated 24"x15" N-S, sharply concentrated with a bright quasi-stellar nucleus and very faint extensions. Located 2.9' SSE of IC 1900 and 2.4' ENE of a mag 10.3 star.

24" (1/12/13): faintest member of the KTG 10 trio with IC 1900 2.9' NNW and IC 1902 4.4' NNE. At 375x appeared faint, very small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 15"x8" (core region viewed), brighter nucleus. The galaxy has a similar surface brightness as IC 1900, but is smaller. A 1.2' pair of mag 10.3/11 stars lies ~3' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1901 = J. 3-974, along with IC 1900 and 1902, on 18 Jan 1898. He reported "F, R, 20" to 30", similar to IC 1900."

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IC 1902 = CGCG 525-015 = KTG 10C = PGC 12150

03 16 12.4 +37 10 39; Per

Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 67°

24" (2/5/13): faintest in the KTG 10 trio with IC 1900 and IC 1901. At 375x appeared faint to fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter, contains a stellar nucleus. Located 3.7' NE of IC 1900.

24" (1/12/13): faint to fairly faint, very small, 15", moderately high even surface brightness except for a faint nearly stellar nucleus. Furthest northeast in the KTG 10 trio with IC 1900 and IC 1901.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1902 = J. 3-975, along with IC 1900 and 1901, on 18 Jan 1898.

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IC 1907 = NGC 1278 = UGC 2670 = MCG +07-07-065 = CGCG 540-105 = PGC 12438

03 19 54.1 +41 33 48; Per

V = 12.4; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2

See observing notes for NGC 1278.

24" (2/13/18): CGCG 540-101, which is misidentified as IC 1907 in RC3 and PGC, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1907 = Big. 375 on 22 Oct 1884 and reported it in his 4th Comptes Rendus list. His position matches NGC 1278, discovered by d'Arrest on 14 Feb 1863. See notes on NGC 1275 for more on the confusion of NGC 1275 and 1278.

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IC 1913 = ESO 357-016 = AM 0317-323 = MCG -05-0-027 = LGG 096-001 = PGC 12404

03 19 34.5 -32 27 54; For

V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x0.25'; PA = 149°

24" (11/23/19): at 260x; extremely faint, moderately large, thin ghostly streak NW-SE, ~60"x10". Only glimpsed with effort but repeatable in the same position and orientation. Collinear with mag 14.8 5' NW and mag 11.7 7' NW. IC 1913 is an outlying member of the Fornax I cluster, ~5° NW of the center of the cluster.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1913 = D.S. 178 in 1899 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station.

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IC 1919 = ESO 358-001 = AM 0324-330 = MCG -06-08-015 = LGG 096-002 = PGC 12825

03 26 02.2 -32 53 40; For

V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 84°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; either faint or fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~0.6'x0.5', nearly even surface brightness (fairly low). A mag 15 star is 1.6' SE. A mag 10 star is 5' NNW; this is the brightest and closest of 8 brighter stars scattered to the north.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1919 = Sw. 11-54 on 25 Nov 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; lE; 7 or 8 pB st[ars] n[orth] like letter V." His RA is 37 seconds too far west, but the distinctive star field verifies the identification. He first reported the object in his 5th discovery list at Lowe Observatory and his RA was off by 10 minutes (too small). Dreyer noted the discrepancy and queried if the RA was wrong in the IC2 (it wasn't, except for the 37 second error).

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IC 1943 = NGC 1411 = ESO 249-011 = MCG -07-08-004 = PGC 13429

03 38 44.9 -44 06 02; Hor

V = 11.3; Size 2.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 6°

See observing notes for NGC 1411.

Lewis Swift found IC 1943 = Sw. 11-55 on 3 Oct 1897 and recorded "pB, S, R". There is nothing near his position but Harold Corwin suggests Swift may have made a 10 minute error in RA. If so, then IC 1943 = NGC 1411. The dec matches and the description is appropriate. Swift made a similar error of 10 minutes in RA for four objects discovered on 1 Sep 1888; IC 895, IC 1028, IC 1045 and IC 511. See Corwin's notes for IC 1943.

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IC 1947 = ESO 200-030 = Rose 37 = PGC 13027

03 30 32.8 -50 20 19; Hor

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 131°

24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): IC 1947 is a faint companion to NGC 1356, located just 2.2' SW of the much brighter galaxy. At 260x it appeared faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~0.5'x0.25'. Forms the west vertex of a small triangle with a mag 12.7 star 1' NE and a mag 11.7 star 1.3' SSE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1947 = DS 206 from a plate taken on 14 Oct 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 1953 = UGCA 78 = ESO 548-038 = MCG -04-09-026 = LGG 097-021 = PGC 13184

03 33 41.9 -21 28 43; Eri

V = 11.7; Size 2.8'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 121°

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; moderately bright, large, slightly elongated, 1.5'-2' diameter, small brighter core seemed offset north of the center. At times a brighter "spine" or central bar was visible extending in a N-S orientation. The surface brightness was fairly low and irregular with a patchy appearance. This galaxy is situated just 9' N of 4.3 magnitude Tau 5 Eri and it helped to place the star outside the field.

ESO 548-036, 6.1' SSW, was fairly faint (quite easy), elongated 5:2 ~N-S, ~40"x16", small bright core. A mag 12.7 star is 1.4' N. This galaxy is situated just 6' NW of the mag 4.3 star!

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, very large, diffuse, oval WNW-ESE, weak concentration. Located 9' N of the bright star Tau 5 Eridani (V = 4.3) that detracts from viewing. Member of the NGC 1332 group?

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1953 = DS 213 from a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported "vF, cL, spir or ring neb." Based on photographs taken at the Helwan observatory in 1927-31, IC 1953 was described as "F, R, 2' dia, spiral with a pF ncl, vlE [bar] 160°, [spiral arms] showing condensations and absoprtion on the preceding side." ESO 548-040, 2.6' NW of IC 1953, was also reported as new.

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IC 1954 = ESO 200-036 = LGG 093-002 = PGC 13090

03 31 31.4 -51 54 17; Hor

V = 11.6; Size 3.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 66°

24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x this was a surprisingly bright and detailed IC galaxy that was missed by John Herschel! Appears elongated ~2:1 WSW-ENE, ~2.8'x1.4' with a broad concentration to a large, brighter core. With direct vision a small brighter nucleus was visible at the center. There was a strong impression of spiral structure with slightly enhanced arcs (probably portions of spiral arms) extending east of the core on the south side and west of the core on the north side (this is consistent with images of the galaxy).

Robert Innes discovered IC 1954 in 1898 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. His discovery position in MN, 59, p.339 is 12 seconds of RA too large. DeLisle Stewart also recorded this galaxy on a plate taken on 14 Oct 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru and called it a "Find S spiral"

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IC 1963 = IC 335 = ESO 358-026 = MCG -06-08-031 = LGG 094-008 = PGC 13277

03 35 31.0 -34 26 49; For

V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 84°

Lewis Swift found IC 1963 = Sw. 11-56 on 7 Sep 1897 (given as 27 Sep in his fourth discovery list from Lowe Observatory) and logged "pB; S; eeeE; a hair line 90°. See note." The note mentions "these [along with IC 2135] are the most interesting nebulae I have ever seen, especially No. 56 [IC 1963], which is a nebulous hair-line of one uniform size from end to end." His second position was 37 seconds of RA too far west, but the description matches IC 335, which Swift discovered 10 years earlier.

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IC 1967 = MCG +00-10-008 = CGCG 391-020 = WBL 103-003 = PGC 13382

03 37 47.7 +03 16 16; Tau

Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 60°

24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 30"x20". A mag 13 star is 0.7' SE of center. IC 338 lies 10' SSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1967 = J. 3-980 on 29 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.

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IC 1970 = ESO 249-007 = MCG -07-08-003 = AM 0334-440 = LGG 102-001 = PGC 13322

03 36 31.5 -43 57 25; Hor

V = 12.1; Size 3.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 75°

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, fairly large, thin edge-on ~5:1 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.4', with a slightly brighter, bulging core. Located 25' WNW of NGC 1411. Member of the NGC 1433 subgroup of the Dorado Group complex.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1970 = Sw. 11-57 on 17 Nov 1897 and recorded "eeeF; vS; eeE; a ray, 90°; B * following." His position is 7' too far west-southwest, but the identification is certain based on the description. Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. He measured an accurate position and described it as "eF, vS, eE at 75°."

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IC 1981 = NGC 1412 = ESO 482-029 = MCG -05-09-021 = PGC 13520

03 40 29.3 -26 51 44; For

V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 131°

17.5" (1/12/02): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated nearly 2:1 NW-SE, 1.3'x0.7', bright core. Situated in a group of three mag 11/12 stars with a mag 12 star 1.6' SE. Located 38' SE of NGC 1398 in northeast Fornax.

Lewis Swift found IC 1981 = Sw. 11-58 on 26 Dec 1897 at Echo Mountain in the San Gabriel mountains and recorded "eF, eS, lE, * close nf". His position is 37 seconds of RA west of ESO 482-029 = PGC 13520, though the identification is certain. The correct RA was reported in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus". This galaxy was probably discovered by John Herschel in 1835, but his position for NGC 1412 = h2574 was 40' too far north (either a recording or copying error). So, NGC 1412 = IC 1981, both with poor positions.

Both NGC 1412 and IC 1981 were reported as not found in 1935 at the Helwan observatory on plates taken in 1927-31 (Bulletin 38). ESO and MCG use only the IC designation but both designations are given in NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD. Included in my RNGC Corrections #6 and Corwin's notes.

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IC 1983 = NGC 1415 = ESO 482-033 = MCG -04-09-047 = PGC 13544

03 40 56.8 -22 33 50; Eri

V = 11.9; Size 3.5'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 148°

See observing notes for NGC 1415.

Lewis Swift found IC 1983 = Sw. 11-59 on 8 Oct 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and recorded "vF; pS; R; not [NGC] 1426." His position is 3.4' SE of NGC 1415, the most likely galaxy he picked up according to Harold Corwin. See his identification notes on IC 1983.

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IC 1985 = IC 348 = Cr 41 = OCL-409 = vdB 19 = LBN 758 = Ced 20

03 44 36 +32 10; Per

V = 7.3; Size 10'x10'

17.5" (12/16/95): IC 348 is an unusual object consisting of a scattered group of stars with associated nebulosity situated near a large dark cloud virtually devoid of stars. The cluster consists of 15 stars of varying magnitudes in a 6' group located 5'-10' S of Omicron = 38 Persei (V = 3.8). The brightest star in the group is mag 8.4 SAO 56680, which has two nearby companions and the group is clearly encased in a fairly bright reflection nebula, ~3' diameter. The star at the southwest end of the cluster is a nice close evenly matched double (∑437 = 9.8/10 at 11"). The immediate 50' low power field to the south is strangely devoid of almost all stars! (Barnard 3 and 4). Omicron also has a halo but this appears to be scattered light.

E.E. Barnard found IC 1985 on a plate taken 6 Dec 1893 at Lick Observatory. The IC position matches the brightest star in the IC 348 cluster. So, IC 1985 = IC 348.

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IC 1993 = ESO 358-065 = MCG -06-09-032 = AM 0345-335 = PGC 13840

03 47 04.8 -33 42 36; For

V = 11.7; Size 2.5'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 56°

18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, fairly large, low surface brightness glow with just a very weak concentration, slightly elongated ~N-S, roughly 2.0'x1.7'. Located just 1.5' ESE of mag 9.3 SAO 194528! This face-on spirial is an outlying member of the Fornax I cluster on the northeast side.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 1993 = Sw. 11-62 on 19 Nov 1897 and logged "eF; L; cE; 7 1/2m in contact; ee diff." In his Astronoical Journal list (15th object is the 5th discovery list from Lowe Observatory), Swift mentions the star "nearly obliterates it" and has a note "it seems strange, although in close contact if not partly superimposed on the star, that it was not found long ago. I think it would, could it be detached from the star, be quite an interesting one.

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IC 2002 = NGC 1474 = UGC 2898 = MCG +02-10-003 = CGCG 442-005 = PGC 14065

03 54 30.3 +10 42 24; Tau

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 0°

17.5" (2/11/96): faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter 15" core. A mag 13.5 star is just 1.0' N of center. Located 12' WSW of mag 9 SAO 93675.

This galaxy is identified as IC 2002 in UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 due to a poor declination by Marth. RNGC reverses the sign of the declination.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2002 = J. 3-983 on 21 Dec 1903 and described "Weak, elongated in the direction of the meridian [N-S], a star is north, very weakly condensed." His position matches UGC 2898 = PGC 14065. This galaxy was probably discovered by Albert Marth on 5 Oct 1864. His position for m 93 (later NGC 1474) is 8' S of this galaxy, but this is the only nearby galaxy he could have picked up. UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 only use the IC designation as the position is unambiguous, though online catalogues (NED, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD) equate NGC 1474 = IC 2002. In addition, PGC and RNGC reversed the sign of the declination of NGC 1474 (repeated in Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 and amateur software including Megastar). See my RNGC Corrections #6 and Corwin's notes.

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IC 2003 = PK 161-14.1 = PN G161.2-14.8

03 56 22.0 +33 52 30; Per

V = 11.6; Size 7"x6"

18" (2/4/08): easily swept up unfiltered at 115x as a vey small, blue-grey disc forming a close "double" with a mag 13.5 star just 18" SW. At 220x the star is well separated and the planetary appears a bit irregular with an occasional sparkle. Increasing the magnification to 325x, the appearance is definitely asymmetric with a fainter NW quadrant and an intermittent stellaring (superimposed star, knot, or the central star) to the SE of the geometric center. At 450x, the dimmer quadrant on the NW side appears to bulge out slightly and the brighter region, centered to the SE, extends in an arc from the NE to the SW. An occasional stellar sparkle was clearly visible, though it was difficult to pinpoint the location.

17.5" (3/1/03): easily picked up at 100x as a fuzzy blue-gray mag 11.5 star. Excellent view at 380x: bright, small, 10" diameter, irregularly round with an irregular surface brightness. There appears to be a knot (or offset central star?) on the SE side. A mag 13.7 star is just off the SW side [18" from center]. Located 3' SW of a wide mag 9.5/11 pair.

8" (12/4/80): moderately bright, very small, just non-stellar at 125x and a definite disc is visible at 220x. A wide double star is 3' NE (9.5/11 at 47" oriented NW-SE).

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 2003 on 18 Jan 1907 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector. He found it while searching for new double stars and estimated a diameter of 5". A couple of weeks later he measured a size of 6.9"x6.35" in PA 10.5°. This object is one of the final discoveries chronologically that made it into the IC II (Fleming found two new PN that year), and certainly the last visual discovery.

Annie Jump Cannon classified it as a planetary nebula in 1926.

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IC 2005 = CGCG 526-015 = PGC 14168

03 57 39.5 +36 47 15; Per

Size 0.35'x0.25'; PA = 47°

24" (1/1/16): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. With averted vision the halo increases slightly to 15". This galaxy shines through the northwest section of the California Nebula!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2005 = J. 3-084 on 18 Jan 1898. His position is accurate.

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IC 2006 = ESO 359-007 = MCG -06-09-037 = PGC 14077

03 54 28.5 -35 58 02; Eri

V = 11.3; Size 2.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 12.7

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round, 1.2' diameter, well concentrated with a bright core that increases to the center, fairly uniform halo. Mag 9.9 HD 24695 (very wide double) lies 5.4' SW. A mag 11.5 star is 2.7' ENE.

13.1" (1/18/85): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, diffuse but contains a very small brighter core, possible stellar nucleus. Located at the east edge of the Fornax I cluster.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2006 = Sw. 11-63 on 3 Oct 1897 and logged "pB; S; R; * near nf; double star sp." His RA is 24 seconds too small, but the identification is certain.

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IC 2007 = IC 2008 = ESO 419-011 = MCG -05-10-005 = PGC 14106 = PGC 14110

03 55 22.8 -28 09 30; Eri

V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 52°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.4', very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.2 star is at the NE tip. Located 33' SE of mag 7.0 HD 24661.

Lewis Swift found IC 2007 = Sw. 11-64 on 26 Dec 1897 and logged, "eF; S; R; faint * in contact north-following. There is nothing at his position but 37 seconds of RA to the east is IC 2008, which he discovered on 5 Oct 1896. Both description mention the star at the NE tip, so the identification IC 2008 = IC 2007 is certain.

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IC 2008 = IC 2007 = ESO 419-011 = MCG -05-10-005 = PGC 14106 = PGC 14110

03 55 22.8 -28 09 30; Eri

V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 52°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.4', very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.2 star is at the NE tip. Located 33' SE of mag 7.0 HD 24661.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2008 = Sw. 11-65 on 5 Oct 1896 and reported "eF; vS; eeeF; * v close north-following." His position was 5' too far southeast but the description matches. He found this galaxy again on 26 Dec 1897. His RA for Sw. 11-64 (later IC 2007) was 27 seconds too small, but the comment of the nearby star clinches the identification. So, IC 2008 = IC 2007.

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IC 2010 = ESO 117-011 = PGC 13995

03 51 58.0 -59 55 46; Ret

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 71°

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): picked up while viewing NGC 1463 located 43' WNW. At 220x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 0.8'x0.3', weak concentration.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2010 = DS 247 from a plate taken on 8 Dec 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, E 70°."

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IC 2026 = NGC 1509 = MCG -02-11-013 = Mrk 1079 = PGC 14393

04 03 55.2 -11 10 44; Eri

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9

17.5" (12/30/99): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. This is a very compact galaxy with a fairly high surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 1' E.

NGC 1509 = IC 2026 forms a close pair with MCG -02-11-012 = PGC 14389 just 1.2' W. At first I thought it was a very faint mag 15-15.5 star, but with extended viewing, a 15" knot was seen. This companion is often misidentified as IC 2026.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2026 = Big. 376 on 16 Dec 1897 while searching for NGC 1509. As Stone's rough position (to nearest minute of RA) is off by 4', Bigourdan misidentified a nearby star to the east-southeast as NGC 1509 and recorded the galaxy again as a "nova" (Big. 376). Howe reobserved the field in 1899-1900 and measured an accurate position for NGC 1509 but Dreyer didn't notice the equivalence IC 2026 = NGC 1509. IC 2026 is misidentified in MCG, PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD with MCG -02-11-012 = PGC 14389 just 1.2' W of NGC 1509.

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IC 2040 = ESO 359-030 = AM 0411-324 = MCG -05-11-004 = LGG 111-004 = PGC 14670 = PGC 14671

04 12 59.8 -32 33 12; Eri

V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 68°

24" (12/1/16): moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, fairly high surface brightness, contains a very small bright nucleus. Located 23' NE of NGC 1532 and member of the NGC 1532 group (LGG 111).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2040 = Sw. 11-67 on 23 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF; vS; R; resolv[ability] susp.; [NGC] 1531-2 in field." His RA is 40 seconds west of ESO 359-030, but there are no other galaxies nearby he might have picked up. He returned to the NGC 1531/1532 field 6 nights later and discovered IC 2041 a second time (the first observation is IC 2048). Knox-Shaw first suggested the equivalence of ESO 359-030 with IC 2040. He listed this galaxy in a table of new nebulae found between 1909-11 at the Helwan Observatory, but remarked that it was "possibly identical with [IC] 2040."

Arp-Madore (AM 0411-324) described this galaxy as a "High surface brightness irregular + peculiar absorption".

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IC 2041 = IC 2048 = ESO 359-028 = LGG 111-008 = PGC 14656

04 12 34.9 -32 49 03; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 136°

48" (10/22/11): picked up in the same field with the showpiece pair NGC 1531/1532. At 375x, IC 2041 appeared fairly bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, ~35"x24", small bright core. Located 6' WSW of mag 7.1 HD 26799 and ~7' NE of NGC 1532. Member of the NGC 1532 group (LGG 111)

Lewis Swift found IC 2041 = Sw. 11-68 on 29 Sep 1897 and recorded "eF; vS; R; 10m * close S." His position is 3.4' too far S. He originally discovered this galaxy on 10 Dec 1895 and called it "eeeF; eS; B * f; [NGC] 1532 p; 3 in field with D neb; ee dif." His position, though, was very poor, and both Swift and Dreyer assumed Sw. 11-69 was a different object. It's clear from the description, though, that IC 2048 = IC 2041.

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IC 2045 = MCG -02-11-027 = PGC 14722

04 14 36.0 -13 10 30; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 125°

24" (12/22/14): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, very small slightly brighter core. Brightest in a small group including IC 2047 5' ESE and Holmberg 73 (pair) 8' ESE. This galaxy is sometimes identified as NGC 1538.

17.5" (12/30/99): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated between a mag 10 star 3' NE and a mag 9 star 5.5' SW. IC 2047 lies 5' ESE, but was not picked up.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2045 = Ho III-14 on 20 Jan 1900 and recorded "eF, eS, almost stellar; near [NGC] 1538." His position matches MCG -02-11-027 = PGC 14722. RNGC and PGC label this galaxy as NGC 1538 (see that number).

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IC 2047 = NGC 1538 = LEDA 941480

04 14 56.1 -13 11 30; Eri

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 108°

24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round, 12" diameter (core only), very faint stellar nucleus. Holmberg 73 (double system) lies 3.3' SE and IC 2045 is 5.0' WNW.

Holm 73a = LEDA 3093623 appeared faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter (core). Forms a close pair with Holm 73b = LEDA 940994 45" NE. The companion is extremely to very faint, also just 6" diameter (core).

IC 2045 (identified as NGC 1538 in RNGC and PGC) appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, very small slightly brighter core. IC 2045 is the brightest in a small group including IC 2047 5' ESE and Holmberg 73 (pair) 8' ESE. With my 17.5" on 12/30/99, IC 2045 was logged as faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated between a mag 10 star 3' NE and a mag 9 star 5.5' SW.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2047 = Ho. III-15 on 20 Jan 1900 and reported "eF, eS, difficult; near [NGC 1538]." His position matches LEDA 941480. Howe assumed Holm 73a = LEDA 3093623 was NGC 1538 as it is the closest galaxy to Stone's (rough) position. But Harold Corwin, who examined Stone's sketch, states that IC 2047 is a better match with the sketch. This implies Stone missed IC 2045 (also found by Howe), which is the brightest of the galaxies in this field. So, we are left with three possible candidates for NGC 1538 and the identification is uncertain.

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IC 2048 = IC 2041 = ESO 359-028 = LGG 111-008 = PGC 14656

04 12 34.9 -32 49 03; Eri

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 136°

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2048 = Sw. 11-69 on 10 Dec 1895 and recorded "eeeF; eS; B * f; [NGC] 1532 p; 3 in field with D neb; ee dif[ficult]." There is nothing near his position (32' SE of NGC 1532) but his description is a perfect fit with IC 2041, which is ~7' NE of NGC 1532 and 6' WSW of mag 7.1 HD 26799. Swift's first discovery list from Mount Lowe in AJ gave the discovery date as 5 Oct 1896, with the correct date unknown. Swift found this galaxy again on 29 Sep 1897, measured a better position for Sw. 11-68 (later IC 2041), but assumed they were different nebulae. So, IC 2041 = IC 2048.

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IC 2051 = ESO 004-007 = AM 0358-835 = PGC 13999

03 52 00.8 -83 49 50; Men

V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 67°

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x appeared as a bright, large oval 5:3 WSW-ENE, 2.5'x1.4'. Contains a small, bright, slightly elongated core, ~20"x15". There was a strong impression of spiral structure at the ends of the halo [confirmed on the DSS]. A mag 10.9 star lies 2' W and 4' W is a striking trio of mag 11.5 to 13.5 stars.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2051 = DS 268 from a plate taken in Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!!vF, vS, stell N, ellipt ring neb."

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IC 2059 = ESO 420-017 = MCG -05-11-007 = PGC 14910

04 20 26.3 -31 43 28; Eri

V = 12.9; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 172°

24" (2/13/18): at 200x; moderately bright, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.35', strong concentration with a small bright core and occasional sharp stellar nucleus. At 282x; core is elongated and occasional starp stellar nucleus still seen. A mag 13.5 star is 0.9' S of center, just off the south end of the galaxy.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2059 = Sw. 11-70 on 29 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF; pL; R." There is nothing at or near his position but 16' S is this galaxy. This type of error is fairly common in Swift's last years and without any other reasonable candidates, the identification is fairly certain.

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IC 2063 = MCG -03-12-005 = PGC 908152

04 22 40.3 -15 39 38; Eri

Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 174°

17.5" (12/30/99): very faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, faint stellar nucleus at moments. A mag 15 star is just off the ESE edge [35" SE of center]. At moments a faint star seems superimposed, perhaps at the west edge [a mag 15.5 star is at the west edge 8" from center]. This galaxy is misidentified as NGC 1563 in MCG and RNGC.

17.5" (2/8/91): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated. A mag 15 star is off the SE edge. A wide equal mag 12 double star at 31" separation lies 4' W. Member of the NGC 1561 group with NGC 1564 8' SE.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2063 = Ho I-5 on 14 Jan 1898 and reported "eF, vS. Near NGC 1561-5." His position is accurate though RNGC and MCG misidentify this galaxy as NGC 1563.

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IC 2068 = ESO 303-017 = MCG -07-10-004 = PGC 15106

04 26 36.7 -42 05 37; Cae

V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 153°

18" (12/30/08): this galaxy was picked up first while I was sweeping the NGC 1585. At 175x it appeared faint, small, elongated NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.3', quasi-stellar nucleus. It's surprising that John Herschel missed this galaxy as it's only 11' NW of NGC 1585 and only slightly smaller and fainter. A mag 10 star lies 7.8' SE and along with two stars 1.8' and 3.9' NNW, this trio leads NW to this IC galaxy.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2068 = Sw. 11-71 on 9 or 10 Dec 1895 and recorded "eF; pL; R; 3 st like belt of Orion point to it; p of 2 [with NGC 1585]." His position is 5.4' too far northeast, but there are no other nearby candidates and the description fits (the stars are south-southeast). Slightly different dates are given in his first Lowe Observatory list and his large AN table.

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IC 2075 = NGC 1594 = MCG -01-12-014 = PGC 15348

04 30 51.6 -05 47 54; Eri

V = 13.0; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 100°

See observing notes for NGC 1594.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2075 = Big. 260 on 17 Jan 1895 while searching for NGC 1594. Swift's position is 17 seconds fo RA too large, so Bigourdan found nothing at his position, but recorded Big. 260 as new at the correct position. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 1594 in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Denver (repeated in the IC 2 notes), but Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence of NGC 1594 and IC 2075. MCG identifies this galaxy as IC 2075 only but other catalogues equate the numbers.

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IC 2077 = NGC 1593 = NGC 1608 = UGC 3082 = MCG +00-12-044 = CGCG 393-037 = PGC 15447

04 32 06.1 +00 34 02; Tau

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 130°

17.5" (2/11/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.6'. Contains a 30" brighter core with fainter extensions. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.8' N of center. Located 22' ESE of NGC 1587/88 pair.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2077 = J. 3-988 on 15 Jan 1898. His position matches UGC 3082 = PGC 15447. This galaxy was found both by Marth in 1863 (NGC 1593) and Lawrence Parsons in 1876 (NGC 1608) but both positions were poor. As a result Javelle and Dreyer assumed IC 2077 was a new object though NGC 1608 = NGC 1593 = IC 2077. UGC, MCG and CGCG label this galaxy as IC 2077 due to the poor NGC positions. See NGC 1608 and 1593 for more.

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IC 2087 = Ced 38 = LBN 813 = Barnard 14

04 40 00.0 +25 44 32; Tau

Size 4'

17.5" (12/26/00): this unusual yellow reflection nebula (also catalogued as Barnard 14) is embedded in Barnard 22 within the Taurus-Auriga molecular cloud, the nearest large stellar nursery at 450 light-years. At 100x (unfiltered), IC 2087 appears as a fairly faint direct vision object, moderately large, round, 3'-4' diameter. Fairly well defined although the edges fade into background. What is the striking is the location - only four brighter stars are visible in the 50' field with a complete lack of fainter stars down to mag 15! The surrounding field also shows evidence of very high obscuration (extinction about 5 visual magnitudes in the vicinity). Described by Barnard as a "very small, bright nebula, diameter 3"... "in the dark nebula B 22".

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2087 visually on 18 Jan 1892 with the 12-inch Lick refractor while observing a comet. He noted "the small nebula is excessively difficult". His photograph in "On a Nebulous Groundwork in the Constellation Taurus" (ApJ, 25, p218, 1907) reveals a long winding dark lane with a small nebulous region surrounding a couple of stars within the dark lane.

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IC 2098 = MCG -01-13-018 = FGC 509 = PGC 16144

04 50 44.3 -05 25 07; Eri

Size 2.3'x0.3'

18" (12/17/11): very faint, extremely thin edge-on, 1.2'x0.15', oriented WNW-ESE. Generally only the slightly brighter central region was visible, roughly 0.4'x0.15', but occasionally the very thin extensions popped out and the galaxy appeared as a ghostly slash. Viewed at 225x. Located 36' E of NGC 1665 and 32' W of mag 4.4 Omega Eridani.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2098 photographically on 17 Feb 1903 with a 20" reflector at his observatory in Sussex, UK.

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IC 2099 = MCG -01-13-019 = PGC 16146

04 50 52.1 -04 53 34; Eri

V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 135°

17.5" (2/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.5', broad concentration to slightly brighter core, thin extensions. Situated between two stars with a mag 12.5 star 1.3' SE and a mag 14.5 star 1.1' NNW.

17.5" (12/26/00): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.4', weak concentration. Nestled within a small asterism and 1.3' NW of a mag 12.5 star.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2099 photographically on 17 Feb 1903 with a 20" reflector at his observatory in Sussex, UK. Lewis Swift's position for NGC 1677 is 0.4 minutes of RA east and 6' north of IC 2099 and RNGC, PGC, HyperLeda and NED identify IC 2099 = NGC 1677. But Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1677 is a duplicate of NGC 1659, assuming Swift made a 5 min error in RA too far east. See NGC 1677 for more.

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IC 2102 = MCG -01-13-027 = LGG 123-001 = PGC 16197

04 51 55.3 -04 57 08; Eri

V = 14.4; Size 1.3'x1.3'

24" (12/12/17): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, broad concentration, small slightly brighter core/nucleus. Member of the NGC 1700 group (LGG 123).

Arp 180 = MCG -01-13-034 lies 24' ENE. It appeared fairly faint, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, roughly 30"x20", small brighter core but no nucleus. The tidal arm to the south was not seen.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2102 on a photograph taken on 17 Feb 1903 with his 20-inch reflector of the NGC 1665 region. His position is off the southwest side of the galaxy, but the identification is certain.

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IC 2104 = MCG -03-13-034 = PGC 16367

04 56 19.7 -15 47 51; Lep

Size 1.9'x1.2'

17.5" (12/26/00): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.5', low even surface brightness. Clouds compromised this observation.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2104, and found NGC 1730, on 6 Dec 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He described it as "F, moderate size, bM, elongated" and his position (offset from mag 8.4 HD 32077 near NGC 1730) is accurate. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 2105 = LMC-N77A = ESO 056-7 = HD 31351

04 49 26.4 -69 12 03; Dor

V = 12.8; Size 0.4'

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, small, round, compact, high surface brightness, 25" diameter. A mag 10.3 star lies just 0.6' NW of center. Located 5.5' SSE of cluster NGC 1698. The NGC 1727 complex (LMC-N79) lies ~17' SE. IC 2105 is the brightest knot in the LMC-N77 complex, mostly visible as very faint haze to the east.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2105 = HN 84 on Harvard objective-prism plates from Arequipa, Peru. It was included in a 1901 table "Objects having peculiar spectra" (ApJ, 14, 144-146), based on its emission spectra. Robert Innes, observing in 1926 with the 26.5-inch refractor at the Union Observatory, noted "20 arc second diameter, resolvable". He added about 15 seconds preceding [should read following] this is a small faint and nebulous patch." The nebulous patch is part of LMC-N77.

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IC 2106 = ESO SO 422-012 = MCG -05-12-011 = PGC 16373

04 56 33.9 -28 30 14; Cae

V = 13.0; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 56°

18" (1/21/04): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.7', fairly low surface brightness with a very weak concentration. Located 12' ENE of mag 8.1 SAO 169892. A wide pair of mag 12/14 stars at 30" separation is 5' E.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2106 on 25 Jan 1889. He described in his notebook "probably elongated N & S, not large, pF. 1' +/- N.f. 12m *. _ field following and 1' +/- N of 8 _ mag star." Lewis Swift found it again on 26 Dec 1897 and reported the discovery in list 11A (#73) as "eeeF; pL; components of D * 24s f point to it. His RA is about 35 seconds too small, but the description matches. Barnard never sent a discovery communication to Dreyer (this happened to several objects in 1889 including IC 454) and Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 2107 = NGC 1707

04 58 21.1 +08 14 19; Ori

Size 30"

See observing notes for NGC 1707.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2107 = Big. 381 on 25 Dec 1899 while searching for NGC 1707 and noted "cl, vF, vS, R". He couldn't find NGC 1707 at John Herschel's poor position (30 seconds of RA too large) and claimed it was new. So, this multiple star has both a NGC and IC designation! RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent.

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IC 2108 = NGC 1710 = MCG -03-13-037 = PGC 16396

04 57 17.0 -15 17 20; Lep

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 15°

See observing notes for NGC 1710.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2108 = Big. 271 on 9 Dec 1896 while searching for NGC 1710. Due to Leavenworth's rough position he misidentified a faint star as NGC 1710 and thought B. 271 (later IC 2108) was new. Corwin notes that Bigourdan realied the equivalence in his own large table of micrometric measurements. MCG labels the galaxy as IC 2108 and ignores the NGC designation. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 2111 = LMC-N79A = ESO 056-013 = H72.97-69.39 = MCELS L-25 = HD 31673

04 51 52.2 -69 23 31; Dor

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 187x; NGC 1722 is dominated by IC 2111 (N79A), a bright 15" knot with a stellar point (N79B) attached at its NE end. A mag 12 star lies ~0.5' SW of IC 2111, a mag 10.7 star (blue supergiant HD 268718) is 2' SSE and mag 8.5 HD 31722 is 3' ESE. There was an strong response to a NPB filter: high surface brightness IC 2111 brightened significantly, and the attached stellar knot (probably N79B) had an excellent filter response. In addition, a 30" diffuse patch of nebulosity was evident 1' S of IC 2111 and immediately SE of the mag 10.7 star.

18" (7/10/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this LMC emission nebula/cluster appeared as a very small, high surface brightness knot, ~12" diameter, embedded within NGC 1722. A mag 12 star (RMC 54F) lies ~0.5' SW, a mag 10.7 star (blue supergiant HD 268718) is 2' SSE and mag 8.5 HD 31722 is 3' ESE.

18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): embedded within NGC 1722 is a small, fairly bright knot just NE of a mag 11.8 star. At 128x and UHC filter, it appeared ~15" diameter and was described by Williamina Fleming as a "stellar planetary" based on an objective prism plate.

A 2017 preprint reports "the discovery of a massive embedded star forming complex spanning about 500 pc which manifests itself as a younger, embedded twin of 30 Doradus. Previously known as N79, this region has a star formation efficiency exceeding that of 30 Doradus by a factor of about 2 as measured over the past ~0.5 Myr. Moreover, at the heart of N79 lies the most luminous infrared (IR) compact source discovered with large-scale IR surveys of the LMC and Milky Way, possibly a precursor to the central SSC of 30 Doradus, R136." The listed position, 04 51 53.3 -69 23 29, is just immediately northeast of IC 2111, very close to the mag 12.5-13 "star" N79B.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2111 = HN 85 in 1901 on Harvard objective prism plates from Arequipa, Peru as part of the Draper Survey (HD 31673). She noted "Planetary, stellar". NGC 1722, the surrounding nebula, is plotted as an planetary nebula on the Skalnate Pleso "Atlas of the Heavens" as well as the Sky Atlas 2000.0

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IC 2113 = NGC 1730 = MCG -03-13-043 = PGC 16499

04 59 31.8 -15 49 25; Lep

V = 12.3; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 94°

See observing notes for NGC 1730.

E.E. Barnard found IC 2113 (discovery date unknown) at Lick Observatory. The discovery must have been communicated directly to Dreyer as it doesn't appear in any of his published papers, but his position corresponds with NGC 1730. As the NGC position is good, it's surprising that Dreyer missed the equivalence.

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IC 2114 = NGC 1748 = ESO 056-24 = LMC-N83B

04 54 26.0 -69 11 03; Dor

V = 12.3; Size 0.1'

See observing notes for NGC 1748.

Williamina Fleming found IC 2114 = Fleming 86 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station. Despite a very rough position, she likely picked up the bright knot on the east side of NGC 1748, which was discovered by John Herschel in 1836.

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IC 2115 = HD 32256

04 56 59.0 -66 24 38; Dor

V = 11.9

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): the identification of IC 2115 is uncertain but it may apply to either mag 11.9 HD 268721 or mag 12.9 PGMW 3223, a 17" pair on the eastern side of NGC 1763. The first "star" is actually an extremely compact clump of O-type stars. The richest part of the cluster (LH 10) is 1.5' WSW.

Some sources (including NED) identify mag 11 HD 268726 as IC 2115. This star is situated 45" W of HII knot LMC-N11A (probably IC 2116) and ~1.5' NE of the two stars mentioned above.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2115 = Fleming 98 = HD 32256 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The identification of IC 2115 is very uncertain as the published position is very poor - see Harold Corwin and Brian Skiff's thorough analysis.

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IC 2116 = LMC-N11A = HD 32340

04 57 16.2 -66 23 21; Dor

V = 12.4; Size 0.3'

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): LMC-N11A (probably IC 2116) is a bright, high surface brightness knot, ~15" diameter. It is located at or just beyond the northeast edge of the showpiece Bean Nebula (NGC 1763), roughly 3' NE of the center and certainly part of the same complex. A mag 11 star (HD 268726) lies 45" W.

N11A is a compact, discrete object called an HEB (High Excitation Blob). This class is distinguished by high excitation, small size, high density and tightly linked to early states of massive star formation. Examples include a similar object at the southeast edge of NGC 2083 (N159D), IC 2114 at the ESE edge of NGC 1748 (N83B), and an ionized blob at the north edge of NGC 2103 (N214C).

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2116 = Fleming 88 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The published position for this number, as well as IC 2215, is in error. See Harold Corwin's thorough analysis of this number.

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IC 2117 = LMC-N91A = HD 32364 = LH 12

04 57 14.4 -68 26 29; Dor

Size 1'

18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is the brightest knot of nebulosity involving the LMC cluster NGC 1770. It is situated about 2' S of HD 268804, the brightest mag 11.2 star in the cluster. The total size of the nebulosity was ~2' diameter and mostly visible on the south side of the cluster.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2117 = Fleming 89 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The emission spectrum was classified as type Pd in the Henry Draper catalogue (HD 32364).

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IC 2118 = LBN 959 = Ced 41 = LBN 959 = Witch-Head Nebula

05 04 54 -07 15; Eri

Size 180'x60'

13x80mm (1/15/07): first visual observation I've made of the Witch Head nebula. Using my 80mm finder at 13x (24mm Panoptic) unfiltered a very large, ill-defined glow (~30'-40') was visible between 1-1.5° south of Beta Eridani. This is the NE section of the Witch Head. With averted vision the glow brightened and stood out fairly well compared to the background sky brightness. This object was significantly fainter than Barnard's Loop but surprisingly was not a marginal observation or as difficult as expected. I couldn't follow the nebula further south with any certainty.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2118 on a plate taken on 16 Jan 1891 with a 4-inch Millet portrait lens (1 hr exposure). The discovery was announced in "The Great Nebula of Psi Eridani", MNRAS 65, 528 (1905). There is no reference to the "Witchhead" shape in the paper.

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IC 2119 = ESO 553-005 = MCG -03-13-073 = PGC 16759

05 06 50.9 -20 20 43; Lep

V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 53°

24" (2/13/18): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, ~35"x25", brighter core. A mag 14.6 star is 50" ESE of center. At 282x, the brighter core contains a stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. A very faint 16th mag star is 20" SW of the mag 14.6 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2119 = Sw. 11-74 on 30 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; bet 2 st; close to eeeF D*; eee diff." There is nothing at his position but 9' N is ESO 553-005. Howe was the first to make this identification in his review of Swift's IC objects (MN, Nov. 1900) and reported "Swift's declination is nearly 10' in error. He says "close to eeeF D*." The double is of mag 12.5 and 12.5, distance 90", and angle 210°. The nebula is near the northern one of the two stars." Herbert Howe's corrected position is accurate and was used in the IC 2 position, but Dreyer made a 10° error in the declination. Corwin also points out that Howe made an error in his comments about the double star, which is much closer to the southeast. Due to the IC error, this galaxy isn't labelled IC 2119 in many sources, including ESO, PGC and LEDA.

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IC 2121 = ESO 486-053 = PGC 17110

05 19 44.9 -25 03 52; Lep

V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20", very small brighter nucleus, only a very small halo was visible, though occasionally the galaxy elongated into a 2:1 ratio. Located 4.8' NE of mag 7.0. The star was distracting so the best view was by placing it outside the field.

AM 0517-250, a close double system, lies 2.5' SSE. The brighter northern component (ESO 486-053A = PGC 17114) appeared faint, small, round, 12" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2121 = Sw. 11-75 on 26 Dec 1897 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; 7m * 15s p[receding] obliterates it; eee diff." There is nothing at his position but 30 seconds of RA east and 1.5' N is ESO 486-053 and this galaxy matches his description of the nearby bright star 15 seconds of RA west. In his survey of NGC/IC objects at the turn of the century, Howe measured an accurate position (used in the IC) and gave a more accurate offset for the bright star. Swift might have found this galaxy again on 2 Feb 1889 while on a visit to Barnard at Lick Observatory. See IC 408 for that story.

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IC 2122 = ESO 362-014 = MCG -06-12-017 = AM 0517-370 = PGC 17081

05 19 01.4 -37 05 22; Col

V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 67°

24" (1/22/15): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low even surface brightness. Viewed at 13° elevation. Forms a pair with ESO 362-015 4.6' SE. IC 2122 is the brightest member of galaxy cluster ACO S521 at z = .015 (distance ~220 million l.y.) ESO 362-012, with a similar redshift, lies 23' W.

At the position of ESO 362-015 I found a 14th magnitude stellar object. At 375x; this "star" appeared to be a bright stellar nucleus (or possibly a superimposed star) surrounded by a very faint, very low surface brightness halo

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2122 = Sw. 11-76 on 19 Nov 1897 and recorded "pB; eS; R; 3 st in line nf." His position is 1.5' S of ESO 362-014, so this identification appears secure, though I'm surprised he would call this galaxy "pretty bright" and I don't see what three stars he had in mind. Swift's earlier 5th discovery list at Lowe Observatory in AJ gives the "3 st in line np", though I don't see any line of 3 stars northwest.

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IC 2123 = IC 412 = UGC 3298 = MCG +01-14-034 = CGCG 421-041 = VV 225b = VV 630 = WBL 114-002 = PGC 17180

05 21 56.7 +03 29 11; Ori

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°

See observing notes for IC 412.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2123 = IC 412 on 30 Oct 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch telescope of Lick Observatory. He noted "the nebulae are very small, roundish, mbM. Close south of a small star." His field sketch confirms the identification. Sherburne Burnham, who discovered nearby IC 414, also observed and measured the pair at Lick Observatory (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). Stephane Javelle rediscovered the pair on 12 Jan 1894 and IC 412 and IC 413 are credited to both Barnard and Javelle.

Barnard apparently later sent his original discovery to Dreyer, who assumed it was new and it assigned it as IC 2123. The IC description matches Barnard's notebook description from 1888. Dreyer apparently missed the nearly identical positions, but IC 413 = IC 2125.

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IC 2124 = IC 413 = UGC 3299 = MCG +01-14-035 = CGCG 421-042 = VV 225a = VV 630 = WBL 114-003 = PGC 17181

05 21 58.9 +03 28 56; Ori

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 135°

See observing notes for IC 413.

See notes for IC 412 = IC 2123.

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IC 2125 = ESO 487-008 = PGC 17238

05 24 28.1 -27 00 58; Lep

Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 126°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter. Seems to have a very low surface brightness outer halo with a diameter of 25"-30". A mag 14 star is 1.4' SE, a mag 9.8 star (very unequal pair) is 4' SE and a mag 13 star is 6.7' SE - all stars collinear with the galaxy. Located 25' SE of mag 6.5 HD 35386.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2125 = Sw. 11-77 on 26 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; vS; R; eee diff[icult]." His position is 2' too far northwest, close enough to secure the identification.

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IC 2126 = NGC 1935 = ESO 056-110 = LMC-N44B = LH 47 = S-L 417

05 21 58 -67 57 20; Dor

V = 11.2; Size 1.2'

See observing notes for NGC 1935.

Williamina Fleming found IC 2126 = Fleming 90 on a Harvard objective plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The IC position is just 5 seconds of RA west of NGC 1935, so the equivalence is certain. Similarly, IC 2127 = NGC 1936. The Hodge-Wright LMC Atlas labels this nebula as IC 2126 instead of NGC 1935 (same with NGC 1936 = IC 2127). James Dunlop discovered the complex and John Herschel recorded the individual components in 1834.

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IC 2127 = NGC 1936 = ESO 056-111 = LMC-N44C = LH 47

05 22 12.6 -67 58 32; Dor

V = 11.6; Size 1.1'

See observing notes for NGC 1936.

Williamina Fleming found IC 2127 = Fleming 91 on a Harvard objective plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The IC position is just 4 sec of RA west of NGC 1936, so the equivalence is certain. Similarly, IC 2126 = NGC 1935. The Hodge-Wright LMC Atlas labels this nebula as IC 2127 instead of NGC 1936 (same with NGC 1935 = IC 2126). James Dunlop discovered the complex, though John Herschel recorded the individual components in 1834.

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IC 2128 = LMC-N44D = BSDL 1449 = ESO 056-113 = S-L 429 = LH 49

05 22 44 -68 03 07; Dor

V = 11.1; Size 3'

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): Unfiltered, about a dozen stars are resolved (cluster S-L 429) over irregular hazy nebulosity, including 4 brighter stars mag 12.5-13 (two of these form a 15" pair). A mag 9.2 star (HD 35978), with an easy 15th mag companion, is just off the east side. Excellent contrast boost with a NPB filter; the nebulosity appeared extremely bright, very high surface brightness, irregular shape and internal structure. Quite striking!

N44K, ~2.5' W, appeared (using a NPB filter) fairly bright, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, brighter on the south edge.

N44H, located 3' N, appeared (unfiltered) surrounding a mag 14 star and a second much fainter star. Adding a NPB filter, the nebulosity appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. A mag 11.5 star is 1' SE.

N44E, located 4' NE, involves a mag 13 star along two mag 15+ stars. Adding a NPB filter boosts the visibility of the nebulosity and it appeared nearly fairly faint, roundish, ~30" diameter. A mag 13 star is close off the north edge.

N44L, just off the west side of N44E, was a very faint, small glow detached from N44E (using a NPB filter).

14" (4/7/16 - Coonabarabran, 145x): Using an NPB filter, a bright compact patch ~30" diameter was prominently visible just 1' SW of a mag 10 star (HD 35978). Much fainter nebulosity spreads out to 1.5'. Three mag 13-14.5 stars are involved without the filter and a few more are further northwest. A mag 9.2 star (HD 35862) is 4.2' W and a mag 11 star is 2.1' NNE. The IC 2128 nebula (N44D) is located at the southeast end of the NGC 1929-1936 complex (N44) and is part of association LH 49.

LHA 120-N 44H is a moderately bright but compact glow (~30" diameter) that is detached 2.3' N (part of the same complex). A star is involved unfiltered. The mag 10 star mentioned above is 1.1' ESE of this patch.

James Dunlop discovered IC 2128 = D 176 on 27 Oct 1826. He described it as "a small faint nebula. A small star near the following margin but not involved." His position is close off the SE side of IC 2128 and the the mag 9.7 star HD 35978 at the east end appears to secure the identification. John Herschel didn't record this object, although he observed the complex of nebulae to the north that includes NGC 1929, 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937 on several sweeps.

Solon Bailey rediscovered IC 2128 photographically in 1896 using a 1-inch Cooke lens at the Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was announced in the 1908 "Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae", Annals of Harvard Observatory, Vol 60, p199.

SIMBAD classifies IC 2128 as an HII (ionized) region only and the position is ~2' NNE of the brightest emission region.

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IC 2129 = IC 2130 = ESO 487-019 = MCG -04-14-002 = PGC 17402

05 31 50.5 -23 08 42; Lep

V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 103°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, ~35"x15", low surface brightness. Contains a slightly brighter elongated core or bar. Located 32' WNW of NGC 1979 in a large group.

Lewis Swift found IC 2129 = Sw. 11-78 on 1 Dec 1897 and wrote, "eeF; pS; R; 7m * near sf." There is nothing at his postion but 34 seconds of RA east and 5' S is IC 2130, discovered by Swift the previous year. As there is a brighter star 5' SE, this identification is nearly certain. Corwin notes changed the description in the IC (probably from correspondence with Swift) to read "*7 ssf", which is wrong -- the star is east-southeast.

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IC 2130 = IC 2129 = ESO 487-019 = MCG -04-14-002 = PGC 17402

05 31 50.5 -23 08 42; Lep

V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 103°

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2130 = Sw. 11-79 on 13 Oct 1896 and reported "eF; pL; R; 8m * near[north-following]." His position is 3' too far southwest and the brighter star (mag 9.9) is 5' ESE, not NE. He probably found this galaxy again in Dec 1897, but his position for Sw. 11-78 (later IC 2129) is off by 30 seconds of RA and 5' in declination.

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IC 2131 = IC 422 = MCG -03-15-001 = PGC 17409

05 32 18.6 -17 13 26; Lep

Size 0.95'x0.9'

See observing notes for IC 422.

Lewis Swift found IC 2131 = Sw. 11-80 on 16 Oct 1896 (just before departing on a several month trip to the east coast) and reported "pB, vS; R; bet 2 st p[receding] and f[ollowing]." There is nothing at his position, but when Dreyer catalogued Sw. 11-80 as IC 2131, the position was modified to the west edge of IC 422 (discovered by Javelle in 1893). Corwin notes that Swift apparently send Dreyer a better position, though the equivalence with IC 422 was not picked up. So IC 2131 = IC 426.

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IC 2132 = MCG -02-15-002 = PGC 17415

05 32 28.7 -13 55 38; Lep

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.7'; PA = 177°

24" (12/28/16): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.7'x0.25', broad concentration with a brighter nucleus. Located 9.5' NNW of NGC 1954 and first in a linear triplet (HDCE 361) along with NGC 1957.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2132 = Ho. I-6 on 22 Feb 1898. He noted "vF, S. Near NGC 1954 and 1957" and measured an accurate position.

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IC 2133 = NGC 1961 = Arp 184 = UGC 3334 = MCG +12-06-007 = CGCG 329-008 = LGG 132-002 = PGC 17625

05 42 04.4 +69 22 46; Cam

V = 11.0; Size 4.6'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 85°

See observing notes for NGC 1961.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2133 = Big. 385 on 22 Dec 1891. His position matches NGC 1961, which was discovered by William Herschel in 1788 but given an erroneous position. In the 1912 "Scientific Papers of William Herschel" Dreyer writes, "Caroline Herschel has used the place of the comparison star in Wollaston's Catalogue of 1790, which is very erroneous. Auwers assumed it to be B.A.C. 1985, hence his very erroneous polar distance. But it is = G. 1199 agreeing with two other stars, 42 and 43 Camelop. The place of the neb found from this coincides with that of I.C. 2133 = Bigourdan 385." So, NGC 1961 = IC 2133. See Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 2134 = ESO 033-019 = S-L 437

05 23 06.6 -75 26 49; Men

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'

18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): fairly faint LMC cluster, small, round, 24" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 12 star is 2.8' SE, mag 13.5 and 14 stars are 1.7' ENE and ESE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2134 = DS 301 from a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS."

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IC 2135 = IC 2136 = ESO 363-007 = MCG -06-13-004 = AM 0531-362 = PGC 17433

05 33 13.1 -36 23 59; Col

V = 12.5; Size 2.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 109°

17.5" (2/22/03): large, low surface brightness edge-on, elongated nearly 4:1 WNW-ESE, 1.5'x0.4'. Viewed at a very low elevation west of the meridian. A mag 9.7 star is 5.4' SW. Located 14' E of the scattered group NGC 1963.

Lewis Swift found IC 2135 = Sw. 11-81 on 22 Feb 1898 and logged "eeeF; eeS; eeeE; ee diff[icult]. See note." His RA is 35 seconds too small but the identification is certain. The note reads "Nos. 56 [IC 335 = IC 1963] and 81 [IC 2135]. These in one respect are the most interesting nebulae I have ever seen, especially No. 56, which is a nebulous hair-line of one uniform size from end to end. No. 81 at first sight seemed identical with it, but on a closer view the center seemed to have a very slight bulging in the middle." Swift included both IC 335 and IC 2135 in a short article on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy after his observing career was ended.

Swift first discovered the galaxy on 9 Dec 1895, calling Sw. 11-82 (later IC 2136) "eF; pS; eE; almost a ray; 1963 p." His position was 10° too far north, but IC 2136 = IC 2135. According to Harold Corwin, PGC and RC3 misidentify this galaxy as NGC 1963.

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IC 2136 = IC 2135 = ESO 363-007 = MCG -06-13-004 = AM 0531-362 = PGC 17433

05 33 13.1 -36 23 59; Col

V = 12.5; Size 2.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 109°

See observing notes for IC 2135.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2136 = Sw. 11-82 on 9 Dec 1895 and reported "eF; pS; eE; almost a ray; [NGC] 1963 p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin found Swift made a 10° error too far north (based on his comment on NGC 1963) and once corrected IC 2136 = IC 2135, found again by Swift on 22 Feb 1898.

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IC 2137 = IC 2138 = ESO 487-027 = PGC 17463

05 34 21.7 -23 32 00; Lep

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 88°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, ~45"x20", small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 8.5 star (HD 37002) is 2' E. Located 14' SSE of NGC 1979.

17.5" (12/3/88): faint, small, oval 3:2 E-W, even surface brightness. Located 2' W of mag 8.5 SAO 170570. NGC 1979 lies 14' NNW.

Lewis Swift found IC 2137 = Sw. 11-84 on 14 Feb 1898 and noted "eF; vS; R; 8m * f 10s; in field with 1979." His position was 12' too far north and falls much closer to NGC 1979, but his description matches IC 2138. This galaxy was discovered by Bigourdan on on 16 Dec 1887 and also found by Swift (Sw. 11-83) on 1 Dec 1897. See IC 2138 for more.

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IC 2138 = IC 2137 = ESO 487-027 = PGC 17463

05 34 21.7 -23 32 00; Lep

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 88°

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, ~45"x20", small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 8.5 star (HD 37002) is 2' E. Located 14' SSE of NGC 1979. Member of the NGC 1964 group.

17.5" (12/3/88): faint, small, oval 3:2 E-W, even surface brightness. Located 2' W of mag 8.5 SAO 170570. NGC 1979 lies 14' NNW.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2138 = Big. 384 = Sw. 11-83 on 16 Dec 1887. Lewis Swift independently found it again on 1 Dec 1897 and reported it as "eeF; S; R: 7m * close p; sf of [NGC] 1980." Swift correctly placed the bright star to the east in his 6th Lowe discovery list, though in both lists the nearby galaxy should read NGC 1979. Both Bigourdan and Swift are credited with the discovery in the IC.

Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Feb 1898, gave an accurate description for Sw. 11-84 (later IC 2137), but his position was 10' too far north. So, there were three "discoveries" of this galaxy with two IC designations.

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IC 2140 = ESO 033-24 = S-L 581

05 33 23 -75 22 35; Men

V = 13.5; Size 2.3'

18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): fairly faint LMC cluster, large soft glow, 1.5' diameter, slightly brighter core. The cluster exhibited some mottling and a few stars were resolved around the edges. A mag 14.3 star is just off the ENE edge, and fainter stars were glimpsed at the south and west edges. Located 8.6' SSE of a mag 8.1 star. IC 2146, another LMC cluster, lies 39' NNE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2140 = DS 302 on a plate taken 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, ? eS Cl."

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IC 2143 = ESO 554-034 = MCG -03-15-013 = LGG 134-001 = PGC 17810 = LEDA 864492

05 46 52.6 -18 43 35; Lep

V = 12.6; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 99°

24" (2/8/18): at 200x; moderately bright, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.4', bulges slightly near center, nearly even surface brightness. At 375x there appeared to be a central bar down the major axis and the halo was irregular or clumpy with a suggestion of spiral structure. A group of 4 mag 12-13 stars lies northeast.

ESO 554-038, 25' ENE, appeared fairly faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 45"x18", small bright nucleus. The extensions appears slightly "bend". Located 3' NE of a striking double (HJ 3799 = 9.2/9.4 at 3.8").

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2143 = Sw. 11-85 on 7 Oct 1897 and reported "eeF; pS; eE; 45°; triangle sf." His position is 2.6' due north of ESO 554-023. In his series of Monthly Notices observations (Nov. 1900), Howe comments, "The elongation is at 90°." and measured an accurate position. Also, the triangle of stars (sides 1.5', 1.7', 2') is northeast, not southeast as Swift stated.

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IC 2144

05 50 13.8 +23 52 19; Tau

Size 0.8'x0.5'

24" (3/21/20): Identified at 200x as a mag 12.8 star that seemed to be a bit "soft" compared to a similar star 0.8' N. A brighter mag 11.2 star is 2' NNW. With averted vision the central "star" puffed out a couple of arc seconds like a tiny non-stellar PN of high surface brightness. The non-stellar appearance was easily confirmed at 375x. There appeared to be a very low surface brightness halo surrounding the central star, perhaps 25" in diameter. Located in a rich Taurus star field.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2144 (date unknown). This is a reflection nebula surrounding a YSO, though it is misclassified as a galaxy in NED based on its inclusion in some galaxy surveys in the ZOA.

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IC 2145 = NGC 2086 = ESO 057-018 = LMC-N160C

05 40 24 -69 40 14; Dor

V = 12.0; Size 0.7'

See observing notes for NGC 2086.

Williamina Fleming discovered the emission spectrum of IC 2145 = HN 92 = HD 38540 in 1901 on a Harvard objective-prism plate taken at the Arequipa station in Peru. It was listed as a new emission nebula in Harvard Circular 60.

John Herschel discovered this object (NGC 2086) in Dec 1834 and logged it as "B, pS, R, little brighter middle, follows a star 10m with other small stars about it. Not observed in sweeping, but laid down in the drawing of Dec 4, 1837, whence its place is derived from the drawing fig 4, Pl III ." Herschel's position and sketch clearly shows that NGC 2086 follows the mag 10 star and corresponds with a nebulous patch 12 seconds of RA following the bright star. As Fleming didn't identify her object as NGC 2086, Dreyer catalogued it a second time as IC 2145.

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IC 2146 = ESO 033-026 = S-L 632

05 37 47 -74 47 00; Men

V = 12.4; Size 2.6'

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, large, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, ~1.5'x1.0', irregular surface brightness, mottled. Slightly brighter middle but no distinct core. A mag 13 star is at the NNW edge. A few faint stars (mag 15+) were resolved on the south side.

S-L 620, located 23' NNW, appeared fairly faint, large, round, diffuse or fluffy appearance, at least 1.2' diameter, slightly irregular surface brightness but no visible core. Located 10' SSE of mag 9.1 HD 38151.

18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): at 139x this outlying LMC cluster appeared as a large, fairly faint to moderately bright glow, 1.3' diameter, round, mottled. The surface brightness is relatively low and there was only a slightly brighter core. One or two mag 15 stars were resolved at the SE edge. A mag 13-13.5 field star is at the NNW edge. At 236x, the surface is very mottled with a few interior stars popping in and out of view, suggesting it was on the verge of more resolution. Located 6' SE of mag 8.0 HD 38331. IC 2140, another LMC cluster, is 39' SSW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2146 = DS 304 from a plate taken 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "Cl, vF, bet 2 st."

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IC 2147 = ESO 424-013 = MCG -05-14-013 = PGC 17662

05 43 28.1 -30 29 42; Col

V = 12.7; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 90°

18" (12/22/11): very faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness, no details. I starhopped to this galaxy from NGC 2049, located 25' N. Mag 6.2 HD 38138 lies 16' WSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2147 = Sw. 11-86 on 30 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; F * np; several B st sf; 3 st curved." There is nothing at his position or in the region that matches his description. But Harold Corwin found that ESO 424-013, located 4 min 20 seconds of RA west, matches the description close enough to make this identification very likely. The bright stars south following are there, though his comment about a "F * np" is incorrect or he confused the orientation. No other modern sources label ESO 424-013 as IC 2147. The discovery date was given as 3 Nov 1897 in his combined 11th list in AN, though the later date, given in his 6th discovery list at Lowe Observatory, is more likely. See Corwin's identification notes for more.

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IC 2148 = ESO 033-028 = S-L 642

05 39 12.2 -75 33 48; Men

V = 14.2; Size 1.1'

18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): IC 2148 is a very faint outlying LMC cluster situated 25' SE of IC 2140 and 9.5' SE of mag 8.2 HD 38473. It appeared fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2148 = DS 305 on a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, bM." NED classifies this cluster as a globular.

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IC 2149 = PK 166+10.1 = PN G166.1+10.4

05 56 23.9 +46 06 17; Aur

V = 10.6; Size 15"x10"

18" (2/14/10): easily picked up at 175x as a fuzzy bluish "star, typical of high surface brightness compact planetaries. At 450x, the bright mag 11.6 central star is encased in a high surface brightness, elongated halo, extending ~14"x8" E-W. The following end is a bit tapered and the halo on this side appeared brighter with the impression of a very tiny embedded knot. At 568x (8mm Ethos + 2x Powermate), a virtually stellar knot was definitely visible just a few arc seconds following the central star within the halo. Images confirm this ionized knot or FLIER.

17.5" (9/14/85): at 250x the bright central star is easily visible within a bright, small, high surface brightness oval elongated 3:2 ~E-W. Located 38' NW of mag 4.2 π Aur.

17.5" (1/31/87): similar view as last observation but I noticed a slight bluish color.

8" (12/79): appears as a fuzzy blue "star at 100x. Very small and slightly elongated SW-NE at 222x.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2149 = HN 105 in 1906 on a Harvard objective prism plate (Harvard Circular 111).

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 2149 as,"nucleus slightly elongated and about mag 12, but actual central star may be fainter. Central portion an oval of very bright matter with two fainter ansae showing indistinct traces of ring structure; this 12"x6" in pa 75°. Still fainter matters forms an irregular oblong outside of this, 15"x10", and on the eastern end a very faint cone-shaped ansa extends 5" farther."

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IC 2151 = ESO 555-008 = MCG -03-15-024 = PGC 18040

05 52 36.4 -17 47 14; Lep

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 99°

17.5" (3/8/97): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with brighter IC 438 7.7' SE. Located just west of a line drawn through a 1' pair of mag 10-11 stars 5'-6' SSE.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2151 = Ho. III-17 on 22 Jan 1900 while observing IC 438 and logged "eF, pS; near [IC] 438." His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 2152 = ESO 488-047 = AM 0555-231 = MCG -04-15-001 = PGC 18148

05 57 53.4 -23 10 51; Lep

V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 54°

24" (1/1/16): at 225x; moderately bright and large, round, 0.7' diameter, well concentrated with a small bright core. A group of 4 brighter star lies 6'-7' E, including mag 9.3 HD 40517 7.5' SE. Located 18' ENE of mag 6.4 HD 40235.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2152 = Sw. 11-89 on 1 Dec 1897 and recorded "pB; pS; R; in vacancy; several B * f." There is nothing at his position but 43 seconds of RA due east is ESO 488-047 and his description matches. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC2.

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IC 2153 = ESO 364-22 = AM 0558-335 = PGC 18212 = PGC 18213

06 00 04.8 -33 55 09; Col

V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 69°

18" (2/5/11): very faint, very small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 20"x14". A wide pair of mag 13/14 stars lie 1.5' SSE. Located 15' W of mag 5.5 HD 41047 and 13' SE of mag 8 HD 40719. This is a very close interacting, double system but it appeared unresolved.

IC 2153 is located near the solar antapex point in the sky (directly opposite the apparent direction the solar system is moving towards in the sky).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2153 = DS 306 on a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, susp."

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IC 2154 = NGC 2139 = ESO 488-054 = MCG -04-15-005 = PGC 18258

06 01 07.9 -23 40 25; Lep

V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°

See observing notes for NGC 2139.

Lewis Swift found IC 2154 = Sw. 11-90 on 1 Dec 1897 and recorded, "pB; L; R; bet * nf and a wide D * np". His position is 3.4' WSW of NGC 2139 and the description applies, although the "* nf" is probably a mag 10 star southeast. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1784 but there was a problem with the observation and he noted "The RA cannot be above 10 or 15 sec out; the roller went off the apparatus which occasions the uncertainty." In the 1912 revision of WH's catalogues, Dreyer comments that once a correction is made to WH's position (based on another star in the sweep), NGC 2139 matches IC 2154.

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IC 2156

06 04 51 +24 09 36; Gem

17.5" (3/8/97): unimpressive scattered group of ~12-15 stars in a 6' diameter. Eight of these stars are arranged in a 6' arc open to the west and NW including a nice double and a small group of stars lies inside the SW side of this arc. This grouping does not stand out as a cluster and is located just 7' N of IC 2157. Visually it appears to be a random grouping though it may be a detached part of IC 2157.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 2156, along with IC 2157, visually on 11 Jan 1899 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector.

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IC 2157 = Cr 80 = Tr 4 = OCL-465

06 04 50 +24 03 24; Gem

V = 8.4; Size 7'

17.5" (3/8/97): at 220x, ~30 stars are visible in a 6' group, including a half-dozen brighter mag 10.5-12 stars. The densest portion is ~4' diameter tapering to the NW and appears fairly rich with averted (over resolved haze). The east end of group is formed by a 5' arc of mag 10-12 stars concave to the NW. Forms a pair with the IC 2156 group 6' N (possibly part of IC 2157). Located ~35' W of NGC 2158 (off the SE side of M35).

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 2157, along with IC 2156, visually on 11 Jan 1899 with his 17.3-inch reflector at his private observatory in Durham, England.

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IC 2158 = ESO 425-007 = MCG -05-15-004 = PGC 18388

06 05 17.9 -27 51 24; Col

V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 90°

17.5" (12/22/97): fairly faint, fairly small, 1.0'x0.7', elongated NW-SE, very weak concentration. Unusual appearance with a mag 11.5-12 star attached at the SE end (30" from center). The galaxy "hangs" from the star spreading out towards the NW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2158 = Sw. 11-91 on 1 Dec 1897 and noted "vF; pS; lE; * in contact nf; north end like a brush." Swift added a note on its singular appearance with "one side expanding like a brush." His RA was 16 seconds too small although his description applies to ESO 425-007, though the star in contact is south-following. Herbert Howe's position, given in MN LX, p132, is accurate.

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IC 2159 = Ced 67b = Sh 2-252

06 09 54 +20 24; Ori

17.5" (1/16/02): southern part of NGC 2174-2175. At 64x and OIII filter, this is a beautiful, detailed nebulosity surrounding a mag 8 star (SAO 78049), extending at least 20' diameter. The OIII filter gives a dramatic contrast gain. With averted vision and careful viewing, the outer borders extend to ~25'. Structure includes interior streaky dark lanes visible to the west of the star. The rim is slightly brighter or has a higher contrast to the western edge but slightly more nebulosity is visible on the following side of the star.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2159 = Big. 386 on 11 Feb 1890. His position is southeast of the central region of NGC 2175.

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IC 2161 = ESO 033-035 = S-L 802

05 57 25.5 -75 08 24; Men

V = 14.2; Size 1.5'

25" (4/6/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, diffuse with a low surface brightness, halo fades into the background, ~45" diameter. A few very faint stars were resolved around the edges as well as a mag 14 star off the SW side. Located 6' WNW of a mag 8.5 star.

A brighter group of stars including a mag 10.3 star and two mag 10.6 stars are within 5' to the north, making it very easy to pinpoint the location of IC 2161. NGC 2203 lies 33' SE and NGC 2190 is 28' NNE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2161 = DS 309 on a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, bM, susp."

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IC 2162 = Ced 72 = Sh 2-255 = LBN 859

06 13 04 +17 58 42; Ori

Size 3'

24" (2/5/13): IC 2162 = Sh 2-255 is the brightest and easternmost of four round low-excitation emission glows with Sh 2-257 and Sh 2-254 lined up roughly to the west. Using 125x (21mm Ethos) and H-beta filter, it appeared as a moderately bright, round glow, ~3.5' diameter, surrounding the mag 11.6 exciting star. Sh 2-257 lies 5' W, and is a similar size, but surrounds several stars and has a lower surface brightness. Sh 2-256 is a very faint detached glow off the SW side.

17.5" (3/2/02): at 100x unfiltered, IC 2162 was visible as the following of two faint, round glows surrounding mag 10.5-11 stars. IC 2162 = Sh 2-255 is the brighter and larger of the pair, nearly 4' in diameter and quite symmetric. Just under 5' due west is a separate 3' fainter glow (Sh 2-257). This pair of low excitation emission knots is situated midway between two mag 6 stars with a 50' separation near the edge of the 20mm Nagler field. Close southwest of Sh 2-257 is a very faint patch of nebulosity, Sh 2-256, but this was not seen visually, nor was the larger HII region Sh 2-254, a low surface brightness glow to the west (11' diameter).

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2162 visually on 30 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He first logged in his notebook "Found a v. difficult neb close f and involving a 10m star." He added the comments "vF neb, pL, roundish, densest part following the 10m star." His field sketch and approximate offset from mag 5.9 HD 42954 pins down the identification with Sh 2-255 (eastern of a pair of faint HII glows). Barnard notified Dreyer directly of the discovery.

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IC 2163 = ESO 556-009 = MCG -04-15-021 = UGCA 125 = PGC 18751

06 16 28.0 -21 22 33; CMa

V = 11.9; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 98°

48" (2/20/12 and 2/28/19): IC 2163 was stunning at 488x, attached at the east side of NGC 2207. The central region is very bright, round, ~1' diameter, small bright core. A prominent spiral arms is attached on the southwest side and sweeps gracefully to the east, curving gently clockwise. The arm is ~1.5' long and significantly increased the overall size to roughly 2'x1'.

Just NE off the tip of the eastern arm is 2MASX J06163579-2122032, which appeared as a faint, very small knot. Although this galaxy does not have a measured redshift, an HST study of NGC 2207/IC2163 (2001AJ....121..182E) found several apparent old globular clusters in its outer regions suggesting it's a dwarf elliptical galaxy at the same distance as IC 2163.

18" (2/5/11): forms the eastern component of an impressive interacting pair with NGC 2207. At 225x, IC 2163 is an elongated glow embedded on the east side of the halo of the brighter galaxy. IC 2163 appears fairly faint, moderately large, oval E-W, 1.0'x0.7', weakly concentrated.

13.1" (1/28/84): this is a colliding system with NGC 2207. A double nucleus is visible and an extension just seen to the east is probably IC 2163.

Joseph Turner discovered IC 2163 on 18 Dec 1878 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope during an observation of NGC 2207. He wrote, "It appears to consist of two nebulae" and his sketch clearly shows IC 2163 elongated E-W as a separate object to the east. He noted "the preceding one [NGC 2207] seems to have three distinct nuclei or perhaps three small stars as represented above [in sketch]." The discovery is on page 196 of his logbook, but was not included in the unpublished list of 6 new nebulae written in at the end of his logbook, as it was probably considered part of NGC 2207.

Pietro Baracchi also sketched the pair on 4 Jan 1886 with the Melbourne scope. He shows IC 2163 as very extended E-W, indicating the spiral arms was seen extending east.

Herbert Howe rediscovered IC 2163 = Ho I-7 on 11 Feb 1898 with the 20-inch Clark refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "eF, pS, follows NGC 2207 [by] 7 seconds." Howe is credited with the discovery in the IC. The IC2 Notes mentions "binuclear, surrounded by faint trace of ring". This comment is based on a plate taken by DeLisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa station (date unknown).

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IC 2164 = ESO 034-005 = AM 0608-752 = PGC 18424

06 06 52.3 -75 21 53; Men

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 122°

14" (4/3/16 - Coonabarabran, 178x): faint, small, round, 30" diameter, fairly low surface brightness, no concentration. A mag 14 star is 1' SE. NGC 2203, an LMC cluster, lies just 9' SW. At a redshift of z = .037, IC 2164 resides at a distance of ~500 million l.y., which is 3000 times more distant than the LMC.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 2164 = DS 310 on a plate taken 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted, "eF, eeS, R, stell N."

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IC 2165 = PK 221-12.1 = PN G221.3-12.3

06 21 42.7 -12 59 14; CMa

V = 10.6; Size 9"x8"

17.5" (12/28/00): at 220x appears as a bright, compact, high surface brightness disc with a bluish color. Crisp-edged at 380x and slightly elongated but no central star seen (mag 17.9).

13.1" (1/11/86): at 88x appears bright, very small, just non-stellar, slightly bluish color. Takes 360x and appears slightly elongated E-W. No central star visible, fuzzy edges to the bright oval disc. Located 38' W of ∑903 = 6.1/10.8 at 23".

8" (12/6/80): stellar at low power. Definite disc seen at 220x, bluish, slightly elongated.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2165 = Fleming 79 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1898 with the Bache 8-inch telescope (Harvard Circular 32).

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 2165 as "a minute oval disk 9"x7" in pa 81°. The disc of of nearly equal brightness throughout, but with just a trace of ring structure, and shows slightly brighter along the major axis."

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IC 2166 = UGC 3463 = MCG +10-10-001 = PGC 19064

06 26 55.8 +59 04 48; Lyn

V = 12.4; Size 3.0'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 115°

17.5" (3/8/97): fairly faint, diffuse glow with little concentration, although appears asymmetric. Moderately large, 2.0'x1.2', elongated NW-SE. Possibly up to 2.5' major axis with averted vision. A mag 13.5 star is at the west edge. An easy mag 10/12 pair [at 24" separation] lies 3' E. A 50" string of three mag 13 stars 4' NW is collinear with the galaxy.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 2166 on 6 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "After visitors left found a new nebula. 1' following faint star, 3' preceding a double (1.5" or 2"). A small star following the double." He made a rough sketch in his notebook. His RA was 5 minutes too large, but the description and sketch clearly apply to UGC 3463.

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IC 2167 = IC 446 = LBN 898 = Ced 77

06 31 07 +10 27 18; Mon

Size 5'x4'

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 2167 = IC 446, along with IC 2169, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "a 9 1/2 mag star with largish faint nebula, a little heavier following."

He later found it again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Based on this discovery note, Dreyer catalogued it as IC 446. Barnard states, though, he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweep over this region..I also found a 10 mag nebulous star about half a degree north preceding 2245." His position in this paper is accurate. Apparently Barnard also sent Dreyer his original visual discovery, so IC 2167 is based on his earlier visual discovery. This object is a bi-polar reflection nebula. Listed in article on bi-polar nebulae by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12.

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IC 2169 = IC 447 = LBN 903 = Ced 78 = vdB 76 = vdB 77 = vdB 78

06 31 12 +09 54; Mon

Size 25'x20'

IC 2169 is located two degrees due west of the Christmas Tree cluster and the whole region of bright and dark nebulosity is part of the same molecular cloud complex Mon OB1.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 447 = IC 2169, along with IC 446 = IC 2167, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "1 radius of 80x field [21'] south and 1 radius [21'] preceding the 7 1/2' m star [NGC 2245] is a large nebulosity, faint, that involves several 9 or 9 1/2 mag star. Nearly 1/2° in size, irregular(?)". His offset lands in the southern part of the nebula, though clearly he was referring to the entire portion. He picked it up again on 26 Feb 1889 and logged "22' S and 22' p. the neb NGC 2245 is a vL neby, with some bright stars in it. It is extended N & S nearly, 15 x 12' +/- diam. There are 3 or 4 9th and 10th mag stars in a curve seemingly connected with it."

Barnard found this reflection nebula again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard stated he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweeping over this region, I found a very large, weak, diffused nebulosity some half a degree south of the nebula NGC 2245. This was mixed up with several considerable stars." His earlier visual discovery was not published but apparently he sent it later to Dreyer, so it was catalogued again as IC 2169.

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IC 2172 = NGC 2282 = vdB 85 = OCL 535.1 = C0644+013 = Ced 87

06 46 51 +01 18 54; Mon

Size 3'x3'

See observing notes for NGC 2282.

E.E. Barnard found IC 2172 on 30 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted a "9 1/2 mag star with faint nebulosity about it. 1' in diameter, a little heavier nf. Examined several other stars near, and no nebulosity seen." His position corresponds with NGC 2282, discovered by Barnard himself on 3 Mar 1886 with the 6-inch refractor at Vanderbilt University (announced in AN 2756 and Sidereal Messenger, vol. 5, p154). He reported finding "a star of 9.5 or 10 magnitiude, with a faint nebulosity surrounding it. I strongly suspect that is not a stellar point but an extremely small nebula with faint nebulosity surrounding. At best with the 6-inch it did not appear like any of the neighboring stars. A short distance (4' or 5') preceding this and very slightly north is a faint double star that I suspect is enveloped in nebulosity." His position matches the central star HD 289120 of this reflection nebula. Neither Barnard nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence of NGC 2282 and IC 2172.

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IC 2174 = UGC 3666 = MCG +13-06-002 = PGC 20252

07 09 06.0 +75 21 11; Cam

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2

17.5" (8/27/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, weak concentration. Located 5.7' WNW of NGC 2314.

17.5" (2/22/87): faint, small, round, diffuse glow, even surface brightness, visible with direct vision. Picked up 6' W of NGC 2314.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2174 = Big. 264 on 24 Dec 1891 with the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory. His position is accurate.

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IC 2177 = LBN 1027 = Sh 2-296 = Gum 2 = RCW 1 = Ced 89c = Eagle Nebula = Seagull Nebula

07 05 06 -10 42; Mon

Size 120'x40'

13x80mm (1/17/09): excellent view using of the Seagull Nebula using the 80mm finder with a 24mm Panoptic and a NPB filter. This long sinuous river of nebulosity winds for approximately two degrees ~N-S beginning just south of open cluster NGC 2335 and curving to the west of a 4' pair of mag 5.4/7.7 stars, midway along its length. The south end is skewed and curves towards the SE. The nebula is brighter along a central filament, particularly near the midway point and a dark notch intrudes on the west side just south. Although the 18" at 73x and UHC filter added more detail and structure only half of the entire Seagull could be viewed in one field.

13.1" (1/19/85): at 62x and UHC filter appears as a very large, very elongated strip of nebulosity. At the north end is the open cluster NGC 2335 within Monoceros. The southern portion is difficult to trace; it crosses into Canis Major and ends at an easily visible reflection nebula = Ced 90 surrounding a mag 8 star. Also includes nebula NGC 2327 midway along the length. This emission/reflection nebula is referred to as the Eagle or Seagull Nebula.

17.5" (2/2/02): On the NW side is a circular nebulosity (the head of the Seagull) catalogued as Gum 1 = vdB 93 = Sh 2-292. At 100x it appeared as a very large, circular glow perhaps 15' in diameter of low surface brightness surrounding mag 7.1 V750 Mon with vague hints of structure. The OIII filter gave only a very weak enhancement, but the H-beta filter noticeably improved the contrast at low power. This combination HII/reflection nebula is situated off the NW end of the huge winding IC 2177 strip that extends mostly to the south, and is a wonderfully rich region of the Milky Way with a number of clusters and star groups in the vicinity.

Off the south side is the smaller nebula Ced 90. At 64x it appeared as a faint, round, 3' haze surrounding a mag 8.5 star. Two mag 10.5 stars are collinear off the east side, 2.5' and 3.3' from the center and several mag 12 stars are involved at the south edge. The H-beta filter noticeably improves the contrast and makes the nebulosity a moderately bright, direct-vision object. With averted vision the glow increases to 4'-5' in diameter with some very faint haze extending east. The star density drops off immediately to the west, except for a few stars. Ced 90 is located at the extreme southern tip of the 2.5 degree giant emission nebula IC 2177, which extends north into Monoceros. This is one of a select group of low-excitation nebulae that can be added to the list of H-beta objects.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2177 photographically in 1898 surrounding mag 7.3 BD-10 1848. His position (for the mag 7 star) and dimensions of 13' corresponds with the position of vdB 93 = Gum 1 = Sh 2-292, *not* the 2° N-S strip of nebulosity that is commonly identified as IC 2177 in modern catalogues! The often photographed strip was discovered by Max Wolf in 1905. See Corwin's comments for the full story!

It was also found on a photograph taken on 1 Apr 1911 by Harry Wood at the Transvaal (Union) Observatory with the 10-inch Franklin-Adams camera. Woods described it as a "large faint straggling region, about 2 1/2° long." He added "BD -10° 1848 is involved in a bright patch of nebulosity, in which there are two large holes on the S side of the star." This description refers to Gum 1 (photographed by Roberts). He also noted "BD -12° 1771 is a nebulous star with an extension of the nebulosity on the Nf side; it looks like a comet." This description refers to Sh 2-297 at the southern end of the region.

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IC 2179 = UGC 3750 = MCG +11-09-038a = PGC 20516

07 15 32.4 +64 55 34; Cam

V = 12.4; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.6

13.1" (1/11/86): fairly faint, small, almost round, brighter center. Located 1.4' E of a mag 10 star. Forms a pair with NGC 2347 13' S.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2179 = Big. 267 on 24 Feb 1894. According to Corwin, Bigourdan misidentified his offset star so his position in Comptes Rendus is incorrect. But either Dreyer or Bigourdan caught the error as the IC position is just 1' N of UGC 3750. All modern catalogues identify this galaxy as IC 2179, but Malcolm Thomson feels that IC 2179 is a duplicate of NGC 2347 based on Bigourdan's published position. See Malcolm Thomson's IC Corrections and Harold Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 2184 = UGC 3852 = VV 644 = MCG +12-07-041 = CGCG 330-039 = VII Zw 156 = Mrk 8 = PGC 21123

07 29 25.4 +72 07 44; Cam

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7

48" (4/28/22): this interacting pair of edge-ons forms a distinctive "V" outline. At 375x, the overall surface brightness was fairly high, but the eastern "prong" (edge-on) of the "V" was the longer and brighter of the two galaxies. It extended SSW-NNE in a 4:1 or 5:1 ratio and contained an obvious bright knot at the northern end. On the HST image, this is a starburst region.

The shorter and slightly fainter western "prong" (second edge-on galaxy) was vaguely merged to the eastern side at its south end. Bumping up to 610x, I occasionally noticed an extremely faint stellar object close to its northern end. On the HST image, this is a second smaller starburst region just on the inside of the western tip. The central "wedge" between the pair was distinctly darker, but seemed faintly luminous.

24" (2/5/13): at 375x, fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~25"x20", irregular surface brightness but no resolution into components. Perhaps higher power is needed to see the two main components.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2184 = Big. 390 on 24 Jan 1900. The IC position is nearly 11' too far southeast. Corwin re-reduced his original offsets, though, and they match this multiple system. CGCG (330-039) doesn't associate the IC identification.

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IC 2187 = MCG +04-18-010 = CGCG 117-025 = PGC 20857

07 22 43.3 +21 29 00; Gem

Size 0.4'x0.3'

24" (2/5/13): faint, very small, elongated N-S, 20"x10". A mag 12.5 star is attached at the north end, which interferes with viewing. Forms a close pair with IC 2188 = IC 2186 1.8' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2187 = J. 3-997, along with IC 2186, on 11 Feb 1896. Malcolm Thomson notes that the CGCG incorrectly identifies IC 2187 as being IC 2188.

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IC 2188 = IC 2186 = MCG +04-18-011 = CGCG 117-026 = PGC 20858

07 22 43.2 +21 30 47; Gem

Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 111°

24" (2/5/13): brightest in a trio with IC 2187 1.8' S. At 375x appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated 22"x15" ~E-W, faint stellar nucleus. LEDA 3089868 lies 1.5' NE. This small group is located 45' SE of the double star Delta Gem (3.5/8.5 at 6").

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2188 = J. 3-998 on 28 Feb 1900. IC 2186, found by Javelle on 11 Feb 1896, may be the first observation of this galaxy. See Corwin's notes for the story.

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IC 2191 = MCG +04-18-024 = CGCG 117-047 = PGC 21163

07 30 17.5 +24 19 40; Gem

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.55'; PA = 20°

24" (2/14/15): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 20"x15", contains a very small brighter nucleus. NGC 2398 lies 10' due south.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2191 = J. 3-1000 on 7 Feb 1896. His position is accurate.

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IC 2193 = UGC 3902 = MCG +05-18-018 = LGG 146-001 = PGC 21276

07 33 23.7 +31 29 01; Gem

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 87°

17.5" (1/23/93): faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, small bright core. A mag 13.5 star is at the north edge 32" NNE of center. IC 2194 lies 10' SSE and IC 2196 lies 11.4' SW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2193 on 12 May 1888 with the 12-inch at Lick Observatory. This was three nights after he found IC 2194, 2196 and 2199 - his first discoveries at Lick. He noted (from his logbook), "Found a new nebula in field with those of May 9th, and north of them. Small, hazy, faint, less than 1' s.p. 10m star." Although the star is closer to 13th magnitude and his position is poor, the identification is certain.

Harold Corwin notes that Javelle's IC 2192 is not identical to IC 2193 as suggested by Dreyer in the IC description. IC 2192 is an extremely faint galaxy at 07 33 20.3 +31 21 41 (J2000).

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IC 2194 = MCG +05-18-020 = CGCG 147-039 = PGC 21285

07 33 40.2 +31 20 04; Gem

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 50°

17.5" (1/23/93): faint, very small, round, very small bright core. Faintest in the IC 2199 group with IC 2196 7' NE and IC 2193 10' NNW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2194 = J. 3-1002 , along with IC 2196, 2197 and 2199, on 9 May 1888. These were his first discoveries with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and labeled "b" on the sketch of the field. He spent a great deal of effort in trying to calculate the positions with respect to Castor. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 24 Jan 1898 and noted J. 1002 as "faint, round, 20"-25", gradually condensed, granular."

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IC 2196 = UGC 3910 = MCG +05-18-021 = LGG 146-003 = PGC 21300

07 34 09.8 +31 24 21; Gem

V = 12.5; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 150°

17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round, even concentration to a brighter core. On line with three mag 13.5 stars 1.1' SW, 2.1' SSW and 2.5' SSW. Second brightest in the IC 2199 group with IC 2199 12.6' SE, IC 2193 11.4' NW and IC 2194 7' SW. Located 30' S of Castor!

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2196 = J. 3-1003, along with IC 2194, 2197 and 2199, on 9 May 1888. These were his first discoveries with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and labeled "c" on his field sketch. He also found "d", which he described as "vvF, foll 'c' [IC 2196] about 3' of arc." At this offset is 2 stars and an extremely faint galaxy attached. Stephane Javelle independently discovered IC 2196 on 24 Jan 1898 and noted "faint, nearly round, 25"-30", gradually condensed, granular."

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IC 2199 = UGC 3915 = MCG +05-18-022 = LGG 146-004 = PGC 21328

07 34 55.7 +31 16 34; Gem

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 25°

17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, brighter along major axis. A small elongated group of eight mag 13 stars is close west. Preceded by mag 8 SAO 60192 7.7' WSW and mag 8.5 SAO 60197 6.3' SW. Brightest in a group of 4 IC galaxies with IC 2196 12' NW and IC 2193 24' NW. Located about 35' S of Castor!

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2199, along with IC 2194, 2196 and 2197, on 9 May 1888. These were his first discoveries with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position is 3.5' too far south (similar offset as IC 2194) and labeled "a" on the sketch.

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IC 2200 = ESO 123-012 = LGG 144-005 = PGC 21075

07 28 17.5 -62 21 10; Car

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 58°

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, even surface brightness. A mag 12.6 star is off the northeast end. Forms a close pair with IC 2200A at 1.4' SW. OC 2200A had an unusual appearance with a very bright stellar nucleus (or a star is superimposed) and much fainter extensions SW-NE. This duo is located 15' SW of NGC 2417.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2200 = DS 313 on a plate taken in 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, extremely elongated at 65°, bet 2 st, susp." The western of the "2 st[ars]" in the description is likely not a star, but IC 2200A.

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IC 2202 = ESO 088-016 = AM 0727-672 = PGC 21057

07 27 54.7 -67 34 27; Vol

V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 165°

25" (3/31/19 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.3', brighter bulging core increases to a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is at the N tip and a mag 14.6 star is close off the southwest side, 0.8' from center. Two brighter stars are nearby; a mag 10.3 star is 2.4' SE of center and also a mag 11.2 star is 3' SSE (in the direction of elongation).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2202 = DS 314 on a plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, R."

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IC 2205 = CGCG 148-015 = WBL 152-001 = PGC 21773

07 46 54.6 +26 52 20; Gem

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 51°

24" (2/16/15): at 300x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 16"x12", brightens weakly to the center. Contains a well defined halo of moderate surface brightness. Located 6.6' SW of NGC 2449 in the WBL 152 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2205 = J. 3-1009 on 16 Jan 1896. His position is accurate.

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IC 2207 = UGC 4040 = MCG +06-17-029 = CGCG 177-049 = FGC 664 = PGC 21918

07 49 50.9 +33 57 44; Gem

V = 14.2; Size 2.0'x0.25'; PA = 124°

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; very faint, extremely thin ghostly streak, over 10:1 NW-SE, ~1.1'x0.1', low fairly even surface brightness. Increases in length with averted, so appears to dim towards the outer extension. A mag 15.5 star is 30" NE of center. Located 10' NE of mag 9.3 SAO 60358.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2027 = J. 3-1010 on 12 Feb 1898 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint and small, 20" or more, ill-defined, close to a mag 15 star. Nebulous character certain." His position is accurate.

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IC 2209 = UGC 4093 = Mrk 13 = PGC 22232

07 56 14.4 +60 18 14; Cam

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 145°

13.1" (1/11/86): very faint, diffuse, small, weak concentration, requires averted vision. Forms the fainter member of a pair with NGC 2460 5.4' NE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2209 = Big. 268 on 24 Feb 1894. The IC position is accurate.

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IC 2220 = ESO 124-003 = Toby Jug Nebula

07 56 50.9 -59 07 32; Car

Size 6.0:'x4.0:'

13.1" (1/30/06 - Costa Rica): at 105x the "Toby Jug Nebula" is visible surrounding a bright red variable star, V341 Carinae and was easy to chase down just 1.6° north of the naked-eye open cluster NGC 2516. The nebula appears as a large, irregular glow unfiltered. With careful viewing the west side is bowed in with thin extensions to the west on the north and south ends. The nebulosity is not as extensive on the following side of the star.

13.1" (2/17/04 - Costa Rica): The "Toby Jug Nebula" is an unusual bipolar red reflection nebula 1.5 degrees north of NGC 2516. Unfiltered at 105x, a fairly large irregular glow is visible surrounding the bright red M-class variable V341 Car = HD 65750 (mag 6.2-7.1). The nebula is bowed towards the west with the curved section on the following side of V341. It extends furthest to the NW and the SW and is indented and weaker due west of the star. The total size of the "Toby Jug" is 2'-3'.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2220 = DS 315 on a plate taken in 1908 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! Nebula involving [HD 65750 = V341 Car], extends 2' in dec and 1' in RA, 2 bright and 2 faint spiral wisps, spiral in form."

IC 2220 was named the Toby Jug Nebula by Paul Murdin, David Allen and David Malin in their book "Catalogue of the Universe" published in 1979. David Malin included the Toby Jug Nebula in his 1999 book "The Invisible Universe" and wrote, "A few degrees from the bright star Avoir and a little south of Miaplacidus is a curious nebula with the uninspiring catalog name IC 2220. It has a popular name taken from its superficial resemblance to the profile of a toby jug, a traditional English beer mug with a large handle, with one side molded as a stout character with a rustic, painted face. My colleagues and I suggested the name Toby Jug in our book "Catalogue of the Universe" in 1978, and it seems to have stuck, even in the United States, where toby jugs are rarely seen."

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IC 2221 = LEDA 2101054

08 05 07.9 +37 27 02; Lyn

V = 15.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 22°

24" (3/21/20): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, 12" diameter. Without knowing the exact position I would have missed seeing this distant galaxy (light travel time of 1.2 billion years). Using averted vision it was repeatedly glimpsed and occasionally held for a few seconds at a time. Located 2' SW of brighter IC 2222.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2221 = J. 3-1019 on 28 Feb 1900. HyperLEDA fails to identify this galaxy as IC 2221, although his position is good. At a redshift of z = .089, this galaxy has a light travel time of 1.18 billion years (one of the most distant in the NGC/IC). SIMBAD misidenties CGCG 178-027 = PGC 22713 as IC 2221.

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IC 2222 = CGCG 178-024 = PGC 22700

08 05 14.8 +37 28 21; Lyn

V = 14.9; Size 0.75'x0.4'; PA = 121°

24" (3/21/20): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 24"x18", low surface brightness, weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 2221 2' SW. The companion lies in the background at 1.2 billion l.y. The two galaxies form a small equilateral triangle with a mag 14 star 1.9' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2222 = J. 3-1029 on 10 Feb 1896. Four years later on a second observation he discovered nearby IC 2222, which is noticeably fainter.

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IC 2229 = IC 496 = MCG +04-19-028 = CGCG 188-066 = CGCG 119-001 = LEDA 93095 = PGC 22903

08 09 44.2 +25 52 54; Cnc

V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 30°

See observing notes for IC 496.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2229 = J. 3-1025 on 11 Feb 1896 and reported "faint, nearly round, 30", mottled, stellar nucleus 13.5-14." His position matches IC 496 = J. 1-153, which Javelle first discovered on 2 Mar 1892. Both positions are very accurate, so its surprising neither he nor Dreyer noticed IC 496 = IC 2229. See IC 496 for more.

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IC 2231 = UGC 4265 = MCG +01-21-018 = CGCG 031-066 = PGC 22950

08 11 01.6 +05 05 14; CMi

V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.3'

24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 45"x40". Contains a very small, brighter nucleus, possibly stellar. Unusual appearance with a mag 13.4 star superimposed on the west edge with galaxy extending mostly east of the star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2231 = Sw. 11-92 = J. 3-1027 on 23 Mar 1895 and recorded "eeeF; vS; lE; v close f[ollowing] 12m *; fine D * nf nearly point to it." His position is 2' too far west, but there is no question about the identification. This was the earliest date that Swift made discoveries (along with IC 2972 and 2974) at Lowe Observatory in Southern California. Stephane Javelle rediscovered it on 12 Feb 1898 and reported it as new in his 3rd discovery list (#1027) with an accurate position.

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IC 2232 = NGC 2543 = UGC 4273 = MCG +06-18-014 = CGCG 178-035 = PGC 23028

08 12 57.9 +36 15 13; Lyn

V = 11.9; Size 2.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°

See observing notes for NGC 2543.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2232 = J. 3-1028 on 12 Feb 1896. His position matches UGC 4273 = PGC 23028. This galaxy was discovered earlier by William Herschel but his position for NGC 2543 was 10 seconds of RA too small and his declination 5' too far south. A second observation was even further off in declination. John Herschel's position was off by two minutes in RA. Dreyer published Spitaler's corrected position for NGC 2543 in the IC 1 notes section, but didn't catch the equivalence with Javelle's position.

William Herschel discovered NGC 2543 = H. II-719 = h493 on 3 Feb 1788 (sweep 803) and recorded "F, pL, irregularly round, bM." His position is 10 sec of RA west and 5' south of UGC 4273. A second observation from 10 Mar 1790 (sweep 937) reads "In a line with a N.p. star, pB, cL, irregularly round, very gradually brighter middle." The second observation is even further off in dec.

John Herschel noted "vF; R; a course double * precedes points to it. Deta RA = 1 m 2 sec." There is nothing at his position but two minutes of RA west is UGC 4273 and two stars at 1.6' separation are northwest. The RA given in the GC and NGC is ~1.0 tmin too far east but Rudolph Spitaler's micrometric position (measured on 24 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at Wien University Observatory) is accurate. Stephane Javelle independently found the galaxy on 12 Feb 1896, assumed it was new and reported it in list 3-1028 (later IC 2232) with an accurate position. So, NGC 2543 = IC 2232. See Harold Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 2233 = UGC 4278 = MCG +08-15-052 = CGCG 236-036 = FGC 730 = PGC 23071

08 13 59.0 +45 44 38; Lyn

V = 12.6; Size 4.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 172°

48" (4/15/10): this remarkably thin, beautiful superthin edge-on extends 4.0'x0.25' (~15:1 axial ratio) NNW-SSE. Contains a brighter elongated central region with a slightly brighter nucleus (though no bulge). The overall surface brightness is fairly low and the galaxy gradually dims near the ends of the extensions. The center is situated only 0.9' SW of a mag 10 double (a mag 13.5 companion lies 13" away) and the orientation aligns with the center of the galaxy. Roughly midway along the northern extension is a mag 14 star. Beyond this star the galaxy gradually fades to the tip, extending to within 0.6' of a faint star off the NNW tip.

Towards the south end the galaxy also fades, but after nearly dimming out there is a feeble glow at the very tip (HII knots on deep images) that is slightly angled or bent towards the east. Located 17' SE of the Bear-Paw galaxy.

17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, moderately large, extremely thin edge-on NNW-SSE with a low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is embedded at the north tip and a mag 11/14 double star at 13" separation is off the east side 1.0' from center. Located 17' SSE of NGC 2537. IC 2233 is one of the thinnest known galaxies.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2233 photographically on 25 Mar 1894 using the 20" reflector at his "Starfield" observatory in Sussex, England. Based on plates taken with the 60-inch at Mt. Wilson, Pease described (1920) the nebula as a "faint edge-on spiral, 240"x10", p.a. 170°, with a faint stellar nucleus."

William Herschel missed IC 2233 on two sweeps in which he logged nearby NGC 2537.

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IC 2247 = UGC 4299 = MCG +04-20-008 = CGCG 119-020 = FGC 736 = LGG 157-001 = PGC 23169

08 15 59.1 +23 11 59; Cnc

V = 13.2; Size 1.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 149°

24" (3/6/21): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated ~5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.1'x0.2'. Broad, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. A mag 13.8 star is just W of the NW edge. Forms a pair with IC 2248 4' SSE.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2247 = W. 1-13, along with IC 2248, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901. Harold Corwin notes that Dreyer made a transcription error of 1 degree in the IC north polar distance but Wolf's original list was correct. The error was copied into the NGC 2000.0 and neither PGC nor HyperLEDA recognized UGC 4299 as IC 2247.

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IC 2248 = MCG +04-20-009 = CGCG 119-021 = ARK 156 = LGG 157-004 = PGC 23176

08 16 04.8 +23 08 02; Cnc

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 52°

24" (3/6/21): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", very small central condensation. Located 4' SSE of flat galaxy IC 2247 = UGC 4299.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2248 = W. 1-14, along with IC 2247, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901.

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IC 2254 = CGCG 119-025 = PGC 23206

08 16 45.5 +24 46 49; Cnc

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.45'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 119°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, very faint stellar nucleus. A dim mag 15.8 star is 20" W and a mag 15.0 star is less than 1' N. Located 12' WSW of mag 7.5 HD 69364. IC 2267 (extremely thin, low surface brightness edge-on) is 17' ESE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2254 = J. 3-1031 on 11 Feb 1896. He recorded "faint, round, about 20", stellar, core of mag 13.5 to 14, close to a star of mag 13.5." His position is accurate.

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IC 2267 = UGC 4315 = MCG +04-20-016 = CGCG 119-036 = KUG 0815+248 = PGC 23266

08 18 01.4 +24 44 16; Cnc

V = 14.7; Size 2.0'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 153°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, fairly large, thin edge-on ~8:1 NNW-SSE, low nearly even surface brightness. IC 2268 is 3.8' NNE and IC 2254 lies 17' WNW. Located 8' SE of mag 7.5 HD 69364.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2267 = W. 1-32 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901. He described it as "pB, very large, very elongated 135°."

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IC 2268 = CGCG 119-037 = KUG 0815+249 = PGC 23273

08 18 06.6 +24 47 47; Cnc

V = 15.2; Size 0.35'x0.35'

24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 7.4' ESE of mag 7.5 HD 69364 within a group of stars arranged in two parallel strings oriented SW to NE. IC 2267, a very faint edge-on, is 4' SSW and IC 2283 is 15' E. Along with IC 2256, these faint galaxies forms the group USGC U171.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2268 = J. 3-1032 = W. I. 26 on 11 Feb 1896. He noted "faint, very small, 20" to 25", gradually brighter middle." Dreyer transposed the catalogue number as J. 1302 in the IC 2. Max Wolf found it again on a plate taken on 13 Feb 1901 and included it in his first catalogue.

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IC 2271 = CGCG 119-039 = KUG 0815+246 = PGC 23283

08 18 19.7 +24 31 37; Cnc

V = 15.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 150°

24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 12"-15". IC 501 lies 6.4' E. A mag 15 star is less than 1' NE.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2271 = W. 1-36 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901. He described it as "pretty bright, small, bright middle, diffuse."

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IC 2282 = MCG +04-20-020 = CGCG 119-049 = KUG 0816+249A = PGC 23333

08 19 15.5 +24 47 34; Cnc

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.75'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 45°

24" (3/23/22): at 226x; faint, small, round, diffuse, at most 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. Situated just 1' NW of mag 9.5 SAO 80093, which affects the view. IC 2267 (a extremely thin, dim edge-on) lies 17' WSW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2282 = J. 3-1033 = W. I. 48 on 11 Feb 1896. His full description reads "faint, nearly round, 40" to 50", appears as a whitish patch without condensation." His position is 0.8' too far SW, due to an error in the position of his offset star (SAO 80093), but his offsets point directly to the galaxy. Dreyer mistakenly associated Javelle's number to IC 2283, and mentioned his offsets in the IC description. IC 2283 (discovered by Max Wolf) applies to a star sandwiched between IC 2282 and SAO 80093.

PGC, HyperLEDA, SIMBAD and Steinicke mistakenly identify this galaxy as IC 2282 = IC 2283. Only the first number applies.

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IC 2293 = MCG +04-20-024 = CGCG 119-054 = PGC 23352

08 19 32.1 +21 23 39; Cnc

V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 123°

18" (2/26/11): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. This member of the Cancer I cluster is located 5.6' SE of brighter NGC 2557.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2293 = J. 3-1034 on 2 Mar 1896.

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IC 2311 = ESO 495-002 = MCG -04-20-007 = PGC 23304

08 18 46.0 -25 22 11; Pup

V = 11.5; Size 2.1'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.0

17.5" (3/25/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.2' diameter. Even concentration to a small bright core and stellar nucleus. Located in a rich star field 2.3' SE of a mag 10.5 star. Just south is a 10' distinctive semicircle of stars leading to NGC 2566 located 7.6' S. Second brightest member of the Klemola 10 quartet (2 fainter E-galaxies to the SW not seen).

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2311 = Ho I-8 visually on 27 Jan 1889 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found sweeping along with NGC 2566, which was described as "the S. of 2, roundish, pB, two stars involved." IC 2311 was noted as "the N one is pB, S, R, stellar nucleus (?). It is 1/2 [150 dia field = 8'] north of the above neb. They are both among scattered stars." He later added the note "one of these is new - the other probably = NGC 2566."

Herbert Howe independently rediscovered this galaxy on 16 Feb 1898 with the 20-inch Clark Refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "pB, vS, R, little brighter middle, 6' n of NGC 2566" and measured an accurate position. Barnard apparently never notified Dreyer (along with other discoveries) and Howe is credited with the discovery in the IC, though Barnard's observation was 9 years earlier.

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IC 2327 = UGC 4356 = MCG +01-22-002 = CGCG 032-004 = PGC 23447

08 21 28.0 +03 10 09; Hya

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 168°

24" (2/23/22): nice fairly faint edge-on N-S, initially seen as ~40"x15", but with averted vision extends to 1.1'x0.3', only a slightly brighter core. Interestingly, there is a group of about a dozen mag 12.5-14 stars to the north that are fairly uniformly distributed, but an irregular outline. The stars seem like a weak cluster. IC 503 lies 12' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2327 = J. 3-1035 on 15 Feb 1898. His position lands on the north side of the galaxy.

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IC 2338 = Arp 247 NED1 = UGC 4383a = MCG +04-20-044 = CGCG 119-080sw = PGC 23546

08 23 32.7 +21 20 18; Cnc

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'

17.5" (3/8/02): this is the southwestern component of a double system with IC 2339 (Arp 247). IC 2338 was extremely faint and small, ~10" diameter, with possibly a faint stellar nucleus. A threshold star about 30" NW also confuses sorting out the identifications and orientations. Member of the Cancer I cluster. In a small trio with IC 2341.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2338 = J. 3-1036, along with IC 2339 and 2341, on 2 Mar 1896.

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IC 2339 = Arp 247 NED2 = UGC 4383b = MCG +04-20-045 = CGCG 119-080ne = PGC 23542

08 23 34.2 +21 20 51; Cnc

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'

17.5" (3/8/02): Arp 247 consists of a very close pair of faint galaxies with IC 2341 5.7' SSW. The brighter component, IC 2339, is very faint, small, 30"x20" SW-NE. IC 2338 is a very compact companion nearly just off the SW end (separation 0.7' between centers). One or two extremely faint stars about 30" NW also confuse the observation. Member of the Cancer I cluster. Located 5' WSW of mag 9.6 SAO 80153.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2339 = J. 3-1037, along with IC 2338 and 2341, on 2 Mar 1896.

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IC 2341 = UGC 4384 = MCG +04-20-046 = CGCG 119-081 = PGC 23552

08 23 41.4 +21 26 05; Cnc

V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 1°

17.5" (3/8/02): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 40"x20", weak concentration. Arp 247 = IC 2339/2341 lies 5.7' NNE in the same high power field. Member of the Cancer I cluster. Located 4.8' NW of mag 9.6 SAO 80153.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2341 = J. 3-1039, along with IC 2338 and 2339, on 2 Mar 1896.

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IC 2359 = NGC 2582 = UGC 4391 = MCG +04-20-050 = CGCG 089-022 = CGCG 119-091 = PGC 23630

08 25 12.0 +20 20 05; Cnc

V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3

See observing notes for NGC 2582.

Max Wolf found IC 2359 = Wolf I-12 on a Heidelberg plate taken 13 Feb 1901 and noted W. I-12 was identical to NGC 2582, but Dreyer mistakenly recatalogued it as IC 2359. So, NGC 2582 = IC 2359. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 2367 = ESO 562-005 = PGC 23579 = PGC 23580

08 24 10.1 -18 46 32; Pup

V = 11.9; Size 2.4'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 55°

16" LX200 (4/14/07): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.0x0.65', broad concentration. Two faint stars (aligned N-S) are just off the NW side and a very faint star is at the west edge. Situated in a rich Puppis star field peppered with faint stars and a mag 10.6 star 7' NW. This is a relatively bright galaxy that was missed in the NGC.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2367 visually on 1 Dec 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He wrote in his notebook,"Picked up a smallish pB nebula, not in NGC." and measured micrometric offsets from a nearby star. He notified Dreyer directly of the discovery.

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IC 2374 = CGCG 149-027 = MCG +05-20-016 = PGC 23758

08 28 22.1 +30 26 36; Cnc

V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 163°

18" (2/26/11): extremely faint to very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Forms the NW vertex of an equilateral triangle with IC 2378 2.2' ESE and IC 2376 2.3' SSE. CGCG 149-028 lies 1.4' NNE. In the dense core of the challenging cluster AGC 671

17.5" (2/22/03): marginal object in AGC 671, nearly on a line with brighter IC 2380 and IC 2378, just 2.2' WNW of IC 2378. Glimpsed a few times at 220x, but needing a better night for a decent view.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2374 = J. 3-1043, along with IC 2376, 2378 and 2380, on 24 Jan 1898. CGCG doesn't equate 149-027 with IC 2374. The galaxy identified as IC 2374 in CGCG is actually IC 2376. The PGC also has the identifications confused and Megastar has all the IC designations on the wrong galaxies. Finally, it's odd that Javelle mentions "near star 11.5", but there is no brighter star near this galaxy. Corwin questions whether he could have seen an asteroid instead?

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IC 2375 = MCG -02-22-014 = PGC 23672

08 26 19.7 -13 18 11; Pup

V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 83°

24" (2/16/15): first in a striking trio of IC galaxies. At 322x; appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 7:2 E-W, 0.8'x0.25'. IC 2377 lies 1.6' E and IC 2379 2.1' ENE.

In addition, I picked up MCG -02-22-011 14' SSW (same redshift as triplet; the quartet forming LDCE 574). MCG -02-22-011 was comparable to the ICs and appeared fairly faint, small, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~25"x15", small bright core. A mag 12.3 star is off the southeast side [30" from center].

17.5" (2/8/97): first and brightest of a close trio with IC 2377 1.6' E and IC 2379 2.1' ENE. Faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 E-W, 1.5'x0.5', even surface brightness. The group lies near two mag 11 stars oriented SW-NE.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2375 = Ho I-9, along with IC 2377 and 2379, on 22 Feb 1898 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "F, vS, elongated at 90°, 1st of 3" and his micrometric position matches MCG -02-22-014 = PGC 23672.

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IC 2376 = CGCG 149-029 = MCG +05-20-017 = PGC 23764

08 28 26.1 +30 24 28; Cnc

Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 65°

18" (2/26/11): faint to very faint, very small, elongated SW-NE, 18"x12". Located 25" NW of a mag 13.7 star and 1.8' SW of IC 2378 in the core of AGC 671.

17.5" (2/22/03): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Appears as a very small knot 24" NW of a mag 13.7 star. Located in the core of AGC 671, 1.9' SW of brightest member IC 2378.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2376 = J. 3-1044, along with IC 2374, 2378 and 2380, on 24 Jan 1898. CGCG misidentifies this galaxy as IC 2374. See Harold Corwin's notes on IC 2374 for more.

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IC 2377 = MCG -02-22-015 = PGC 23683

08 26 26.1 -13 18 23; Pup

Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 36°

24" (2/16/15): at 322x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', even surface brightness. Faintest (lowest overall surface brightness) in a close trio with IC 2375 1.6' W and IC 2379 0.9' NNE. A mag 11 star is 1.6' ESE

17.5" (2/8/97): second and faintest in a trio with IC 2375 and IC 2379. Extremely faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness, 30" diameter. IC 2379 is just 0.9' NNE and IC 2375 1.6' W. A mag 11 star lies 1.5' ESE.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2377 = Ho I-10, along with IC 2375 and 2379, on 22 Feb 1898 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eF, vS, 2nd of 3" and his micrometric position matches MCG -02-22-015 = PGC 23683. The identifications of IC 2377 and IC 2379 are reversed in PGC but correct in MCG.

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IC 2378 = CGCG 149-031 = MCG +05-20-018 = PGC 23771

08 28 31.6 +30 25 53; Cnc

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 30°

18" (2/26/11): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 45"x35", low surface brightness halo with only a broad weak concentration, then sharply concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus. IC 2378 is the largest and brightest galaxy in the core of AGC 671 with a number of faint galaxies nearby including IC 2374 2.2' WNW, IC 2376 1.8' SW, IC 2380 3' SE, CGCG 149-28 and CGCG 149-35.

17.5" (2/22/03): very faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Brightest in AGC 671 with IC 2380 3.1' SE, IC 2376 1.9' SW and IC 2374 2.2' WNW. Other fainter members nearby.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2378 = J. 3-1045, along with IC 2374, 2376 and 2380, on 24 Jan 1898.

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IC 2379 = MCG -02-22-016 = PGC 23681

08 26 27.8 -13 17 36; Pup

Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 144°

24" (2/16/15): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 NW-SE, 0.45'x0.3', small bright core. Second brightest in the triplet with IC 2377 0.9' SSW and IC 2375 2' WSW. A mag 11 star lies 1.7' SE and a slightly fainter star is 1.9' NE.

17.5" (2/8/97): third in close trio with IC 2375 0.9' SSW and IC 2377 2.1' WSW. Very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.3'. A mag 15 star lies 30" N. Located 1.9' SW of a mag 12 star and 1.7' NW of a mag 11 star.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2379 = Ho I-11, along with IC 2375 and 2377, on 22 Feb 1898 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "vF, vS, 2nd of 3" and his micrometric position matches MCG -02-22-016 = PGC 23681. The identifications of IC 2377 and IC 2379 are reversed in PGC but correct in MCG.

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IC 2380 = CGCG 149-032 = MCG +05-20-019 = PGC 23777

08 28 43.9 +30 24 16; Cnc

V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.6'; PA = 169°

18" (2/26/11): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated 1.4' NE of a mag 12 star and 3' SE of brighter IC 2378.

17.5" (2/22/03): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Second brightest in AGC 671 and just slightly fainter than IC 2378 3.1' NW, though similar in size. A mag 12.5 star is 1' SW. IC 2376 lies 3.8' due west.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2380 = J. 3-1046, along with IC 2374, 2376 and 2378, on 24 Jan 1898. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 2388 = CGCG 089-063 = PGC 24365

08 39 56.5 +19 38 43; Cnc

Size 0.5'x0.3'

18" (1/13/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.5' S of a mag 10 star in the Beehive cluster and forms the southwest vertex of a 3.5'x1.5' rectangle including two mag 10 stars (one mentioned above at 3.6' separation).

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2388 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. His position and description matches this faint galaxy, but the discovery date and telescope are unknown. IC 2388 was also reported as #153 in a catalog of new nebulae and clusters found on photographs taken by Keeler between 1898-1900 and published in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.

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IC 2389 = UGC 4576 = MCG +12-09-011 = CGCG 331-064 = CGCG 332-011 = PGC 24711

08 47 58.2 +73 32 18; Cam

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 126°

17.5" (1/12/02): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE, 0.75'x0.2'. Situated just off the NW end of a curving 5' string of 5 stars oriented SE-NW, the brightest being a mag 11.8 star 2.3' SE. NGC 2646 lies 11' SE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2389 = Big. 269 on 3 Feb 1894. His position is accurate.

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IC 2390 = NGC 2643 = CGCG 089-067 = PGC 24434

08 41 51.7 +19 42 08; Cnc

V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 21°

18" (1/13/07): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Forms the western vertex of a small triangle with a mag 11.5 star 1' SE and a mag 14.5 star 1' NE. Located 10' S of a mag 7 star on the east side of the Beehive cluster with several bright stars in the field including a wide pair of mag 8.5/9.5 stars 4' SW.

17.5" (2/8/97): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.2' NW of a mag 11.5 star on the eastern side of M44. Several brighter stars in the 22' field at 220x.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2390 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer (not found in any of his published lists). His position matches CGCG 089-067 = PGC 24434. This galaxy was possibly discovered by Marth in 1864 and catalogued as NGC 2643, though Marth's position 11' S and 18 seconds of RA too far east. Although his declination is a poor match, nearby NGC 2637 which was discovered on the same night may have a similar declination error, so the identification NGC 2637 = IC 2390 is plausible.

IC 2390 was also reported as #155 in a catalog of new nebulae and clusters found on photographs taken by Keeler between 1898-1900 and published in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII. Karl Reinmuth suggested the equivalence between NGC 2643 and IC 2390 in his 1926 photographic survey Die Herschel-Nebel.

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IC 2391 = ESO 165-4 = Cr 191 = Omicron Velorum Cluster

08 40 18 -52 55; Vel

V = 2.5; Size 50'

13.1" (1/30/06 - Costa Rica): very bright and large naked-eye cluster surrounding mag 3.6 Omicron Vel (just north of the False Cross). Resolved in 9x50 finder and my 15x50 IS binoculars. Includes 7 bright stars with a wide (1.3') bright pair of mag 5 stars on the east side. The border of this scattered group is not well defined but the fainter stars fill out over a degree in the 20mm Nagler 66' field.

13.1" (2/17/04 - Costa Rica): this very large naked-eye cluster appears as a fuzzy glow surrounding mag 3.6 Omicron Velorum (1.8° NNW of mag 2.0 Delta Velorum in the False Cross). This scattered 50' group contains perhaps three dozen stars and barely fits in the field of the 20mm Nagler. Perhaps a better view was obtained in the 9x50 finder or 10x30 IS binoculars which did a nice job of resolving the brighter stars, but the group was really too sparse and scattered to look impressive in the 13".

10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): very bright naked-eye cluster with a few stars seen unaided. Excellent resolution in 10x30 binoculars but still scattered as spread out over 50'. Nice wide double star at edge. Includes a half-dozen brighter stars.

Naked-eye (3/16/18, West Texas): I noticed the Omicron Vel cluster was fairly easily visible naked-eye as a fuzzy patch, though only 7° (or less) elevation at a latitude of +30. It was partly resolved in 10x50 binoculars.

Persian astronomer Al-Sufi first mentioned IC 2391 = Lac II-5 in his "Book of Fixed Stars" (964 AD) as a "nebulous star." Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille first resolved it in 1751-1752 during his journey to the Cape into a "small heap of stars" with his 1/2-inch refractor. Surprisingly John Herschel doesn't mention the cluster in the Cape of Good Hope observations so it didn't receive a GC or NGC designation.

Solon Bailey also found the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at the Boyden station in Arequipa. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII) and Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 2395 = ESO 210-003 = Cr 192 = vdB-Ha 47 = Lund 1060

08 42 31 -48 06 30; Vel

V = 4.6; Size 15'

13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): this bright naked-eye group includes mag 5.5 HX Velorum on the west side. Resolved in the 9x50 finder. In the 13.1", roughly three dozen stars are visible in a 10' field. The bright stars are scattered mostly on the following side of the group in an elongated arrangement extending to the southeast. There is also a fairly rich gathering of stars within 4' of HX Vel. NGC 2660 is located 48' S.

Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered IC 2395 = Lac. III-3 between 1751-1752 during his expedition to the Cape of Good Hope. He recorded "Star of 6th magnitude, connected to another more southern one by a nebulous trail." Solon Bailey rediscovered the cluster photographically in 1896 with a 1" Cook lens at the high-altitude Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was published in his 1908 paper "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae, Annals of Harvard Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII. Dreyer missed Lacaille earlier discovery and Bailey is credited in the IC.

Brent Archinal noted the equivalence of this cluster with vdB-Ha 47. The Lynga position for IC 2395 is incorrect but OK for vdB-Ha 47. Brian Skiff gives a centroid position of 08 42 31 -48 06.5 (2000).

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IC 2398 = MCG +03-23-003 = CGCG 090-006 = PGC 24664

08 46 44.6 +17 45 18; Cnc

V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 8°

48" (4/4/11): moderately bright, oval 5:3 N-S, 30"x18", broad concentration, brighter core. Three mag 12.5-14 stars within 1' cradle the galaxy to the NE, SE and south. Located 2.2' NNW of a mag 10.9 star. The faint planetary Abell 30 lies 8' NNE.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2398 = W. I-136 on a photographic plate taken on 13 Jan 1901 at the Heidelberg Observatory.

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IC 2409 = UGC 4608 = MCG +03-23-008 = CGCG 090-015 = PGC 24748

08 48 24.7 +18 19 52 ; Cnc

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 148°

24" (3/6/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, very weak concentration. A distinctive string [1.2' length] of 3 mag 11.5/13/13.5 stars is close NNE.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 2409 = W. I. 141 on 8 Mar 1886. His uncorrected position was 3' too far E. The discovery was made after his last published discovery list and it only appeared in his notebooks.

Max Wolf rediscovered IC 2409 on a plate taken on 13 Jan 1901 and reported in his first list.

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IC 2410 = NGC 2667 = MCG +03-23-007 = CGCG 090-016 = Holm 98a = WBL 196-003 = PGC 24741

08 48 27.3 +19 01 09; Cnc

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 80°

24" (2/16/15): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, 35"x14", low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 2411 1.6' NNE. This close companion (similar redshift) appeared very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 25"x12", very low surface brightness. In a group with NGC 2762/2763 13' ENE and IC 2399 11' SW.

17.5" (1/28/89): very faint, small, elongated E-W.

Max Wolf found IC 2410 = Wolf I-142, along with IC 2411, on a Heidelberg plate taken 13 Jan 1901 and noted "pB, S, E 90°, stell N". His position match CGCG 090-016, the brighter of the pair of galaxies. He made no reference to NGC 2667 perhaps as d'Arrest's published position is 7 seconds of RA too far east. CGCG (090-016) and MCG (+03-23-007) both label this galaxy as IC 2410, without reference to NGC 2667. See NGC 2667 for more.

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IC 2411 = NGC 2667B = MCG +03-23-009 = CGCG 090-018 = Holm 98b = WBL 196-004 = PGC 24755

08 48 30.2 +19 02 38; Cnc

V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 43°

24" (2/16/15): at 322x; very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 25"x12", very low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair with NGC 2667 1.6' SSW.

Ralph Copeland discovered IC 2411 on 26 Dec 1873 with LdR's 72-inch telescope and noted "cF, pS, lE pf; was thought to have an eF companion about 2' nf." Dreyer followed this up on 21 Feb 1876, saying, "eF; I think it is only a * 16 m +- nf." Because of his uncertainty Dreyer didn't assign this galaxy an IC designation.

Max Wolf discovered it again on a Heidelberg plate on 13 Jan 1901 and assumed it was new. Dreyer catalogued it as IC 2411, with no mention of the prior discovery. Corwin notes that "Had Dreyer been observing on a somewhat better night, or (perhaps) with a freshly-polished mirror, the fainter galaxy might also have received an NGC number." MCG doesn't label this galaxy as IC 2411.

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IC 2421 = UGC 4658 = MCG +06-20-013 = CGCG 180-019 = Holm 101A = PGC 24996

08 54 21.6 +32 40 51; Cnc

V = 13.3; Size 2.2'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 147°

18" (4/4/12): at 175x appeared faint, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter. Pretty low nearly even surface brightness with very weak concentration and no distinct core or zones, so appears fainter than V mag suggests. This pretty face-on two-armed spiral is located 49' SE of NGC 2683 and 9' SW of mag 7.4 HD 76069.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2421 = J. 3-1060 on 6 Apr 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 2424 = NGC 2704 = UGC 4678 = MCG +07-19-005 = CGCG 209-009 = Holm 103a = PGC 25134

08 56 47.7 +39 22 56; Lyn

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3

See observing notes for NGC 2704.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2424 = Big. 271 on 18 Mar 1892 while searching unsuccessfully for NGC 2704. As Herschel's position was 1.0 minute of RA too far east, he assumed Big. 271 (later IC 2424) was new, but likely NGC 2704 = IC 2424. The possible equivalence was mentioned by Dreyer in the IC description. See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 2426 = MCG +01-23-014 = CGCG 033-033 = PGC 25208

08 58 30.5 +02 55 32; Hya

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 119°

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15", very small brighter nucleus. Located 17.5' E of NGC 2713 and 17' SE of NGC 2716.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2426 = J. 3-1063 on 23 Mar 1900.

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IC 2431 = VV 645 = UGC 4756 = MCG +03-23-030 = CGCG 090-063 = Mrk 1224 = SDSS CGB6 = PGC 25476 = PGC 200245 = PGC 200246 = Browning

09 04 35.4 +14 35 39; Cnc

V = 14.0; Size 0.55'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 32°

48" (2/21/12): at 488x this compact 25" quartet was resolved into a trio of adjacent, extremely small "knots" (galaxies) each ~8" diameter, within a common halo. The galaxy on the south side (LEDA 200246 at V = 15.7) appeared to have a stellar nucleus. The other two knots are very close west and northwest (LEDA 200245). A mag 12 star is 1.7' NNE. The seeing was fairly poor at the time of the observation, so I needed to wait for steady moments to resolve the components.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2431 = J. 3-1068 on 24 Feb 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. Javelle's third catalogue gives the observation date as 24 Feb 1906. If that's the case, it's his last discovery and a couple of years after the previous one.

UGC classifies IC 2431 as a quadruple system. The V-V Atlas of Interacting Galaxies II, has the note ""Browning". Three?" The name "Browning" probably refers to a Browning pistol, which it resembles in the atlas.

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IC 2437 = ESO 564-021 = MCG -03-23-020 = PGC 25518

09 05 33.1 -19 12 26; Hya

V = 12.9; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 123°

17.5" (2/8/97): brightest of three galaxies in field including NGC 2754 and NGC 2758 about 10' S. Fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 40"x25". Weak even concentration to a brighter core and faint stellar nucleus. Forms the north vertex of a triangle with two mag 12.5 stars 1.0' W and S.

17.5" (3/25/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, slightly brighter core. Forms the vertex of an isosceles right triangle with two mag 12.5 stars 1.0' W and 0.9' S of center. A line of three mag 9.5 stars follows in the field including SAO 154906 and 154914. In a trio with NGC 2758 9.7' N and NGC 2754 8.9' NW.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2437 = Ho I-13 on 23 Feb 1898 and recorded "F, vS, R, 10' s of NGC 2754, 2757 and 2758." His micrometric position is accurate. It's odd that Muller viewed NGC 2754 and 2758 at the Leander-McCormick Observatory but missed this brighter galaxy about 10' north. This galaxy was found again on a photograph taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru in 1900.

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IC 2448 = PK 285-14.1 = ESO 061-1 = PN G285.7-14.9

09 07 06.3 -69 56 31; Car

V = 10.5; Size 11"x9"

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this extremely bright, 10.5-magnitude compact planetary is located 34' SW of mag 1.7 Beta Carinae (Miaplacidus). At 350x it appeared ~10" diameter with a very high surface brightness disc and a faint, thin outer envelope increasing the diameter a couple of arc seconds.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2448 = Fleming 80 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1898 at the Arequipa station and designated as "Planetary, stellar" based on its spectrum. Plates taken with the 72-inch Radcliff reflector in Pretoria "show a bright central star, with a small oval patch of luminosity placed slightly eccentric; dimensions 9"x7"." (Evans & Thackeray, 1950).

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IC 2449 = HCG 37B = NGC 2783B = UGC 4856 = MCG +05-22-017 = CGCG 151-026 = Holm 113b = FGC 857 = PGC 26012

09 13 32.9 +29 59 59; Cnc

V = 14.3; Size 1.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 77°

24" (2/9/13): faint to fairly faint, thin edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, 50"x10", contains a small brighter core. HCG 37C lies 1' E and NGC 2783 is 1.5' SE. Collinear with two mag 10/11 stars 1.6' SSE and 2.7' SSE. A mag 14 star lies 0.6' N.

17.5" (2/8/97): second brightest of three visible in HCG 37. Appears very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 or 3:1 E-W (difficult to determine due to very low surface brightness arms). Only core noticed at first glance, extensions require averted vision to see well. Located 1.5' WNW of NGC 2783. HCG 37c is 1.0' E of center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2449 = J. 3-1081 on 16 May 1903. There is nothing at his position but Malcolm Thomson found that reversing the offset for his RA separation lands on UGC 4856 = HCG 37B. This galaxy is not identified as IC 2449 in modern catalogues except for NED, Corwin, Thomson and Steinicke.

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IC 2455 = NGC 2804 = UGC 4901 = MCG +03-24-028 = CGCG 091-047 = PGC 26196

09 16 50.0 +20 11 55; Cnc

V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 60°

See observing notes for NGC 2804.

Stephane Javelle found J. 3-1087 = IC 2455 on 9 Apr 1896. There is nothing at his position and Harold Corwin suggests that Javelle made a recording error and NGC 2804 = IC 2455, despite Javelle mentioning he also saw NGC 2804.

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IC 2460 = NGC 2827 = MCG +06-21-009 = CGCG 181-015 = PGC 26342

09 19 19.0 +33 52 51; Lyn

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9

17.5" (3/12/94): extremely faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, low surface brightness, no central concentration. A mag 14 star is 1.3' NNW. Forms a pair with NGC 2828 3.3' ENE. Located at the north side of the core of AGC 779.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2460 = J. 3-1091 on 28 Feb 1900. His position was 1.6' south of NGC 2827 due to an error in his reference star. This galaxy was discovered by George Johnstone Stoney (LdR's assistant) on 13 Mar 1850 and included on a sketch from 8 Jan 1851 showing 12 nebulae. The sketch shows the equivalence of NGC 2827 and IC 2460, though the estimated NGC position is also poor. MCG labels MCG +06-21-009 as IC 2460, without reference to NGC 2827.

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IC 2469 = ESO 433-017 = UGCA 163 = MCG -05-22-008 = PGC 26561

09 23 01.1 -32 27 00; Pyx

V = 11.2; Size 4.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 37°

18" (3/17/07): moderately bright, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, 2.5'x0.7', sharply concentrated with a bright 40"x30" core and much fainter extensions. A mag 12 star is superimposed on the southwest end. A mag 10 star lies 5.8' W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2469 = Sw. 11-93 on 28 Dec 1897 and recorded "pF, cS, vE, 10m * close sp." His RA is 36 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on his description. In his 6th Lowe Observatory list in A.J. he made a 10° error in the declination, but it was correct in combined 11th list. It's surprising that John Herschel missed this relatively large and bright galaxy.

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IC 2471 = MCG -01-24-015 = PGC 26707

09 25 12.2 -06 49 48; Hya

V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 151°

24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, high surface brightness, stellar nucleus. Located 7' S of NGC 2876, which is slightly larger but has a lower overall surface brightness.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2471 = Big. 398 on 5 Mar 1899 and noted "two or three stars involved in nebulosity." His position in the Comptes Rendus list is less than 1' north of PGC 26707.

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IC 2474 = MCG +04-22-057 = PGC 26810

09 27 11.4 +23 02 04; Leo

V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 96°

17.5" (4/13/91): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 14 star is attached at the SE end and interferes with viewing. Forms a close pair with NGC 2885 2' SE. Faintest of three in a small group.

Sir Robert Ball probably discovered IC 2474 = Big. 275 on 10 Jan 1867 using LdR's 72". He noted "3 objects seen close together, of which one is probably a nebula, the other possibly also, and third a star? All of these are eF, and would perhaps not be seen unless on so good a night as this is." The second and third objects are probably IC 2474 and MCG +04-22-060, though Dreyer did not include any additional entries in the NGC because of his uncertainty. In any case, Bigourdan discovered the galaxy again on 21 Mar 1890 and was credited with the discovery in the IC.

CGCG and UGC misidentify NGC 2885 = IC 538 = CGCG 121-098 as IC 2474.

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IC 2475 = CGCG 151-087 = CGCG 152-006 = MCG +05-22-049 = WBL 224-005 = PGC 26851

09 27 54.3 +29 47 31; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 112°

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; faint, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, ~30"x15", slightly brighter core. With averted vision, the low surface brightness extensions increase to ~45"x15". IC 2480 lies 7' SE and IC 2476 (brightest in a small trio with IC 2478 and 2479) is 12' due N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2475 = J. 3-1103 on 10 Jan 1900.

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IC 2476 = UGC 5043 = MCG +05-23-001 = CGCG 151-086 = CGCG 152-005 = KUG 0924+302 = WBL 224-003 = PGC 26854

09 27 52.8 +29 59 09; Leo

V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.4'

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, moderate surface brightness but very weak concentration. Brightest in a trio with IC 2479 2.5' E and IC 2478 3.6' NE. An uncatalogued 11th mag pair at ~4" separation is 10' due E.

CGCG 151-083, located 6' W, is pretty faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 24"x18".

CGCG 151-084, located 6.6' WNW, is very faint, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, only 15" long.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 2476 = J. 3-1104 on 8 Mar 1886. His uncorrected position was 3' too far E. The discovery was made after his last published discovery list and it only appeared in his notebooks.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered it on 14 Apr 1896, along with IC 2478 and IC 2479, with the 30" refractor at Nice. Javelle measured an accurate position.

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IC 2477 = IC 2480: = CGCG 151-094 = CGCG 152-013 = KUG 0925+299 = PGC 26883

09 28 17.8 +29 42 22; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 170°

See observing notes for IC 2480.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2477 = J. 3-1105 on 1 May 1896. There is nothing at his positon, but 18 seconds of RA east is IC 2480 and Harold Corwin suggest this is likely IC 2477 due to an error in his measurement or reduction of his RA.

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IC 2478 = CGCG 151-088 = CGCG 152-007 = MCG +05-23-003 = WBL 224-004 = PGC 26865

09 28 00.9 +30 02 13; Leo

V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 140°

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, very small, round, 18" diameter. Second brightest of a small trio with IC 2479 2.9' SSE and IC 2476 3.6' SW. Equally spaced with two mag 12.2/12.8 stars 1' E and 2' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2478 = J. 3-1106, along with IC 2476 and IC 2479, on 14 Apr 1896.

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IC 2479 = CGCG 151-089 = CGCG 152-008 = MCG +05-23-002 = WBL 224-006 = PGC 26866

09 28 04.1 +29 59 29; Leo

V = 15.0; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 152°

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; extremely faint, very small, roundish. Faintest in trio with IC 2476 2.5' W and IC 2478 2.8' NNW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2479 = J. 3-1107, along with IC 2476 and IC 2478, on 14 Apr 1896.

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IC 2480 = IC 2477: = CGCG 151-094 = CGCG 152-013 = KUG 0925+299 = PGC 26883

09 28 17.8 +29 42 22; Leo

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 170°

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter at most, slightly brighter nucleus. IC 2475 lies 7' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2480 = J. 3-1108 on 14 Apr 1896. IC 2477, found by Javelle on 1 May 1896 may be a duplicate observation. Harold Corwin notes that the declination is identical, though the RA is 18 seconds too small.

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IC 2482 = MCG -02-24-025 = PGC 26796

09 26 59.2 -12 06 32; Hya

Size 2.4'x1.5'; PA = 145°

24" (2/24/20): at 200x and 260x; moderately bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, strong concentration with a bright oval core and a large, low surface brightness halo. I was surprised by its relative brightness for an IC galaxy. Two 10th mag stars are 5' NW and 10' NW. NGC 2881 = Arp 275 lies 17' WNW.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2482 = Ho. 2-3 on 14 Mar 1899 and noted "F, vS, 10m * preceding 7 seconds, 0.8' N."

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IC 2488 = ESO 166-14 = Cr 208 = Mel 97

09 27 27 -56 57 24; Vel

Size 70'

24" (4/10/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): very large, very bright cluster at 84x but fairly scattered. The most striking portion are two bright ~N-S strings of stars, each ~5' in length, on the SE side of the cluster. These two strings are connected on the north end by a couple of stars forming a "U" outline. Many of the other stars are also arranged in strings including streams of stars that extend to the NW on both the north and south side of the cluster. The most prominent string starts at the northern end of the western row and extends NW to a mag 9.4 star. The outline of the cluster then meanders south on the west side before heading back SE towards the two parallel strings. Although the listed diameter is 70', my description applies to the central 15' portion of the cluster. Located 30' W of mag 3.1 N Velorum. The irregular planetary, NGC 2899, lies 51' N.

10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): moderately bright, large, a few stars resolved over the hazy glow of unresolved stars. Picked up 0.5° W of mag 3.2 N Vela.

Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered IC 2488 = Lac III-4 = D 330 between 1751-1752 using a 1/2-inch telescope at 8x during his expedition to the Cape of Good Hope. He described it as a "Faint star surrounded by nebulosity"

James Dunlop made two observations on 8 May and 3 Jul 1826 with summary description "A faint cluster of small stars of mixed magnitude, with two or three pretty bright stars in it. This answers to 485 Argus (Bode) and is described as a small star surrounded by a nebula." John Herschel didn't record this large naked eye cluster during his observations at the Cape of Good Hope, so it didn't receive a JH, GC or NGC designation.

Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" f/13 Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Dreyer credited Bailey with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 2493 = MCG +06-21-056 = CGCG 181-065 = PGC 27322

09 36 17.5 +37 21 50; LMi

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°

17.5" (3/12/94): faint, very small, round, 30" diameter, smooth unconcentrated glow. A mag 14 star is 1.4' NW. NGC 2922 lies 21' NNE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2493 = J. 3-1115 on 14 May 1903. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 2494 = NGC 2947 = IC 547 = MCG -02-25-004 = PGC 27309

09 36 05.8 -12 26 13; Hya

V = 12.4; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 25°

See observing notes for NGC 2947 = IC 547.

Lewis Swift found IC 2494 = Sw. 11-95 on 20 Feb 1898 and recorded "pB, pL, R, 2 st nr f". There is nothing at his position but 10 seconds of RA east and 3' south is NGC 2947, which was discovered by Leavenworth in 1886 though his RA was 2 minutes too large. Javelle also found the galaxy and placed J. 1-165 (later IC 547) accurately. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for IC 2494 (matching Javelle's) that was adopted in the IC, so Dreyer missed the two IC equivalences. So, NGC 2947 = IC 547 = IC 2494. MCG labels the galaxy as IC 547.

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IC 2497 = LEDA 165538

09 41 04.1 +34 43 58; LMi

V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 116°

82" (5/4/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 0.5'x0.35'. Contains a bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.

48" (4/1/11): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 0.4'x0.3', brighter core. This galaxy is located just 20" N of Hanny's Voorwerp! 2MASX 094106.75+3443565 lies 33" E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2497 = J. 3-1118 on 14 May 1903. HyperLeda doesn't identify PGC 165538 as IC 2497.

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IC 2501 = PK 281-5.1 = ESO 126-26 = PN G281.0-05.6

09 38 47.2 -60 05 31; Car

V = 10.4; Size 2"

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x, this very compact planetary appeared as a very bright, mag 10.5 blue "star" that was slightly out of focus. Although it was barely non-stellar at this power, it was obvious by its "soft" nature and blue color that it was a planetary. Good contrast gain with a UHC filter. At 350x, IC 2501 was clearly resolved as a very small 3" disc with a crisp edge and extremely high surface brightness. Located 15' SE of mag 6.9 HD 83614.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2501 = HN 101 in 1904 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station.

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IC 2507 = ESO 434-031 = MCG -05-23-009 = AM 0942-313 = LGG 180-004 = PGC 27903

09 44 33.9 -31 47 24; Ant

V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 49°

24" (4/13/18): at 225x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, ~45"x27", irregular surface brightness. A very faint 16th mag star is superimposed on the south side, and there seemed to be a knot(s) or clumpiness on the SW end. Two mag 13.8 and 15.2 stars are just off the NE end. A mag 10.3 star is 2.7' NW. Located 39' SSW of NGC 2997.

Forms a pair with UGCA 180, just 3.5' SE. It appeared as an extremely faint glow, seems moderately large but the surface brightness was too low to see any structure. Both IC 2507 and UGCA 180 are members of the NGC 2997 group (LGG 180)

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2507 = Sw. 11-96 on 19 Feb 1898 and recorded "eF; S; R; vF * close nf; pB * near sp." Swift's position is 32 seconds of RA west of ESO 434-031. In his series of Monthly Notices articles, Howe reported (Nov. 1900) the "pB * near sp" is actually 2.4' N and 6 seconds of RA west and he also measured an accurate position for the galaxy. Delisle Stewart picked up the galaxy in 1900 on a Harvard plate taken at the Arequipa station. He equated it with Sw. 11-96 and described it as "eB, cL, E at 55°."

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IC 2510 = ESO 373-029 = MCG -05-23-017 = PGC 28147

09 47 43.5 -32 50 15; Ant

V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 148°

18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, weak concentration. Located 3.7' E of a mag 9.8 star. IC 2511 lies 21' E.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2510 = DS 320 on a plate taken in Apr 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 140°, bM, susp."

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IC 2511 = IC 2512 = ESO 374-049 = MCG -05-23-018 = PGC 28246

09 49 25.4 -32 50 31; Ant

V = 12.3; Size 2.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 41°

18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.3'. Forms a pair with IC 2513 8' ESE. Located 24' WSW of NGC 3038 and 5.7' E of mag 8.5 HD 85117. IC 2512 and 2514 are duplicate entries for IC 2511 and 2513 in Lewis Swift's same published list.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2511 = Sw. 11-97, along with IC 2514, on 30 Dec 1897. He recorded "pB; pS; eeE; spindle; 7m * np; not 3038; np of 2 [with IC 2514]." His position is at the southwest end of the galaxy and the bright star (HD 85117) is 5.6' nearly due west. He found the pair again just a month and a half later (12 Feb 1898), though called Sw. 11-98 (later IC 2512) the "north-following of 2", instead of "north-preceding of 2." amd position was over 5' too far south. DeLisle Stewart found only one pair on an Harvard plate taken at Arequipa in 1900 but Dreyer included two pairs of numbers in the IC. So, IC 2511 = IC 2512 and IC 2514 = IC 2513.

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IC 2512 = IC 2511 = ESO 374-049 = MCG -05-23-018 = PGC 28246

09 49 25.4 -32 50 31; Ant

V = 12.3; Size 2.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 41°

See observing notes for IC 2511.

Lewis Swift found IC 2512 = Sw. 11-98, along with IC 2513, on 12 Feb 1898 and reported "eeeF; pS; vE; between below * and 8m * p[receding]; north-following of 2." His position is 5.4' S of IC 2511, discovered by Swift on 30 Dec 1897, and the description matches although he has a typo; "nf of 2" should read "np of 2". Also there was confusion on the discovery date as he first reported 12 Jan 1898 in his 8th discovery list from Lowe Observatory. Although Stewart found only one pair on an Harvard plate at Arequipa, Dreyer included two pairs of numbers in the IC. So, IC 2511 = IC 2512 and IC 2514 = IC 2513.

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IC 2513 = IC 2514 = ESO-374-050 = MCG -05-23-019 = PGC 28290 = PGC 28283

09 50 00.7 -32 53 01; Ant

Size 1.5'x0.3'; PA = 62°

See observing notes for IC 2514.

Lewis Swift found IC 2513 = Sw. 11-99 on 12 Feb 1897 and reported "eeeF; eeeS; R; D * close sf; sp of 2" His RA was 10 seconds of time too small, and his dec 3' too far south, but the comment about the double star clearly applies to IC 2514, which Swift discovered on 30 Dec 1897. His typo "sp of 2" should read "south-following of 2" and there was also confusion on the discovery date as he first reported 12 Jan 1898 in his 8th discovery list from Lowe Observatory in MNRAS.

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IC 2514 = IC 2513 = ESO-374-050 = MCG -05-23-019 = PGC 28290 = PGC 28283

09 50 00.7 -32 53 01; Ant

Size 1.5'x0.3'; PA = 62°

18" (3/17/07): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.45'x0.3' (core region) with possibly very faint extensions, brightens to a quasi-stellar nucleus. Two mag 12/13 stars are close following and a faint star is at the ENE end. Forms a pair of edge-ons with IC 2511 = IC 2512 8' WNW. NGC 3038 lies 17' NE and a mag 10.7 star lies 3' E.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2514 = Sw. 11-100, along with IC 2511, on 30 Dec 1897. He recorded "eeF; eS; 3 F st close f; sf of 2 [with IC 2511]." His position and description is good though Dreyer mistakenly wrote "north-following of 2". Swift found the pair again on 12 Feb 1898 and reported them as new. As a result, IC 2514 = IC 2513.

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IC 2520 = UGC 5335 = MCG +05-24-003 = CGCG 153-004 = WAS 4 = PGC 28682

09 56 20.1 +27 13 39; Leo

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (3/23/22): relatively bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, overall good surface brightness, small bright core increases to the center. A mag 10.2 star is 1.8' SW. Located in the Lynx-Cancer Void.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2520 = J. 3-1132 on 26 Mar 1900. He recorded "faint, round, about 20" diameter, gradual condensation, granular appearance, core of mag 13.5-14." His position is 1.5' too far north, but there is no question on the identification.

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IC 2522 = UGCA 189 = ESO 374-010 = MCG -05-24-004 = KTS 37B = PGC 28606

09 55 08.9 -33 08 14; Ant

V = 11.9; Size 2.8'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 0°

17.5" (4/15/93): fairly faint, large, round, diffuse, just a weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 2523 4.5' S. Located 1.8' S of mag 9 SAO 200865.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2522 = DS 322, along with IC 2523, on a plate taken in Apr 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, cL, R, * 8 n, susp."

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IC 2523 = ESO 374-011 = MCG -05-24-005 = KTS 37C = PGC 28607

09 55 09.5 -33 12 37; Ant

V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 25°

17.5" (3/28/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated. One or two faint stars are off the east end. Forms a pair with IC 2522 4.5' N.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2523 = DS 323, along with IC 2522, on a plate taken in Apr 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 20°, susp."

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IC 2526 = ESO 435-012 = MCG -05-24-008 = PGC 28732

09 57 03.0 -32 15 25; Ant

V = 12.6; Size 2.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 55°

24" (4/14/18): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1'x0.35', strong concentration with a small high surface brightness core. Situated in a rich Antlia star field with numerous nearby faint stars including a string that begins at the south side and curls to the southeast. Located 8' E of mag 8.5 HD 86229. A small distinctive group of 5 stars is just south of this star. IC 2526 is a member of the NGC 3100 group, centered 1° NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2526 = Sw. 11-101 on 30 Dec 1897 and wrote "vF; S; R; 7.5m * nf; 2 or 3 F st near." The bright star he mentions is HD 86229 (mag 8.5), situated 8' WNW. In his earlier 8th discovery list published in MNRAS, he correctly placed the star "preceding". There was also confusion on the discovery date; he reported 19 Feb 1898, but gave 30 Dec 1897 in his large accumulated 11th list. The galaxy was found again in 1900 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station.

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IC 2528 = NGC 3084 = ESO 499-029 = MCG -04-24-010 = PGC 28841

09 59 06.4 -27 07 44; Ant

V = 12.3; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°

See observing notes for NGC 3084.

Lewis Swift found IC 2528 = Sw. 11-102 and reported "eeeF; eeS; R; double star south; 3078 in field; ee diff." His position is 30 sec of RA west and 3.5' south of NGC 3084. The double star may refer to a faint and unequal 5" pair that is 2.5' SE of NGC 3084. Harold Corwin suggested this identification. John Herschel discovered NGC 3084 on 26 Mar 1835 and his identification is certain, though MCG doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 3084.

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IC 2529 = NGC 3081 = ESO 499-031 = MCG -04-24-012 = PGC 28876

09 59 29.5 -22 49 35; Hya

V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 158°

See observing notes for NGC 3081.

Lewis Swift found IC 2529 = Sw. 11-103 on 11 Apr 1898 and recorded "eeF; eS; eF * in contact." His position is just 1' south of NGC 3081 = ESO 499-031, though Corwin notes there is no star in contact. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 21 Dec 1786 (sweep 660) and recorded "vF, S, little brighter in the middle. South of a triangle of unequal small stars." Caroline's reduced position is 7 seconds of time west of ESO 499-031.

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IC 2531 = ESO 435-025 = MCG -05-24-015 = UGCA 191 = AM 0957-292 = FGCE 896 = LGG 185-006 = PGC 28909

09 59 55.4 -29 37 02; Ant

V = 12.0; Size 6.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 75°

17.5" (2/1/03): large, low surface brightness streak, 1.5'x0.3', oriented WSW-ENE; broad, weak concentration. In a field with a number of mag 10-11 stars. Located 6' SE of a wide mag 10.7/13.5 pair and a similar distance south of a quartet of mag 11/12 stars. At the southwest edge of the 220x field are a trio of mag 9-10 stars. Member of the NGC 3054 group (LGG 185)

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2531 = Sw. 11-104 on 15 Feb 1898 and logged "eeeF; pS; cE; trapezium n and nf; D * np." His position is poor, but the identification is certain.

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IC 2533 = ESO 435-027 = MCG -05-24-017 = PGC 28948

10 00 31.7 -31 14 42; Ant

V = 12.0; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 1°

17.5" (3/28/87): moderately bright, small, almost round, strong bright core, possible stellar nucleus. Located 31' N of NGC 3095.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2533 = D.S. 325 visually on 13 May 1890 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "Indef. 12m. A 7 1/2m star 10' p and 5' S. His rough pointing (9h 56m -30.9 for 1890) lands 12'-14' from NGC 3095, NGC 3100 and IC 2533. Barnard has the note "= NGC 3100" in his notebook, but his description of the mag 7.5 star only fits IC 2533. Mag 7.2 HD 86765 is 7' preceding and 6' south of IC 2533. DeLisle Stewart recorded it from an Arequipa plate in 1900 and is credited in the IC.

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IC 2536 = ESO 374-026 = PGC 29157

10 03 30.1 -33 57 00; Ant

V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 45°

17.5" (4/1/00): very faint glow close NW of a mag 14 star. This is an edge-on but appeared too faint in unsteady seeing to clearly view any details. An evenly matched pair of mag 11.5 stars lie 5' NE. Located 28' NW of NGC 3120.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2536 = DS 327 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, E at 50°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 2537 = ESO 499-039 = MCG -04-24-015 = AM 1001-272 = UGCA 197 = LGG 185-009 = PGC 29179

10 03 51.9 -27 34 15; Ant

V = 12.1; Size 2.6'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 26°

18" (2/19/09): at 175x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, ~2'x1.5', broad weak concentration. The Antlia Dwarf lies 15' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2537 = Sw. 11-105 on 14 Feb 1898 and reported "eeF; L; cE; no B * near; no triangle as per [NGC] 3113." I'm surprised that John Herschel missed this relatively bright galaxy.

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IC 2538 = ESO 374-027 = MCG -06-22-015 = PGC 29181

10 03 56.5 -34 48 28; Ant

V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 1°

17.5" (4/1/00): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3'. Probably viewed brighter core region only. A mag 12.5 star lies 1' SW of center. Located 4' N of mag 8.3 SAO 201012.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2538 = DS 328 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "vF, vS, R, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 2541 = MCG -03-26-017 = PGC 29309

10 05 48.0 -17 26 04; Hya

Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 4°

14.5" (4/10/21): IC 2541 was noticed immediately at 158x and was not difficult to hold; elongated ~5:2 N-S. At 226x, ~45"x18", ill-defined brighter core, irregular surface brightness? A mag 13.4 star is 1.4' SW and a small group of mag 13-14 stars is ~3' NW.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 2541 = D.S. 330 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station in May 1900.

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IC 2553 = PK 285-5.1 = ESO 127-10 = PN G285.4-05.3

10 09 20.9 -62 36 48; Car

V = 10.4; Size 11"x7"

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x this small, high surface brightness planetary was immediately seen in a rich star field. It appeared bright (V = 10.4), very small, slightly elongated, ~8"x6", with a bluish tinge. Excellent contrast gain with a UHC filter. Located 58' directly west of NGC 3211 which was viewed immediately afterwards.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2553 = Fleming 70 in 1893 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station. Initially announced erroneously as a Type V star.

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IC 2554 = ESO 092-012 = AM 1007-664 = PGC 29512

10 08 50.6 -67 01 51; Car

V = 11.8; Size 3.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 7°

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): IC 2554 is a remarkable interacting multiple system or a single merger remnant with a tidal tail. At 260x it consists of what appeared to be a contact pair of edge-ons with just slightly different orientations (both ~SSW-NNE) that run into each other. The southern portion was brighter and larger, ~1.4'x0.3', while the northern component was perhaps half as long, though they appeared nearly merged so it was difficult to clearly distinguish. With averted vision, the appearance was even more confusing as there was a strong impression of an additional component or feature in the chain. NGC 3136B lies 8.3' ENE. IC 2554 is located 27' NE of NGC 3136.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2554 = DS 334 on a plate taken 20 Mar 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, S,2-branch spiral, considerably elongated at 10°, N."

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IC 2555 = NGC 3157 = ESO 435-051 = MCG -05-24-026 = PGC 29691

10 11 42.4 -31 38 34; Ant

V = 13.2; Size 2.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 38°

See observing notes for NGC 3157.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 2555 = D.S. 336 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station and reported "eF, vS, extremely elongated at 45°, considerably brighter middle." His position matches NGC 3157 = ESO 435-051. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel in 1835 and accurately placed in his Cape of Good Hope catalogue, but the position in the GC and NGC is 40' too far north. As a result Stewart thought it was new, but NGC 3157 = IC 2555.

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IC 2560 = ESO 375-004 = MCG -05-25-001 = LGG 196-003 = PGC 29993

10 16 18.7 -33 33 50; Ant

V = 11.7; Size 3.2'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 45°

18" (4/10/04): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.4'x0.8', moderate concentration with a small brighter core and much fainter extensions. Nestled within a neat asterism of 5 stars forming a rough rectangle including two mag 12 stars 1.3' NE and 1.9' ENE of center. This Seyfert galaxy (type 2) is a possible outlying member of the Antlia Cluster (ACO S636).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2560 = Sw. 11-106 on 28 Dec 1897 and reported "eeF; pS; iR; in center of trapezium." His RA is 30 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on the description. Howe measured a more accurate position in 1899 or 1900, though it was still 1' too far north. Based on a Harvard plate taken at the Arequipa station in 1900, Delisle Stewart described IC 2560 as "F, small, considerably elongated at 20°, ellip. oval form."

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IC 2571 = NGC 3223 = ESO 375-012 = MCG -06-23-023 = LGG 196-005 = PGC 30308

10 21 35.1 -34 16 01; Ant

V = 11.0; Size 4.1'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 135°

See observing notes for NGC 3223.

Lewis Swift found IC 2571 = Sw. 11-107 on 30 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF; cS; R; mag 9 star p[retty?] close following." There is nothing at his position but 28 seconds of RA east is NGC 3223 and his description applies. Herbert Howe followed up on Swift's observation, measured an accurate position (Monthly Notices, Nov. 1900), and noted the mag 9 star follows by 9 sec. John Herschel discovered this galaxy in 1835 and measured a fairly accurate position, so the equivalence NGC 3223 = IC 2571 is certain.

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IC 2572 = UGC 5636 = MCG +05-25-008 = PGC 30562

10 25 07.3 +28 05 40; LMi

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 27°

17.5" (3/25/95): extremely faint, small. Appears very elongated ~N-S, although it was difficult to determine the exact orientation due to faintness. Located 4.7' NNE of NGC 3235.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2572 = J. 3-1156 on 7 May 1896.

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IC 2574 = UGC 5666 = MCG +12-10-038 = CGCG 333-031 = DDO 81 = VII Zw 330 = PGC 30819 = Coddington's Nebula

10 28 22.4 +68 24 58; UMa

V = 10.4; Size 13.2'x5.4'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 50°

48" (2/21/12): This large, low surface brightness dwarf irregular in the M81 group extended roughly 10'x4' SW-NE with only a weak, broad concentration. The galaxy is dominated by a giant star forming/HII complex near the NE end of the galaxy. At 375x, four separate, compact knots were easily resolved within a 1.2' region, though the brighter glow from the entire complex spans roughly 1.5'x1.0' from WSW to ENE. The brightest and largest knot carries the designation IC 2574:[HK83] #15, from Hodge and Kennicutt's "An Atlas of H II regions in 125 Galaxies" in AJ, 88, 296 (1983). This high surface brightness knot is very bright, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", and is situated at the NW vertex of the four knots. #13/34 is a fainter irregular knot of ~12" diameter at the NE vertex. #35 forms the SE vertex and appears as a faint, round knot, only 8"-10" in size, just 24" SSW of #13/#34. The knot at the SW vertex is not listed in the H-K atlas, but is catalogued in NED as radio source NVSS J102844+682809. It appeared similar to #35, though slightly elongated and situated only 20" S of #15. At 488x, a 5th knot was seen ~30" SW of #15, and appeared as a very faint, ill-defined 15" glow (this region contains #17 and #19).

17.5" (3/12/94): faint, very large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 7.0'x2.5', low surface brightness, no concentration. Four faint stars are near the north side. There is a fairly bright nonstellar HII region, [HK83] #15, that is clearly visible at the NE end as a high surface brightness knot. Member of the M81 group (distance ~12 million l.y.).

Edwin Coddington discovered IC 2574 at Lick Observatory on a plate of the M81/82 region taken on 17 and 20 Apr 1898 with the 6" Crocker telescope (Willard Lens). The discovery was announced in PASP 10, 123 (1898). Coddington and William Hussey observed it visually on the 22nd using the observatory's 12-inch refractor and he mentioned it appeared "large, irregular, very faint, and composed of a number of condensations." Also, on 19 May, Coddington obtained an additional photograph that showed "the different condensations to be connected by faint nebulous matter, and the whole to extend over an area fully 4' in width and 12' in length."

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IC 2579 = NGC 3251 = UGC 5684 = MCG +04-25-023 = CGCG 124-029 = Holm 195a = PGC 30892

10 29 16.8 +26 05 57; Leo

V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 55°

See observing notes for NGC 3251

Stephane Javelle found IC 2579 = J. 3-1158 on 2 Apr 1900 and recorded "pB, elongated in pa 260°, 1' to 1.5' diameter, stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." His position and description matches NGC 3251 = UGC 5684. Heinrich d'Arrest made the initial discovery in 1862, but he made a 1.0 minute error in RA. His description pins down the equivalence of NGC 3251 = IC 2579. Dreyer must have realized the possible equivalence with NGC 3251 as he added the note "?3251" to the description of IC 2579. UGC labels this galaxy IC 2579, instead of NGC 3251.

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IC 2580 = ESO 436-025 = MCG -05-25-004 = PGC 30814 = Klemola 11B

10 28 18.0 -31 31 05; Ant

V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 154°

18" (4/25/09): faint, moderately large, round, 50" diameter. Appears as a diffuse, low surface brightness hazy glow with only a weak central brightening. Located 9.4' NW of brighter ESO 436-027 in the southern group Klemola 11. A 35" pair of mag 9.6/10.8 stars lies 9' SW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2580 = DS 346 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, S, bM."

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IC 2581 = ESO 168-3 = Cr 222

10 27 26.1 -57 37 32 ; Car

V = 4.3; Size 25'

14" (4/4/16 - Coonabarabran, 73x and 145x): very bright group of stars, dominated by mag 4.7 supergiant V399 Car. This yellow star forms the eastern vertex of an equilateral triangle with a mag 7.1 star 4.3' NW and a mag 8.7 star 4' SW. In a 5' region there are roughly 35 stars, including a few mag 10-11 just south of the mag 4.7 star. A curving star chain with fainter stars extends north of V399 Car. The NGC 3247 cluster/nebula lies 27' SW.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2581 on a Harvard plate of the Eta Carina region taken at the Arequipa station in Peru on 10 May 1893. It was mentioned in the description of plate V in the 1897 Annals of Harvard College Observatory, vol. 26, p207.

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IC 2582 = ESO 436-028 = MCG -05-25-006 = PGC 30880

10 29 11.0 -30 20 33; Ant

V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3

14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x; very faint, moderately large, ~45" diameter, roundish, diffuse with a low surface brightness and no core. An equilateral triangle of mag 11-11.5 stars (sides ~3.5') is directly south. The southern star in the triangle is a wide pair. First in a similar trio with ESO 436-029 16' E and IC 2588 34' E. Located 17' NNW of mag 5.6 Delta Antlia.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 2582 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru on 1 May 1900. Although Stewart noted it was indistinct and at the edge of the plate, his position is at the east edge of the galaxy.

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IC 2584 = ESO 375-043 = MCG -06-23-037 = LGG 200-003 = PGC 30938

10 29 51.5 -34 54 42; Ant

V = 12.7; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 133°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, ~35"x15". IC 2584 has a higher surface brightness than IC 2587, located 25' NE, though is somewhat smaller. The galaxy is collinear with two mag 13.5 stars 0.8' E and 1.6' E. Located 25' W of NGC 3281 in the Antlia Cluster (ACO S636).

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 2584 = D.S. 348 on 8 Feb 1886 while observing the region of the Antlia Cluster with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He labeled it "S" on his sketch and called it "pF; L; E; gradually brighter in the middle, narrow." He wrote in his notebook that it precedes [NGC 3281] by 121 seconds and is 3' 40" S of it. The discovery was never published, though he wrote "The nebula S is very probably new [underlined]." The observation was confirmed on 1 Mar 1886.

DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 2585 = NGC 3271 = ESO 375-048 = MCG -06-23-044 = PGC 30988

10 30 26.3 -35 21 35; Ant

V = 11.8; Size 3.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 106°

See observing notes for NGC 3271.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 2585 = D.S. 349 on a plate 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. His position matches ESO 375-048 = PGC 30988. This galaxy is almost certainly NGC 3271, discovered by John Herschel in 1834 and recorded as "F; S; lE; bM; 15"; one of a group of 3 or more." Herschel's RA was 25 seconds too small, so Stewart apparently assumed it was new. The numbers are equated in ESO and Corwin's Southern Galaxy Catalogue. Based on plates taken at the Helwan Observatory in 1919-20, IC 2585 was assumed to be LEDA 83144, a very faint edge-on 3.8' E of NGC 3271.

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IC 2586 = ESO 436-030 = MCG -05-25-008 = LGG 261-005 = PGC 31025

10 31 02.4 -28 43 00; Hya

V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 79°

14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 ~WSW-ENE, slightly brighter core. Using 226x; it gradually increases to a very small, circular nucleus. Situated at the vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 10 stars 4.6' SSW and 4.7' S.

This outlying member of the Hydra I cluster (Abell 1060) is located 1.7° SW of the center of the cluster.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2586 = Sw. 11-109 on 1 Jan 1898 and noted "pF; vS; R; trapezium near sp." His RA was 20 seconds of time too small, but his declination is pretty close and the distinctive quadrilateral of brighter stars (sides 2' to 3.5') is roughly 5' SSW.

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IC 2587 = ESO 375-051 = MCG -06-23-047 = PGC 31020

10 30 59.5 -34 33 47; Ant

V = 12.3; Size 2.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 10°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint (visible continuously), slightly elongated, ~40"x30". At 226x, increases to a small brighter nucleus. Three mag 11.5-12.5 stars in a SW-NE string are close east, along with a mag 10.5 star 5' ENE. Located 20' NW of NGC 3281 in the Antlia Cluster (ACO S636).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2587 = DS 350 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, bM."

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IC 2588 = ESO 436-033 = MCG -05-25-009 = PGC 31088

10 31 50.1 -30 23 04; Ant

V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°

14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x and 226x; very faint, moderately large, round, ~1.0' diameter, very diffuse with a low even surface brightness. I was just able to hold it steadily with concentration and averted vision. A 15" pair of mag 11-11.5 stars is ~6' SE. Located 32' NE of mag 5.6 Delta Antlia.

ESO 436-029, located 19' W, is faint, moderately large, round, ~45" diameter, diffuse, low surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is close off the NW side. This galaxy is situated nearly at the midpoint of similar IC 2582 16' WNW and IC 2588 18' E and a similar distance NE of mag 5.6 Delta Ant.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2588 = Sw. 11-110 on 1 Jan 1898 and called it "eeeF; pL; R: D * near sf; * with distant companion f[ollowing] and p[receding]." His position and description is an excellent match.

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IC 2589 = ESO 501-004 = LGG 209-002 = PGC 31126

10 32 20.8 -24 02 15; Hya

V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 12°

14.5" (4/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is just off the SE side. Situated just 0.9' E of a mag 10.7 star.

Member of a scattered galaxy group (LGG 209), which includes NGCs 3313, 3331 and 3335.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2589 = Sw. 11-111 on 15 Feb 1898 and reported "eeeF; eS; eE; 8m * close p; eee diff." Howe reported in his Nov. 1900 Monthly Notices review of Swift's nebulae that the comment "eE" may be due to a star of mag 13 close south following.

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IC 2592 = NGC 3366 = ESO 264-007 = MCG -07-22-024 = LGG 204-003 = PGC 31335

10 35 08.4 -43 41 30; Vel

V = 11.3; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 37°

18" (2/19/09): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4' (viewed brighter core region). Located just 1.7' S of mag 6.1 HD 91805 and the combination of low elevation and the glare of the bright star severely hampered viewing the galaxy. At 225x I was able to place the star just outside the edge of the field which increased the visibility. This galaxy is located 1.3° ENE of NGC 3256 and is probably part of the southern group Klemola 12 (NGC 3256, 3256B, 3261, 3262 and 3263 were observed from Costa Rica).

DeLisle Stewart found IC 2592 = D.S. 351 on an Arequipa plate around 1899 and reported "F, pL, considerably elongated 15°, spir?". His position matches ESO 264-007, a galaxy discovered by John Herschel and catalogued as NGC 3366, though he made a 10 minute error in RA. See Harold Corwin's notes.

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IC 2594 = ESO 501-028 = LGG 209-003 = PGC 31405

10 36 04.2 -24 19 23; Hya

V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.3

14.5" (4/10/21): picked up immediately at 158x; fairly faint, moderate size, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, increases gradually to a brighter core. At 226x the core increases slightly to the center. Several stars are near including two mag 14.6 stars off the NW side and a mag 13.5 star 1.5' SE.

Member of a group (LGG 209), along with NGC 3313, 3331, and 3335.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2594 = Sw. 11-112 on 15 Feb 1898 and noted "eF; pS; R; bet 2 D st sp and nf." His position is 14' too far north, but Howe apparently measured an accurate position (used in the IC). It also appears the two double stars that Swift mentions are not SW and NE, but NW and SE.

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IC 2597 = HCG 48A = ESO 501-058 = AM 1035-264 = MCG -04-25-051 = PGC 31586

10 37 47.3 -27 04 53; Hya

V = 11.8; Size 2.6'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°

24" (3/28/17): fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 N-S, sharp, strong concentration with a very bright core and a diffuse halo extending ~1.2'x0.9'. A mag 14 star is just off the SE edge. One of the brightest members of AGC 1060 and brightest (by far) of 4 in HCG 48.

17.5" (4/1/00): moderately bright, elongated 3:2 N-S, 1.0'x0.7', fairly sharp concentration with a small bright core. A mag 14 star is close SE [40" from center]. This is the brightest member of HCG 48 along with HCG 48B 2.5' S and HCG 48C 2.0' NW. This HCG is actually a subgroup of AGC 1060 whose core is located just 30' SSW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2597 on 13 May 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. With respect to 5th magnitude HD 92036, he noted "20' N and 5' f, not large, not faint." Barnard didn't measure an accurate position or publish his discovery so did not receive credit in the IC. Swift rediscovered IC 2597 on 14 Feb 1898 and recorded Sw. 11-114 (later IC 2597) as "pB; pS; D* nr p." The last comment may refer to a star and HCG 48C. In a note, Swift added "This is not one of Sir John Herschel's 9 [in the Hydra I cluster]. I have another near [HCG 48B?]; stellar." Harold Knox-Shaw listed IC 2597 in a table of new nebulae (1912) found using the 30" Reynolds reflector between 1909-11 at the Helwan Observatory. Probably this was due to Swift's poor position or description.

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IC 2599 = ESO 128-006 = Gum 31 = Ced 108 = part of Gabriela Mistral Nebula

10 37 27.1 -58 44 00; Car

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): I only took a quick look at the "Gabriela Mistral" Nebula nebula at 200x and a UHC filter, but the brightest portion appeared like a cartoon drawing of a whale with a huge, very bright bulbous "head" forming the northern end of the nebula. The brightest portion is perhaps 15'x6' in size, but quite an extensive amount of fainter nebulosity spreads out the east and southeast of the main body, significantly increasing the size to ~15'x11', elongated N-S. Some faint nebulosity also spreads to the west of the main portion. At the south end is the mag 5.5 star HD 92207.

13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): striking HII region and cluster 30' SE of NGC 3293 and 90' NW of the center of the Eta Carina nebula! (this is an outlying piece of the Eta Carina complex) At 105x and UHC filter this huge, elongated, irregular nebula is quite bright, perhaps 15'x6' in size and tapers towards the south end where mag 5.5 HD 92207 is embedded. The nebula widens to a well-defined bulbous mass on the north end. Faint nebulosity hooks off the north end and spreads to the east and northeast. This HII region is ionized by mag 8 HD 92206 = h4338 (an 8.2/9.2 pair at 5") situated near the center of the nebula. Unfiltered, a scattered group of stars is superimposed but this just appears to be a random star grouping in the Carina section of the Milky Way.

Williamina Fleming found IC 2599 = southern part of NGC 3324 on a plate taken in May 1893 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station. In Annals of Harvard College Observatory, vol. 26, page 207, Pickering mentions it surrounds A.G.C. 14525 (SAO 238271) and "has not received a number in Dreyer's catalog". But NGC 3324 (as described by John Herschel) extends as far as that star. So, IC 2599 is really part of NGC 3324.

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IC 2602 = ESO 093-002 = Cr 229 = Southern Pleiades

10 43 00 -64 24; Car

V = 1.9; Size 60'

13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): with the naked-eye, an obvious halo is visible around mag 2.7 Theta Car but only a few stars are resolved naked eye. In the 9x50mm finder, a couple of dozen stars are resolved in a 1° region. The "Southern Pleiades" is too large and scattered for an impressive view in the 13.1". The cluster includes about a dozen mag 6-7.5 stars scattered in the field and a couple of mag 5 stars, along with blue-colored Theta (B-V = -0.2), a well known Blue Straggler. Most of the bright stars are located in two main groups; a 45' string extending N and SW of Theta and a large, detached, rectangular group of stars on the E end of the cluster, roughly 25' from Theta. Melotte 101 lies 40' SSW and is described below.

10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): very bright naked-eye cluster visible as a bloated glow around Theta Carinae with a few individual stars. Gorgeous in 30mm binoculars with at least three dozen stars resolved at only 10x.

Melotte 101

14.5" (4/4/16 - Coonabarabran, 73x and 147x): beautiful, very large cluster, centered 12' E of a mag 5.5 star. Roughly 120-150 stars are resolved, depending on the assumed size. There is no distinct boundary so the size is pretty arbitrary but most of the brighter stars are within a 8'-10' circle. Many of the stars are arranged in long chains and loops. The brightest mag 9.7 star is at the west end, but the majority of the stars are 12-13 magnitude.

Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered IC 2602 = Lac II-9 in 1751-1752 with a 1/2-inch telescope at 8x during his expedition to the Cape of Good Hope. He recorded "The star Theta Navis, of the third magnitude or less, surrounded by a large number of stars of 6th, 7th & 8th magnitude, which resemble the Pleiades." The nickname "Southern Pleiades derives from this description. John Herschel did not record this large naked eye cluster during his observations at the Cape of Good Hope, so it did not receive a GC or NGC designation.

Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at Harvard's high altitude Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII) and Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 2605

10 49 49.6 +32 58 43; LMi

48" (5/4/16): this number refers to the brighter southwestern spiral arm of NGC 3395. This inner arm was fairly easy and well-defined on the south side of the galaxy; it rotates sharply counterclockwise nearly 180°, ending on the east side of the galaxy.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2605 = Big. 402 on 11 Apr 1899 while observing NGC 3395. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan commented, ""Nebulous rounded object, about 20 arcsec across, it would be nearly impossible to make measurements." and estimated an offset of 0.5 seconds of time west and 17" south from the nucleus. Corwin identifies this with the brighter inner spiral arm just south of the core of the galaxy.

The identification of IC 2605 as part of the arm of NGC 3395 was made by Francis Pease in his 1920 paper on descriptions of nebulae photographed with the 60-inch at Mt. Wilson.

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IC 2609 = NGC 3404 = MCG -02-28-011 = PGC 32466

10 50 18.0 -12 06 31; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 2.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 84°

18" (3/29/03): fairly faint, edge-on 4:1 ~E-W, 1.4'x0.3', bright core. NGC 3421 lies 23' SW and NGC 3422.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2609 = Big. 403, a rediscovery of NGC 3404, on 19 Apr 1898. He was searching for Andrew Common's NGC 3404, which had a poor position (off by 15') and reasonably assumed Big. 403 was new. Harold Knox-Shaw suggested the equivalence in his 1915 table of observations of nebulae made at the Helwan Observatory. MCG labeled this galaxy as IC 2609. See Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 2613 = NGC 3395 = Arp 270 NED1 = VV 246b = Holm 215a = UGC 5931 = MCG +06-24-017 = CGCG 184-018 = LGG 218-002 = PGC 32424

10 49 50.1 +32 58 58; LMi

V = 12.1; Size 2.1'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 50°

See observing notes for NGC 3395.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2613 = J. 3-1169 on 13 May 1896 but made a sign error in the RA offset from his comparison star. So, Dreyer assumed it was new. Once corrected his position matches NGC 3395, discovered by William Herschel on 7 Dec 1785.

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IC 2621 = PK 291-4.1 = ESO 093-4 = PN G291.6-04.8

11 00 20.2 -65 14 58; Car

V = 11.4; Size 5"

18" (7/10/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): picked up by blinking with an OIII filter at 76x (27 Panoptic) and appeared as a slightly fuzzy bluish "star". Excellent contrast gain using the filter. Situated in the middle of a string of 3 stars with a mag 11.5 star 1' NW and a mag 10.8 star 75" SE. Appears ~0.5 magnitudes fainter than the SE star (giving an estimated V mag of 11.3) but significantly brighter using the OIII filter. Appears quasi-stellar at 228x, perhaps 3" diameter at most. Located 2° SE of IC 2502 = "Southern Pleiades".

Joseph Lunt discovered IC 2621 = HN 106 visually in 1901 with the Cape Observatory 24-inch Grubb refractor fitted with an object-glass prism. He noted "a stellar nebula found visually with the 24-inch o.g. prism. Mag 10-11." Williamina Fleming independently discovered it in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 124).

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IC 2622 = NGC 3508 = NGC 3505? = MCG -03-28-031 = PGC 33362

11 02 59.7 -16 17 22; Crt

V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 15°

See observing notes for NGC 3508.

Lewis Swift found IC 2622 = Sw. 11-117 on 14 Jan 1898 and noted "eeF; eeS; looks like a D *." His position is poor but refers to NGC 3508, which is 0.5 minutes of RA west and 3' south. The "D[ouble] *" comment refers to the 13th magnitude star at the north edge. NGC 3505 may be another observation of this galaxy. So, NGC 3508 = NGC 3505 = IC 2622.

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IC 2624 = NGC 3528 = NGC 3497 = NGC 3525 = ESO 570-006 = MCG -03-28-037 = PGC 33667

11 07 18.1 -19 28 19; Crt

V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2

See observing notes for NGC 3528.

Lewis Swift found IC 2624 = Sw. 11-118 on 11 Apr 1898 and recorded "cB, pS, round, n of 2 [with IC 2625 = NGC 3529]." His position is 5' S of NGC 3497 and happens to fall very close to NGC 3529. But his description "considerably bright" and "north of 2" clinches the identification IC 2624 = NGC 3497. See NGC 3497 for additional aliases for this galaxy.

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IC 2625 = NGC 3529 = ESO 570-007 = MCG -03-28-038 = PGC 33671

11 07 19.1 -19 33 20; Crt

V = 14.2; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 55°

See observing notes for NGC 3529.

Lewis Swift found IC 2625 = Sw. 11-119 on 11 Apr 1898 and recorded "eeeF; vS; R; s of 2 [with IC 2624 = NGC 3528]. His position is just 1' SE of NGC 3529, so IC 2625 = NGC 3529. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 22 Mar 1835.

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IC 2627 = ESO 502-021 = MCG -04-27-002 = UGCA 227 = AM 1107-232 = PGC 33860

11 09 53.4 -23 43 33; Crt

V = 12.0; Size 2.4'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 66°

48" (4/20/17): fairly bright, fairly large, asymmetric face-on spiral. IC 2627 has a very lopsided appearance with one long, prominent arm and a second arm that is shorter and less contrasty. The central section consisted of a bright, oval core highlighted by a stellar nucleus. A strong, knotty arm emerged on the southeast side of the core and gracefully unfurled counterclockwise towards the west on the south side. It significantly faded just east of a mag 16 star [50" WSW of center]. With averted vision, though, the arm could be followed about 1' further north of this star, but the surface brightness was extremely low. The second arm was more subtle and seemed detached from the core. It extended E-W, ~30" length, on the north side of the core and displayed a sharp northern edge. Several mag 16.5 stars were superimposed or nearby.

18" (3/29/03): fairly large, but fairly faint roundish glow. The surface brightness was irregular at 300x with a patchy appearance (face-on spiral with an asymmetrically brighter arm and knotty appearance on the DSS). Located 8.4' ESE of mag 9.9 SAO 179590.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2627 = Sw. 11-120 on 10 Apr 1898 and reported "eF; L; R; sev st in L semi circle n, in finder field with Beta Crateris." Herbert Howe noted it has "a stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." This was discovered in the last couple of months of Swift's observing career.

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IC 2628 = CGCG 067-030 = PGC 34038

11 11 37.9 +12 07 19; Leo

V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.9

17.5" (5/4/02): extremely faint, very small, requires averted. Located 0.9' WNW of a mag 13.5 star that interferes with viewing this faint galaxy. Much brighter NGC 3559 lies 14' SW. M65/M66 is ~2.5 degrees NE.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2628 = W. VII-1 on a Heidelberg plate taken in March 1906. His position is accurate.

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IC 2631 = Ced 112 = ESO 038-009

11 09 52.8 -76 36 51; Cha

Size 10'

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): surprisingly bright, very large reflection nebula surrounding the mag 9.0 pre-main-sequence star HD 97300 (Herbig Ae/Be dwarf). The nebula extended nearly 8' in diameter (fading out around the edges) and appeared essentially round. It was missed by John Herschel although he picked up NGC 3620, a faint galaxy 32' NE. IC 2631 is not plotted in Tirion's Sky Atlas 2000, Uranometria 2000 (both 1st and 2nd editions), nor the Millennium Star Atlas.

Several star fields to the south of IC 2631 were strangely devoid of stars due to the huge molecular Chamaeleon Dark Cloud. Only a few brighter stars were visible in the 30' field at 200x (13mm Ethos). The center is roughly 40' S of IC 2631 and the dark cloud appears elongated 2:1, roughly 90'x45' N-S.

The Chamaeleon dark cloud complex is a complicated structure consisting of 3 large molecular clouds (designated Cha I, II, III by Hoffmeister 1963) and a number of smaller clumps and globules. The region I observed corresponds with Cha I and contains the reflection nebula Ced 110 = GN 11.04.8 and Ced 111 (surrrounding T Tauri stars HD 97048 = CU Cha and DI Cha).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2631 = D.S. 352 on a plate taken on 22 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "* 9 involved in neb of 2' radius."

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IC 2657 = OGC 134 = 2MASX J11150874+1341406

11 15 08.7 +13 41 41; Leo

V = 16.3; Size 0.4'x0.25'; PA = 131°

48" (5/1/19): at 545x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x12". At 813x the galaxy was clearly elongated at least 3:2 and nearly 2:1 NW-SE. A mag 12.9 star is 1' NW and a very faint mag 17.5 star is 20" S. Located 3.4' S of a mag 10.3 star. IC 2661 lies 7' SE. The SQM reading was 21.87 during the observation. IC 2657 has the second highest known redshift for an IC galaxy at a distance of 2.1 billion light years!

Max Wolf discovered IC 2657 = Wolf VII-33, along with IC 2661, on a plate taken 27 Mar 1906. His position is an exact match with this distant galaxy and he noted "between *11 np and *14 sf, difficult".

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IC 2661 = CGCG 067-043 = PGC 34330

11 15 29.2 +13 36 31; Leo

V = 16.5; Size 0.8'x0.2'; PA = 110°

48" (5/1/19): at 545x and 813x; faint, very elongated 4:1 WNW-ESE, ~30"x7", broad concentration, low nearly even surface brightness with a slightly brighter central region.

SDSSJ111529.53+133634.5, a virtually stellar galaxy (V = 16.1) is at the north edge. IC 2657 lies 7' NW.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2661 = Wolf VII-37 on a plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. His position (on the companion at the north edge) and description matches CGCG 067-043.

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IC 2668 = MCG -02-29-015 = PGC 34333

11 15 32.3 -14 10 16; Crt

Size 1.4'x0.6'; PA = 140°

14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, moderately large, elongated ~5:2 NNW-SSE, low surface brightness, broad concentration with a slightly brighter center but no nucleus, ~1' along major axis. An arc of 4 stars is roughly 7' S to SW. IC 679 lies 20' NE and NGC 3591 is 22' WNW.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 2668 on 25 Apr 1898 with the 20" Clark refractor at Denver. His position is accurate.

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IC 2703 = MCG +03-29-026 = CGCG 096-025 = PGC 34536

11 18 05.1 +17 38 58; Leo

V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.3

24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between extremely and very faint, round, fairly low uniform surface brightness, 0.4' diameter. UGC 6296 (possibly IC 685) lies 20' NW.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 2703 = K. 2-2 around 21 Apr 1894 (1894.3) with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg.

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IC 2714 = ESO 129-18 = OCL-855 = Cr 245

11 17 25 -62 43 18; Car

Size 12'

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this was a surprisingly appealing cluster, roughly 13' in diameter and framed nicely in the 30' field at 200x in the 13mm Ethos. The stars are fairly uniform in brightness with a large number of mag 11-12.5 stars and they give the impression of being connected in numerous loops and chains over the entire cluster. The cluster is not concentrated, though there are several mag 11 stars near the center and a close double. Mel 105 is located 48' SSE.

James Dunlop discovered IC 2714 = D 281 on 27 Apr 1826, the first night he recorded nebulae and clusters with his 9-inch reflector. He made 4 observations and described it on 5 June as a "cluster of very small stars, a little elongated preceding and following or rather elliptical, about 10' diameter; the stars are congregated towards the centre, a pretty bright star south, and a double star south following this."

Apparently John Herschel never observed the cluster, although Dunlop's position was reasonably close. Solon Bailey rediscovered it in 1896 on a photographic plate using a 1-inch f/13 Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC. His description reads "cluster, pretty compressed." In 1927, Harry Wood reported that based on a Franklin-Adams plate, the cluster doesn't agree in appearance with Bailey's description. "This cluster is an open large cluster (12' in diameter) and is the same magnitude and is of the (?) Carinae type. It lies immediately north of CPD -62 1953." In the same note he described the nearby cluster Cr 246.

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IC 2735 = UGC 6364 = MCG +06-25-048 = PGC 34772

11 21 04.0 +34 20 37; UMa

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 100°

17.5" (2/13/88 and 3/12/88): very faint, small, edge-on ~E-W, weak concentration. Located midway on line between a mag 12 star 2.0' E and a mag 15 star 2.2' W. First of six on a line in the core of galaxy cluster AGC 1228 with IC 2738 4.0' ENE and IC 2744 8.0' ENE. Mag 9 SAO 62507 lies 5.3' NE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2735 = J. 3-1177, along with ICs 2738, 2744 and 2751, on 22 May 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 2738 = CGCG 185-042 = MCG +06-25-049 = PGC 34797

11 21 23.0 +34 21 24; UMa

V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8

17.5" (2/13/88 and3/12/88): very faint, extremely small, small bright core, faint stellar nucleus, slightly elongated. A mag 13.5 star is close off the west edge 35" from the center. Second of six in the core of AGC 1228 with IC 2735 4.0' WSW and IC 2744 4.0' E. Mag 9 SAO 62507 lies 3.5' directly north.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2738 = J. 3-1178, along with ICs 2735, 2744 and 2751, on 22 May 1903.

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IC 2744 = CGCG 185-045 = MCG +06-25-052 = PGC 34833

11 21 42.5 +34 21 46; UMa

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9

17.5" (2/13/88 and 3/12/88): very faint, very small, round. A mag 13.5 star is close off the south edge 35" from the center. Third of six on a line in the core of AGC 1228 with IC 2738 4.0' W, IC 2735 8.0' WSW and IC 2751 5.1' E. Mag 9 SAO 62507 lies 5.6' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2744 = J. 3-1179, along with ICs 2735, 2738 and 2751, on 22 May 1903.

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IC 2751 = CGCG 185-047 = PGC 2048050

11 22 07.4 +34 21 59; UMa

V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'

17.5" (2/13/88 and 3/12/88): extremely faint and small, nearly stellar, round. Located 3.2' NNE of CGCG 185-046 and 5.1' E of IC 2744. Fifth of six galaxies in the core of AGC 1228.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2751 = J. 3-1180, along with ICs 2735, 2738 and 2744, on 22 May 1903. His re-reduced position matches CGCG 185-047 = PGC 34873. MCG, PGC, HyperLeda and secondary sources such as Megastar misidentify CGCG 185-046 as IC 2751. Although this galaxy is larger and slightly brighter, it was missed by Javelle.

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IC 2759 = HCG 51E = MCG +04-27-027 = CGCG 126-041 = PGC 34881

11 22 13.3 +24 19 02; Leo

V = 14.1; Size 0.35'x0.35'; Surf Br = 11.0

48" (4/18/15): at 488x; moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, sharply concentrated with a small bright core. First of 7 in HCG 51 with HCG 51B 1.0' S.

17.5" (5/11/96): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, moderate surface brightness. This member of HCG 51 forms a close pair with HCG 51B = MCG +04-27-026 1.0' S. A mag 13 star lies 2.0' NW. Located 3.2' NW of brightest member NGC 3651.

HCG 51B = MCG +04-27-026 appeared very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 0.9'x0.6', very weak concentration. Larger of close pair with IC 2759 1.0' N, though has a significantly lower surface brightness. Modern catalogues misidentify this galaxy as IC 2759.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2759 = Big. 405 on 24 Apr 1897 and noted "strong stellar object that appears accompanied by nebulosity; a mag 13 star at p = 300 °, d = 2'.5." His position is close to HCG 51B and 51E (similar in brightness). Based on my visual observation I suggested to Harold Corwin that IC 2759 = HCG 51E = CGCG 126-041 and he confirmed this identification based on Bigourdan's micrometric offsets from NGC 3651. Modern catalogues (CGCG, PGC, UGC, MCG, RC3 and secondary sources such as Megastar) misidentify CGCG 126-040 = HCG 51B as IC 2759.

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IC 2764 = ESO 439-008 = KTS 43A = PGC 35222

11 27 05.0 -28 58 49; Hya

V = 12.2; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.0

18" (3/19/04): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 35" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 11 star is just off the northeast edge 48" from the center. A mag 9 star (SAO 179902) lies 5.7' ENE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2764 = Sw. 11-121 on 1 Jan 1898 and reported "pB; pS; R; 10m * close nf; 7m * f[ollowing]." There is nothing near his position, but 5 minutes of time following is this relatively bright galaxy that matches his description. MCG doesn't identify this galaxy as IC 2764, but it is correctly identified in modern sources.

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IC 2850 = MCG +02-29-030 = CGCG 067-082 = Holm 257f = PGC 35301

11 28 12.9 +09 03 44; Leo

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.1

18" (5/3/11): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 0.5' NW of mag 14 star. First of 6 IC galaxies in the IC 698 group.

17.5" (2/28/87): very faint, elongated NW-SE, very small, requires averted. A mag 14.5 star is just off the SE edge 33" from the center. Fifth brightest in the IC 698 group and forms a pair with IC 2853 5.1' N.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2850 = W. VII-222, along with IC 2853 and 2857, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. He reported "pB, S, E at 120°, bM, * 13 sf 1/2'."

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IC 2853 = UGC 6470 = MCG +02-29-031 = Holm 257c = PGC 35302

11 28 14.9 +09 08 48; Leo

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 15°

18" (5/3/11): faint to fairly faint, small, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, ~25"x15", slightly brighter core. Located less than 1' SSW of a mag 10 star (SAO 118877) that hampers the view. A mag 13.5 star is a similar distance east, forming a small equilateral triangle with the galaxy. Furthest NW in the IC 698 group. The SDSS shows a nice barred spiral with a more prominent arm emerging from the south end of the bar.

17.5" (2/28/87): faint, small, oval SSW-NNE, weak concentration. Located just 0.9' SSW of a mag 10 star. A mag 14 star is 0.9' E. First of four brighter galaxies in the IC 698 group with IC 2850 5.1' S and IC 2857 4.8' SE.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2853 = W. VII-225, along with IC 2850 and 2857, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. He reported "pB, pS, E in 160°, bM, forms a triangle with 2 stars."

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IC 2857 = UGC 6475 = MCG +02-29-033 = FGC 1253 = Holm 257e = PGC 35320

11 28 31.1 +09 06 14; Leo

V = 14.5; Size 1.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 161°

18" (5/3/11): extremely faint, moderately large, edge-on NNW-SSE, required averted and can only glimpse for moments so not well seen. Located 2.2' W of IC 696 and 1.3' S of a mag 13.5 star. This is the faintest of 6 galaxies in the IC 698 group.

17.5" (2/28/87): extremely faint, edge-on NNW-SSE, visible only part of time with averted. A mag 14.5 star is off the north end 1.3' from center. Sixth brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 2853 4.8' NW.

Max Wolf discovered IC 2857 = W. VII-229, along with IC 2850 and 2853, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. He reported "F, pL, 2' x 1/4' in PA 160°, bM." Rudolph Spitaler missed this galaxy when he went through the field visually on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at the Wien Observatory.

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IC 2913 = ESO 439-016 = MCG -05-27-016 = PGC 35554

11 31 51.3 -30 24 39; Hya

V = 13.0; Size 0.8'x0.8'

48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, round, 0.6' diameter, moderate even surface brightness but no obvious core/nucleus. Located 7.4' SE of NGC 3717.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2913 = Sw. 11-122 on 12 Feb 1898 and recorded "vB; pS; R; sf of 3717." His position is 1.5' too far southeast, but the identification is certain.

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IC 2943 = CGCG 268-062 = Mrk 41 = PGC 35926

11 36 42.3 +54 50 45; UMa

V = 14.7; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1

17.5" (3/19/88): very faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Forms a close pair with brighter NGC 3759 located 2' SE. Member of AGC 1318.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 2943 visually on 6 Jul 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory.

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IC 2944 = ESO 094-004 = OCL-862 = RCW 62 = Gum 42 = Ced 118

11 35 47 -63 01 11; Cen

V = 4.5; Size 40'x20'

See IC 2948.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 2944 = F. 789, along with IC 2948, on a 24-inch photographic plate taken at the Arequipa station on 5 May 1904. He noted nebulosity but not the scattered cluster. Images reveal several interesting dark blobs called Thackeray's Globules (dense star forming regions). The IC designations refer to different parts of the same HII complex. See Harold Corwin's notes on this object.

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IC 2948 = ESO 094-005 = RCW 62 = Gum 42 = Lambda Cen Nebula = Running Chicken Nebula

11 39 05 -63 26 36; Cen

Size 40'x35'

13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): this is a bright and fascinating HII region SE of Lambda Cen using a 20mm Nagler with an OIII filter! It surrounds open cluster Cr 249 (notes below), which is encased in nebulosity. Additional haze extends beyond the cluster towards the SE for several arc minutes. The nebulosity then bends sharply and a bright section extends to the N. This region is wider and brighter than other areas. The brightest sections roughly form a huge "7" shape, perhaps 30' in size! This object is nicknamed the "Running Chicken Nebula" and photographs reveal several embedded Bok globules.

Cr 249 = Lambda Cen cluster is a bright group of two dozen stars elongated NW-SE, ~12'-15' diameter, centered ~30' SE of 3rd magnitude Lambda Cen. Situated in the midst of a fascinating field of nebulosity and dark lane which run just north of the cluster and which spreads out to the east of the cluster! The field seems riddled with dark lanes and brighter patches. Mag 6.5 HD 101205 is near the center of the group and a mag 7 star lies 4.6' NW.

10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): prominent region in 10x30 binoculars. Includes Lambda Centauri and 4 bright stars in a string to the southeast. These stars are involved in an extremely large nebulous haze (unfiltered).

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 2948 = F. 790, along with IC 2944, on a photographic plate taken 5 May 1904 with the 24-inch refractor at the Arequipa station. He noted nebulosity only. See notes on IC 2944.

Based on a photograph taken with the Franklin-Adams camera in June 1910 at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, H.E. Woods described "A very large nebulous region - irregular in shape, somewhat resembling a pear. The star Lambda Centauri is involved in the nebula at the narrow end of the of the pear. The stars CPD -62°, 2154, 2168, 2164, 2186, 2184, 2206 and 2142 are also surrounded by nebulosity. There are rifts through the nebula breaking it up into three main portions. The bright portion of the nebula covers about 40' in declination and 5 minutes in RA, but there are fainter extensions about 1° from the main body."

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IC 2951 = UGC 6688 = MCG +03-30-061 = CGCG 097-082 = PGC 36436

11 43 24.5 +19 44 59; Leo

V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 80°

17.5" (2/20/88): very faint, small, edge-on E-W. A mag 13 star is at the east edge 41" from the center. Forms a close pair with UGC 6683 2' W within AGC 1367.

Friedrich Bidschof discovered IC 2951 visually in February 1897 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position in 1898AN....147..257B is very accurate.

Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 9 May 1904, along with UGC 6683, and included it in his unpublished 4th catalogue as J. 1735. He apparently missed the equivalence with IC 2951.

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IC 2953 = NGC 3855 = UGC 6709 = MCG +06-26-025 = CGCG 186-033 = WAS 31 = PGC 36508

11 44 25.8 +33 21 18; UMa

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 65°

17.5" (4/14/01): faint, small, round, 0.8', low even surface brightness

17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness. On a line with two mag 14 stars located 6'-7' SE. In a group (USGC U418) with NGC 3847 10' NNW, IC 2952 1.8' W and MCG +06-26-028 4.5' ESE (not observed on 2/24/90). The identifications are very uncertain in this group.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2953 = J. 1189 on 11 Jun 1896. His position matches UGC 6709. NGC 3855, discovered by d'Arrest, perhaps refers to this galaxy, although other identifications have been proposed. See NGC 3855 for the story.

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IC 2955 = MCG +03-30-096 = CGCG 097-128 = PGC 36603

11 45 03.9 +19 37 14; Leo

V = 14.0; Size 0.2'x0.2'; Surf Br = 10.3

17.5" (3/12/88): faint, very small, round, weak concentration. This is the fainter member of a very close pair with NGC 3862 in AGC 1367, situated just 0.9' NNW of NGC 3862.

13.1" (2/25/84): very faint, extremely small, round, requires averted. Located just off NNW edge of NGC 3862.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2955 = Big. 406 on 28 Mar 1886 in an observation of NGC 3862.

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IC 2959 = NGC 3871 = UGC 6744 = MCG +06-26-031 = CGCG 186-041 = PGC 36702

11 46 10.2 +33 06 31; UMa

V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 105°

17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, elongated E-W. First of four and forms the west vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides 4' length with NGC 3880 and NGC 3881 to the NE and east and also forms a rhombus using a mag 13 star 3.7' SE.

Stephane Javelle found IC 2959 = J. 3-1194 on 11 Jun 1896. His position matches NGC 3871, discovered by John Herschel on 3 Apr 1831 but with a very poor RA. As a result Javelle assumed it was new, although Rudolph Spitaler corrected the RA in 1891 at the Wein Observatory. So, IC 2959 = NGC 3871.

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IC 2965 = NGC 3957 = ESO 572-014 = MCG -03-30-017 = PGC 37326

11 54 01.5 -19 34 09; Crt

V = 11.8; Size 3.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 173°

See observing notes for NGC 3957.

Lewis Swift found IC 2965 = Sw. 11-124 on 20 Feb 1898 and reported "B, S, eE, a ray." There is nothing at his position, but 3.5 minutes of time east (same declination) is NGC 3957 and the description fits. Harold Corwin suggests NGC 3957 = IC 2965, the only plausible candidate he could find.

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IC 2966 = ESO 094-008 = VdBH 56 = Ced 121

11 50 13.5 -64 52 23; Mus

Size 3'x2'

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly faint, fairly large elongated glow surrounding a 43" pair of stars oriented E-W (viewed unfiltered). This reflection nebula extends at least 2'x1' and perhaps 2.5'x1.25'. Located 22' NW of mag 4.9 HD 103079 (close double COO 130 = 5.2/7.4 at 1.6").

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 2966 = F. 791 = D 266? on a photographic plate taken 5 May 1904 with the 24-inch refractor at the Arequipa station.

James Dunlop possibly discovered it on 8 May 1826. He made a second observation on 4 Jun and recorded "A very small nebula, very bright immediately at the center; the bright point is nearly equal in brightness to one of the (two) minute stars north of the nebula. I do not think the bright point is a star, but a very high condensed nucleus, surrounded by a faint chevelure, not more than 10" diameter. Another very minute nebula precedes it." Dunlop's position is 16' NW of IC 2966 and it may be too faint to have been picked up in his 9-inch speculum reflector (equivalent to a 6" or so), so this identification is uncertain.

Van den Bergh and Herbst included this object as No. 56 in their Catalogue of Southern Stars Embedded in Nebulosity (AJ, 1975), noting that it had a high surface brightness and was equally bright on both the red and blue plates. The maximum diameter on the red plate was 2.4' and the blue plate was 2.6'.

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IC 2968 = CGCG 127-085 = PGC 37192

11 52 30.5 +20 37 31; Leo

V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 80°

17.5" (4/7/89): very faint, small, very elongated E-W. Located 3' W of NGC 3937 in a group.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 2968 on 2 Apr 1894 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. The CGCG and UGC notes to NGC 3937 misidentify this galaxy as IC 2958. Harold Corwin notes that RNGC, UGC, NGC 2000.0, and PGC all incorrectly equate IC 2968 with NGC 3937.

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IC 2969 = MCG -01-30-040 = PGC 37196

11 52 31.3 -03 52 20; Vir

Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 108°

24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~40"x30", low nearly even surface brightness. Located 14' W of mag 8.1 HD 103252. Observation made with the galaxy several hours past the meridian (elevation 25°).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2969 = Sw. 11-125 on 4 May 1897 and recorded "eF; pS; R; B[right] * f[ollows] 55 sec; np of 2." There is nothing at his position but 8.6' S is MCG -01-30-040. The bright star is mag 8.2 HD 103252 and the galaxy southeast is Swift's IC 2972 (identical to NGC 3952).

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IC 2972 = NGC 3952 = MCG -01-30-044 = PGC 37285

11 53 40.6 -03 59 46; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°

See observing notes for NGC 3952.

Lewis Swift found IC 2972 = Sw. 11-127 on 23 Mar 1895 at Lowe Observatory and reported "vF; pS; R; 2 B stars n and np; s of 2 [with IC 2969]." His position is just 1.2' N of NGC 3952 and the description of the nearby stars matches. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on 11 Mar 1787 and his position has a comparable accuracy, so its surprising that neither Swift nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence.

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IC 2974 = MCG -01-30-045 = PGC 37304

11 53 48.7 -05 10 04; Vir

V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 100°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 182x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly large, very thin and attractive edge-on ~8:1 E-W, ~1.5'x0.25'. Bulges slightly in the modestly brighter center. A mag 14.9 star is just beyond the eastern tip. Located 7' SE of mag 9.3 HD 103275.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2974 = Sw. 11-128 on 23 Mar 1895 and reported "eeeF, vS, lE, ray; in vacancy, 4 F sts in line s; 1 B and 3 F sts n." His position is less than 3' NNE of MCG -01-30-045 and the description fits. Corwin notes his comment "l[ittle] e[longated]" is probably a typo, as his second discovery list from Lowe Observatory in PASP calls this edge-on "eE" (extremely elongated). The date was on the first night that Swift made discoveries at Lowe Observator (along with IC 2972 and 2974) in southern California.

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IC 2976 = NGC 3979 = UGC 6907 = MCG +00-31-003 = CGCG 013-005 = PGC 37488

11 56 01.1 -02 43 15; Vir

V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 112°

See observing notes for NGC 3979.

Lewis Swift found IC 2976 = Sw. 11-129 on 23 May 1897 and reported "vF; vS; R; vF * near nf." There is nothing at his position but 1.5 minutes of RA east is NGC 3979 and the star close northeast clinches this identification. Swift also found this galaxy in 1886, but the original discovery goes to Edward Holden in 1881.

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IC 2977 = AM 1152-372 = ESO 379-009 = MCG -06-26-014 = LGG 256-004 = PGC 37405

11 55 14.7 -37 41 47; Cen

V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 121°

14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.4'. Contains at slightly brighter nucleus at 226x. A mag 13.2 star is 1' NW and several mag 11 and 12 stars are in the field to the east and west. Located 10' ENE of mag 6.5 HD 103437. Member of a loose, poor group (LGG 256).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2977 = Sw. 11-130 on 29 Dec 1897 and reported "eF; vS; 7m * south-preceding." His position is quite poor; 13' too far south and 35 seconds of RA too small. But mag 7.5 HD 103437 is southwest of this galaxy, confirming the identification.

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IC 2979 = UGC 6925 = MCG +05-28-054 = CGCG 157-059 = PGC 37559

11 56 54.3 +32 09 33; UMa

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 0°

17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S, even surface brightness. Located 3' SE of mag 8.0 SAO 62767. Picked up viewing the NGC 3955 group with NGC 3986 8' S and NGC 3966 15' WNW. Verified on the POSS.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2979 = J. 3-1201, along with IC 2981, on 12 Jun 1896. There is nothing at the IC position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle made a 1 degree error in the north polar distance of his offset star. Once corrected, his position fits UGC 6925 perfectly. Due to this error, modern catalogues fail to identify their equivalent entries as IC 2979. NED and HyperLeda now use the IC designation.

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IC 2981 = MCG +05-28-048 = CGCG 157-056 = PGC 37462

11 55 42.6 +32 11 21; UMa

V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2

17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, round. Two mag 13/14 stars are 1.3' W. Member of the NGC 3995 group. Incorrectly identified as NGC 3966 in modern sources.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2981 = J. 3-1202, along with IC 2979, on 12 Jun 1896. He used the same comparison star (BD +33 2172) for IC 2979 for which there was a one degree error its north polar distance, but after making this correction there is nothing at the position for IC 2981. None of the major galaxy catalogues include a listing for IC 2981 except for MOL (Master Optical List) and NGC 2000 (at the incorrect IC declination). However, Corwin found that reversing the sign of the RA offset points directly at CGCG 157-056 = PGC 37462. This identification is given here.

To further confuse the issue, PGC 37462 is misidentified as NGC 3966 in RNGC, MCG, CGCG and PGC. Max Wolf suggested that Heinrich d'Arrest's single position was 30 seconds off in RA. His "corrected" position is given in the IC 2 Notes and matches PGC 37462. But Harold Corwin (e-mail from 3/6/98) found that d'Arrest's description did not match this galaxy, particularly the nearby mag 12-13 star. d'Arrest mentions he was searching for h1027 = NGC 3986, and this galaxy matches his description of the nearby star! So, despite a poor match in RA and Dec, NGC 3966 = NGC 3986, instead.

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IC 2982 = NGC 4004B = CGCG 157-063 = Holm 312b = WBL 367-002 = PGC 37636

11 57 51.4 +27 52 07; Leo

V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 75°

17.5" (4/9/99): faint, very small, elongated 20"x15" SW-NE. Just follows a mag 11 star [45" to center] which is the brightest star in an inverted "L" asterism and which detracts from viewing. Located 3.1' W of NGC 4004 and 6.0' W of NGC 3988.

J.L.E. Dreyer probably discovered IC 2982 = Big. 285 = NGC 4004B on 5 Apr 1877. A sketch reproduced in the 1880 LdR Monograph shows GC 2633 [later NGC 3988] and a second nebula close following a star. Dreyer assumed this was GC 2645 [later NGC 4004], but the placement with respect to the included stars matches IC 2982.

Guillaume Bigourdan "officially" discovered IC 2982 again on 28 Apr 1894. The IC position is 3' too far south but Corwin's re-reduced position is a good match and his description fits. Bigourdan is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 2989 = NGC 4139 = MCG +00-31-030 = CGCG 013-061 = WBL 372-013 = PGC 38213

12 04 34.0 +01 48 05; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 30°

24" (4/15/23): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 30"-35" major axis, broad concentration with a slightly brighter core. Fainter and smaller of a pair with NGC 4077 only 1.3' SE.

17.5" (5/10/86): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small bright core. Forms a close pair with NGC 4077 just 1.3' NW in a group. Located 6.0' SSE of NGC 4073. This galaxy is identified as IC 2989 in the UGC, MCG and CGCG.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2989 = Big. 287 on 29 Mar 1895. This was the third discovery of NGC 4139 = CGCG 013-061 = PGC 38213. Heinrich d'Arrest first discovered this galaxy in 1863, but made a 5 minute error in RA. David Todd rediscovered the galaxy on 6 Jan 1878 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. As there nothing at the NGC position, Dorothy Carlson and the RNGC classified NGC 4139 as nonexistent. CGCG labels this galaxy as IC 2989.

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IC 2995 = ESO 440-050 = MCG -05-29-008 = UGCA 268 = LGG 270-002 = PGC 38330

12 05 46.9 -27 56 25; Hya

V = 12.2; Size 3.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 117°

18" (4/29/06): faint, fairly large, very elongated WSW-ENE. In poor seeing appears as a low surface brightness, elongated strip with an irregular, patchy surface brightness and a slightly brighter bulging center but no defined core. Mag 9.5 HD 105111 lies 5.3' ESE. Member of the NGC 4105 group.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 2995 = Sw. 11-131 on 30 Dec 1897 and noted "vF; L; cE; 8m * near f[ollowing]; np of 2 [with Sw. 11-133]." The second entry was actually observed 2 nights later, so he may have added the comment "np of 2" when preparing his manuscript. Howe observed the field in 1899-00 and reported, "These were discovered on different nights; their positions agree closely, and their descriptions fairly. I examined the locality on two nights, and found only one nebula, which is elongated at 120°, is about 1.5' long, and points toward a star of mag 9, which follows 15 or 20 seconds." So, Sw. 11-133 is a duplicate entry for IC 2995.

DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on an Arequipa plate in 1899, measured the position, and noted "F, cL, ellip. sp form, E at 125°." In 1921 it was described at the Helwan Observatory as "F, 3' x 1', E 115°; irr. spiral; the south-following portion is probably absorbed."

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IC 2996 = ESO 440-051 = MCG -05-29-006 = LGG 271-004 = PGC 38334

12 05 48.6 -29 58 19; Hya

V = 13.5; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 21°

18" (5/28/06): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is attached at the south edge. Located 17' SW of NGC 4105/4106 pair.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2996 = D.S. 357 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, vS, E at 20°, * sp."

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IC 3010 = ESO 441-006 = MCG -05-29-020 = LGG 270-005 = PGC 38511

12 07 57.4 -30 20 22; Hya

V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 84°

18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, moderately large, round, fairly low surface brightness, 1' diameter, broad concentration to an ill-defined core. A 9' string of a half-dozen mag 13/14 stars extends to the south-southwest from the galaxy. Located 38' SE of IC 3010.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3010 = Sw. 11-134 on 11 Apr 1898 and noted "eeeF; cS; R; D * sf; v diff." Based on an observation in 1900 with the 20" refractor in Denver, Herbert Howe reported "the "D * sf" is of mags 10-10.5, angle 45°, and distance 40"; it is 8' from the nebula. Just south of the nebula, and pointing at it is a row of five stars of average mag 11.5, the farthest being less than 10' away [mentioned in my observation]. The nebula is considerably brighter than the description "eeF, v diff." would imply."

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IC 3011 = NGC 4124 = NGC 4119: = UGC 7117 = MCG +02-31-036 = CGCG 069-058 = PGC 38527

12 08 09.7 +10 22 43; Vir

V = 11.3; Size 4.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 114°

See observing notes for NGC 4124.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3011 = Sn. 124 on a plate taken 23 Feb 1900 with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4124, although he and Dreyer missed the earlier NGC designation. Also see NGC 4119.

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IC 3015 = ESO 441-009 = MCG -05-29-023 = LGG 271-009 = PGC 38588

12 09 00.3 -31 31 12; Hya

V = 12.3; Size 2.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 166°

18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 1.2'x0.4', bulging center, even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is just off the SSE extension [45" from center]. Located 3.7' W of a mag 9.6 star and 19' ESE mag 6.8 HD 105330.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3015 = Sw. 11-135 on 31 Jan 1898 and recorded "pB; vF * close sf; vE at 45°." His position is poor (7' too far southwest), as well as the position angle (P.A. 166°), but a star is close southeast. Herbert Howe reported in 1900 "the "* close sf" is of mag 10.5, and follows 2 seconds, 0.6' south." Howe also measured an accurate position (used by Dreyer in the IC 2).

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IC 3035 = NGC 4165 = UGC 7201 = MCG +02-31-045 = CGCG 069-078 = WBL 386-002 = PGC 38885

12 12 11.8 +13 14 47; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°

See observing notes for NGC 4165.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3035 = Sn. 222 on plate taken 16 Nov 1900 with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4165, although he and Dreyer missed the earlier NGC designation from d'Arrest. Also see NGC 4119.

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IC 3039 = MCG +02-31-048 = CGCG 069-084 = KUG 1209+125 = PGC 38919

12 12 32.6 +12 18 36; Vir

V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.35'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 22°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~20"x8". A mag 15.7 star is 1' NNE, a mag 14.8 star is 1.6' NE and a mag 11.1 star is 2.6' SW.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3039 = F. 820 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 7 May 1904.

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IC 3042 = NGC 4178 = UGC 7215 = MCG +02-31-050 = CGCG 069-088 = PGC 38943

12 12 46.4 +10 51 57; Vir

V = 11.4; Size 5.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 30°

See observing notes for NGC 4178.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3042 = Sn. 151 on 6 Sep 1900 on a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4178. Neither he nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence in position so this galaxy was catalogued again as IC 3042.

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IC 3050 = NGC 4189 = UGC 7235 = MCG +02-31-054 = CGCG 069-092 = LGG 285-003 = PGC 39025

12 13 47.5 +13 25 33; Com

V = 11.7; Size 2.7'x2.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°

See observing notes for NGC 4189.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3050 = Sn. 227 on 16 Nov 1900 with a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4189, although he and Dreyer missed or didn't check the earlier NGC designation. There are a number of similar cases with Schwassmann's list of nebulae in the Virgo-Coma region including nearby NGC 4193 = IC 3051.

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IC 3051 = NGC 4193 = UGC 7234 = MCG +02-31-053 = CGCG 069-091 = LGG 285-009 = PGC 39040

12 13 53.6 +13 10 22; Vir

V = 12.3; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93°

See observing notes for NGC 4193.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3051 = Sn. 228 on 16 Nov 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4193, although he and Dreyer missed or didn't check the earlier NGC designation. There are a number of similar cases with Schwassmann's list of nebulae in the Virgo-Coma region including nearby NGC 4189 = IC 3050.

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IC 3061 = UGC 7255 = MCG +02-31-063 = CGCG 069-101 = FGC 167A = PGC 39152

12 15 04.5 +14 01 44; Com

V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 122°

17.5" (4/25/98): very faint, small, elongated NW-SE, 0.9'x0.4'. Picked up with averted vision 11' NW of NGC 4212. Precedes a pair of evenly matched stars [mag 13/14 at 22"] by ~2'. Observation in poor transparency.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3061 = Sn 274 on 22 Nov 1900 with a plate taken using the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Based on a plate taken with Harvard's 24" photographic refractor at Arequipa station in July 1904, Frost described "spiral, edgewise, extends 1.5' at 135°."

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IC 3064 = NGC 4206 = UGC 7260 = MCG +02-31-066 = CGCG 069-107 = Holm 353b = PGC 39183

12 15 16.7 +13 01 26; Vir

V = 12.2; Size 6.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 0°

See observing notes for NGC 4206.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3064 = Sn. 230 on 14 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4206 although he and Dreyer missed or didn't check the earlier NGC designation. There are a number of similar cases with Schwassmann's list of nebulae in the Virgo-Coma region.

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IC 3065 = MCG +03-31-082 = CGCG 098-114 = LGG 292-061 = PGC 39173

12 15 12.6 +14 25 58; Com

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 179°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, even surface brightness, 0.6'x0.5' diameter. A mag 10.7 star is 7' NNE and a mag 11.2 star is 6' ESE. Located 53' W of M99.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3065 = F. 834 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 7 May 1904.

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IC 3074 = UGC 7279 = MCG +02-31-071 = PGC 39233

12 15 46.3 +10 41 50; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 2.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 160°

17.5" (5/14/88): very faint, moderately large, thin edge-on NNW-SSE, low even surface brightness with no central brightening.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3074 = Sn. 152 on 6 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Based on a plate taken with Harvard's 24" photographic refractor at Arequipa station in July 1904, Frost reported "extends 2' at 170° (Sch. 152)."

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IC 3077 = UGC 7285 = MCG +03-31-085 = CGCG 098-118 = LGG 289-066 = PGC 39256

12 15 56.3 +14 25 59; Com

V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 0°

24" (5/20/20): at 225x; extremely faint, fairly small, very low surface brightness, requires averted vision to glimpse. Located 11' E of brighter IC 3065. Also, brighter CGCG 098-124 is 9' NE.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3077 = F. 839 on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 7 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 15". The UGC and CGCG list this galaxy but do not identify it as IC 3077.

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IC 3098 = NGC 4235 = UGC 7310 = MCG +01-31-036 = CGCG 041-062 = Holm 359a = PGC 39389

12 17 09.8 +07 11 28; Vir

V = 11.6; Size 4.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 48°

See observing notes for NGC 4235

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3098 = Sn. 5 on 30 Oct 1899 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory. His position matches NGC 4235, though both he and Dreyer missed the earlier discovery by William Herschel. So, IC 3098 = NGC 4235.

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IC 3099 = UGC 7313 = MCG +02-31-079 = CGCG 069-126 = FGC 1399 = Holm 360B = LGG 285-007 = PGC 39390

12 17 09.3 +12 27 14; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 2.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 173°

48" (2/28/19): at 488x; almost moderately bright and large, edge-on 6:1 nearly N-S, at least 1.2'x0.2', brighter elongated core, patchy arms. A mag 15.8 star is close off the NE flank [30" from center]. Situated 7' SE of mag 9.0 HD 106785.

SDSS J121644.34+122450.5 is located 6.5' SW. This 18th magnitude galaxy is a superluminous spiral at 3 billion light years. It appeared extremely faint, very small, round, ~15". Definite with averted vision, though only seen ~25% of the time.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3099 = Sn. 235 on a plate taken with a 6" astrograph on 14 Sep 1900 at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost called it "bM, ex. 1.5' at 170°" based on a plate taken at Arequipa.

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IC 3102 = NGC 4223 = UGC 7319 = MCG +01-31-038 = CGCG 041-0653 = LGG 278-004 = PGC 39412

12 17 25.8 +06 41 24; Vir

V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 128°

17.5" (3/24/90): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated WNW-ESE, bright core, larger faint extensions with averted. Located 5' N of mag 7.9 SAO 119308.

The galaxy described above is misidentified as NGC 4241 in modern catalogues. It forms a pair with IC 3115 (the "real" NGC 4241) 8' ESE.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3102 = Sn. 6 on 30 Oct 1899 using a plate taken with the 6-inch astrographic refractor at Heidelberg. His position matches the galaxy generally identified as NGC 4241. But Corwin argues that the traditional NGC identification is incorrect and it should be labeled as NGC 4223. So IC 3102 = NGC 4223, instead of IC 3102 = NGC 4241. See his discussion under NGC 4223.

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IC 3104 = ESO 020-004 = PGC 39573

12 18 46.0 -79 43 34; Cha

V = 12.8; Size 3.8'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 45°

25" (3/31/19 - OzSky): this nearby galaxy (7.4 million l.y.) is located 25' S of mag 4.2 Beta Cha at the edge of the Chamaeleon III cloud in an obscured region. At 244x; fairly faint, fairly large, oval 2:1 SW-NE, ~1.3'x0.6'. The galaxy has a low surface brightness with no obvious core or zones but it appeared somewhat uneven or patchy with an occasional dim knot to the NE of center. A mag 13.2 star is superimposed on the SW side. A mag 10.6 star is 2.7' NW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 3104 = D.S. 357 on a plate taken on 22 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, cS, or v S Cl, * 12 sp 0.5'."

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IC 3113 = NGC 4246 = UGC 7334 = MCG +01-31-041 = CGCG 041-070 = Holm 359b = PGC 39479

12 17 58.1 +07 11 08; Vir

V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 83°

See observing notes for NGC 4246.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3113 = Sn. 7 on 30 Oct 1899 using a plate taken with the 6-inch astrographic refractor at Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4246. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel, and his position is a few arcmin too far south, so perhaps Schwassmann and Dreyer assumed it was new or as Corwin suggested, both simply missed the earlier identity. Adelaide Ames listed in the identity in her 1930 catalogue of galaxies in the Coma-Virgo region.

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IC 3115 = NGC 4241 = UGC 7333 = VV 431 = MCG +01-31-040 = CGCG 041-069 = PGC 39483

12 17 59.8 +06 39 16; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.9

17.5" (3/24/90): extremely faint, oval, very low surface brightness. Forms a pair with NGC 4223 8' WNW. This galaxy is identified as IC 3115 in modern catalogues and the brighter, western galaxy is usually catalogued as NGC 4241. My identification (NGC 4241 = IC 3115 = UGC 7333) follows the historical record.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3115 = Sn. 8 on 30 Oct 1899 using a Heidelberg plate taken with a 6" astrograph. His position matches NGC 4241 = UGC 7333. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel, and his position is pretty good, but the NGC position is not, so Schwassmann and Dreyer assumed it was new. Most modern sources identify this galaxy as IC 3115 only, though the NGC designation should take precedence.

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IC 3134 = CGCG 070-003 = PGC 39593

12 18 56.1 +08 57 42; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4

17.5" (5/14/88): faint, very small, round, broad concentration. A mag 15 star is 30" NE. Forms a pair with IC 776 6' SSE.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3134 = Sn. 41 on 12 Feb 1900 with a plate taken at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. He noted "vF, vS, E 0°."

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IC 3136 = UGC 7349 = MCG +01-31-048 = CGCG 042-005 = PGC 39601

12 18 57.4 +06 11 04; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°

24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 30"x12", even surface brightness. Located 8' NW of NGC 4260.

Auguste Voigt discovered IC 3136 = Voigt 2 = Sn. 2, along with IC 3155, on 27 Apr 1865 during an observation of NGC 4260. His position was 2' too far N, based on a single observation. None of Voigt's discoveries with the 31-inch silvered-glass reflector at Marseilles were published, but it is clearly listed in his observation logs (first published in 1987).

Arnold Schwassmann discovered the galaxy on a plate taken on 5 Apr 1894 at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Bigourdan found it again visually on 31 Mar 1902. Schwassmann (Sn. 2) was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 3137 = UGC 7347 = FGC 1407 = PGC 39580

12 18 54.7 +12 28 12; Vir

V = 16.5; Size 1.0'x0.15'; PA = 44°

82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 400x; low surface brightness, thin edge-on, 5:1 oriented SW-NE, ~40"x8". Forms a line-of-sight pair with IC 3138 1.5' SSW.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3137 = F. 858, along with IC 3138, on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He described it accurately as a "streak extending 1' at 45°."

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IC 3138 = LEDA 213972

12 18 56.2 +12 26 43; Vir

V = 15.7; Size 0.4'x0.3'

82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 400x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 15"x12". A mag 17.0 star is off the SW edge. Forms a pair with IC 3137 1.5' NNW.

IC 3138 lies a distance of 1.2 billion l.y. but IC 3137 is 4 times closer.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3138 = F. 859, along with IC 3137, on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He described it as "R, bM, magn. 15.5."

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IC 3152 = ESO 506-001 = MCG -04-29-018 = PGC 39688

12 19 36.0 -26 08 44; Hya

V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 40°

14.5" (4/12/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~0.6' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 3' SE of mag 8.4 HD 10782.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3152 = Sw. 11-136 on 1 Jan 1898 and reported "pB; S; R; bet 4 st sf and 8m * np." His position in his accumulated large 11th list is 2' SE of ESO 506-001, while the RA in his earlier 8th Mt. Lowe discovery paper was 3' too far W. In any case, his description is a perfect match.

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IC 3153 = CGCG 042-019 = Holm 368g = WBL 397-002 = PGC 39693

12 19 36.8 +05 23 52; Vir

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.45'

24" (4/28/14): faint, small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness. Located 3.9' ENE of NGC 4259. Forms the western vertex of an isosceles triangle with NGC 4273 6' SE and NGC 4270 5' NW.

17.5" (3/28/87): at 220x; very faint, small, almost round, diffuse. Located 3' E of NGC 4259 in the NGC 4261 group and second faintest of 8 in the field.

Hermann A. Kobold discovered IC 3153 on 8 Apr 1894 with the 18" refractor at the Strasboug Observatory. He noted "vF, S, NGC 4273 near." His position is an exact match with CGCG 042-019 = PGC 39693.

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IC 3155 = MCG +01-32-003 = CGCG 042-022 = Holm 365b = WBL 392-011 = PGC 39708

12 19 45.3 +06 00 21; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 34°

24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, very weak concentration, 30"x18". Slightly larger than NGC 4269 (though lower surface brightness) just 1.2' NE. Mag 7.7 HD 107238 lies 2.2' NNE.

17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, even surface brightness. Located 2.2' SSW of mag 7.7 SAO 119333. Forms the fainter member of a pair with NGC 4269 1.1' NE.

Auguste Voigt discovered IC 3155 = Voigt 3 = Big. 290 on 27 Apr 1865 during an observation of NGC 4269. His logbook measure was accurate, but none of Voigt's discoveries with the 31-inch silver-on-glass reflector at Marseilles were published or forwarded to Dreyer. The same night he discovered IC 3136, 16' to the NW.

Hermann Kobold independently discovered IC 3155 on 5 Apr 1894 (published in 1907), as well as Bigourdan on 31 Mar 1902. Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 3171 = MCG +04-29-065 = CGCG 128-078 = PGC 39796

12 20 24.1 +25 33 38; Com

V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 55°

24" (5/30/16): at 225x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. Located 14' SSE of brighter IC 780.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3171 = W. IV-23 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. His position is very accurate.

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IC 3181 = NGC 4286 = UGC 7398 = MCG +05-29-065 = CGCG 158-083 = WBL 399-003 = PGC 39846

12 20 42.1 +29 20 45; Com

V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 150°

See observing notes for NGC 4286.

Max Wolf found IC 3181 = W. IV-28 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903 and reported "pF, pL, lE 150°." His position matches NGC 4286, so it's surprising that Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence IC 3181 = NGC 4286.

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IC 3211 = NGC 4307A = UGC 7430 = MCG +02-32-012 = Holm 380b = PGC 40034

12 22 07.3 +08 59 26; Vir

V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9

17.5" (3/24/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 3' S of NGC 4307. Identified in the RNGC as NGC 4307A.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3211 = Sn. 93 on 13 Feb 1900 from a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. He noted "eF, S." Listed as NGC 4307A in the RNGC.

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IC 3247 = UGC 7459 = MCG +05-29-077 = CGCG 158-096 = FGC 1422 = PGC 40205

12 23 14.0 +28 53 38; Com

V = 14.7; Size 2.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 175°

24" (5/30/16): at 225x; extremely faint, thin edge-on ~5:1 N-S, very low surface brightness, very slightly brighter elongated core, ~45"x9". Only visible part of the time, though pops clearly and can hold for a few seconds.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3247 = W. IV-69 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.

RNGC, PGC, RC3, SIMBAD and secondary sources such as WikiSky, Uranometria 2000. Atlas and Megastar misidentify IC 3247 as NGC 4338. IC 3247 is located 20' south of d'Arrest's erroneous position. Reinmuth also questioned if NGC 4338 = IC 3247 but Malcolm Thomson feels this galaxy is too faint and would not have been visible in d'Arrest's 11-inch refractor in twilight -- I agree. NGC 4338 is more likely a duplicate of NGC 4310 with a 1 minute error in RA.

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IC 3253 = ESO 380-024 = MCG -06-27-021 = LGG 280-004 = PGC 40265

12 23 45.2 -34 37 20; Cen

V = 11.6; Size 2.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 23°

18" (5/28/06): very faint, fairly large, ~2'x0.8' SSW-NNE, very ill-defined glow without a well defined edge, low surface brightness, broad concentration but no core. Viewed at a low elevation west of the meridian, which may have compromised the view.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 3253 = D.S. 363 on a plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vL, vE at 20°, little brighter in the middle." Based on photographs taken at the Helwan Observatory in 1919-20, IC 3253 was described as "F, 2.5' x 1', E 25°; compact spiral with fant sharp ncl like a star, the whorls are fine and have dark lanes between them."

NED notes: IC 3253 has the standard morphology of a multiple-armed spiral pattern in a highly inclined galaxy of late-luminosity class, of the M101 type.

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IC 3254 = NGC 4336 = UGC 7462 = MCG +03-32-020 = CGCG 099-035 = Holm 389a = PGC 40231

12 23 29.8 +19 25 36; Com

V = 12.5; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 162°

See observing notes for NGC 4336.

Royal Frost found IC 3254 on an Arequipa plate taken on 7 May 1904 and described as "B, S, R, planetary". It was reported as number 884 in Harvard Annals 60 and his position is 2' north of NGC 4336. Likely, NGC 4336 = IC 3254, though there is some doubt given the discrepancy in position. See Harold Corwin's IC identification notes for the full story.

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IC 3256 = NGC 4342 = UGC 7466 = MCG +01-32-039 = CGCG 042-071 = PGC 40252

12 23 39.1 +07 03 14; Vir

V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 168°

17.5" (3/28/87): moderately bright, very small, elongated NNW-SSE, bright core, stellar nucleus. NGC 4342 = IC 3256 has the highest surface brightness of the members in the NGC 4343 group. NGC 4343 is 6.0' S, NGC 4341 = IC 3260 4.8' NE, IC 3267 6.6' E, IC 3259 8.3' NNE. See notes on the identification.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 3256 = Big. 291 on 23 Apr 1895. His position matches UGC 7466, which is often taken as NGC 4342. But see that number for the story.

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IC 3258 = UGC 7470 = MCG +02-32-021 = PGC 40264 = PGC 39911

12 23 44.5 +12 28 41; Vir

V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 88°

24" (5/29/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, very weak concentration, 24" diameter.

17.5" (4/18/87): very faint, small, round, very diffuse. Forms a pair with NGC 4351 16' SSE.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3258 on 14 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Frost also recorded it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "R, little brighter middle, diam. 0.7' (Sch 241)."

IC 3258 has one of the highest blue-shifts: -437 to -473 km/sec

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IC 3259 = UGC 7469 = MCG +01-32-040 = PGC 40273

12 23 48.6 +07 11 11; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 15°

17.5" (3/28/87): faint, fairly large, very diffuse. Located 3.2' ENE of a mag 10 star and 5' NNW of NGC 4341 = IC 3260 in the NGC 4343 group.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3259 = Big. 293 = Sn. 16, along with IC 3267, on 23 Apr 1895. Schwassmann measured an accurate position (used in the IC 2) on 4 Nov 1899 using a plate taken by Wolf at the Königstuhl Observatory.

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IC 3260 = NGC 4341 = UGC 7472 = MCG +01-32-042 = CGCG 042-076 = PGC 40280

12 23 53.5 +07 06 25; Vir

V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 96°

17.5" (3/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~E-W, even surface brightness. Member of the NGC 4343 group and midway between IC 3259 4.9' NNW and IC 3267 5.0' SSW. NGC identification uncertain and identified as IC 3260 in CGCG and MCG.

Bigourdan found IC 3260 = Big. 294 = Sn. 17 on 23 Apr 1895 and his position matches UGC 7472. Likewise, Arnold Schwassmann measured a very accurate position on a Heidelberg plate on 27 Nov 1900. Dreyer assumed this was a new object, but likely William Herschel's H. III-95 (later NGC 4341), discovered on 13 Apr 1784 (along the NGC 4342 and 4344), refers to the same galaxy. Herschel's position falls between NGC 4343 and 4342. See NGC 4341 for more on this number and Corwin's detailed analysis.

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IC 3265

12 23 58.8 +07 48 14; Vir

V = 13.4

17.5" (3/24/90): this number refers to a mag 13 star 1.2' NNW of the center of NGC 4353.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3265 = Sn. 48 on a Heidelberg plate taken with a 6" astrograph in 1900. His position corresponds with a mag 13.4 star 1.2' NNW of the center of NGC 4353. CGCG mistakenly places the IC designation (as well as IC 3266) on NGC 4353.

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IC 3266 = NGC 4353 = MCG +01-32-043 = CGCG 042-077 = PGC 40303

12 24 00.2 +07 47 05; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 67°

17.5" (3/24/90): faint, oval SW-NE. A mag 13 star is 1.2' NNW.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3266 = Sn. 49 on 20 Nov 1899 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Heidelberg observatory. His position matches NGC 4353, although the NGC position is not very accurate. The position was measured on 3 plates and there is no question on this identification. IC 3255 = Sn. 48 refers to a star 1' N of the galaxy, although CGCG labels this galaxy as IC 3265 = IC 3266, instead of NGC 4353 = IC 3266.

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IC 3267 = UGC 7474 = MCG +01-32-044 = PGC 40317

12 24 05.6 +07 02 27; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7

17.5" (3/28/87): faint, moderately large, round, quite diffuse, low even surface brightness. Last of five galaxies in the NGC 4343 group. Located 5.0' SSE of NGC 4341 = IC 3260 and 6.6' E of NGC 4342 = IC 3256.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3267 = Big. 295 = Sn. 18, along with IC 3259, on 23 Apr 1895. Schwassmann measured an accurate position (used in the IC 2) on 4 Nov 1899 using a plate taken by Wolf at the Königstuhl Observatory.

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IC 3273 = NGC 4356 = UGC 7482 = MCG +02-32-026 = CGCG 070-048 = FGC 1427 = PGC 40342

12 24 14.9 +08 32 16; Vir

V = 13.3; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 40°

17.5" (3/24/90): faint, edge-on SW-NE, low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is involved at the east edge of the core.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3273 = Sn. 95 on a plate taken 23 Jan 1900 with a 6" astrograph at Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4356, although neither Schwassmann nor Dreyer caught the equivalence. UGC, CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 3273 and ignore the NGC designation.

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IC 3274 = NGC 4360B = MCG +02-32-027 = CGCG 070-050 = Holm 393b = WBL 404-007 = PGC 40344

12 24 14.7 +09 16 00; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4

17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, extremely small, round, low surface brightness, just non-stellar. Located just 2' SW of brighter NGC 4360.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3274 = Sn. 96 on 15 Feb 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. He noted "eF, vS, ?." Identified as NGC 4360B in the RNGC.

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IC 3289 = ESO 506-007 = AM 1222-254 = MCG -04-29-023 = PGC 40446

12 24 57.5 -26 01 51; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0

14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x; faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, low surface brightness. At 226x, contains a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is close off the NE side [0.8' from center]. Located 5' SW of mag 6.9 HD 108095.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3289 = Sw. 11-138 on 1 Jan 1898 and reported "eF; vS; R bet 7m * f and 8m * np." He was confused on the directions of the nearby stars; the 7th mag star is northeast (reported as SE in his 7th Lowe discovery list in MNRAS) and the 8th mag star is nearly due W.

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IC 3290 = ESO 322-004 = MCG -06-27-024 = LGG 298-001 = PGC 40470

12 25 09.0 -39 46 32; Cen

V = 12.0; Size 2.0'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 43°

18" (3/28/09): faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. Located just 2' SW of NGC 4373, though John Herschel missed it. Member of the Centaurus Cluster (ACO 3526)

Joseph Turner discovered IC 3290 = Sw. 11-137 on 16 Apr 1877 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope while observing and sketching NGC 4373 (p. 136 of his logbook). He noted "the south-preceding [IC 3290] shown above was not noticed by Herschel and is here considered as a new nebula. It is very faint as compared with 2928 [NGC 4373] - elongated and brighter at north-following extremity." Cannot resolve any of them." In a final list of 6 "New Nebulae discovered by Mr Turner" (end of his logbook), an offset is given of 9 seconds preceding in RA and 60" south with the description "extremely faint, very small, a little elongated; a little brighter at the following end." Pietro Baracchi reobserved this galaxy with the GMT on 8 Feb 1886 and called it "pB; S; lE; gradually little brighter middle." Neither of these two observations were published

Lewis Swift rediscovered IC 3290 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported Sw. 11-137 as "pF; vS; R; close p [NGC] 4373. Note." His note mentions this object (and others) "appear at first glance like double stars 6" or 8" apart." His position is 1 minute of RA too far west, but the identification is certain. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 (used in the IC 2). Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 3303 = UGC 7500 = MCG +02-32-035 = PGC 40485

12 25 15.3 +12 42 51; Vir

V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 73°

24" (4/28/14): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 24"x18". Located 8.3' WNW of NGC 4388.

17.5" (1/31/87 and 4/25/87): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, can just hold steadily with averted. Located 8.4' WNW of NGC 4388 and 10' SSE of M84 in the central core of the Virgo cluster.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3303 = Sn. 244 on 14 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 14 (Sch 244)".

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IC 3310

12 25 55.3 +15 40 49; Com

17.5": IC 3310 is probably a mag 14 star at the northwest end of NGC 4396 just 1.1' from center. Although this identification does not match the IC position, it agrees if Bigourdan's offsets apply to the same reference star he used for NGC 4396.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3310 = Big. 297 on 1 Apr 1894. He made an error for the position of his reference star, but once corrected his offsets matches this star. See Malcolm Thomson's IC Corrections and Harold Corwin's identification comments.

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IC 3311 = UGC 7510 = MCG +02-32-038 = CGCG 070-063 = FGC 1429 = PGC 40530

12 25 33.1 +12 15 37; Vir

V = 14.3; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135°

24" (5/29/14): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW, 0.5'x0.25', low even surface brightness. Located 24' SSW of NGC 4388 in the central region of the Virgo Cluster.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3311 = Sn. 185 on 12 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "streak; 1.2' by 0.2' at 135° (Sch 185)".

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IC 3320 = NGC 4390 = UGC 7519 = MCG +02-32-040 = CGCG 070-067 = PGC 40597

12 25 50.7 +10 27 33; Vir

V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 95°

17.5" (4/20/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, diffuse, even or almost even surface brightness. Located 26' NNE of NGC 4380.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3320 = Sn. 155 on 6 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4390. Apparently he was unaware of the NGC identification (a number of his objects have NGC designations) and Dreyer catalogued it again as IC 3320. IC 3319 may be another designation from Schwassmann on a different plate, though the declination is off by 4'.

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IC 3322 = UGC 7518 = MCG +01-32-057 = CGCG 042-098 = LGG 289-031 = PGC 40607

12 25 54.1 +07 33 17; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 2.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 156°

14.5" (4/10/21): extremely faint, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, ~1'x0.25', only occasionally pops into view. A mag 10.3 star is 4.6' WNW. Located 25' NE of NGC 4365.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3222 = Sn. 52 on a plate taken on 20 Nov 1899 at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg.

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IC 3339 = NGC 4411 = UGC 7537 = MCG +02-32-048 = CGCG 070-074 = WBL 408-006 = PGC 40695

12 26 30.0 +08 52 20; Vir

V = 12.7; Size 2.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 14.1

See observing notes for NGC 4411.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3339 = Sn. 99 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Jan 1900. His position matches NGC 4411, discovered by Christian Peters in 1881, though both Schwassmann and Dreyer assumed it was new. See NGC 4411 for more on this number. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used the letter suffixes NGC 4411A and 4411B for the pair in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 3349 = CGCG 070-081 = VCC 940 = PGC 40744

12 26 47.1 +12 27 14; Vir

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'

24" (4/28/14): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter, low surface brightness. Located 10' SSE of NGC 4413 in the core of the Virgo cluster.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3349 = F. 904 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "vS, R, little brighter middle, magn 15."

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IC 3355 = UGC 7548 = VV 511 = DDO 124 = MCG +02-32-056 = CGCG 070-085 = Holm 403g = PGC 40754

12 26 51.1 +13 10 33; Vir

V = 14.9; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 168°

24" (5/29/14): extremely faint, small, round?, ~20" diameter, very low surface brightness. Situated 16.6' NE of M86.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3355 = Sn. 251 on 17 Nov 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on two plates taken at the Arequipa station in May 1904. He noted "streak; 1.0' by 0.2' at 170° (Sch 251)".

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IC 3366 = LEDA 213994

12 27 12.1 +09 24 37; Vir

V = 15.8; Size 0.35'x0.15'; PA = 154°

48" (3/1/19): at 488x; between faint and fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~15"x7". Situated just 40" S of the center of NGC 4424 and 0.3' SW of a 16th mag star.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3366 = Sn. 105 on a plate taken with a 6" astrograph on 15 Feb 1900 at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His published RA is about 4 seconds too large. This galaxy is too faint to be included in the CGCG or MCG, so does not have a standard PGC number. As a result HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 213994 as IC 3366.

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IC 3370 = ESO 322-014 = MCG -06-27-029 = LGG 298-029 = PGC 40887

12 27 37.3 -39 20 17; Cen

V = 11.0; Size 2.9'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 45°

18" (3/28/09): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE. Appeared unusually bright for an IC galaxy that was missed by John Herschel. Located 28' NW of mag 7.8 HD 108684 and 36' NE of NGC 4373 in a subgroup on the NW side of the Centaurus Cluster (AGC 3526).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3370 = Sw. 11-139 on 30 Jan 1898 and logged "pB; pL; R; 7m * with distant companion near p[receding]." Howe reobserved the galaxy in 1900 and reported "I see no "7m * nr p", but found one of mag 8.5, which precedes 15 seconds, 1.5' south." Howe measured an accurate micrometric position that was used in the IC 2.

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IC 3381 = UGC 7589 = MCG +02-32-074 = PGC 40985

12 28 14.9 +11 47 22; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 110°

17.5" (4/18/87): faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration. Located 2.2' S of a mag 7.7 SAO 10014 that detracts from viewing. Forms a pair with NGC 4452 7.2' ESE.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3381 = Sn. 192 on 12 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. Frost noted "bM, R magn 14 (Sch 192)".

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IC 3388 = CGCG 070-109 = PGC 41018

12 28 28.1 +12 49 25; Vir

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 73°

24" (4/28/14): very faint to faint, small, round, 15"-18" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 15' SE of NGC 4438. Slightly brighter IC 3393 lies 6.5' NNE.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3388 = F. 918 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "R, little brighter middle, 0.2' dia, magn 15."

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IC 3391 = UGC 7595 = KUG 1225+186 = MCG +03-32-047 = PGC 41013

12 28 27.3 +18 24 54; Com

V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 70°

14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; nearly fairly faint (visible continuously at 226x), fairly small, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter. A mag 15 star is just visible at the SW edge. Mag 8.5 HD 108547 lies 7' SW. Located 45' ENE of M85.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 3391 = F. 919 on 2 May 1878. His uncorrected notebook position was nearly 4' SE, very similar to other errors that evening. Stephan didn't publish an accurate reduced position, so failed to receive credit.

Royal Frost recorded IC 3391 again on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. His description for #919 reads, "cS, vlE, suddenly brighter in the middle to a faint star [nucleus], ? spir." There is a faint star involved, though it's at the edge of the galaxy. The SDSS images shows a ring of HII knots with only a very faint, star-like nucleus at the center.

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IC 3392 = UGC 7602 = MCG +03-32-049 = PGC 41061

12 28 43.3 +14 59 58; Com

V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 40°

17.5" (5/23/87): faint, fairly small, elongated SW-NE, weak concentration. Located 14' E of NGC 4419.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 3392 = F. 920 on 16 Apr 1879. His uncorrected position was 2' too far E (M85, the previous galaxy logged, was 3' too far E). Stephan never published the discovery, so this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.

Royal H. Frost rediscovered IC 3392 on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He described #920 as "possible spiral, elliptical, 1.5' by 0.3' at 225°, Bright star in the middle." The star is certainly the nucleus.

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IC 3393 = MCG +02-32-081 = CGCG 070-113 = PGC 41054

12 28 41.7 +12 54 57; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 132°

24" (4/28/14): faint, small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, 25"x15", low even surface brightness. Located 15' ESE of NGC 4438 in the core of the Virgo cluster. IC 3388 lies 6.5' SSW.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3393 = F. 921 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "Elliptical, 0.5' by 0.2' at 125°, bM, magn 14."

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IC 3427 = NGC 4482 = UGC 7640 = MCG +02-32-098 = CGCG 070-130 = PGC 41272

12 30 10.4 +10 46 46; Vir

V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 145°

17.5" (4/21/90): faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, almost even surface brightness.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3427 = Sn. 158 on 6 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with a 6" astrograph at Heidelberg, and later by Frost at Harvard in 1904. William Herschel made the original discovery on 15 Mar 1784 (sweep 174) but his position for H. III-40 (later NGC 4482) was poor (28 sec of RA too far east and 2' too far south) and Dreyer assumed Schwassman's and Frost's object was different than NGC 4482. So NGC 4482 = IC 3427. UGC, MCG and CGCG label this galaxy IC 3427, instead of NGC 4482.

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IC 3438 = NGC 4492 = UGC 7656 = MCG +01-32-089 = PGC 41383

12 30 59.7 +08 04 40; Vir

V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.5

See observing notes for NGC 4492.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3438 = Sn. 65 on 23 Jan 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4492 (on a different plate he identified Sn. 64 as NGC 4492) and Dreyer recatalogued Sn. 65 as IC 3438 without noticing the positions were virtually identical. CGCG, UGC, CGCG, RC1, RC2, and PGC all equate IC 3438 = NGC 4492.

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IC 3442 = CGCG 070-144 = MCG +02-32-111 = PGC 41435

12 31 20.2 +14 06 55; Com

V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 20°

18" (5/12/07): this Virgo cluster dwarf was surprisingly faint and appeared extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. Located 20' SW of M88.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3442 = F. 936 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "F, R, little brighter middle, 0.2' dia." It was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #457 of 744 new nebulae. Keeler wasn't mentioned in the IC II as the publication date was too late.

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IC 3452 = NGC 4497 = UGC 7665 = MCG +02-32-113 = PGC 41457

12 31 32.5 +11 37 29; Vir

V = 12.5; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 65°

See observing notes for NGC 4497.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3452 = Sn. 199 on 8 Sep 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position (measured on two plates) matches NGC 4497, although both Schwassmann and Dreyer missed the earlier discovery.

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IC 3468 = UGC 7681 = MCG +02-32-119 = CGCG 070-151 = LGG 289-084 = PGC 41552

12 32 14.2 +10 15 05; Vir

V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.1'

48" (2/28/19): at 488x; bright, fairly large, round, 1.0' diameter, strong sharp concentration with a very bright core. A mag 15.5 star is 1.3' NE. Located 12' WSW of a mag 6.3 20 Virginis.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3468 = F. 948 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru.

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IC 3470 = MCG +02-32-122 = CGCG 070-153 = LGG 285-041 = PGC 41573

12 32 23.4 +11 15 47; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.9'

24" (5/20/17): fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, very weak concentration. Picked up 6.6' NE of NGC 4503.

24" (6/4/16): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Located 6.7' NE of NGC 4503.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3470 = F. 950 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn 13.5."

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IC 3474 = UGC 7687 = MCG +01-32-091 = CGCG 042-145 = FGC 1453 = LGG 287-011 = PGC 41599

12 32 36.5 +02 39 41; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 2.3'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 36°

24" (5/20/17): at 200x; very faint, moderately large, very elongated 5:1 SW-NE, 1.1'x0.2', very low surface brightness, no core or zones. A mag 11 star is 1.5' SSE. Located 23' due west of NGC 4527.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 3474 on a photograph taken 25 Mar 1892 with his 20-inch reflector. He noted "pretty faint; elongated north following to south preceding; no structure or nucleus; 17th mag star on the north preceding side and a bright star on the south following side. 1894 March 25th."

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IC 3476 = UGC 7695 = MCG +02-32-125 = VV 563 = PGC 41608

12 32 41.9 +14 03 02; Com

V = 12.7; Size 2.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 30°

48" (4/5/13): at 488x, this irregular galaxy appeared bright, fairly large, irregular, elongated ~2:1 SSW-NNE. Unusual asymmetric appearance with an extension to the southwest, which includes a small HII knot (possibly double), roughly 0.6' SW of center. The overall size is roughly 1.5'x0.8'. The noted HII region was the site of SN 1970A. Located 25' SSE of M88.

24" (5/20/17): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregularly round, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.7'. Uneven surface brightness or knotty, very weak central brighening with no distinct core or nucleus. Located 25' SSE of M88. IC 3478 lies 8.8' N.

17.5" (4/25/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S. Appears diffuse with just a weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 3478 8' N.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3476 = Sn. 288 on 22 Nov 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "Fan-shaped, 1.0' by 0.5', bM (Sch 288)." Finally it was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #464 of 744 new nebulae.

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IC 3478 = UGC 7696 = MCG +02-32-126 = CGCG 070-158 = PGC 41614

12 32 44.2 +14 11 46; Com

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 105°

24" (5/20/17): faint, small, irregular round, diffuse, 0.4' diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. Located 17' SE of M88 and 8.8' N of IC 3476.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3478 = Sn. 289 on 22 Nov 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904 and noted "bM, magn. 15 (Sch. 289)." Finally it was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #465 of 744 new nebulae.

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IC 3481 = Arp 175 NED1 = VV 43a = MCG +02-32-027 = CGCG 070-159 = PGC 41634 = Zwicky's Triplet

12 32 52.2 +11 24 15; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'

24" (6/4/16): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, fairly high surface brightness, 20" diameter, fairly bright stellar nucleus. Based on my size estimate, I only noticed the bright core region.

IC 3481 is the first of three in a linear trio (Arp 175 = Zwicky's Triplet) with IC 3481A 1.4' SE and IC 3483 5.5' SE. IC 3481A appeared faint, small, round, 12" diameter, low surface brightness. On deep images, IC 3481 and 3481A are connected by a tidal plume and a huge arcing tail from IC 3481A reaches about 2/3 of the way to IC 3483. But IC 3483 has a very low recessional velocity, so a true connection of all three galaxies is very unlikely.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3481 = F. 953 on a plate taken 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn 13."

Fritz Zwicky first discussed the interaction between IC 3481, 3481A and 3483, in his 1952 paper "Luminous Intergalactic Matter". It was also discussed in his 1956 paper "Multiple Galaxies" (1956ErNW...29..344Z). The trio is identified as "Zwicky's Triplet" in the RC2, although Arp 103 = CGCG 252-003, called "Zwicky's Connected System", is generally given this nickname.

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IC 3483 = Arp 175 NED03 = VV 43c = MCG +02-32-129 = CGCG 070-160 = PGC 41670 = Zwicky's Triplet

12 33 10.1 +11 20 50; Vir

V = 14.5; Size 0.85'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 177°

24" (6/4/16): faint to fairly faint, elongated 5:2 N-S, 36"x15", low surface brightness. Situated just southwest of a mag 10 star. Third in a linear trio (Zwicky's System or Triplet) with IC 3481A 4.1 NW and IC 3481 5.5' NW. The latter two galaxy are interacting, but IC 3483 lies well in the foreground.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3483 = F. 955, along with IC 3481, on a plate taken 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn 14."

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IC 3499 = UGC 7712 = MCG +02-32-138 = CGCG 070-169 = LGG 289-086 = PGC 41738

12 33 45.0 +10 59 45; Vir

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.45'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 125°

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, ~45"x15". Contains a relatively large bright elongated core that gradually increases to a small bright nucleus with direct vision. Situated 10' NW of mag 7.6 HD 109401. IC 3510 lies 8.6' NE.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3499 = F. 959 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, wisps extend each side 0.3' at 130°."

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IC 3510 = UGC 7728 = MCG +02-32-142 = CGCG 070-173 = PGC 41803

12 34 14.8 +11 04 17; Vir

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 0°

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, low surface brightniess, no structure, 15" diameter. A mag 13.5 star at the northeast edge interferes with viewing. IC 3499 lies 8.6' NE.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3510 = F. 963 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn. 15, 10 magn. star nf." His position is accurate.

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IC 3528 = MCG +03-32-074A = CGCG 099-095 = Holm 421b = PGC 41882

12 34 55.9 +15 33 56; Com

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7

17.5" (5/23/87): extremely faint and small, round. Forms the fainter member of a pair 2' ENE of NGC 4540.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3528 = F. 970 on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."

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IC 3545 = NGC 4555 = UGC 7762 = MCG +05-30-026 = CGCG 159-021 = PGC 41975

12 35 41.2 +26 31 23; Com

V = 12.1; Size 1.9'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 125°

See observing notes for NGC 4555.

Max Wolf found IC 3545 = W. IV-211 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 23 Mar 1903. His position is a perfect match with NGC 4555, discovered by William Herschel. Wolf mistakenly labeled a much fainter nearby galaxy as NGC 4555, and assumed he had found a new one. So, IC 3545 = NGC 4555.

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IC 3546 = NGC 4565B = MCG +04-30-005 = CGCG 129-009 = CGCG 159-020 = Holm 426c = PGC 41976

12 35 41.7 +26 13 20; Com

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 139°

17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, roundish. Forms the east vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 15 stars 1.3' WSW and 1.3' WNW. Located 17' NW of NGC 4565, though lies far in the background (~300 million l.y.)

17.5" (5/10/86): faint, small, roundish at 222x.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3546 = W. IV-222 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, lE 150°." It was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #513 of 744 new nebulae. Keeler wasn't mentioned in the IC II as it was already being published.

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IC 3550 = NGC 4559C = Holm 423d

12 35 52.1 +27 55 55; Com

Size 0.2'

48" (4/7/13): IC 3550 appeared as a faint, very small, 8" HII knot in NGC 4559. Appears to be detached from the galaxy on the southwest side, 2.1' SW of center and 0.8' WNW of a mag 15 star = IC 3554.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3550 = W. IV-218, along with IC 3551, 3552, 3554, 3555, 3563 and 3564, on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, lE 150°." I don't know where the letter designation NGC 4559C originates. It's not used in the RC1 or RC2.

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IC 3551

12 35 53.7 +27 57 51; Com

Size 10"

48" (4/7/13): IC 3551 is a faint, 10" HII knot on the west side of the core of NGC 4559, 0.9' WNW of center.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3551 = W. IV-219 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.

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IC 3554

12 35 55.2 +27 55 38; Com

48" (4/7/13): this mag 15 star is off the south side of NGC 4559, 2.0' from center. IC 3550 = NGC 4559C, an HII region, lies 0.8' WNW.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3554 = W. IV-222 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. This is the only object he catalogued within NGC 4559 that is not an HII region or star cloud.

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IC 3555

12 35 55.9 +27 59 20; Com

Size 0.3'x0.1'

48" (4/7/13): IC 3555 is faint, 20"x10" HII region in NGC 4559, extended NW-SE, situated 1.8' NNW of center in the halo. IC 3552 is a fainter, extremely compact HII knot less than 30" NW that was not seen.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3555 = W. IV-223 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. The identification is certain.

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IC 3556 = MCG +05-30-029 = CGCG 159-025 = PGC 42005

12 35 58.5 +26 57 57; Com

V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 177°

18" (5/12/07): very faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15". Located 2' SE of NGC 4558 in the NGC 4556 group. This galaxy is misidentified in CGCG, MCG, UGC, and PGC as NGC 4563 or NGC 4558.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3556 = W. IV-225 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, R, bM." Although his position is accurate, the NGC 2000, MCG and PGC misidentify IC 3556 as NGC 4558 and CGCG and UGC "Notes" misidentify IC 3556 as NGC 4563!

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IC 3559 = MCG +05-30-031 = PGC 42012

12 36 03.4 +26 59 14; Com

V = 15.7; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 69°

18" (5/12/07): this marginal object was only glimpsed knowing the exact location in the NGC 4556 group. Located 2.4' E of NGC 4558 and 1.7' NE of IC 3556 in a tight group of a half dozen galaxies.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3559 = W. IV-226 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "vF, vS, R, bM." MCG, PGC and HyperLeda omit the NGC label, although the identification is certain.

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IC 3561 = MCG +05-30-032 = CGCG 159-026 = PGC 42013

12 36 04.8 +26 53 58; Com

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 71°

18" (5/12/07): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located 4.2' ESE of NGC 4556 in a small group of galaxies.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3561 = W. IV-228 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "cF, vS, R, bM *."

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IC 3563

12 36 07.2 +27 55 38; Com

Size 6"

48" (4/7/13): IC 3563 is a very compact HII region and IC 3564 a star association attached at its east side. Both objects were easily visible, but not resolved, as a fairly faint 20" patch near the southeast end of NGC 4559, 3' from center.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3563 = W. IV-229 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.

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IC 3564

12 36 08.1 +27 55 42; Com

Size 15"

48" (4/7/13): IC 3564 is a stellar association attached to IC 3563 near the southeast end of NGC 4559. At 375x, both objects were easily visible, but not resolved, as a fairly faint 20" patch, 3' from center.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3564 = W. IV-230 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.

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IC 3568 = PK 123+34.1 = UGC 7731 = PGC 41662 = PN G123.6+34.5 = Theoretician's Planetary = Lemon Slice Nebula = Baby Eskimo Nebula

12 33 06.7 +82 33 50; Cam

V = 10.6; Size 18"

48" (11/1/13 and 4/29/22): at 488x unfiltered; extremely high surface brightness disc, ~8" diameter. The mag 13.5 central star was only occasionally visible in very soft seeing. A fairly bright outer halo increased the diameter 2.5 times to roughly 20". A mag 13 star is just off the west side, ~15" from center (forms the double A 9001).

18" (11/7/07): at 450x unfiltered a very bright, high surface brightness disc 6"-8" in diameter is surrounded by a much fainter 15"-18" halo. With direct vision, the difficult mag 13.5 central star was sometimes visible within the very high surface brightness glow. The outer envelope appeared round, though with a uneven or fuzzy edge. A mag 13.5-14 star is close off the west edge just 15" from the center and a mag 11.5 star lies 1.6' SSW.

18" (2/16/07): at 323x unfiltered, this small planetary is dominated by a 6"-8" high surface brightness disc. Surrounding this well-defined disc is a much fainter, round outer halo of 15"-18". A mag 13.5 star is just off the west edge of this outer halo. With direct vision what appeared to be the central star occasionally popped out in the center of the very high surface brightness glow.

17.5" (5/15/99): at 220x unfiltered, appears as a very small, high surface brightness disc, ~10" diameter with a mag 13.5-14 star close off the west edge. At 380x, the disc is concentrated to a quasi-stellar nucleus, but it was difficult to distinguish the central star due to the high surface brightness glow. Surrounding the central region is a much fainter, round, outer shell that increases the diameter to 15"-20". Seeing not steady enough for higher power.

13.1" (3/17/85): at 144x; bright, small, round, high surface brightness disc 15" diameter. A mag 13.5 star is almost in contact at the west edge 15" from the center.

8": just non-stellar at 100x, definite disc seen at 165x. This planetary can take high power due to its high surface brightness.

Robert G. Aitken discovered IC 3568 visually on 31 Aug 1900 while examining Comet Borrelly-Brooks (1900 b) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The next night he examined it with the 36-inch and found a nebulous star or planetary with a mag 10.5-11 central star (BD +83°.357) within a 5"-6" halo. He noted it formed a 14.8" double (A 9001) with a mag 13 star. This object is Aitken's only discovery in the IC.

Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "the nucleus is surrounded by very bright matter in a disk 18" in diameter, apparently perfectly round, and fading out a little at the edges."

In the 1956 book "Gaseous Nebulae", Lawrence Aller stated that IC 3568 most closely approximated the "theoretician's planetary nebula". The 1987 study "The shapes and shaping of the planetary nebulae IC 3568, NGC 40, and NGC 6543" by Balick et al adds "If IC 3568 did not exist, it might have been created by theoreticians".

Brian Skiff notes the UGC misidentification (UGC 7731) as a galaxy. The UGC description is "Compact or *" and description "alm compl stellar on PA prints, prob extr compact gx." Because of the misclassification in UGC, this planetary is has the galaxy designation PGC 41662, though HyperLeda now shows the object type as a planetary.

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IC 3569 = NGC 4561 = UGC 7768 = MCG +03-32-076 = CGCG 099-098 = VV 571 = LGG 289-055 = PGC 42020

12 36 08.2 +19 19 20; Com

V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°

See observing notes for NGC 4561.

Royal Frost found IC 3569 = F.978 on a plate taken 9 May 1904 at Arequipa on a Bruce 24-inch plate. He reported it in Harvard Annals 60 as new, though his position is just 11 seconds of RA east of NGC 4561. Dreyer apparently thought it was new, but NGC 4561 = IC 3569.

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IC 3576 = DDO 138 = UGC 7781 = MCG +01-32-112 = CGCG 042-176 = PGC 42074

12 36 37.7 +06 37 15; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 15.0

24" (5/20/17): very faint, moderately large, very diffuse, very low surface brightness, ~1' diameter. On the SDSS, this galaxy appears to be a blue, barred Magellanic-type irregular.

Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3576 on a plate taken 8 Nov 1899 with the 6" astrograph at the Konigstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position is accurate.

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IC 3583 = UGC 7784 = MCG +02-32-154 = CGCG 070-191 = PGC 42081

12 36 43.5 +13 15 34; Vir

V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 0°

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; faint, fairly small, roughly oval 5:3 N-S, low even surface brightness, diffuse appearance with no structure. A mag 13 star is at the southeast edge and a mag 11 star is 1' NE of the geometric center. Located 6' NNW of M90. This irregular galaxy is interacting with M90 (forming Arp 76), and apparently disturbing the outer arm on the northeast side, which appears somewhat stretched towards IC 3583.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 3583 on a photograph taken 29 Apr 1892 with a 20" reflector at his Starfield observatory in Crowborough, Sussex. He described "a streak of nebulosity extending in north preceding direction from a 13th mag star; two 12th mag stars near, and the faint comes of the one on the north following side seems to touch the nebulosity." Frost also catalogued it based on a plate taken 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "Elliptical, 1.1' x 0.2' at 185°, a 13 mag * f[ollows] 2 or 3 s[econds]."

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IC 3585 = UGC 7783 = MCG +05-30-035 = CGCG 159-028 = PGC 42067

12 36 39.9 +26 49 48; Com

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 126°

18" (5/12/07): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, weak even concentration. A mag 12-12.5 star lies 0.8' S. Located 13' SE of NGC 4556 in a group.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3585 = W. IV-239 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He noted "cF, S, neb *."

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IC 3588 = NGC 4571 = UGC 7788 = MCG +02-32-156 = CGCG 070-194 = PGC 42100

12 36 56.4 +14 13 02; Com

V = 11.3; Size 3.6'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°

See observing notes for NGC 4571.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3588 = Sn. 293 on 12 Sep 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4571, although he misidentified the nearby 14th mag star to the west (Sn. 292) as NGC 4571 and assumed Sn. 293 was new, despite a good position in the NGC. So, IC 3588 = NGC 4571.

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IC 3600 = MCG +05-30-041 = CGCG 159-035 = PGC 42161

12 37 41.1 +27 07 44; Com

Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 134°

18" (5/12/07): very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. Located to the NE of the core of the NGC 4556 group (29' NE of NGC 4556).

Max Wolf discovered IC 3600 = W. IV-240 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He noted "F, vS, neb *."

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IC 3639 = ESO 381-008 = MCG -06-28-011 = AM 1238-362 NED2 = Tol 74 = LGG 297-002 = KTS 45B = PGC 42504

12 40 52.9 -36 45 21; Cen

V = 12.2; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.4

24" (5/22/17): moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, small bright nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is off the southwest edge [37" from center]. IC 3639 forms a pair with ring galaxy ESO 381-009 1.8' NE. ESO 381-006, a thin edge-on 2.6' NW, was not seen. The trio forms KTS 45.

ESO 381-009 appeared very faint, very small, roundish, 20" diameter. Only the core/nucleus was seen and not the halo/ring. A mag 13.7 is at the east edge [25" from center].

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3639 = Sw. 11-140 on 15 Feb 1898 and recorded "pF; pS; 2 or 3 vF st in contact." Herbert Howe reobserved this object in 1900 and reported "Instead of "2 or 3 vF st in contact," I noticed only one of mag 12.5 south and a little preceding." Howe's micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 3653 = MCG +02-32-178 = CGCG 070-215 = PGC 42550

12 41 15.7 +11 23 14; Vir

V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter. Moderate surface brightness with only a broad, weak concentration and no distinct core/nucleus. Located 19' SW of M59.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3653 on taken 10 May 1904. His position is accurate.

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IC 3663 = CGCG 070-217 = PGC 42586

12 41 39.4 +12 14 51; Vir

V = 15.1; Size 0.9'x0.55'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 175°

24" (5/24/20): at 225x; extremely faint, small, roundish, very low even surface brightness, 15"-20" diameter. Located 19' WSW of NGC 4640 and 22' SSW of IC 810.

Royal Frost discovered IC 3663 = F. 1014 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station on 10 May 1904. This galaxy is not in PGC and HyperLEDA fails to label PGC 42586 as IC 3663. Corwin notes IC 3663 has sometimes been misapplied to LEDA 1405025, which is 5.6' SSW. This latter galaxy is smaller but has a higher surface brightness.

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IC 3667 = NGC 4618 = Arp 23 = VV 73 = Holm 438a = UGC 7853 = MCG +07-26-037 = CGCG 216-017 = PGC 42575

12 41 32.5 +41 09 02; CVn

V = 10.8; Size 4.2'x3.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 25°

See observing notes for NGC 4618.

Max Wolf found IC 3667 = W. V. 1 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is identical to NGC 4618, so apparently both Wolf and Dreyer completely missed the earlier identity.

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IC 3668 = 2MASX J12413292+4107257

12 41 32.9 +41 07 26; CVn

V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 31°

48" (4/7/13): IC 3668 is a bright, elongated HII region(s) at the south end of the singe prominent arm of NGC 4618 = Arp 23, ~20"x10". Situated 1.7' S of center.

18" (5/15/10): extending mostly to the south side of the central bar of NGC 4618 is a faint, beefy arm that often appears detached and barely connected on the east end of the central region. This broad arm winds counterclockwise from east to south roughly 100° with IC 3668, the brightest region or knot, near the south end of the arm, ~1.8' from the center of the bar.

William Herschel possibly discovered IC 3668 = Wolf V-2 on 9 Apr 1787 in his observation of NGC 4618. He recorded "Two. The most north considerably or very bright. The most south pretty bright. Their nebulosities run into each other; the most north very much brighter in the middle." The southern object may be IC 3668, the HII complex on the south end of the galaxy, or it could refer to the halo on the south side.

John Herschel also called this galaxy double. On 12 Apr 1830 he logged, "Double; a bright, large nebula, gradually brighter middle, with a faint one attached, 70° sf, so as to run together into one; moonlight." JH included two GC designations, but Dreyer combined them in the NGC.

NGC 4618 was observed several times at Birr Castle and two knots were clearly noted on the south side, probably IC 3668 and 3669. On 10 Apr 1855, R.J. Mitchell wrote, "The s branch is patchy, having 2 B spots near p end." Three nights later he added "Seen as before, I susp a * in the f of the 2 knots in s branch." On 27 Mar 1868, C.E. Burton remarked, "The s end of annulus suspected to have two B patches in it." Max Wolf independently discovered IC 3668 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903 and is credited in the IC. He noted "pF, pS, iF, N."

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IC 3669

12 41 35.9 +41 08 10; CVn

48" (4/7/13): IC 3669 is a brighter arc or section of the single broad arm on the southeast side about 1' SE of the core of NGC 4618.

R.J. Mitchell probably discovered IC 3669, along with IC 3668, during an observation of NGC 4618. On 10 Apr 1855, he wrote, "The s branch is patchy, having 2 B spots near p end." Three nights later he added "Seen as before, I susp a * in the f of the 2 knots in s branch." A later observation in 1868 by C.E. Burton also noted, "The s end of annulus suspected to have two B patches in it.; S st inv." Max Wolf independently discovered IC 3669 = W. V-3 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. Wolf is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 3672 = IC 809 = UGC 7863 = MCG +02-32-184 = CGCG 070-225 = PGC 42638

12 42 08.7 +11 45 15; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Situated 1.2' NNE of an 11th magnitude star and 6.5' NNE of M59.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3672 = Sn. 213 on a plate taken by Max Wolf with a 6-inch astrograph at the Heidelberg Observatory in Sep 1900. He noted "F, S, R, li[ke] *12." His position (2 measures) matches IC 809 = UGC 7863, which was discovered by Swift on 6 May 1888. Despite the earlier discovery by Swift, CGCG, UGC and MCG all identify this galaxy as IC 3672, though IC 809 should be the primary designation.

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IC 3675 = NGC 4625 = Holm 438b = UGC 7861 = MCG +07-26-038 = CGCG 216-018 = PGC 42607

12 41 52.7 +41 16 26; CVn

V = 12.3; Size 2.2'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8

See observing notes for NGC 4625.

Max Wolf found IC 3675 = W. V. 4 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 21 Mar 1803. His position matches NGC 4625, but both Wolf and Dreyer missed the equivalence. So, IC 3675 = NGC 4625 (similarly, IC 3667 = NGC 4618).

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IC 3688 = NGC 4633 = UGC 7874 = MCG +03-32-085 = CGCG 099-111 = CGCG 100-001 = Holm 445b = PGC 42699

12 42 37.2 +14 21 31; Com

V = 13.1; Size 2.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 30°

See observing notes for NGC 4633.

Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3688 = Sn. 295 on 23 Nov 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with a 6" astrograph at the Heidelberg Observatory. His position matches NGC 4633, discovered earlier by Edward Swift. Lewis and Dreyer assumed Sn. 295 was new, possibly due to the discrepancy in RA. All modern sources equate NGC 4633 = IC 3688.

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IC 3764 = IC 817 = MCG +02-33-020 = CGCG 071-039 = PGC 43126

12 46 56.8 +09 51 26; Vir

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. Slightly smaller than similar IC 816 2.7' WSW.

Arnold Schwassmann rediscovered IC 3764 = Sn. 149 on a Heidelberg plate taken 20 Feb 1900 with the 6" Astrocamera. This galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift, along with IC 816, on 5 May 1888. Neither Schwassmann or Dreyer noted the close agreement in position with IC 816. So, IC 3764 = IC 817.

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IC 3791 = NGC 4695 = UGC 7966 = MCG +09-21-048 = CGCG 270-023 = LGG 300-004 = PGC 43173

12 47 32.1 +54 22 29; UMa

V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 80°

See observing notes for NGC 4695.

Lewis Swift found IC 3791 = Sw. 11-141 on 23 May 1897 and reported "eeeF; S; cE; [NGC 4732] 4732 in field." There is nothing at his position but 5' S is NGC 4695. NGC 4732 is 1.5° S of this field, but Harold Corwin comments he probably was referring to NGC 4686. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 3804 = NGC 4711 = UGC 7973 = MCG +06-28-033 = CGCG 188-022 = PGC 43286

12 48 45.9 +35 19 58; CVn

V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 40°

16" LX200 (4/14/07): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, broad weak concentration. NGC 4687 lies 17' W. Located 6.2' W of a mag 7.8 star.

17.5" (4/28/89): fairly faint, elongated SW-NE, gradually brighter halo. Located 6.2' WNW of mag 7.7 SAO 63208.

17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated SSW-NNE, weak concentration. Located 7' W of mag 8 star.

Max Wolf found IC 3804 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 21 Mar 1903. His position and description matches NGC 4711, but both Wolf and Dreyer missed the equivalence. CGCG, UGC, and MCG use the IC desgination, though the primary identity should by NGC 4711. This confusion was noted by Malcolm Thomson as well as Harold Corwin.

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IC 3806 = UGC 7974 = MCG +03-33-006 = CGCG 100-008 = PGC 43303

12 48 55.5 +14 54 28; Com

V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 177°

17.5" (5/14/94): faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.5', no concentration. A mag 10 star is 9.1' SSE. Picked up viewing NGC 4710 19' NE.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3806 = F. 1039 on two plates taken from May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "R, 0.2' diam, bM, mag 13.5."

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IC 3813 = ESO 507-019 = AM 1247-253 = MCG -04-30-024 = LGG 310-002 = PGC 43418

12 50 02.3 -25 55 14; Hya

V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 179°

14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small brighter core/nucleus. A small group of 5 mag 13-14 star is a couple of arc minutes E. Mag 8.4 HD 111530 is 5' NNE.

Member of a group (LGG 310) of mostly ESO galaxies, but which also includes NGC 4831.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3813 = Sw. 11-143 on 1 Jan 1898 and recorded "eeeF; S; E; 8m * nf." His position was 18 seconds of time too large, but accurate in declination and an 8th magnitude star is 5' NNE. Howe measured an accurate position the following year that was used in the IC2.

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IC 3827 = MCG -02-33-021 = IC 3838 = PGC 43487

12 50 52.1 -14 29 31; Crv

V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 60°

18" (5/16/09): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, 24"x20". A mag 14.7 star is just 34' S of center. Located 10' S of the NGC 4724/4727 duo. IC 3831 lies 8' SE.

Herbert Howe found IC 3827 = Ho I-15 on 20 Apr 1898. He gave a micrometric position in the notes to list III (MN LX. 2), though it's 5.5 seconds of time too large. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan's #304 (later IC 3838) is the first observation on 14 Apr 1895, though his RA is 1 minute too large due to an error with the offset star.

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IC 3829 = ESO 442-026 = MCG -05-30-011 = LGG 317-001 = PGC 43642

12 52 13.3 -29 50 26; Hya

V = 11.6; Size 2.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 9°

14.5" (4/12/21): relatively bright, moderately large and surprisingly easy at 226x. Contains a strong bright core with faint extension ~5:2 N-S, ~1.0'x0.4'. Two mag 14/13.5 stars, situated 2' NNE and 3' NNE, are collinear with the galaxy and several mag 13.5-14.5 stars are 2'-3' S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3829 = Sw. 11-144 on 31 Jan 1898 and wrote "B; S; lE." (11th AN list). The nearest galaxy to his position is PGC 43558 = ESO 442-024 (4' NE) and this galaxy was identified as IC 3829 in the RC3. But Swift first reported the discovery in his 7th list from Lowe Observatory and he mentioned a "9m * near [south-following], which does not apply to PGC 43558 (although there are several nearby bright stars). In the IC, Dreyer added the comment "[? 119° 14.5']" as the direction of the mag 9 star. The source of this offset is unknown. Furthermore, Swift was either confused or made several errors with the position. His declination in the 11th list (compilation) is 2° further north than he reported in his his earlier lists in Monthly Notices and Popular Astronomy (which still differ by 10'). Instead, Corwin suggests that IC 3829 is most likely ESO 442-026, which is 50 seconds of RA following the position in the Popular Astronomy list. Furthermore, a mag 7.8 star (HD 111948) is 17' SE in PA 120° (ignoring proper motion). Only NED (with the comment "The IC identification is not certain") and the ESO-Uppsala Surface Photometry Catalogue equate PGC 43642 with IC 3829.

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IC 3831 = MCG -02-33-027 = PGC 43536

12 51 18.6 -14 34 25; Crv

V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 151°

18" (5/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, gradually increases to the center with a small bright core. IC 3827 lies 8' NW. NGC 4727 is 15' NNW.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3831 = Big. 301 = Ho II-10 on 14 Apr 1895. Herbert Howe independently discovered it in on 11 May 1899, noted "F; vS; R" and measured an accurate position (used in the IC 2).

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IC 3833 = NGC 4722 = MCG -02-33-031 = LGG 307-003 = PGC 43560

12 51 32.3 -13 19 48; Crv

V = 12.9; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 35°

18" (5/16/09): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.5'. Contains a round bright core that increases to the center with direct vision.

17.5" (3/16/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.4', small bright core. A mag 14 star lies 1.1' E of center. In field with NGC 4748 11' SE.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 3833 = Big. 302 on 15 Apr 1895. His position matches PGC 43560, which was likely one of two galaxies discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1882 and catalogued as NGC 4722 and NGC 4723. Herbert Howe searched the field in 1898 with the 20" refractor in Denver looking for NGC 4722/4723 and reported finding only a single nebula. His position (given in the IC 2 Notes section) matches IC 3833. See notes for NGC 4723 and Harold Corwin's identification notes for the full story.

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IC 3834 = NGC 4740 = MCG -02-33-030 = PGC 43559

12 51 32.3 -14 13 15; Crv

V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 85°

18" (5/16/09): faint, small, round, low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star lies 43" W of center. Located 11' NE of NGC 4727/4724 pair.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3834 = Big. 302 on 14 Apr 1895. His position matches PGC 43559, a galaxy often taken as NGC 4740 or NGC 4726. Herbert Howe searched for NGC 4726 in 1899 but found IC 3834, which he assumed was NGC 4726. Dreyer gave his position in the IC 2 Notes and modern catalogues (with the exception of NED) identify IC 3834 as NGC 4726. Harold Corwin concludes that NGC 4740, found by Swift, is a reobservation of NGC 4727. See NGC 4726 and 4740 for more.

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IC 3864 = LEDA 4346459

12 54 12.3 +18 57 05; Com

V = 17.9; Size 0.2'x0.15'; PA = 146°

48" (4/2/11): IC 3864 is one of the very faintest entries in the entire IC. This galaxy is located at the west end of AGC 1638 in a 5' oval group containing a half-dozen members of AGC 1638. Extremely faint and small, 5" diameter. A brighter mag 16.4 star lies 30" S.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3864 = W. VI-80, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, * 14 s 30"; many other neb about."

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IC 3867 = LEDA 87471

12 54 19.6 +18 56 30; Com

V = 15.6; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 115°

48" (4/2/11): fairly faint, small, oval 4:3 NW-SE, 20"x15". Brightest of 7 in AGC 1638 along with IC 3864, IC 3869, IC 3871, IC 3872, IC 3874 and IC 3886. Six of these galaxies (with the exception of IC 3886) form the outline of a 5' oval centered about 6' WSW of a mag 10 star. Jimi Lowrey and I tracked down this group as IC 3886, IC 3864 and IC 3874 are among the faintest galaxies in the IC (discovered photographically, of course)!

Max Wolf discovered IC 3867 = W. VI-83, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, S, iF, N."

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IC 3869 = LEDA 87472

12 54 21.3 +18 58 17; Com

V = 16.4; Size 0.3'x0.2'

48" (4/2/11): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. Located 1.8' NNE of IC 3867 in a faint group of IC galaxies within AGC 1638.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3869 = W. VI-85, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, N."

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IC 3871 = LEDA 3798192

12 54 25.7 +18 55 45; Com

V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'; PA = 13°

48" (4/2/11): faint, very small, round, 9" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of IC 3867 in a 5' group of 6 IC galaxies at the west side of AGC 1638

Max Wolf discovered IC 3871 = W. VI-87, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 3872 = LEDA 3798227

12 54 30.6 +18 57 47; Com

V = 15.9; Size 0.3'x0.3'

48" (4/2/11): faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. IC 3874 lies 1' ESE. A mag 16-16.5 star lies 1.2' ESE. Located on the west side of AGC 1638 in a 5' group of a half-dozen IC galaxies.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3872 = W. VI-88, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, N."

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IC 3874 = LEDA 87473

12 54 34.4 +18 57 25 ; Com

V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 101°

48" (4/2/11): faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Similar IC 3874 lies 1' WNW. This pair of galaxies is at the east end of 5' circlet of 6 IC galaxies on the west side of AGC 1638. A mag 16.3 star lies 22" SE of center.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3874 = W. VI-90, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, * 15 sf 0.3'."

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IC 3886 = LEDA 4346995

12 55 00.3 +19 00 42; Com

V = 17.4; Size 0.2'x0.2'

48" (4/2/11): extremely faint and small, 6" diameter. This galaxy was chosen to track down as it one of the faintest galaxies listed in the IC! Located 17' ESE of mag 7.1 HD 112084 and 3.4' NE of a mag 10.3 star. This galaxy is on the NE side of AGC 1638 with several additional faint but easier IC galaxies packed into an compact arrangement (ring) ~9' SW.

Max Wolf discovered IC 3886 = W. VI-98, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, bM.", with the note "Ch!! conn 1'n, &&, viF." Harold Corwin translates this description as "Very remarkable chain connecting 1 arcmin north, very irregular figure." Although there are two stars 1' north, they are not connected in any way to this extremely faint galaxy.

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IC 3896 = ESO 219-012 = PGC 44180

12 56 43.2 -50 20 49; Cen

V = 10.9; Size 2.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 10°

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x, this galaxy appeared fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 1.2'x0.8'. Sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright core ~10" diameter. IC 3896A lies 20' NW and ESO 219-021, a large elongated galaxy, lies 54' E. This bright IC galaxy is located 1.7° SW of NGC 4945.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3896 = F. 1040 on two plates taken in May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."

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IC 3900 = MCG +05-31-009 = CGCG 160-019 = PGC 44068 = PGC 1802312

12 55 41.4 +27 15 02; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 177°

17.5" (5/14/94): fairly faint, very small, round, high surface brightness, weakly concentrated, occasional stellar nucleus. Collinear with a mag 13 star and a mag 10.5 star 1.3' S and 3.1' S of center, respectively. Easily picked up 14.5' SW of NGC 4798 in AGC 1656.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 3900 = J. 3-1228 on 25 Jun 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 3927 = ESO 507-058 = AM 1255-223 = MCG -04-31-012 = PGC 44419

12 58 10.4 -22 52 34; Hya

V = 12.6; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 170°

24" (3/31/22): at 226x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, easily held with direct vision, bright core, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 N-S, ~40" length. A mag 12.3 star is 1.5' N and a similar star is 2' NNW. Located 11' SE of mag 6.3 HD 112519 and 11' N of mag 7.0 HD 112603.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3927 = Sw. 11-145 on 21 Apr 1898 and called it "eeeF; eeeS; 3 vF stars north; 7m * south, another north preceding." His position is off by 3' (too far SE), but his detailed description of the nearby stars is a perfect match.

Herbert Howe followed up in his large series of observations in 1899-1900 with the 20-inch refractor in Denver: "This is larger and much brighter than the description "eeeF, eeeS" impllies. The nearest of the "3 very faintstars north" is of mag 10, and precedes 5 seconds, 1.0' north. The "7m *" is 10' distant." Howe measured an accurate position used in the IC2.

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IC 3935 = NGC 4849 = UGC 8086 = MCG +05-31-044 = CGCG 160-056 = Holm 495a = PGC 44424

12 58 12.7 +26 23 49; Com

V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 175°

See observing notes for NGC 4849.

Stephane Javelle found IC 3935 = J. 3-1230 on 12 Jun 1895. His position matches UGC 8086. This galaxy was originally discovered by Truman Safford on 16 May 1866 and listed as #23 in his discovery list (later NGC 4849). His RA was 8 seconds too large. Both d'Arrest and Spitaler also measured this galaxy, but neither gave an accurate position. CGCG mislabels this galaxy as IC 838 (a companion galaxy 1.9' north-northeast).

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IC 3943 = CGCG 160-069 = PGC 44485

12 58 36.4 +28 06 49; Com

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 59°

24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SW-NE, ~24"x10". Located 3.8' SE of NGC 4851 and directly between two stars at 1.3' separation.

18" (4/20/12): at 282x this Coma cluster member appeared faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 21"x10". Situated at the midpoint of a mag 14.8 star 1.3' SSW and a mag 13.5 star 1.3' NNE.

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated. Located between two mag 13 and 15 stars. Member of AGC 1656 with the NGC 4858/NGC 4860 pair 6' E.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3943 = K. 2-7 on 28 May 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory.

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IC 3946 = MCG +05-31-050 = CGCG 160-210 = PGC 44508

12 58 48.7 +27 48 37; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 80°

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is 1.1' NW. Located in AGC 1656 with IC 3949 2.1' NE and IC 3947 1.7' SSE.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3946 = K. 2-8, along with IC 3947 and 3949, on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. He noted "F, pS, bM." and measured an accurate micrometric position.

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IC 3947 = CGCG 160-211 = PGC 44515

12 58 52.1 +27 47 05; Com

V = 14.5; Size 0.3'x0.2'

17.5" (4/21/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located in AGC 1656 with IC 3946 1.7' NNW and IC 3949 3.0' NNE.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3947 = K. 2-9, along with IC 3946 and 3949, on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. His micrometric position matches CGCG 160-211.

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IC 3949 = UGC 8096 = MCG +05-31-052 = PGC 44524

12 58 56.1 +27 49 59; Com

V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 73°

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, fairly small, edge-on SW-NE, weak concentration. A mag 12.5 star is 1.5' N. Located in a rich section of AGC 1656 with IC 3946 2.1' SW, IC 3960 2.9' NE and IC 3947 3.0' SSW.

13.1" (4/28/84): very faint, elongated. Situated between two stars in AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3949 = K. 2-10, along with IC 3946 and 3947, on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. He described it as "F, pS, E."

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IC 3955 = CGCG 160-216 = PGC 44544

12 59 06.0 +27 59 48; Com

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 41°

18" (4/20/12): faint, small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, ~20"x12". Located 7' WNW of NGC 4872 and 2' NW of NGC 4864/4867 in the Coma cluster.

17.5" (4/21/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 2' NW of the NGC 4864/NGC 4867 pair and 7' WNW of NGC 4872 in a rich portion of AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3955 = K. 2-11 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, S, N 14 mag."

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IC 3957 = MCG +05-31-060 = CGCG 160-217 = PGC 44554

12 59 07.5 +27 46 04; Com

V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7

48" (5/10/18): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.3' diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms the SW vertex of a small triangle with similar IC 5959 and IC 3963. LEDA 1817584 is close off the NW side [18" from center]. The companion was faint (V = 16.8), very small, round, 0.2' diameter.

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. In a close trio with IC 3959 1.0' N and IC 3963 1.4' ENE within AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3957 = K. 2-12 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "cF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 3959 = MCG +05-31-059 = CGCG 160-218 = PGC 44553

12 59 08.2 +27 47 02; Com

V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8

48" (5/10/18): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright core. Forms the NW vertex of a small isosceles triangle with IC 3957 1' S and IC 3963 1.3' SE.

QSO B1256+280, a 20th magnitude quasar at z = 2.66 (light-travel time of 11.2 Gyr) is situated just 30" NE. I only "suspected" or "sensed" it two or three times without a confident pop. But on one occasion I had a strong impression it formed a right angle with IC 3939 and nearby IC 3963. Jimi confirmed this configuration on the DSS while I was at the eyepiece! [The precise angle is 100°].

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, very small, round. A mag 12.5 star is 1.6' NNW. In a close trio with IC 3957 1.0' S and IC 3963 1.3' SE, also IC 3947 lies 3.5' W. Located in a rich section of AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3959 = K. 2-13 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, pS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 3960 = MCG +05-31-055 = CGCG 160-219 = PGC 44551

12 59 07.9 +27 51 18; Com

V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7

17.5" (4/21/90): extremely faint, very small, round. Located 8.8' SW of NGC 4874 in the core of AGC 1656. Forms a pair with IC 3949 2.9' SW.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3960 = K. 2-14 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, pS, diffic."

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IC 3961 = NGC 4861 = Arp 266 = UGC 8098 = MCG +06-29-003 = CGCG 189-005 = VV 797 = Mrk 59 = I Zw 49 = LGG 334-010 = PGC 44536

12 59 01.8 +34 51 39; CVn

V = 12.3; Size 4.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 15°

48" (4/7/13): very unusual appearance at 488x as the galaxy is dominated by a very high surface brightness HII region (Mrk 59) at the SSW end, about 15" in diameter and 13th magnitude. The knot appeared extremely bright, roundish, sharp-edged. The main glow of the galaxy is very elongated to the NNE, 3.0'x 0.6', extending just past a mag 13 star near the opposite end. The core is a somewhat brighter, elongated, knotty region, offset closer to the giant HII region. The glow of the galaxy dims as it extends to the star at the opposite end and fades out just beyond. PGC 101479, a compact galaxy, is exactly in line with the major axis of NGC 4861, 3.5' NNE of the mag 12 star. It appeared faint or fairly faint (B = 16.8), round, 12"-15" diameter.

17.5" (1/23/93): faint, very elongated SSW-NNE, even low surface brightness. Located between two mag 12 stars at low power. The "star" at the SSW end is slightly nebulous at 166x and appears as a definite nonstellar knot at 332x. UGC and CGCG misidentify this HII region as NGC 4861 (and the galaxy as IC 3961). This is one of the few extragalactic HII regions which responds to OIII filtration.

13.1" (2/23/85): faint, elongated streak SSW-NNE. Stretches between two 12th magnitude "stars". The star at the south end is actually a giant HII region and it appears slightly fuzzy at 166x and clearly nonstellar at 312x.

Max Wolf found IC 3961 = W. V-103 in 1903 on a Heidelberg plate. His postion, comments ("pL, pF, elongated in PA 30°) and note ("between two mag 12 stars") matches NGC 4861. Harold Corwin notes that one of the mag 12 stars is the prominent HII region. See NGC 4861.

UGC and CGCG identify the main galaxy as IC 3961 and the bright HII knot as NGC 4861 (Webb Society Quarterly Journal #45, July 1981). Although LdR noted a "bright little knot" at the south end, the HII complex was not given a separate designation in the NGC or IC.

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IC 3963 = MCG +05-31-061 = CGCG 160-220 = PGC 44567

12 59 13.5 +27 46 29; Com

V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8

48" (5/10/18): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, oval 4:3 E-W, ~0.4'x0.3', very small bright nucleus. Forms the eastern vertex of a small isosceles triangle with IC 3959 1.3' NW and IC 3957 1.4' WSW.

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, elongated E-W. Third of three in equilateral triangle with IC 3959 1.4' WNW and IC 3957 1.4' WSW in AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3963 = K. 2-15 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 3973 = CGCG 160-228 = PGC 44612

12 59 30.8 +27 53 03; Com

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 160°

18" (4/20/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 20"x15". Situated 4.7' SSW of NGC 4874 in the swarm of small galaxies that surround 4874 in the Coma cluster.

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE. Located in the central core of AGC 1656 just 4.6' S of NGC 4874. Also first of three on a SW-NE line with NGC 4875 2.1' NE and NGC 4876 3.5' ENE. IC 3976 lies 2.1' S.

13.1" (4/28/84): at 220x; extremely faint and small.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3973 = K. 2-18 on 20 May 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, vS, R, N 13 mag.."

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IC 3974 = NGC 4947 = ESO 382-005 = AM 1302-350 = MCG -06-29-006 = LGG 327-003 = PGC 45269

13 05 20.2 -35 20 17; Cen

V = 11.8; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 10°

See observing notes for NGC 4947.

Lewis Swift found IC 3974 = Sw. 11-146 on 28 Mar 1898 and recorded "eeF; pS; lE". There is nothing near his position but exactly 5 min of RA east is NGC 4947 and Harold Corwin suggests IC 3974 is most likely a duplicate observation of NGC 4947.

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IC 3976 = CGCG 160-226 = PGC 44603

12 59 29.4 +27 51 00; Com

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 160°

18" (4/20/12): very faint, small, oval NNW-SSE, 18"x12". Located 2' SSW of brighter IC 3973 in the Coma cluster.

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, elongated NW-SE. Located in core of AGC 1656 6.7' SSW of NGC 4874. IC 3973 lies 2.0' N.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3976 = K. 2-19 on 13 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "*14 inv in vF neb."

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IC 3986 = ESO 443-024 = MCG -05-31-012 = LGG 324-001 = PGC 44852

13 01 00.8 -32 26 29; Cen

V = 11.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 165°

14" (4/4/16 - Coonabaraban, 178x): moderately bright to fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 40"x30", small bright nucleus. A mag 11.6 star is 1.2' NW of center, a mag 11.1 star is 2' WNW and a mag 7.9 star is 10' SE. A 5' string of stars extends to the south-southwest. HCG 63 lies 25' SE.

This galaxy is the brightest member of the galaxy group LGG 324, which includes three members of HCG 63 as well as ESO 443-032 (identified as IC 3986 in modern sources) 11' NE. ESO 443-032 appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, 35"x30", contains a small bright nucleus. ESO 443-029, just 4.8' NE (a member of AGC 3537, a more distant cluster) was very faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness.

17.5" (5/22/93): fairly faint, small, round, weak concentration, crisp-edged. Forms part of the "Bowl" of a "Dipper" asterism formed by an 8' group of stars mostly to the south. HCG 63 lies 25' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 3986 = Sw. 11-147 on 31 Jan 1898. His description read "eeF; pS; R; 10m * nr nf." His RA is over 1.0 minute west of ESO 443-032 (the usual identification), which is not unusual for discoveries during his last year of observing. But there isn't a brighter star near this galaxy, casting doubt on the identification. A good candidate is ESO 443-024, which is 10' south of Swift's position and 30 seconds of RA east. A mag 10.5 star is nearby (as well as a closer mag 11.5 star), although the closer star is NNW, not NE. Still, assuming he mixed up the direction, ESO 443-024 is somewhat brighter and a better candidate. I suggested this identification to Harold Corwin in April 2016 and he agreed.

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IC 3998 = CGCG 160-236 = PGC 44664

12 59 46.8 +27 58 26; Com

V = 14.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 10°

18" (4/20/12): one of the numerous galaxies in the halo of NGC 4874 (2.6' ENE of center), this member of the Coma cluster is located about a third of the way from NGC 4874 to NGC 4889. At 322x it appeared faint, small, oval 4:3 N-S, 16"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus.

17.5" (4/21/90): located in the central core of AGC 1656 between NGC 4874 and NGC 4889. Extremely faint and small, round. Forms a close pair with PGC 44652 = Goodwin #458 1.1' SSE. Located 2.6' ENE of NGC 4874 and a swarm of galaxies are in the field surrounding NGC 4874. Also located 4.7' due west of NGC 4889 (brightest in AGC 1656).

13.1" (4/28/84): extremely faint, very small, between NGC 4874 and NGC 4889 in core of AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3998 = K. 2-20 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, pS."

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IC 4011 = CGCG 160-242 = PGC 44705

13 00 06.4 +28 00 14; Com

V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.5'

82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; fairly bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter, very small, very bright nucleus. Situtated just 1.6' NNW of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656.

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round, barely non-stellar, visible with averted vision only. Located 1.6' N of NGC 4889 in the dense central core of AGC 1656 with numerous galaxies nearby including NGC 4886 1.1' SSW and NGC 4883 2.9' NW.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4011 = K. 2-22 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, N 15 m."

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IC 4012 = CGCG 160-244 = PGC 44714

13 00 08.0 +28 04 43; Com

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'

18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 6' due north of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4012 = K. 2-23 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."

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IC 4015 = NGC 4893 = VV 222b = Holm 498a = UGC 8111 NED1 = MCG +06-29-008 = MCG +06-29-009 = CGCG 189-010 NED1 = PGC 44690

12 59 59.6 +37 11 36; CVn

V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 3°

24" (6/4/16): the two close components (IC 4015 and IC 4016) of NGC 4893 were resolved at 322x. The brighter northern component (IC 4015) of NGC 4893 appeared faint to fairly faint, small, round, 15"-18" diameter. The southern member (IC 4016) is faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter. The centers of the two galaxies are separated by just 19". A mag 13.5 star is 44" E and a mag 15.0 star is just under 1' SSW.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4015 = W. V-136 and IC 4015, the two components of NGC 4893, on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported both as "D neb, eF, S, iF, N."

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IC 4016 = NGC 4893A = UGC 8111a = VV 222a = MCG +06-29-009 = CGCG 189-010 NED2 = Holm 498b = PGC 44696

12 59 59.8 +37 11 17; CVn

V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 12°

24" (6/4/16): the two components (IC 4015 and IC 4016) were resolved at 322x. The southern member (IC 4016) is faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter. The centers of the two galaxies are separated by just 19". A mag 13.5 star is 44" E and a mag 15.0 star is just under 1' SSW. Situated 11' SW of NGC 4914.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4016 = W. V-137, along with IC 4015 as well as IC 4027, 4034 and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "D neb, eF, S, iF, N."

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IC 4017 = LEDA 1672129

13 00 16.1 +22 33 20; Com

V = 17.0; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 95°

48" (5/1/22): IC 4017 is the most distant galaxy in the NGC/IC with a confirmed redshift (z = .1773), implying a light-travel time of 2.2 billion years. At 488x it appeared very faint, small, ~12"-15". It was generally seen as a low surface brightness diffuse glow with an even surface brightness, but occasionally sharpened to a distinct E-W elongated shape.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4017 = Wolf VI-138 on a plate taken 27 Jan 1904. His position is accurate.

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IC 4021 = MCG +05-31-080 = CGCG 160-246 = PGC 44726

13 00 14.8 +28 02 28; Com

V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9

18" (4/20/12): this member of the Coma cluster lies 1.7' WSW of slightly brighter IC 4026 and 4' NNE of NGC 4889. At 322x it appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 15 star lies 50" E, near the midpoint of IC 4021 and IC 4026.

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 4.1' NNE of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656 and similar to IC 4026 1.6' ENE.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4021 = K. 2-25 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."

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IC 4026 = CGCG 160-250 = PGC 44749

13 00 22.1 +28 02 49; Com

V = 14.6; Size 0.3'x0.3'

18" (4/20/12): located 5' NE of NGC 4889 in the core of the Coma cluster, this galaxy appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Slightly fainter IC 4021 lies 1.7' WSW and a faint mag 15 star is squeezed between the pair of galaxies.

17.5" (4/28/90): located in the core of AGC 1656 and form a pair with IC 4021 1.6' WSW. Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4026 = K. 2-26 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."

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IC 4027 = LEDA 2093834

13 00 13.6 +37 08 29; CVn

V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 176°

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Located 4' SE of NGC 4893 (double system).

Max Wolf discovered IC 4027 = W. V-142b as well as nearby IC 4016, 4034 and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, iF, N, [NGC] 4893 np."

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IC 4030 = PGC 44763

13 00 27.8 +27 57 21; Com

V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.35'

18" (4/20/12): extremely faint and small, round, 8"-10" diameter, requires averted. Located 4.6' ESE of NGC 4889 and 2.2' E of NGC 4898 in the core of AGC 1656. This is one of the fainter Coma cluster members I picked up this evening (B = 16.4).

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4030 = K. 2-27 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, R, * 15 inv."

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IC 4033 = PGC 44771

13 00 28.4 +27 58 20; Com

V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.28'; PA = 101°

18" (4/20/12): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, required averted vision at 322x. Forms a difficult pair with IC 4033 1.0' N. Located just 4.4' E of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4033 = K. 2-28 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, pS, R."

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IC 4034 = LEDA 214050

13 00 19.6 +37 02 46; CVn

V = 15.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely faint and small, 6" diameter. Near the visual threshold though confirmed. Forms a close pair with IC 4038 0.6' SE. Located 17' SSW of NGC 4914 and 1.8' NNE of a mag 10.6 star.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4034 = W. V-146 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "cF, S, iF, N."

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IC 4038 = LEDA 214051

13 00 21.8 +37 02 22; CVn

V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 168°

24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, slightly elongated N-S, 12"x8". Slightly brighter of a close pair with IC 4034 0.6' NW.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4038 = W. V-150 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4034 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "F, vS, iF, N."

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IC 4040 = MCG +05-31-085 = CGCG 160-252 = PGC 44789

13 00 37.9 +28 03 27; Com

V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 160°

18" (4/20/12): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 25"x8". Located 8' NE of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster and surrounded by several IC galaxies in an oval chain of galaxies to the east of 4889.

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, small, elongated NNW-SSE. Located in the core of AGC 1656 6.9' NE of NGC 4889.with IC 4045 3.1' NE and NGC 4908 3.1' ESE.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4040 = K. 2-29 on 8 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, S, R, = B 306?." Kobold's position corresponds with CGCG 160-252 = PGC 44789 and all modern sources identify this galaxy as IC 4040. But Malcolm Thomson found that Bigourdan's #306, which Dreyer lists as the primary observer, refers to PGC 44792 (with attached star), which is 2.5' south of Kobold's object. Dreyer used Kobold's micrometric position, but Bigourdan's observation is nearly 5 years earlier. Thomson argues that based on prior discovery, IC 4040 should perhaps apply to Bigourdan's system, instead of the modern identification.

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IC 4041 = MCG +05-31-086 = CGCG 160-254 = PGC 44804

13 00 40.9 +27 59 47; Com

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4

18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, 10" diameter. Located 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889 in the large oval ring of galaxies that lie east of the giant cD. Also situated 1.5' N of slightly brighter IC 4042 and 3.1' WSW of brighter IC 4051.

17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889. Nearby galaxies include IC 4042 1.6' SSE and IC 4051 2.9' E.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4041 = K. 2-30 on 8 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, pS."

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IC 4042 = CGCG 160-255 = MCG +05-31-086 = PGC 44808

13 00 42.8 +27 58 16; Com

V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6

18" (4/20/12): at 322x, faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, easily visible. Forms a close pair with PGC 44809 = IC 4042A 30" S. The companion (B = 16.3) appeared very faint, extremely small, round, ~8" diameter. This duo is situated 7.6' due east of NGC 4889 in the core of the Coma cluster.

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, round. Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.6' E of NGC 4889. Nearby galaxies include IC 4051 3.2' NE and IC 4041 1.6' NNW.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4042 = K. 2-31 on 9 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, S, bM."

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IC 4045 = MCG +05-31-088 = PGC 44818

13 00 48.7 +28 05 26; Com

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 115°

18" (4/20/12): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15". Located 4' S of brighter NGC 4907 in the Coma cluster and in a line with IC 4051 2.9' SSE and NGC 4908 5.2' SSE.

17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Located in the central region of AGC 1656 with NGC 4907 5' N, IC 4040 3' SW and NGC 4908 3' SSE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4045 = Big. 307 = K. 2-45, along with IC 4051, on 12 Apr 1891. Hermann Kobold found it again on 8 May 1896 and noted "pF, S, bM, = B307?" Dreyer combined both observations in the IC 2 using Kobold's position.

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IC 4051 = MCG +05-31-090 = CGCG 160-258 = PGC 44828

13 00 51.5 +28 02 34; Com

V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 51°

18" (4/20/12): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 24"x20", very small brighter nucleus. Forms a pair with slightly brighter NGC 4908 2.2' SSE (the identifications of IC 4051 and NGC 4908 are reversed in most catalogues). Located 10' NW of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster.

17.5" (4/21/90): located on the east side of the core of AGC 1656. Faint, small, slightly elongated. A mag 15 star is attached at the NW edge. Nearby cluster galaxies include IC 4045 3' NNW, NGC 4908 2.2' SSE and IC 4040 3' WNW. This galaxy is identified as NGC 4908 in most modern catalogues (except MCG).

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4051 = Big. 308 on 12 Apr 1891. Kobold went through the field on 8 and 9 May 1896, though reversed the identities of NGC 4908 and IC 4051 (he added question marks to his identifications, so he was uncertain). Dreyer used Kobold's position for IC 4051, which matches NGC 4908. But as William Herschel picked up the brighter galaxy (H. III-363 = NGC 4908), then IC 4051 should apply to the fainter galaxy to the NNW. As a result, the modern identities are reversed. See Corwin's and Thomson's identification notes for the full story and my notes on NGC 4908.

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IC 4056 = UGC 8126 = VV 418 = MCG +07-27-012 = KUG 1258+400 = PGC 44810

13 00 44.3 +39 45 15; CVn

V = 15.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. A mag 12.4 star is 0.8' N. Located 6.8' SW of IC 4064, the brightest member of a group of IC galaxies (AWM 6).

Max Wolf discovered IC 4056 = W. V-159a on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.

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IC 4062 = MCG +07-27-014 = PGC 44836

13 00 58.6 +39 51 32; CVn

V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Requires averted vision. Situated just 1.9' NW of IC 4064.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4062 = W. V-162 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.

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IC 4064 = UGC 8131 = MCG +07-27-015 = CGCG 217-006 = PGC 44867

13 01 06.7 +39 50 29; CVn

V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 31°

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, very small bright core increases to the center. The halo increases with averted vision and appears somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35". The galaxy forms a right angle with a mag 10.2 star 1.2' E and a mag 12 star 1.6' S. Brightest in a small group (AWM 6) of otherwise faint IC galaxies. IC 4062 is the closest at 1.9' NW, IC 4065 is 5.8' SSE, IC 4056 is 6.8' SW, IC 4068 (often misidentified as IC 4067) is 4.3' NE. The group resides at a distance of ~500 million l.y.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4064 = W. V-164 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.

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IC 4065 = MCG +07-27-016 = PGC 44868

13 01 11.0 +39 44 40; CVn

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 177°

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter, compact. Easily visible as the surface brightness is moderately high. Located 5.8' SSE of IC 4064, the brightest galaxy in the group (AWM 6).

Max Wolf discovered IC 4065 = W. V-165 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.

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IC 4068 = MCG +07-27-017 = PGC 44889

13 01 20.2 +39 53 57; CVn

V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 70°

24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint but extremely small, 8"-10" diameter (core only?), moderately high surface brightness. Located 4.3' NE of IC 4064, the brightest in a group of faint IC galaxies (AWM 6).

Max Wolf discovered IC 4068 = W. V-167 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate. This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4067 in PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD, despite Wolf's good position.

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IC 4071 = MCG -01-33-073 = PGC 44956

13 02 04.0 -07 36 10; Vir

V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'

17.5" (5/22/93): faint, small, round. A mag 13 star is just off the north edge 40" from the center. Forms a pair with NGC 4925 6.8' SSE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4071 = D.S. 367 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, considerably elongated at 10°."

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IC 4088 = UGC 8140 = MCG +05-31-102 = CGCG 160-102 = Holm 500a = PGC 44921

13 01 43.4 +29 02 41; Com

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 89°

18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, elongated at least 2:1 E-W (sometimes appear nearly 3:1), ~0.6'x0.25', fairly low surface brightness. Located 5.6' SSE of NGC 4913 = IC 843 and 5.6' NW of mag 8.9 HD 113242.

Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, probably discovered IC 4088 = Sf. 3 = Big. 309 on 24 Apr 1865, while observing what he assumed was the NGC 4914 field. His diagram, though, matches a field 8° further south! If this identication is correct (proposed by Sue French), then NGC 4913 is a duplicate of IC 843, NGC 4916 = CGCG 160-107 and NGC 4912 is a duplicate of NGC 4922. IC 4088 is labeled "Beta" in the sketch and noted as the brightest of the nebulae and slightly elongated northwest-southeast. The actual orientation is west-east. See notes for NGC 4912. Truman Safford independently discovered this galaxy, along with IC 842, on 3 May 1866. Bigourdan made another independent discovery on 13 May 1895.

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IC 4107 = LEDA 87149 = LEDA 86643

13 02 41.8 +21 59 51; Com

V = 17.9; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 17.0

48" (4/2/11): Wolfgang Steinicke lists IC 4107 as the faintest galaxy with a photographic magnitude of 18.5. The SDSS has several entries, so the photometry is unreliable. In any case, it is certainly one of the lowest in surface brightness.

It appeared extremely faint and small, round, ~10" (on the SDSS image it appears larger). The observation required averted vision and the glow was only occasionally glimpsed but the position was verified and I felt confident of the sighting. Located 1.4° ENE of M64, the Black-Eye Galaxy.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4107 = W. VI-165, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904.

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IC 4134 = NGC 4920 = MCG -02-33-094 = PGC 44958

13 02 04.2 -11 22 42; Vir

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 170°

See observing notes for NGC 4920.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4134 = Big. 314 on 16 Apr 1895. THere is nothing near his position and this number was considered lost. But Corwin found the Bigourdan misidentified his offset star and once this is correct, IC 4134 = NGC 4920.

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IC 4136 = NGC 4942 = MCG -01-33-078 = PGC 45177

13 04 19.1 -07 38 59; Vir

V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 145°

See observing notes for NGC 4942. Identification uncertain.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4136 = D.S. 368 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4136 may be identical to NGC 4942 and IC 4156 may be NGC 4948. This requires he made an error of 1° 40' in the declination of both objects.

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IC 4156 = NGC 4948 = MCG -01-33-079 = Holm 505a = LGG 314-005 = PGC 45224

13 04 55.7 -07 56 46; Vir

V = 14.4; Size 2.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.9; PA = 130°

See observing notes for NGC 4948. Identification uncertain.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4156= D.S. 369 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4156 may be identical to NGC 4948 and IC 4136 may be NGC 4942. This requires he made an error of 1° 40' in the declination of both objects. Stewart mentions a position angle of 140° for this elongated galaxy, which supports this identification.

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IC 4173 = NGC 4933A = Arp 176 NED1 = MCG -02-33-101 = Holm 502b = PGC 45142

13 03 54.7 -11 30 18; Vir

V = 12.6; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.3; PA = 70°

48" (4/21/17): IC 4173 = NGC 4933A is the southwest component of an interacting system. At 488x it appeared bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter. Strongly concentrated with a very small bright nucleus and thin halo. A tidal tail extension (either from NGC 4933A or 4933B) juts out towards the southwest ~20". On the east side the halo merges with NGC 4933B [centers separated by 45" SW-NE].

17.5" (5/17/90): very faint, extremely small, round. This is the fainter southwestern component of a double system with NGC 4933B in a common halo.

Wilhelm Tempel discovered IC 4173 = Big. 315 = NGC 4933sw around 1882 with the 11-inch "Amici I" refractor near Florence, Italy. In his fifth discovery list, he described in the narrative portion, "In case of nebula NGC 4933 I made the remark years ago: certainly double, has a bright stellar nebula south preceding, 13m in the middle; the north following is large; Distance from each other a little over 1 '. A later remark is: fine elongated nebula with two knots, the brighter one north; on the southern tip of a faint stellar nebula"

Bigourdan independently resolved the two components (Big. 315 and 316) on 16 Apr 1895 while searching for NGC 4933, but he assumed these were new objects. Bigourdan is credited with the discovery in the IC. See NGC 4933 for this story. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 4176 = NGC 4933B = Arp 176 NED 2 = Holm 502a = MCG -02-33-102 = PGC 45146

13 03 56.7 -11 29 53; Vir

V = 11.7; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 45°

48" (4/21/17): NGC 4933 is a double system consisting of compact NGC 4933A = IC 4173 on the southwest side and NGC 4933B = IC 4176 on the northeast end, separated by 45" between centers. At 488x, NGC 4933B appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.7'. Sharply concentrated with an intensely bright nucleus. The north side has a sharper light cut off [due to dust]. Located 7' NE of mag 7.9 HD 113425.

17.5" (5/17/90): moderately bright, moderately large, dominated by a bright core, faint extensions 2:1 SW-NE. Forms a contact pair with IC 4173 at the west edge in a common halo (Arp 176).

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4176 = Big. 316, along with IC 4173 = Big. 315, on 16 Apr 1895. There is nothing near his positions for either object, but Harold Corwin found that Bigourdan misidentified his offset star. Once corrected his position corresponds with the two components of NGC 4933, with IC 4176 the brighter and larger northeastern galaxy. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".

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IC 4180 = ESO 508-005 = MCG -04-31-029 = LGG 332-001 = PGC 45408

13 06 56.5 -23 55 01; Hya

V = 12.6; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 163°

24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright, elongated ~5:3 NNW-SSE ~50"x30". Well concentrated with a small, roundish bright core and stellar nucleus. NGC 4970 is 10' SE and IC 4197 is 17' NE. Member of the LGG 332 group, which also includes NGC 4968 and NGC 4993.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4180 = Sw. 11-148, along with IC 4196 (= NGC 4970) and IC 4197, on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF; eS; R: 1st of 3" and his RA is just 8 seconds too small.

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IC 4182 = UGC 8188 = MCG +06-29-031 = CGCG 189-020 = LGG 334-013 = PGC 45314

13 05 49.5 +37 36 16; CVn

V = 12.5; Size 6.0'x5.5'; Surf Br = 16.1

24" (5/22/17): at 124x; fairly faint, very large, very diffuse oval glow, roughly 4.5'x3.5' diameter E-W, This low surface brightness dwarf is a bit patchy or uneven but there no distinct core or nucleus was visible. A bright mag 11 star is superimposed on the southeast side and a mag 12 star is on the northeast side. IC 4182 is a nearby galaxy (~15 million l.y.) and a member of the Canes Venatici I cloud.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4182 = W. V-216 from a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.

Fritz Zwicky discovered the type-Ia SN 1937D in IC 4172, during his early search for supernovae using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope at Palomar. It reached mag 8.6, several magnitudes brighter than the entire galaxy, and was the brightest one discovered at that point in the 20th century. It was used to calibrate the absolute magnitudes of Type Ia SN.

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IC 4191 = PK 304-4.1 = ESO 096-2 = PN G304.5-04.8

13 08 47.4 -67 38 37; Mus

V = 10.6; Size 18"x11"

18" (7/7/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this bright, compact planetary was picked up by blinking with an OIII filter at 128x. IC 4191 forms the northern vertex of a small, distinctive triangle with a mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE and a slightly fainter mag 11 star 1.6' SSW. Excellent contrast gain of 2-3 magnitudes using the OIII filter. Without a filter, the planetary has that distinctive bluish color of planetaries and is slightly non-stellar with an extremely high surface brightness. At 293x a very small disc, perhaps 4"-5" in size is visible. The magnitude appears very similar to the mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE. Located 40' WNW of mag 4.8 Eta Muscae.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4191 = Fleming 107 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 124).

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IC 4196 = NGC 4970 = ESO 508-009 = MCG -04-31-033 = LGG 332-008 = PGC 45466

13 07 33.7 -24 00 31; Hya

V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 137°

See observing notes for NGC 4970.

Lewis Swift found IC 4196 = Sw. 11-149, along with IC 4180 and 4197, on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF eS; R; 11m * near p[receding]; 2nd of 3." His position is just 10 seconds of RA east of NGC 4970 and the description matches. Howe reexamined the field the following year and noted "The "11m * nr p" is of mag 12, and precedes 11 seconds, 0.3' north.". Neither Swift, Howe or Dreyer suggested IC 4196 = NGC 4970.

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IC 4197 = ESO 508-013 = MCG -04-31-036 = LGG 332-003 = PGC 45514

13 08 04.3 -23 47 49; Hya

V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 162°

24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, ~50"x20", good-sized brighter core (roundish) that brightens gradually to the center. Mag 7.5 HD 114116 is 8.4' ESE. IC 4180 lies 17' SW and NGC 4970 is 15' SSW. Member of the LGG 332 group.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4197 = Sw. 11-150 on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF; eS; R; 8m * 37 seconds following; 3rd of 3 [with IC 4180 and IC 4196 = NGC 4970]." Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 that Dreyer used for the IC 2 coordinates.

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IC 4198 = NGC 4979 = UGC 8209 = MCG +04-31-007 = CGCG 130-009 = PGC 45484

13 07 42.8 +24 48 38; Com

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 100°

See observing notes for NGC 4979.

Stephane Javelle found IC 4198 = J. 3-1235 on 20 Jun 1895. His position as well as description ("F, cS, R") matches NGC 4979 = UGC 8209, though he added the comment "III 346 [NGC 4979] nr", implying he observed two objects. But there is only a single galaxy here, so IC 4198 = NGC 4979. Perhaps Javelle was misled by the poor NGC position for 4979. Dreyer was the first to suggest the equivalence in his 1912 NGC Correction list.

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IC 4202 = UGC 8220 = CGCG 130-012 = MCG +04-31-008 = FGC 1568 = PGC 45549

13 08 31.6 +24 42 03; Com

V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 143°

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 40"x8". Appears as a thin streak of moderate surface brightness. NGC 4979 is 13' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4202 = J. 3-1236 on 20 Jun 1895. His position and description matches UGC 8220.

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IC 4205 = IC 853 = UGC 8230 = MCG +09-22-019 = CGCG 271-018 = PGC 45560

13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'

Lewis Swift found IC 4205 = Sw. 11-151 on 23 May 1897 and described it as "vF, pL, R". His position was 5' due north of IC 853, discovered 7 years earlier by his son Edward. His position was close enough the Dreyer questioned if it was the same as IC 853 in the IC description. It is, as there are no other candidates nearby and the description fits.

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IC 4210 = NGC 5004B = MCG +05-31-148 = CGCG 160-155 = Holm 511c = WBL 434-001 = PGC 45742

13 10 47.6 +29 42 36; Com

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 0°

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; very faint to faint, small, elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~24"x18", low surface brightness, very weak nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is 0.8' SSE. Situated 5.3' NW of NGC 5004 and faintest in a trio with NGC 5004A.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4210 = Big. 410 on 23 Apr 1897. He noted it was diffuse, 30" diameter, weak concentration.

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IC 4213 = UGC 8280 = MCG +06-29-057 = CGCG 189-039 = LGG 334-008 = PGC 45848

13 12 11.2 +35 40 11; CVn

V = 13.3; Size 2.5'x0.5'; PA = 175°

24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly large, thin ghostly edge-on, ~1.8'x0.35', very low surface brightness. No noticeable bulge or core, though the central region is slightly brighter than the extensions. Located 57' SSW of NGC 5033 and a member of the NGC 5033 Group (LGG 334) at a distance of 40 to 60 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4213 = J. 3-1237 on 15 Jun 1903. His computed RA is 10 seconds too large.

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IC 4214 = ESO 444-005 = MCG -05-31-043 = PGC 46304

13 17 42.7 -32 06 06; Cen

V = 11.4; Size 2.2'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 167°

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 375x; bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 N-S, ~2'x1'. Very strong concentration with a bright oval core and an intense nucleus. The halo faces out without a well defined edge. A mag 11.2 star is off the SSE end [1.6' from center]. IC 4219 is 30' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4214 = Sw. 11-152, along with IC 4219, on 31 Dec 1897. He noted "pB; pS; R; 9m star near south following; north preceding of 2 [with IC 4219]." There is nothing at his position but exactly 1 min of RA following is ESO 444-005 = PGC 46304 and his description fits, although it should read "south preceding of 2".

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IC 4219 = ESO 444-006 = MCG -05-31-044 = PGC 46363

13 18 29.7 -31 37 51; Cen

V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, diffuse appearance with a nearly even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 2' SW. IC 4214 lies 30' SSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4219 = Sw. 11-153, along with IC 4214, on 31 Dec 1897. He noted "eeeF, pL, R, 9m * near south preceding, south following of 2 [with IC 4214]." There is nothing at his position but 52 seconds (time) of RA east (similar offset as IC 4214) is ESO 444-006 = PGC 46363 and his description fits, althouth the orientation is "north following of 2".

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IC 4222 = IC 879 = ESO 508-047 = MCG -04-31-052 = LGG 341-003 = PGC 46479

13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 102°

See observing notes for IC 879.

Lewis Swift found IC 4222 = Sw. 11-154 on 28 Mar 1898 and reported "eeeF; eS; R; [NGC] 5078 near nf." There is nothing near his position, which is 1 degree south of NGC 5078, but making this correction clinches the identification with IC 879, found 10 years earlier at Leander McCormick Observatory. See IC 879 for more.

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IC 4233 = NGC 5124 = ESO 444-027 = MCG -05-32-009 = LGG 351-002 = AM 1322-300 = PGC 46902

13 24 50.4 -30 18 27; Cen

V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 9°

See observing notes for NGC 5124.

Lewis Swift found IC 4233 = Sw. 11-155 on 31 Dec 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; trapezium near sf." There is nothing at his position, but 50 seconds of RA east is NGC 5124 and his description matches if the trapezium is due south.

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IC 4234 = MCG +05-32-011 = CGCG 161-038 = PGC 46761

13 22 59.9 +27 06 59; Com

V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 27°

18" (6/21/03): faint, very small, irregular round, 15" diameter. Brightens somewhat to a faint stellar nucleus at 323x. Located 8' N of NGC 5116 and 11' ESE of mag 9.2 SAO 82802.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4234 = J. 3-1244 on 11 Jun 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.

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IC 4236 = NGC 5118 = UGC 8413 = MCG +01-34-019 = CGCG 044-078 = PGC 46782

13 23 27.5 +06 23 33; Vir

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 100°

See observing notes for NGC 5118.

Lewis Swift found IC 4236 = Sw. 11-156 on 22 May 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; eE; in vacancy; v diff[icult]." There is nothing at his position, but exactly 10' N is NGC 5118. The description "eE" doesn't apply to this roundish galaxy, though in his earlier discovery list 1 from Lowe Observatory he only calls the nebula "cE" or "considerably elongated". See Harold Corwin's notes for more, but IC 4236 is very likely a duplicate of NGC 5118.

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IC 4237 = ESO 576-048 = MCG -03-34-068 = PGC 46878

13 24 32.6 -21 08 12; Vir

V = 12.4; Size 2.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°

17.5" (5/19/01): faint but moderately large glow, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, no central concentration. Located 11' due west of brighter NGC 5134 and 15' SE of a mag 6.5 star.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4237 = Big. 317 on 9 May 1896.

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IC 4239 = MCG +05-32-015 = CGCG 161-045 = PGC 46872

13 24 25.5 +30 57 33; CVn

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 145°

18" (6/21/03): extremely faint, very small, 0.4'x0.3'. Low, even surface brightness, requires averted vision. Located 6.3' ESE of NGC 5131. IC 4240, just 1.2' NNE, was not noticed.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4239 = J. 3-1246 on 30 Jun 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. UGC has a typo and labels IC 4220 as IC 4239.

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IC 4261 = ESO 444-054 = MCG -05-32-032 = PGC 47392

13 29 47.6 -28 00 23; Hya

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°

17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.3', low even surface brightness. Located 14' NW of NGC 5182.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4261 = F. 1056 on a plate taken 4 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."

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IC 4263 = UGC 8470 = MCG +08-25-007 = CGCG 246-004 = PGC 47270

13 28 33.2 +46 55 37; CVn

V = 14.5; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 105°

17.5" (5/10/86): extremely faint, edge-on streak WNW-ESE, averted vision required. Located 20' SW of M51!

James Keeler discovered IC 4263 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. (MN, 59, 1899, pg 537). He described it as "spindle-shaped; diam. = 0.2'." with an additional note "long and narrow, with a bright, somewhat irregular axis." It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue of as #667 of 744 new "nebulae". UGC has a typo and labels this galaxy IC 4563. MCG +08-25-007 is not identified as IC 4263.

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IC 4274 = NGC 5189 = PK 307-3.1 = PN G307.2-03.4 = Gum 47 = Ced 123 = RCW 76 = ESO 096-16 = Spiral Planetary

13 33 32.8 -65 58 27; Mus

V = 9.5; Size 185"x130"

See observing notes for NGC 5189.

Williamina Fleming found IC 4274 = Fleming 93 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station in 1901 and reported it as new in Harvard Circular 60. Dreyer missed the equivalence in position with NGC 5189. The North Polar Distance in the IC has a typo of 115°. It should read 155° based on the original position, matching NGC 5189.

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IC 4277 = LEDA 4662915

13 30 16.6 +47 18 52; CVn

Size 0.7'x0.15'; PA = 95°

48" (4/2/11): fainter of two IC galaxies very near M51. At 488x it appeared extremely faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 E-W, 30"x8". Located 4' NE of the center of NGC 5195, not far from the faint streamers that extend north from NGC 5195. This galaxy is not listed in any modern catalogue or survey except for an entry in NED and HyperLeda.

James Keeler discovered IC 4277 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "very narrow; length = 0.6'." It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #668 of 744 new "nebulae".

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IC 4278 = LEDA 2294907

13 30 27.5 +47 14 49; CVn

V = 16.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'

48" (4/2/11): brighter of two IC galaxies (along with IC 4277) very near M51. This small galaxy is located just 6.7' NW of the center of M51 and 5' ESE of NGC 5195. At 488x it was easily visible as a faint, small, round glow, 12" diameter, contains a small bright core. About 2' N is a triangle of mag 13.3/15.5/16 stars (sides 1'-1.5').

James Keeler discovered IC 4278 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "round; diam = 0.2'; central condensation". It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #669 of 744 new "nebulae".

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IC 4280 = ESO 509-054 = AM 1330-235 = MCG -04-32-036 = PGC 47688

13 32 53.4 -24 12 26; Hya

V = 12.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, broad and weak concentration. The appearance is a bit irregular and slightly mottled. Mag 10.7 HD 117802 is 3.8' ENE and a mag 13 star is 1.7' N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4280 = Sw. 11-157 on 23 May 1898 and reported "eF; pS; R; vF * near n[orth] and brighter one nf [north-following]." His RA was 23 seconds too small, but the description is a perfect match.

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IC 4291 = ESO 132-015 = Pismis 18 = C1333-619

13 36 55 -62 05 36; Cen

V = 9.7; Size 4'

18" (4/1/19 - OzSky): at 182x; very elongated cluster in a triangular, wedge-shaped outline with the brightest mag 10.8 star at the NE tip. Five additional stars are close by to the south. Another small group of stars forms the west vertex, with these stars detached from the first group by a noticeable gap or hole in the cluster. A few additional stars form the eastern side of the triangle. Perhaps 20-25 stars in total were resolved.

Robert Innes discovered IC 4291 visually in 1901 using the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. He remarked, "this is a small round nebula about 1' in diameter, brighter towards the centre." Harold Corwin notes that although Innes' description seems to refer to a small nebula or galaxy, this is a open cluster spanning 4' or 5', with a brighter core of 2'.

Paris Pismis reported it as new in her 1959 list of 24 new clusters found with the Schmidt camera at the Tonantzila observatory and noted Pismis 18 as "Six stars brighter than 10.5m to 12m; the brightness of the members gradually declines."

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IC 4296 = ESO 383-039 = MCG -06-30-016 = PGC 48040

13 36 39.1 -33 57 59; Cen

V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.2

17.5" (4/21/01): moderately bright, moderately large, at least 2' diameter, round, bright core, stellar nucleus. IC 4296 is a giant elliptical and the brightest member of AGC 3565, as well as the group LGG 353 (part of the Centaurus-Hydra supercluster). Forms a pair with IC 4299 6' SSE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4296 = Sw. 11-158, along with IC 4299, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "pF; pS; R." His position is 7' too far south, misplacing IC 4296 ~2' SW of IC 4297. Howe examined the field in 1900 and reported, "there is an error of about 7' in the declination given in A.N. 3517, the nebula being north of the position there given."

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IC 4299 = ESO 383-042 = MCG -06-30-017 = PGC 48057

13 36 47.5 -34 03 58; Cen

V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 58°

17.5" (4/21/01): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. Moderate concentration with a small brighter core. Located 6' SSE of IC 4296 in AGC 3565.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4299 = Sw. 11-159, along with IC 4296, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "eeeF; eeS; like D * one nebulous." Howe examined the field in 1900 and noted "of this the discoverer says "like a D *, one nebulous." I cannot perceive this appearance." Howe was correct - there is no nearby star, despite Swift including it in a short paper on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy.

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IC 4300 = MCG +06-30-048 = PGC 47912

13 35 25.2 +33 25 11; CVn

V = 15.1; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 163°

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, extremely small, round, ~8" diameter. Westernmost and smallest member of the IC 4304 group and situated 7' WSW of IC 4304. The redshift of this galaxy is 60% greater than the other members of the sextet, so it likely is a background object.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4300 = J. 3-1261 on 16 Jun 1903. His position is accurate. The other members of the IC 4304 group were discovered earlier on 1 Jul 1896.

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IC 4301 = UGC 8579 = MCG +06-30-050 = PGC 47936

13 35 35.8 +33 22 28; CVn

V = 14.7; Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 130°

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, fairly small, very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, 21"x7", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5.7' SW of IC 4304 in a sextet of IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4301 = J. 3-1262, along with IC 4302, 4304, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate. The UGC position is 5' too far south and corresponds with a faint galaxy that NED (but not HyperLeda) identifies as IC 4301.

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IC 4302 = UGC 8580 = MCG +06-30-051 = FGC 1641 = PGC 47935

13 35 35.9 +33 28 46; CVn

V = 15.1; Size 1.4'x0.17'; PA = 126°

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; extremely faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, ~20"x5", very low surface brightness requiring averted vision. Located 4.7' W of IC 4305 in the IC 4304 sextet. IC 4302 is one of the faintest superthins I've observed in the 24"!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4302 = J. 3-1263, along with IC 4301, 4304, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.

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IC 4304 = UGC 8586 = MCG +06-30-055 = CGCG 190-032 = WBL 457-001 = PGC 47980

13 35 57.9 +33 25 48; CVn

V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 41°

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 45"x15", small bright core, stellar nucleus. Brightest in a group of six IC galaxies including IC 4306 4.6' E, IC 4305 2.8' N and IC 4301 5.7' SW, all within an 11' x 6' region (elongated E-W).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4304 = J. 3-1264, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.

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IC 4305 = MCG +06-30-054 = CGCG 190-033 = WBL 457-002 = PGC 47981

13 35 58.4 +33 28 26; CVn

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 173°

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, stellar nucleus. In a group of IC galaxies with IC 4304 2.8' S and IC 4302 4.7' W.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4305 = J. 3-1265, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.

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IC 4306 = MCG +06-30-058 = CGCG 190-035 = WBL 457-003 = PGC 48015

13 36 19.6 +33 25 24; CVn

V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.35'; PA = 81°

24" (7/2/16): at 260x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~15"x10" (core region only), very faint stellar nucleus. I didn't pick up the very low surface brightness arms. A mag 14 star (close double) is less than 1' W. Located 4.6' E of IC 4304 in a group of 6 IC galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4306 = J. 3-1266, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4305, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.

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IC 4307 = MCG +05-32-043 = CGCG 161-088 = PGC 48032

13 36 36.1 +27 14 32; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0

17.5" (5/11/02): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 1.6' W. Located 15' SW of NGC 5251.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4307 = J. 3-1267 on 7 May 1904 and reported "F, 25" to 30", elongated E-W, * 11 p 6 secs."

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IC 4329 = ESO 445-046 = MCG -05-33-019 = LGG 357-010 = PGC 49025

13 49 05.3 -30 17 45; Cen

V = 11.3; Size 3.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 63°

17.5" (3/12/88): fairly faint, fairly small, oval WSW-ENE, bright core, stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 4329A 3' E. This galaxy is the brightest in the IC 4329 cluster (AGC 3574).

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4329 = Ho. III-20 on 21 Jun 1900 with the 20-inch Clark refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "F, cS, bM" and measured an accurate position, though he missed IC 4329A.

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IC 4333 = ESO 008-005 = PGC 50242

14 05 20.6 -84 16 22; Oct

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 62°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 5:1 (SW-NE), ~1.25'x0.25', brighter bulging core, tapers at the tips. Located 20' NW of mag 6.8 HD 122470. In a fairly rich star field.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4333 = D.S. 382 on a plate taken 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, extremely extended at 40°, position approximate, susp."

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IC 4337 = CGCG 102-071 = WBL 470-006 = PGC 49253

13 52 19.3 +14 16 19; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.35'; PA = 106°

24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint or fairly faint, small, roundish, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Member of the WBL 470 group with IC 946 10' S and IC 948 11' SSE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4337 = Sw. 11-160 on 25 Jun 1897 and reported "eeeF; pL; R; eee diff; 3rd of 4; others in Index Cat." His position is 2' too far NW.

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IC 4338 = NGC 5334 = UGC 8790 = MCG +00-35-024 = CGCG 017-088 = PGC 49308

13 52 54.5 -01 06 52; Vir

V = 11.3; Size 4.2'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 15°

See observing notes for NGC 5334.

Lewis Swift found IC 4338 = Sw. 11-161 on 20 Apr 1897 and recorded "vL, eF, C E n & s; in field with 5334. A F st close to each end of major axis." His RA is just 0.2 minutes west of NGC 5334. In his earlier Lowe Observatory discovery list, he has a note reading "This is a remarkable object. I have never seen one just like it. It resembles an elliptical planetary nebula. The light is evenly diffused, and the limb sharp as a planet. Strange, Sir William Herschel missed it, being so near his III 665 [NGC 5334]. Munich 9619 is nf 121 seconds." But there is only one galaxy here, so it's unclear what other object Swift is referring to. See Harold Corwin's notes. The discovery date may be 30 Apr 1897 as Swift stated in his second list of Lowe Observatory discoveries. There was a 6 month gap in his discoveries due to a trip back east and his wife's death.

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IC 4342 = MCG +04-33-021 = CGCG 132-039 = PGC 49425

13 54 22.1 +25 09 11; Boo

V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located just south of a small group of stars including mag 8.8 SAO 83071 3.3' NNE and mag 9.2 SAO 83068 4' N. First in a group of 7 IC galaxies and HCG 69!

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4342 = J. 3-1279, along with IC 4343, 4344, 4345, 4346, 4348 and 4349, on 15 Jun 1895.

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IC 4343 = MCG +04-33-024 = CGCG 132-044 = PGC 49470

13 54 55.8 +25 07 22; Boo

V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, very weak concentration. Nearly collinear with two mag 10-11 stars 6.5' and 9' S. In a group of 7 IC galaxies as well as HCG 69.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4343 = J. 3-1280 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4344 = MCG +04-33-026 = CGCG 132-045 = Holm 556b = PGC 49492

13 55 12.6 +25 01 18; Boo

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'

17.5" (4/13/96): very faint, very small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 1.8' S of brighter IC 4345 and 1.1' following a mag 11.5 star. Also in field with HCG 69 group 5' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4344 = J. 3-1281 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4345 = MCG +04-33-025 = CGCG 132-046 = Holm 556a = PGC 95536

13 55 13.4 +25 03 07; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.9'

17.5" (4/13/96): brightest member of a cluster including HCG 69 close following. Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.6'. Sharp concentration with a very small bright core. Located 2.3' NNE mag 11.5 star. Forms a pair with IC 4344 1.8' S. HCG 69 is less than 5' E. RC3 and PGC misidentify IC 4345 with HCG 69b.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4345 = J. 3-1282 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster. He noted "cF, vS, R, N, stell." PGC and RC3 (and secondary sources such as Megastar software) misidentifies HCG 69B as IC 4345. HCG 69B is situated 4.8' E of IC 4345.

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IC 4346 = MCG +04-33-029 = CGCG 132-049 = PGC 49523

13 55 40.6 +25 09 11; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 0°

17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. First of three in a close trio with IC 4349 1.3' E and IC 4348.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4346 = J. 3-1283 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4347 = NGC 5367 = Bernes 147 = ESO 325-36

13 57 44 -39 58 42; Cen

Size 4'x3'

See observing notes for NGC 5367.

Lewis Swift found IC 4347 = Sw. 11-162 on 30 Dec 1897 and reported an "8m * in center of eeeF nebulosity". He added the note "This is a perect speciment of a nebulous star, and the only one I have ever found, and a beautiful one it is." His position is just off the southwest side of NGC 5367 and the description matches. In his earlier 7th discovery list from Lowe he added the comment "An 8m star follows 15s, which was free from nebulosity." Swift included this object in a short article in the 1902 Popular Astronomy titled "Remarkable Nebulae". He wrote "this is a beautiful nebulous star of the 8th mag exactly in the center of a nebulous atmosphere, whose outlines are a sharp as the planet Jupiter."

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IC 4348 = MCG +04-33-030 = CGCG 132-050 = PGC 49531

13 55 45.1 +25 12 11; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 131°

17.5" (6/8/96): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, even surface brightness. Located 3.1' N of IC 4386 and furthest north in a group of 7 IC galaxies and HCG 69. Very compact CGCG 132-055 at 15.7z lies 5.5' E (not seen).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4348 = J. 3-1284 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4349 = MCG +04-33-032 = CGCG 132-051 = PGC 49530

13 55 46.3 +25 09 07; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 119°

17.5" (6/8/96): brightest and largest of a close trio within the IC 4345 cluster. Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 40"x25". IC 4346 lies 1.3' W and IC 4348 3.1' N.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4349 = J. 3-1285 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.

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IC 4350 = ESO 510-022 = AM 1354-250 = MCG -04-33-019 = PGC 49628

13 57 13.9 -25 14 45; Hya

V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 136°

14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, roundish (core region only). A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge and hindered the view. Occasionally, I had a brief glimpse of the outer halo. Two mag 10 stars are 4' N and 5' NW. Located 24' SW of mag 5.2 47 Hydrae.

48" (5/8/21): at 488x; moderately bright, contains a fairly small oval core 3:2 NW-SE, ~0.4' diameter. The outer envelope was faint and slightly more elongated, ~50"x30". A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge.

IC 4350 (often called AM -1310-250) is a collisional ring galaxy with a active star-forming ring. The collider (similar redshift) is likely LEDA 781321 just 1.6' NE. It appeared faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. A mag 16 star is 40" N.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4350 = Sw. 11-163 on 21 Apr 1898 and noted "eeeF; eeeS; like a D * n, n[orth] one a nebula." Despite being discovered within the last couple months of observing career, when many of his positions were quite poor, Swift was off by less than 2' in this case. He added a note (along with several other discoveries) that at first glance this nebula appeared like a double star.

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IC 4351 = ESO 445-084 = MCG -05-33-034 = UGCA 376 = FGCE 1116 = PGC 49676

13 57 53.8 -29 18 55; Hya

V = 11.7; Size 6.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 17°

13.1" (4/10/86): fairly faint, very elongated streak 5:1 SSW-NNE. A mag 13.5 star is off the east edge of the core.

Robert Innes discovered IC 4351 in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. He was searching for NGC 5351 and reported finding "a small elliptical nebula near two 10th mag star. This is 1° different [north] from h's declination [for NGC 5357]."

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IC 4352 = ESO 384-022 = MCG -06-31-007 = PGC 49726

13 58 25.1 -34 31 02; Cen

V = 12.7; Size 1.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 88°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; almost moderately bright (easy direct vision), very elongated ~3:1 E-W. ~50"x15". A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the NE side. A string of stars trending WSW to ENE is a couple of arc minutes north, with a mag 11 star at the ENE end. IC 4352 forms the S vertex of an isosceles triangle with mag 7.5 HD 121760 8' NNW and mag 7.8 HD 121833 8' NNE.

ESO 384-019, located 20' NW, appeared moderately bright, round, ~35" diameter, small bright nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is just off the SE side.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4352 = Sw. 11-164 on 19 May 1898 and reported "several eF st[ars] in eeF neb; 2 8m st n[orth]." His position is 3' SW of ESO 384-022 and his description is a perfect match.

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IC 4356 = PGC 49759

13 58 45.0 +37 29 28 ; CVn

V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'

48" (4/1/11): picked up while observing the beautiful NGC 5395/5394 interacting pair. At 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Located 4' NNE of the center of NGC 5395.

18" (5/3/08): extremely faint and small knot, 10" diameter, required averted vision. Located 4' NNE of NGC 5395/94 interacting pair (Arp 84).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4356 = J. 3-1287 on 19 Jun 1897. His declination is off by 1' (error in position of his reference star).

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IC 4358 = MCG -02-36-004 = PGC 50092

14 03 34.2 -10 09 04; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.3'; PA = 112°

24" (6/15/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, thin edge-on 7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.2', weak concentration. Located 4.6' WSW of brighter IC 971.

Max Wolf discovered IC 4358 photographically in Apr 1905. The discovery was mentioned in the note "Ein schöner Spiralnebel" (AN 168 [4013], 75), which describes IC 971. DeLisle Stewart reported the galaxy as found on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station, taken in 1899, but not published until 1908. It was described as "eeF, vS, considerably elongated at 110·."

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IC 4364 = MCG -02-36-009 = PGC 50149

14 04 19.7 -09 59 36; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 75°

24" (6/15/15): at 260x; faint, fairly small, roundish, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Located 11' NE of brighter IC 971.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4364 = D.S. 387 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, R."

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IC 4365 = NGC 5437 = MCG +02-36-028 = CGCG 074-074 = WBL 486-025 = PGC 50113

14 03 47.3 +09 31 25; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°

See observing notes for NGC 5437.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4365 = Big. 319 on 12 May 1896 while searching for Tempel's NGC 5436, 5437 and 5438. He reported Big. 319 as a "mag 13.4 star accompanied by very faint nebulosity of 25" to 30" in diameter. The area where this object is located needs to be examined with a more powerful instrument." Corwin writes that although Bigourdan's positions are good for all three objects, Big. 319 refers to NGC 5437. See Corwin's notes for additional errors made by Bigourdan. LEDA and SIMBAD only use the NGC designation for this galaxy.

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IC 4366 = ESO 384-045 = MCG -05-33-042 = LGG 369-008 = PGC 50230

14 05 11.5 -33 45 38; Cen

V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (5/25/22): at 263x; between faint and fairly faint, round, ~50" diameter, low surface brightness with weak central brightening. A mag 10.2 star is 1.5' S and mag 8.3 HD 122790 lies 7' W. Member of ACO S753 (NGC 5419 Group).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4366 = D.S. 390 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 170°."

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IC 4367 = ESO 325-051 = MCG -06-31-021 = PGC 50266

14 05 36.6 -39 12 12; Cen

V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.2

24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; appeared fairly faint at a low altitude (12°), oval 4:3 N-S, slightly brighter core, overall fairly low surface brightness. Situated in a rich Centaurus star field with mag 9.5 HD 122918 4' S, a mag 9.7 star 4.7' E and a mag 10.8 star 5' W. Nearby is a mag 14 star 1' SE, two mag 15 stars 1' NE and additional stars within 2' to the west.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4367 = Sw. 11-165 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported "eeF; pS; R; between 2 stars near center of trapezoid." His position is just 1' E of center.

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IC 4369 = HCG 70E = MCG +06-31-058 = PGC 50134

14 04 05.9 +33 19 14; CVn

V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1

48" (5/12/18): at 488x; moderately to fairly bright, slightly elongated N-S, ~25"x20", very small bright core, stellar nucleus. This member of the HCG 70 septet (two overlapping groups at vastly different distances) is nearly at the midpoint of IC 4371 1.4' SE and HCG 70G 1.4' NW. It also forms the right angle of a 45-45-90 triangle with UGC 8990 = HCG 70A 1.3' NE and IC 4371 1.3' SE.

18" (5/15/10): at 285x, this member of HCG 70 appeared extremely faint and small, round, just 6" diameter. Forms the western vertex of a small isosceles triangle with HCG 70B and HCG 70A/D [1.3' NW of 70B and 1.3' SW of 70A]. IC 4369 and IC 4370 are the two faintest of the four members viewed in HCG 70.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4369 = J. 3-1289, along with IC 4370 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896. His position is an exact match with Hickson 70E = PGC 50134. Despite the good IC position, UGC misidentifies PGC 50134 as IC 4371 and UGC, CGCG and MCG misidentify PGC 50140 as IC 4369.

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IC 4370 = HCG 70D = MCG +06-31-060 = CGCG 191-046n = PGC 50138

14 04 09.9 +33 20 45; CVn

V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 96°

48" (5/12/18): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated just 30" N of UGC 8990 = HCG 70A.

18" (5/15/10): at 285x the "D" component of HCG 70 appeared extremely faint and small, round, just 10" diameter. Just large enough to be distinguished as a nebulous object. Forms a close pair with HCG 70A = UGC 8992 just 30" S.

17.5" (4/18/98): faintest of three members of HCG 70 viewed with certainty. This object was just glimpsed as an extremely faint "star" just off the north side of the edge-on UGC 8990 = HCG 70A. This "detection" was repeated several times but was much more difficult than 70A.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4370 = J. 3-1290, along with IC 4369 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896. He described it as "faint, irregular form, 25"-30", gradually brighter in the middle, near a mag 14 star." His position is an exact match with HCG 70D = PGC 50138. Curiously, he apparently missed Hickson 70A just 30" S, although the mag 14 "star" in his description probably refers to this galaxy, as there are no nearby stars. UGC, CGCG and HyperLEDA misidentify PGC 50138 as IC 4371.

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IC 4371 = HCG 70B = Holm 579a = MCG +06-31-061 = CGCG 191-045 = PGC 50140

14 04 10.9 +33 18 28; CVn

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 50°

48" (5/12/18): at 488x; bright to very bright, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 11 star is 2.3' due south. HCG 70A (often misidentified as IC 4371) is 1.8' due north.

18" (5/15/10): largest and brightest member of HCG 70. At 285x appeared faint, fairly small, sharply concentrated with a bright core and faint halo 4:3 SW-NE, ~30"x22". A mag 11 star (SAO 63918) lies 2.3' S.

17.5" (4/18/98): the largest member of HCG 70 group appears faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25". Situated midway between the HCG 70A/D pair 2' N and a mag 10-11 2' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4371 = J. 3-1291, along with IC 4369 and 4370, on 3 Jul 1896. His position is an exact match with Hickson 70B = PGC 50140. Despite the good IC position, UGC, CGCG, MCG, PGC and HyperLEDA misidentify PGC 50140 as IC 4369.

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IC 4374 = ESO 510-069 = AM 1404-264 = MCG -04-33-046 = PGC 50385

14 07 29.8 -27 01 04; Hya

V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 106°

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): this galaxy is the brightest cluster member in AGC 3581. At 244x; fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x.0.9', bright core. Two bright stars are nearby: mag 9.5 HD 123312 is 2.4' NNW and mag 9.5 HD 123357 is 4' NE.

LEDA 140256 (5' SE): fairly faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.

ESO 510-066 (9' SSW): nearly moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter.

ESO 510-072: (16' NNE): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WMW-ESE, ~30"x15"

ESO 510-074 (19' ENE): moderately bright and large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.9'x0.3'.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4374 = Sw. 11-166 on 21 Apr 1898 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; forms part of trapezium; not [NGC 5495]." His position and description is good despite discovery in the last couple of months of his observing career when many of his discoveries have very poor positions.

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IC 4375 = NGC 5488 = ESO 384-058 = MCG -05-33-048 = LGG 369-010 = PGC 50423

14 08 03.0 -33 18 53; Cen

V = 11.9; Size 3.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 22°

18" (5/16/09): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.5', bright core with much fainter extensions. Located close north of mag 9 star HD 123387 (1.2' between centers) that detracts from viewing. The major axis of the galaxy is nearly collinear with the star.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4375 = D.S. 393 on an Arequipa plate in 1900 and measured an accurate position. John Herschel probably discovered this galaxy in 1837 and catalogued it as h3558 (later GC 3796 = NGC 5488), but his position was poor. See NGC 5488 for more.

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IC 4381 = NGC 5008 = HCG 71A = UGC 9073 = MCG +04-33-042 = CGCG 132-078 = CGCG 133-001 = Holm 598a = PGC 50629

14 10 57.2 +25 29 51; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 135°

17.5" (6/8/96): brightest member of HCG 71 along with IC 4382 = HCG 71B 1.8' NE and HCG 71C 2.0' SE. At 220x it appeared faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter, almost even surface brightness. Located 1.5' N of a mag 10 star, which is the southeast of three stars in a 2.5' string with two mag 12 stars. This galaxy is generally known as IC 4381, though NGC 5008 is probably an earlier observation.

Stephane Javelle found IC 4381 = J. 3-1294, along with IC 4382, on 15 Jun 1895. NGC 5008, discovered by d'Arrest, is probably an earlier observation. There is nothing at d'Arrest's position, but Harold Corwin noticed that IC 4381 is exactly 1 hour of RA east. In addition, a mag 10.5 star precedes by 1.2 seconds (as per d'Arrest), though the star is ~90" south (not north). So, NGC 5008 = IC 4381, assuming d'Arrest made these two errors. See NGC 5008 for more.

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IC 4382 = HCG 71B = CGCG 132-079 = CGCG 133-002 = Holm 598b = PGC 50635

14 11 02.6 +25 31 10; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.9

17.5" (6/8/96): faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.3'. Higher surface brightness than larger IC 4381 = HCG 71A 1.8' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4382 = J. 3-1295, along with IC 4381, on 15 Jun 1895.

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IC 4383 = NGC 5504B = CGCG 103-113 = MCG +03-36-079 = Holm 601b = PGC 50716

14 12 12.7 +15 52 08; Boo

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.45'

18" (6/18/04): faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Forms a close pair with NGC 5504 1.8' SE. CGCG and UGC misidentified UGC 9086, a fainter edge-on close NE that was not seen, as IC 4383.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4386 = Big. 416 on 26 May 1894. He noted it was glimpsed at a distance of 1.5' to 1.8' in PA 340° from NGC 5504. At this offset is CGCG 103-113 = MCG +03-36-079 = PGC 50716. Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson concur the UGC (9086) and CGCG (103-115) misidentify nearby PGC 50713 as IC 4386. MCG has the correct identification.

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IC 4395 = UGC 9141 = MCG +05-34-007 = CGCG 163-015 = Mrk 673 = PGC 51033

14 17 21.1 +26 51 27; Boo

Size 1.0'x0.8'

24" (7/1/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25", occasional faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11.7 star is 2.0' S. Located 11' WNW of mag 8.2 HD 125320. A faint edge-on companion at the west edge (apparently responsible for tidal distortions in IC 4395) was not seen.

CGCG 163-007, situated 9' SE, appeared very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", very low surface brightness. Located 4' SW of mag 8.2 HD 125320.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4395 = J. 3-1297 on 14 Jun 1895. He reported it as "faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, stellar center".

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IC 4397 = UGC 9150 = MCG +05-034-012 = CGCG 163-018 = PGC 51073

14 17 58.7 +26 24 46; Boo

V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 165°

17.5" (6/2/00): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 N-S, 1.2'x0.8', weak concentration, fairly low surface brightness. Located 10' NW of NGC 5553.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4397 = Big. 419 = J. 3-1299 on 23 Jun 1889. Javelle found it again on 11 Jun 1895, measured it on 3 nights and both are credited in the IC. Bigourdan's Comptes Rendus table gives the discovery date as 23 Jun 1898, so Javelle may have been the first observer.

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IC 4401 = MCG -01-36-015 = PGC 51173

14 19 25.1 -04 29 21; Vir

V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 21°

18" (6/18/04): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, though the orientation shifted slightly with averted vision. Weak concentration to a small, slightly brighter core. Visible with direct vision, though mostly the small core remained. Second brightest of trio with much fainter IC 997 9' ENE and IC 998. Malcolm Thomson argues that this galaxy was likely the first of two observed by Swift and should be identified as IC 997.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4401 = Ho. II-11 on 10 May 1899 and recorded "vF, S, mE 200°." His position matches PGC 51173. Malcolm Thomson argues that this galaxy was the first of two discovered by Lewis Swift (IC 997 and 998), and hence should be identified as IC 997, but Harold Corwin disagrees. See IC 997 for more.

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IC 4402 = ESO 272-005 = PGC 51288

14 21 13.1 -46 17 52; Lup

V = 11.6; Size 4.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 127°

22" (6/28/06 - Hawaii): fairly faint, large, edge-on 5:1 NW-SE, 3.5'x0.7'. Fairly low even surface brightness with only a broad very concentration to a slightly brighter bulging core. Faint stars at both the NW and SE ends of the galaxy and a string of 4 stars mag 13-14 begins at the star at the SE end and curves away from the galaxy towards the NE.

12.5" (6/24/06 - Haleakala Crater): at 180x, this edge-on appeared fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, ~3.5'x0.7', broad concentration to a bulging core. Situated in a rich star field with a number of faint stars nearby including two mag 14 stars at the NW tip, a mag 13 star at off the SE end, a mag 14 star that is embedded just NW of the core and a mag 13.5 star off the NE side of the core. Located 23' SE of mag 3.6 Iota Lupi.

18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this surprisingly bright and large IC galaxy seemed out of place in a very rich Lupus star field. The galaxy is very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 4'x0.8', with an irregular or mottled surface brightness (probably due to an equatorial dust lane which bisects the galaxy), though there was no visible core. It nearly extends between a mag 13 star near the SE end and a pair of mag 14 stars just beyond the NE tip. Located 6' NE of mag 9.4 HD 125568 and 23' SE of mag 3.6 Iota Lupi.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4402 = F. 1099 on 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "Streak, 2.9' by 0.4' at 125°, tapers to sharp points."

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IC 4405 = MCG +05-34-019 = CGCG 163-028 = PGC 51167

14 19 16.5 +26 17 55; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66°

17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7' diameter. Located just south of two mag 11 stars (closer star is 1.4' N). A mag 13.5 star lies 1.3' WNW. Located 11' E of NGC 5553.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1303 on 14 Jun 1895.

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IC 4406 = ESO 272-6 = PK 319+15.1 = PN G319.6+15.7

14 22 26.2 -44 09 03; Lup

V = 10.2; Size 100"x37"

18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this is a very striking planetary with an unusual appearance. The main body is bright and boxy, roughly 25" diameter with a bluish color. A number of mag 14 stars appear to huddle around the planetary including a mag 13.5 star at the west end and some additional mag 13 stars are within 2'. Much fainter extensions or wings are just visible extending E-W from the main body with the western wing slightly more prominent (though this may be due to the superimposed star). The wings are more obvious when a UHC filter is used. At 293x, three collinear stars are just off the west edge with the western extension encompassing the closest star. The wings increase the overall dimensions to ~60"x25".

13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 140x this bright bipolar planetary appeared fairly small, 20"-25" diameter with a high surface brightness and a bluish color. The outline is unusual, appearing somewhat boxy or rectangular in appearance. A faint star is just off the west edge. At 195x there appeared to be very faint extensions ~E-W, increasing the dimensions to 2:1.

13.1" (3/17/86 and 4/10/86): fairly bright and prominent with a Daystar 300 filter although viewed at a low elevation. Fairly small, 35" diameter, smooth disc. Visually appeared almost round although photos reveal a very elongated shape. No central star seen at 214x. A mag 13.5 star is just off the west edge.

13.1" (6/18/85): viewed for 1-2 minutes as it appeared and disappeared just east of Fremont Peak from Coulter Row. Appeared fairly bright and fairly small and roundish.

Williamina Fleming found IC 4406 = D.S. 403 = Fleming 94 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken with the 24-inch Bruce astrograph from Arequipa (Harvard Circular 60, July 6 1901). DeLisle Stewart perhaps made an earlier discovery on a plate taken in 1899 (same plate as Fleming?). The position and description was published in the large table in Annals of Harvard Observatory, 60, 1908. He noted "2 nebulous stars make dumb-bell, remarkable."

Robert Innes independently discovered it on 14 Aug 1901 with the 7-inch Metz refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. He wrote, "..this is a fine planetary nebula, 10th magnitude, about 20" in diameter. Examined on the same night with the 18-inch telescope, it appears dumb-bell-shaped. Mr. Lunt, with the 24" objective prism found the spectrum to be that of a gaseous nebula. This nebula also appears on several Carte du Ciel plates...This nebula was also found at Arequipa. See Harvard CIrcular, No. 60, receivered here 22 Aug 1901." Perhaps surprisingly, John Herschel missed this fairly bright planetary.

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IC 4407 = NGC 5324?? = MCG -01-35-016 = PGC 49236

13 52 05.9 -06 03 30; Vir

V = 11.7; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°

See observing notes for NGC 5324.

William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4407 on 20 Sep 1883 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing at his position, roughly determined using circle readings. PGC, HyperLEDA, RC3 and SIMBAD identify MCG -01-37-005 as IC 4607. This galaxy has a similar declination as Finlay's position and the RA is 2.5 minutes smaller. But this low surface brightness 14th mag galaxy is likely much too faint to have been seen by Finlay. Assuming Finlay made an error in determining the RA (time), Harold Corwin suggests IC 4407 may be a duplicate of NGC 5324, which is about 37 minutes of RA west of Finlay's position.

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IC 4412 = NGC 5594 = MCG +04-34-024 = CGCG 133-046 = PGC 51391

14 23 10.3 +26 15 57; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 150°

17.5" (6/23/01): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7'x0.5', weak concentration. Located 1.9' NNW of a mag 10.5 star. The galaxy did not appear as elongated as dimensions imply, so probably only viewed the inner region.

Stephane Javelle found IC 4412 = J. 1306 on 14 Jul 1895. His position in his third list matches NGC 5594, whose position was imprecise. Both CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 4412 instead of NGC 5594.

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IC 4414 = IC 1008 = CGCG 163-035 = MCG +05-34-027 = PGC 51414

14 23 42.7 +28 20 48; Boo

Size 0.7'x0.6'

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4414 = J. 3-1308 on 27 Jul 1895. His position is accurate.

Truman Safford probably made an earlier discovery on 4 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. There is nothing at his position for Sf. 5 (later IC 1008), but Harold Corwin identifies IC 1008 as a duplicate of IC 4414, situated ~ 1.4 minutes of RA west of Safford's position. This large of an error in RA is not unusual in Safford's lists. Malcolm Thomson suggested that PGC 51518 is IC 1008. This is also the identification given in MCG, PGC and HyperLeda. Although closer to Safford's position than IC 4414, PGC 51518 appears too faint to be the object seen (V magnitude between 16.0 and 16.5) and is off by over 4' in declination (Safford's errors are generally in RA).

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IC 4421 = ESO 385-027 = MCG -06-32-006 = PGC 51704

14 28 31.3 -37 35 01; Cen

V = 12.4; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 164°

24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', broad concentration. A mag 15 star is off the NW edge, 0.6' from center. Nearby is a mag 11 star 1.6' ENE and a mag 12 star 3' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4421 = Sw. 11-170 on 19 May 1898 and reported "eeF; vS; R; faint star near following." His RA was 23 seconds of time too small, but the identification is certain.

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IC 4424 = IC 1016 = NGC 5619B = MCG +01-37-014 = CGCG 047-048 = KTG 57C = Holm 645b = WBL 507-003 = PGC 51624

14 27 32.4 +04 49 18; Vir

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 121°

24" (5/11/13): at 282x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~24"x14". A mag 16 star is just off the south side, 15" from center. Second brightest in the KTG 57 triplet, with NGC 5619 3.8' WSW and UGC 9258 2.6' SSW.

17.5" (6/8/91): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, weak concentration. Second brightest in trio with NGC 5619 3.5' WSW and NGC 5619B 2' S.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 4424 = Big. 320 on 8 May 1878. During an observation of NGC 5619 he added the note "+ une autre très faible". Although Stephan only listed a single position for NGC 5619, the other object is almost certainly IC 4424. Yann Pothier credits Auguste Voigt, who preceded Stephan as director of the observatory, with the original discovery on 20 Mar 1865. IC 4424 isn't included, though, in Voigt's list of 102 nebulae observed in the spring and summer of 1865.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4424 = Big. 320 again on 23 May 1892. His position matches CGCG 047-048 = PGC 51624. Lewis Swift also discovered this galaxy on 28 Apr 1891 and described Sw. 10-26 (later IC 1016) as "vF; vS; R; f[ollowing] of NGC 5619." His RA, though, was 1.3 minutes too large, so Dreyer assigned two IC designations, assuming they were different. Finally, RNGC identifies this galaxy as NGC 5619B, so it has 3 designations! IC 4424 is used in most modern sources due to the unambiguous position.

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IC 4431 = IC 1012 = UGC 9257 = MCG +05-34-043 = CGCG 163-052 = PGC 51600

14 27 09.5 +30 56 54; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 112°

24" (5/31/22): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4431 = J. 3-1316 on 9 Jul 1896. He noted it as "faint, round, 40" to 50", round, gradually condensed, distinctly grainy."

Truman Safford made the original discovery on 9 May 1866. He position for Sf. 8 (later IC 1012) was 2' too far NNE, so perhaps Javelle and later Dreyer thought his object was different, but there is only a single galaxy in the vicinity. In any case, IC 4431 is a duplicate of IC 1012.

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IC 4441 = IC 4444 = ESO 272-014 = MCG -07-30-002 = PGC 51905

14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup

V = 11.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.2

25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'. Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely bright stellar nucleus at the center. ESO 272-011 (misidentified as IC 4441 in the ESO) lies 17' SW.

ESO 272-011, which is misidentified as IC 4441 in several sources, is located 17' SW. It appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9 HD 126996. This star is at the eastern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.4 3.3' to it NNW and a mag 11.3 star 3.3' to its W.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4441 = Sw. 11-171 on 28 Mar 1897 and noted "pF; pS; R." There is nothing at his position but ESO and PGC (as well as HyperLEDA) identify IC 4441 as ESO 272-011, which is 1.1 minutes of RA to the west and 2.4' S of Swift's position. But this galaxy is very likely too faint to have been picked up by Swift and furthermore lies less than 2' SE of a 9th mag star that certainly would have been mentioned in the description. Instead IC 4441 is much more likely applies to ESO 272-014, a much brighter galaxy only 16 seconds of RA east of his position, though 6' further north. DeLisle Stewart picked up this galaxy two years later on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station and it acquired the designation IC 4444 with a good position.

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IC 4442 = VV 15 = UGC 9287 = MCG +05-34-050 = CGCG 163-060 = PGC 51725

14 28 45.3 +28 57 51; Boo

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 25°

17.5" (6/20/98): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Forms the north vertex of an obtuse triangle with two mag 13.5/14 stars 1.3' SE and 2.2' WSW. Located 11' NW of NGC 5641.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1319 on 27 Jul 1895. His computed dec is ~2' too far south, with the error apparently due to a poor position for his reference star.

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IC 4444 = IC 4441 = ESO 272-014 = MCG -07-30-002 = PGC 51905

14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup

V = 11.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.2

ESO 272-011 (misidentied as IC 4441 in several sources), located 17' SW, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9 HD 126996. This star is at the eastern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.4 3.3' to it NNW and a mag 11.3 star 3.3' to its W.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4444 = D.S. 407 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, * M, spir or ring nebula, remarks (AN. 147, 209, Sw. XI, 171, p[recedes] 0.3m, s[outh] 6')." His remark states "observed by Frost on A 6765 as bM, magn. 13." Stewart referenced Swift's IC 4441, discovered on 28 Mar 1897, and described as "pF; pS; R." There is nothing at Swift's position and ESO and PGC identify ESO 272-011 as IC 4441.

But Malcolm Thomson argues (and Corwin concurs) that ESO 272-011 is too faint to have been seen by Swift and it is much more likely that IC 4441 is an earlier observation of IC 4444. In addition, ESO 272-011 has a nearby 9th mag star that Swift would have almost certainly have mentioned. See Malcolm Thomson's IC identifications.

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IC 4447 = UGC 9306 = CGCG 163-066 = MCG +05-34-056 = PGC 51754

14 29 18.0 +30 49 56; Boo

V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 174°

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, small bright nucleus, oval 3:2 N-S, 25" diameter. A mag 12.7 star is off the NW side, 50" from center.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4447 = J. 3-1321 on 9 Jul 1896. He noted it as "faint, round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, granular appearance, stellar nucleus mag 13.5." His RA is 20 seconds too large. I'm not sure of the source of this discrepancy, other than a transcription error in recording/measuring the offset in RA.

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IC 4448 = ESO 022-002 = AM 1434-783 = PGC 52426

14 40 28.0 -78 48 33; Aps

V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 168°

25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~35"x25", fairly low even surface brightness with no core or nucleus. Located 25' NW of mag 3.8 Alpha Apus!

A small group of stars is close west, including a mag 10.4 star 2.4' W and another half-dozen mag 12-14 stars. Another distinctive group of mag 12-13 stars is 18' E.

IC 4448 is a collisional ring galaxy that appears somewhat similar on images to the Cartwheel Galaxy in Sculptor!

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4448 = D.S. 409 on a plate taken on 19 Jun 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! F, vS, ring neb with * in middle".

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IC 4453 = ESO 512-004 = MCG -04-34-020 = PGC 52084

14 34 28.6 -27 31 06; Hya

V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 160°

14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, nearly 1.5' in length, strong concentration with a bright elongated core and very bright nearly stellar nucleus. A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4453 = Sw. 11-172 on 22 Feb 1898 and reported "pB; eS; R; like D * one nebulous." His position is 5' too far southwest but there are no other nearby galaxies, so the identification is nearly certain. Swift grouped this nebula, along with several others, in a class that "appear at first glance like double stars 6" or 8" apart, though the nearest star he might have picked up (off the NW side) is 15th magnitude. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that Dreyer adopted in the IC 2.

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IC 4455 = NGC 5664 = MCG -02-37-008 = PGC 52033

14 33 43.6 -14 37 11; Lib

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°

17.5": faint, small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3'. A mag 14.5 star is close SE. A tight knot of 4 or 5 mag 13-15 stars within 45" lies 10' SSW. Located 4.5° NE of Zubenelgenubi.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4455 = D.S. 410 on an Arequipa plate taken in Jul 1899. There is nothing at Stewart's reported position, but 0.8 minutes of RA west and 3' N is NGC 5664, which also has a poor position (see that number). Due to the discrepancy in position, Dreyer assumed Stewart's object was new, but his comment "considerably elongated [in PA] 30°" clinches the identification IC 4455 = NGC 5664. MCG labels this galaxy as IC 4455.

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IC 4461 = Arp 95 = VV 303c = Rose 21sw = MCG +05-34-076 = CGCG 163-085sw = PGC 52120

14 35 00.4 +26 31 55; Boo

Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 115°

18" (5/3/08): very faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. First of three in a compact trio (Arp 95). Located 45" SW of the center of IC 4462 and 1.6' WSW of a mag 12.5 star. This galaxy is not identified as IC 4461 in modern catalogues although Javelle's position points exactly at this galaxy. There is a faint star at its edge, and although I didn't record it, perhaps it contributed to the glow.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4461 = J. 1326, along with IC 4462 = J. 1327, on 22 Jun 1895. There are 3 galaxies (VV 303) nearby, but his micrometric position for J. 1326 matches VV 303c = MCG +05-34-076 = PGC 52120 and his position for J. 1327 matches VV 303a = MCG +05-34-077 = PGC 52119. This implies the Javelle missed VV 303b = MCG +05-34-078 = PGC 52123. NED (now corrected as of 2015), PGC and HyperLeda misidentifies PGC 52119 as IC 4461 and PGC 52123 as IC 4462. I notified Harold Corwin, Malcolm Thomson and Wolfgang Steinicke of my conclusions and they concur with my identifications.

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IC 4462 = Arp 95 NED1 = VV 303a = Rose 21n = UGC 9384a = MCG +05-34-077 = CGCG 163-085ne = PGC 52119

14 35 01.9 +26 32 38; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.45'

18" (5/3/08): brightest in a very close trio (Arp 95). At 260x it appeared faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 1.3' W of a mag 12.5 star. This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4461 in all modern catalogues. IC 4461 lies 45" SW of center and MCG +05-34-078 is just 32" E of center! The latter galaxy, which is misidentified as IC 4462 in modern sources, appeared extremely faint and small, round, 8"-10" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4462 = J. 1327, along with IC 4461 = J. 1326, on 22 Jun 1895. See IC 4461 for the story.

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IC 4466 = CGCG 104-048 = PGC 52228

14 36 48.1 +18 20 38; Boo

Size 0.9'x0.6'

24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, low nearly even surface brightness, ~30"x12". Forms a pair with IC 4467 2' NE with IC 1037 25' ESE.

Royal Frost discovered IC 4466, along with IC 4467, on a plate taken 10 May 1904. His positions are accurate to within 1' and the identifications are certain.

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IC 4470 = MCG +13-10-019 = CGCG 353-040 = WBL 513-002 = PGC 51696

14 28 22.8 +78 53 08; UMi

Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 94°

17.5" (6/24/95): very faint, very small, round. A mag 14.5 star is just off the NE side, 21" from center, and it confused the observation. At moments, the compact core of the galaxy and the star appeared to form a faint double star. I missed the faint extensions (arm) E-W on the POSS. Forms a pair with NGC 5712 4.0' ESE.

William Herschel discovered IC 4470 on 20 Dec 1797 (sweep 1074). His description for NGC 5712 (III-950) mentions "It is preceded by a small patch of stars which appears almost like this nebula, but more resolved." This sounds very similar to Bigourdan's description below and certainly applies to IC 4470. I uncovered this discovery on June 10, 2014 while working through Caroline Herschel's revised sweep records from 1802. I notified Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke, who concurred, and Wolfgang included it in his "WH Special" list of 22 Jun 2014. IC 4470 was the last of six IC galaxies that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not catalogued, generally because of uncertainty.

Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 4470 = Big. 421 on 11 Jul 1887. His full description (from Harold Corwin) reads "Object which, at first sight, could be nebulous, but in which I suspect several stellar points. It is therefore a cluster enveloped in nebulosity; it is vaguely elongated at 90 degrees and is 1' l and 40" wide."

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IC 4471 = NGC 5697 = UGC 9407 = MCG +07-30-031 = CGCG 220-033 = PGC 52207

14 36 32.0 +41 41 08; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 25°

See observing notes for NGC 5697.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4471 = Big. 321 on 6 Jun 1894. His rough position is close to NGC 5697, the only galaxy in the area. He probably assumed it was new due to a poor NGC position. Most modern sources equate IC 4471 with NGC 5697. See NGC 5697 for more.

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IC 4473 = VV 732 = CGCG 104-052 = PGC 52287

14 37 54.1 +15 51 48; Boo

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'

24" (7/1/19): IC 4473 is an interacting contact system with the two nuclei separated by 11" N-S. At 225x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~24"x15", strong sense of two cores. Increasing to 375x; the two close nuclei were definitely visible at times within a common halo.

Royal Frost discovered IC 4473 = F. 1123 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru.

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IC 4478 = CGCG 104-059 = PGC 52363

14 39 12.7 +15 52 39; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 61°

24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is just off the S end. Located 7' ESE of a mag 10 star. IC 4473 (double system) lies 19' W.

Royal Frost discovered IC 4478 = F. 1125 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904

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IC 4493 = NGC 5747 = MCG +02-38-002 = CGCG 076-013 = IC 4493 = PGC 52638

14 44 20.7 +12 07 53; Boo

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0

17.5" (6/20/01): fairly faint, small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 14 star lies 0.9' WNW of center while a brighter mag 12.5 star follows by 3.5'.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4493 = Big. 422 on 12 Apr 1898 and wrote, "rather diffuse nebula, roundish, 35" diameter, granular central region, which stands out quite well". He was searching for H. III-48 (NGC 5747), which has a poor position, and assumed his redisovery was a new object. UGC, CGCG and MCG label this galaxy IC 4493 instead of NGC 5747.

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IC 4499 = ESO 022-005

15 00 18.5 -82 12 49; Aps

V = 10.0; Size 7.6'; Surf Br = 0.7

18" (7/7/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x this globular has an unusual appearance as a round glow of nearly even surface brightness, ~3.5' diameter with a single brighter mag 12 star superimposed near the very center. A brighter mag 10.5 field star is just off the south edge, 2' from the center. IC 4499 appears similar to a large, fairly low surface brightness planetary or reflection nebula. My observation was possibly compromised by some clouds as the skies completely clouded up soon afterwards, but there was no evident resolution at this power.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4499 = D.S. 418 on a plate taken on 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF Cl, 4' diam., 3 F st inv in cl, position approximate, susp."

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IC 4507 = MCG +03-38-016 = CGCG 105-027 = PGC 52834

14 47 42.2 +18 27 21; Boo

V = 15.3; Size 0.75'x0.4'; PA = 160°

18" (7/13/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located just 2.8' S of NGC 5760 and 1.6' E of a mag 10.5 star.

17.5" (7/16/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, requires averted to glimpse. Located 1' E of a mag 10.5 star and at the midpoint of NGC 5760 2.9' N and a mag 13 star a similar distance south.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4507 = F. 1136 on a plate taken 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "vF, R, 0.1' dia." Dreyer made a typo in the IC 2, equating IC 4507 with F. 1336.

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IC 4514 = UGC 9557 = MCG +05-35-019 = PGC 53010

14 50 55.4 +27 34 43; Boo

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 125°

24" (7/12/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 24" diameter. A mag 14.7 star is 0.6' SSE of center. Viewed through thin clouds, which affected the view.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4514 = J. 3-1346 = Sw. 11-175 on 26 Jul 1895. His position was 2' too far north due to an error in the declination of his offset star. Lewis Swift discovered the galaxy again on 2 Jun 1898 and reported Sw. 11-175 as "eeF; S; lE; pB * p[receding]; another susp[ected]." Swift's RA was 20 seconds too small. The observation was made on the last night he recorded a new discovery (see IC 4514). Both Swift and Javelle are credited in the IC, though Javelle deserves primary credit.

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IC 4516 = UGC 9587 = MCG +03-38-049 = 3C 306 = PGC 53274

14 54 23.4 +16 21 19; Boo

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5

24" (7/12/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 35" diameter, strong concentration, small bright core with a faint halo. IC 4516 is the cD galaxy in the rich cluster Abell 1983. Situated in a star-poor field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4516 = Sw. 11-176 on 2 Jun 1898 and reported "vF; pS; R; only 1 * near, 10m * nf." His position was 2' too far NW. Harold Corwin notes that "IC 4516 is probably the last object discovered by Lewis Swift". See IC 4514.

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IC 4526 = HCG 73B = Arp 42 NED1 = MCG +04-35-026 = PGC 53707

15 02 38.2 +23 21 02; Boo

V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 0°

48" (5/3/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 0.4'x0.3', broad concentration, slightly brighter core. Second brightest of 5 in HCG 73 with NGC 5829 1.3' SE.

24" (7/11/18): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 20"x10". IC 4526 is the second brightest in the HCG 73 group and forms a triangle with NGC 5829 1.4' SE and a mag 12.4 star 1.2' S.

18" (8/4/05): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Forms the northern vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1' with NGC 5829 and a mag 12 star. Once this difficult galaxy was noticed, it was visible most of the time using averted vision and concentration at 225x.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4526 = J. 3-1354 on 25 Jul 1903. UGC incorrectly equates IC 4526 with NGC 5829.

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IC 4528 = MCG +08-27-055 = CGCG 248-046 = PGC 53658

15 01 33.3 +49 06 44; Boo

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3

17.5" (7/17/93): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, weak concentration. Located 5.2' SSE of mag 7.3 SAO 45335. NGC 5835 lies 16' SE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4528 = Big. 423 on 23 May 1898. His position corresponds with CGCG 248-046 = PGC 53658. Nevertheless, MCG, CGCG and PGC fail to identify this galaxy as IC 4528. Instead, MCG and PGC misidentify MCG +08-27-049 = PGC 53607 as IC 4528. This edge-on galaxy is over 10' NW of Bigourdan's position.

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IC 4534 = UGC 9713 = MCG +04-36-013 = CGCG 135-014 = PGC 53943

15 06 41.9 +23 38 29; Boo

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160°

14.5" (7/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated at least 2:1 ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.4', small bright core and brighter along the major axis (verified as a bar on images). A mag 14.6 star is 1' S of center.

17.5" (6/3/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, brighter core. A mag 14 star is close off the south end [1.1' from center]. At moments appears to have a fainter, outer halo. This galaxy is identified as UGC 9713 in all catalogues and the equivalence with Javelle's IC 4534 was uncovered by Malcolm Thomson.

Édouard Stephan discovered IC 4534 = J. 3-1359 on 9 Jun 1877. His rough position was 2' E of center, similar to his other offsets in his notebook but he didn't later confirm or publish the discovery.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 4534 on 9 on 28 Jul 1903, unaware of Stephan's earlier observation. There is nothing at his position. However, Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which was GSC 2024:622. Applying his offsets to this star lands directly on UGC 9713. Furthermore, this galaxy fits his description "pB, S, elongated north south, nucleus", so this identification is certain. Due to the erroneous IC position, CGCG, MCG and PGC and the online LEDA database fail to label their catalogue entries as IC 4534.

Javelle made another "discovery" on 26 May 1909 and listed it as J. 4-1838 in his unpublished 4th catalogue. His descriptions reads "faint, elongated in the meridian (N-S), about 1' diameter, core of mag 13."

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IC 4536 = UGCA 401 = ESO 581-024 = MCG -03-39-002 = LGG 287-014 = PGC 54324 = LEDA 872238

15 13 17.2 -18 08 14; Lib

V = 13.2; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 10°

24" (6/23/17): fairly faint, large, roundish, ~1.2' diameter, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5-15 star is at the west edge. The surface brightness is a bit uneven or mottled but I didn't notice any distinct HII knots. Two mag 10 and 11 stars are 5' SW and 5' N, respectively. IC 4536 is located 12.5' ESE of mag 6.9 HD 134812.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4536 on 14 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and recorded (from his logbook) "vF, L, roundish, a faint star on np edge, a faint star nr sf edge. It follows a bright star by 1 field." The bright star is mag 6.9 HD 134812, situated 13' ESE. His sketch (in his logbook) and description is a perfect match.

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IC 4537 = CGCG 021-070 = PGC 54583

15 17 32.4 +02 02 51; Ser

V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 45°

24" (7/19/12): at 260x appeared very faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 20"x10", contains a very faint stellar nucleus. This small galaxy is located just west of the halo of M5 (in the same medium power field), 15' WSW of the center of the showpiece globular! A mag 15 star (possibly a cluster member) lies 36" S.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4537 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, so the date and telescope are unknown. The IC RA is just 5 seconds too small.

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IC 4538 = ESO 514-010 = MCG -04-36-013 = UGCA 406 = LGG 398-004 = PGC 54776

15 21 11.7 -23 39 29; Lib

V = 12.1; Size 2.6'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 45°

48" (5/4/16): at 375x; fairly faint, very large, roundish, fairly low but uneven surface brightness. No distinct core or zones except for a slightly brighter nucleus - just a featureless but unevenly lit patch (nearly face-on Sc) almost 2' in diameter. Picked up on the way to planetary nebula Merrill 2-1, situated 16' ENE.

17.5" (6/27/98): appeared as a very low surface brightness glow, perhaps 1.5' diameter, roundish but difficult to determine edge of halo, very little concentration. The galaxy was surprisingly difficult although viewed a couple of hours past the meridian. Two mag 12.5 stars lie ~3' E and 3' NE. The compact planetary Me 2-1 is 15' E.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4538 = Sw. 11-178 on 26 May 1895 and noted "eeeF; vL; not 5898 or 5903; v diff; bet 2 wide D stars." He also noted "this is very large, and one of my faintest. Have seen it twice and failed once. The field is a curiosity, the following half having many stars, the preceding half not even one." His position is 3' SW of UGCA 406, a low surface brightness, multiple-armed Sc, and his description of the surrounding star field applies.

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IC 4543 = IC 1118 = MCG +02-39-029 = CGCG 077-122 = Holm 709a = PGC 55035

15 24 59.5 +13 26 42; Ser

V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'

See observing notes for IC 1118.

Lewis Swift found IC 4543 = Sw. XI-179 on 3 Jun 1897. He reported "eF, pS, vF * close north preceding". His position is 2' W of 16th magnitude PGC 3090879, which is probably too faint to have been seen and does not have a star close NW. But IC 1118, discovered earlier by Javelle, is a brighter galaxy less than 7' SE, and has a faint star just where Swift placed it. So, IC 4543 is a duplicate of IC 1118. Most sources (except for NED) identify this galaxy as IC 1118 only.

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IC 4546 = MCG +05-36-031 = CGCG 165-057 = PGC 55115

15 26 58.4 +28 51 09; CrB

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~25"x20". A 15th mag star is at the NE edge [15" from center]. IC 4547 lies 5' SE. These two galaxies are on the southwest side of AGC 2079, but lie in the foreground at ~470 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4546 = J. 3-1363 on 24 Jul 1895. His position and description matches this galaxy.

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IC 4547 = CGCG 165-058 = PGC 55130

15 27 15.1 +28 47 20; CrB

V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 138°

24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 15"-20" diameter, weak concentration. IC 4546 lies 5' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4547 = J. 3-1364 on 22 Jul 1895. His position is accurate.

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IC 4550 = NGC 5946 = ESO 224-7

15 35 28.5 -50 39 35; Nor

V = 9.5; Size 7.1'; Surf Br = 1.7

See observing notes for NGC 5946.

Lewis Swift found IC 4550 = Sw. 11-180 on 24 May 1898 and recorded "pB; pS; lE.' There is nothing at his position but 42 seconds of RA east is NGC 5946 and there are no other possible nearby candidates. This was his most southerly observation from California and one of his very last (the last recorded date was 2 June). So, NGC 5946 = IC 4550. See Corwin's identification notes for more.

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IC 4551 = NGC 5964 = UGC 9935 = MCG +01-40-008 = CGCG 050-047 = PGC 55637

15 37 36.3 +05 58 25; Ser

V = 12.0; Size 4.2'x3.2'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 145°

See observing notes for NGC 5964. Identification uncertain.

Lewis Swift found IC 4551 = Sw. 12-12 on 19 Aug 1897 and reported "eeeF, L, R, eee dif". There is nothing at his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4551 = NGC 5964, which is 3.5 minutes of time following Swift's position. This is a large but not unusual error in his last year of observing, so is a possible but uncertain identification.

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IC 4552 = UGC 9945 = MCG +01-40-009 = CGCG 050-056 = PGC 55687

15 38 54.9 +04 34 59; Ser

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x1.2'

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, small brighter core, slightly mottled appearance or brighter regions like a face on spiral (confirmed later on SDSS).

CGCG 050-050, located 16' NW, appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15".

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4552 = Sw. 11-181 on 21 Jun 1897 and called it "eF; pS; R; near the first of 6 or 8 st[ars] in a curved line." There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4552 is very likely UGC 9945, which has a distinctive string of mostly mag 13 stars in a jagged line extending to the east of the galaxy. If this identification is correct, Swift's position was off by 4 minutes of RA too far west and 7' too far north.

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IC 4553 = Arp 220 = IC 1127 = UGC 9913 = MCG +04-37-005 = CGCG 163-017 = VV 540 = PGC 55497

15 34 57.2 +23 30 10; Ser

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7

48" (5/1/19): at 375x; bright, large, contains a large uneven bright core. The halo is irregular with a hint of structure and extends mostly north of the core.

Considered the prototype of a megamaser with 98% of its emission in the infrared. In addition there is a large starburst of young stars.

Stephane Javelle found IC 4553 = J. 3-1368, along with IC 4554, on 25 Jul 1903. His position is at the south edge of Arp 220. Truman Safford made the original discovery on 4 May 1866, but his RA for Sf. 7 = IC 1127 was 1 minute too large and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 4553 = IC 1127. Édouard Stephan also made observations on 26 May 1875 and 9 Jun 1877. He may have been aware of Safford's discoveries as he included many in his own discovery lists.

See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's comments on this number.

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IC 4554 = LEDA 214390

15 35 04.8 +23 28 45; Ser

V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.4'

48" (5/1/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, small bright core. Located 2' SE of IC 4553.

24" (6/16/12): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 2' SE of IC 4553 = Arp 220. This number is often incorrectly applied to one of the components of the double galaxy IC 4553.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4554 = J. 3-1369, along with IC 4553, on 25 Jul 1903. His position points to PGC 214390, although UGC, MCG and CGCG mistakenly identify Arp 220 (merged double system) as IC 4553 + 4554.

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IC 4560 = LEDA 214393

15 35 54.1 +39 48 51; Boo

Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 104°

24" (7/14/15): extremely faint, very small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~9"x6", low surface brightness. Situated just 1.2' SW of mag 7.6 HD 139323 and 2' NW of mag 6.8 HD 139341 (1.1" pair)! The bright stars detract from viewing. Faintest in a trio with NGC 5966 2.7' S and IC 4563 2.1' NE (just east of the mag 7.6 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4560 = J. 3-1374, along with IC 4563, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is erroneous due to confusion with the offset star (using different stars for RA and Dec). See Corwin's notes regarding Javelle's error in reducing his position.

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IC 4562 = UGC 9928 = MCG +07-32-34 = CGCG 222-030 = I Zw 118 = WBL 577-001 = PGC 55559

15 35 57.0 +43 29 36; Boo

V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, ~40" diameter, bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' WSW and a mag 12.4 star is 2.5' ENE. Brightest member of group of 5 IC galaxies.

IC 4562A, just 1.2' NE, was faint, very small, round, ~12"-15" diameter. This compact companion to IC 4562 has a high surface brightness so was easily visible

17.5" (6/27/98): First in a group (WBL 577) of six galaxies discovered by Barnard with the 12" refractor at Lick Observatory along with IC 4564/65/66/67. Fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.7' diameter, bright core. Stellar nucleus detected at 280x. Located between two mag 11.5-12 stars 1.3' WSW and 2.5' ENE. Forms a close pair with IC 4562A just 1.2' NE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4562 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "pretty bright, small, round, much brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906). He also indicated a very small nebula close northeast (IC 4562A), though was uncertain if it was a faint star.

His positions are not very accurate (particularly in RA) and the position for IC 4562 is 18 seconds too far west and 3.5' south. Still the identifications are certain based on the sketch. MCG doesn't identify its +07-32-034 as IC 4562.

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IC 4563 = MCG +07-32-033 = CGCG 222-029 = PGC 55565

15 36 03.7 +39 49 53; Boo

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 163°

24" (7/14/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 20"x15". Second brightest in trio with NGC 5966 4.3' SW and IC 4560 2.1' SW. Remarkable located 1' E of a mag 7.6 star and 1.8' N of a mag 6.8 star!

24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, slightly brighter core. Located just 1' E of mag 7.6 HD 139323 and 1.8' N of mag 6.8 HD 139341 (1.1" double)! NGC 5966 is 4.3' SW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4563 = J. 3-1376, along with IC 4560, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His positions are 1.7' too far north as he confused his offset stars (using HD 139323) when computing the declination.

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IC 4564 = UGC 9930 = MCG +07-32-036 = CGCG 222-033 = WBL 577-003 = PGC 55584

15 36 27.0 +43 31 08; Boo

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 70°

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; faint, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1 E-W, ~0.9'x0.3', broad weak concentration. A mag 15.4 star is off the W side [1' from center] and occasionally a mag 15.7 was glimpsed off the E side. On a line between IC 4566 3' ENE, a mag 12 star 3' WSW and IC 4562 5.7' WSW.

17.5" (6/27/98): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 ~E-W, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration. A couple of mag 15 stars are 1' preceding. This galaxy is the third of four on a line including IC 4562 5.6' WSW and IC 4566 3.0' ENE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4564 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "slightly faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).

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IC 4565 = UGC 9931 = MCG +07-32-037 = CGCG 222-034 = WBL 577-004 = PGC 55592

15 36 35.1 +43 25 29; Boo

V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 8°

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; very faint (visible with averted vision only), very elongated 2:1 N-S, ~25"x12", very low uniform surface brightness. Faintest member of the sextet.

17.5" (6/27/98): this galaxy is the faintest of six in the IC 4562 group. Required averted vision to view this extremely faint "knot", only 5"-10" in diameter. Nearly equally spaced with a mag 15 star 1.8' NNE and a mag 12 star 3.7' NNE. Located 6' SSE of IC 4564.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4565 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).

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IC 4566 = UGC 9933 = MCG +07-32-038 = CGCG 222-035 = WBL 577-005 = PGC 55601

15 36 42.1 +43 32 22; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165°

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", brighter core. At the east end of a 10' collinear string that includes IC 4564, IC 4562 and IC 4562A, as well as two mag 11.5-12 stars.

17.5" (6/27/98): faint, small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration. Fourth of four on a line including IC 4564 3.0' WSW in a group of six galaxies.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4566 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "faintish, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).

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IC 4567 = UGC 9940 = MCG +07-32-040 = CGCG 222-037 = PGC 55620

15 37 13.2 +43 17 53; Boo

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 125°

14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad weak concentration. Easily held steadily with direct vision. A mag 15.5 star was barely glimpsed off the SW side [0.6' from center].

17.5" (6/27/98): last in the IC 4562 group (WBL 577). Appears fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.7', broad concentration. Located 7' ENE of a mag 8.2 SAO 45639 and 2.4' W of a mag 11.5 star.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4567 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch, though it was not published until 1906 (AN 4136). The IC position is 3.5' too far SE but the identification is certain.

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IC 4568 = CGCG 166-028 = PGC 55746

15 40 07.6 +28 09 08; CrB

V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 40°

17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. First in a group (USGC U718) of 8 IC galaxies including IC 4569/70/72/74/80/81/82.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4568 = J. 3-1377 on 24 Jul 1895. His position corresponds with CGCG 166-028, the first in a group of 8 IC galaxies.

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IC 4569 = MCG +05-37-013 = CGCG 166-032 = WBL 581-002 = PGC 55783

15 40 48.4 +28 17 31; CrB

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9

17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus. In a group (WBL 581) of faint galaxies including MCG +05-37-012 5.0' NW.

E.E. Barnard probably discovered IC 4569 = J. 3-1378 visually, along with IC 4572, on 29 Jan 1889. See IC 4572.

Stephane Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Jul 1895 and his position matches CGCG 166-032. Barnard didn't publish his discovery or notify Dreyer so Javelle is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4570 = UGC 9975 = MCG +05-37-014 = CGCG 166-035 = WBL 581-003 = PGC 55797

15 41 22.6 +28 13 47; CrB

V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5

17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, fairly small, ~45" diameter with averted vision, very low surface brightness with no concentration. This is one of the larger members of the faint IC 4568-81 group (WBL 581).

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4570 = J. 3-1379 on 24 Jul 1895. His position corresponds with UGC 9975 in a group of 8 IC galaxies.

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IC 4572 = MCG +05-37-016 = CGCG 166-037n = PGC 55817

15 41 54.2 +28 08 02; CrB

V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 60°

17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, elongated SW-NE, 40"x25", weak concentration. Located 9' NE of mag 8.0 SAO 83949 in a group of IC galaxies discovered by Javelle.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4572 = J. 3-1380 visually, probably along with IC 4569, on 29 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position of 15h 36m 53s +28° 25' (1889) corresponds with a group of IC galaxies (IC 4568, 4569, 4570, 4572, 4574), but is closest to IC 4572 and IC 4570. The southeast galaxy on his simple sketch (probably IC 4572) is noted as "pF, pL, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish." The northwest galaxy (either IC 4570 or IC 4569) is noted as "pS, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish." The sketch of the 80x field shows a single star - probably mag 8.4 SAO 83949 = HD 140253. If the field diameter is close to 40', then the second galaxy is more likely IC 4569 (separation of 17'), which has a higher surface brightness and was more evident in my visual observation.

Stephane Javelle found this galaxy again on 25 Jul 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory and measured an accurate position. Barnard didn't publish his discovery or notify Dreyer so Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4574 = CGCG 166-038 = PGC 55820

15 41 59.1 +28 14 26; CrB

V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 23°

17.5" (7/3/97): this was a marginal object with averted vision and was visible only for moments as an extremely small knot, <10" diameter. Required GSC finder chart to pinpoint location. Faintest of 8 galaxies picked up in a group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4574 = J. 3-1382 on 25 Jul 1895. His position corresponds with CGCG 166-038 in a group of 7 IC galaxies.

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IC 4580 = CGCG 166-041 = PGC 55862

15 43 14.3 +28 21 25; CrB

V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 170°

17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, elongated 0.5'x0.2' ~N-S, no concentration. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.8' ESE. 6th of 8 IC galaxies in a group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4580 = J. 3-1387, along with IC 4581 and 4582, on 26 Jul 1895. His micrometric offset lands precisely on CGCG 166-041 (his position for the reference star was off by 1' in dec).

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IC 4581 = MCG +05-37-019 = CGCG 166-046 = PGC 55893

15 44 01.5 +28 16 37; CrB

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 22°

24" (7/18/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 24"x18", very weak concentration. A mag 13.7 star lies 45" S. IC 4580 lies 11.5' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4581 = J. 3-1388, along with IC 4580 and 4582, on 26 Jul 1895.

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IC 4582 = UGC 10021 = MCG +05-37-020 = CGCG 166-052 = PGC 55967

15 45 39.4 +28 05 19; CrB

V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 172°

24" (7/18/15): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 ~N-S, ~0.8'x0.25', very small brighter nucleus. Last in a group of 8 IC galaxies. IC 4581 lies 24' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4582 = J. 3-1389, along with IC 4580 and 4581, on 26 Jul 1895.

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IC 4584 = ESO 100-004 = AM 1555-661S = PGC 56627

16 00 12.3 -66 23 00; TrA

Size 1.7'x1.5'; PA = 96°

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; faint, large, round, ~1.75' diameter, low even surface brightness. Appears like a low surface brightness, diffuse nebulosity in a very rich star field! Forms a close pair with IC 4585 3.7' N. A group of a half-dozenmag 12-13 stars are between the two galaxies.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4584 = D.S. 426, along with IC 4585, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, iF."

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IC 4585 = ESO 100-005 = AM 1555-661N = PGC 56630

16 00 17.6 -66 19 20; TrA

V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 45°

25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.25'x0.5', very diffuse, broad concentration. A mag 11.3 star is off the NE end [1.4' from center]. Forms a pair with IC 4584 3.7' S. A group of a half-dozen mag 12-13 stars are between the two galaxies.

Both of these galaxies appear out of place as large, somewhat ghostly (low surface brightness) galaxies in a rich star field. I might have assume they were faint emission nebulae. After the observation I found the secondary was dewed over and this likely degraded the view.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 4585 = D.S. 427, along with IC 4584, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, iF."

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IC 4586 = NGC 6014 = UGC 10091 = MCG +01-41-002 = CGCG 051-007 = PGC 56413

15 55 57.5 +05 55 56; Ser

V = 12.2; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2

See observing notes for NGC 6014.

Lewis Swift found IC 4586 = Sw. 12-13 on 19 Aug 1897 and recorded "eF, S, R, bet *8 f[ollowing] and curve of stars p[receding]." His description is a perfect match with NGC 6014, though his RA (noted as uncertain and only to the nearest minute of time) is off by a minute and his dec was 5' in error. Dorothy Carlson equated the two numbers in her 1940 paper on NGC/IC Corrections.

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IC 4587 = CGCG 137-012 = PGC 56614

15 59 51.6 +25 56 26; CrB

V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 98°

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, 18", very small brighter nucleus, small halo with averted. Located 5' ENE of recurrent nova T Corona Borealis, nicknamed the "Blaze Star". Normally about 10th magnitude, it increased to mag 2 and 3 in 1866 and 1946, respectively.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4587 visually on 27 Apr 1903 while observing the variable (recurrent nova) T Corona Borealis. The star is normally around 10th magnitude (currently mag ~9.2) but blazed to second magnitude in 1866 and third magnitude in 1946. From 1903 to 1907, Barnard periodically looked for evidence of a change in color or indication of a non-stellar appearance using the Yerkes 40-inch refractor. In a report published in ApJ, 25, 279 (1907), he wrote, "While examining the star, I found a faint nebula in the field with it, following. The nebula is of the 14th or 15th magnitude, and is from 5" to 10" in diameter, without any nucleus." This object is Barnard's last known visual discovery.

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IC 4588 = AWM 4-3 = PGC 57025

16 05 04.3 +23 55 02; Ser

V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 134°

24" (7/23/14): very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. Located 2' SE of NGC 6051 and 1.5' E of a mag 11.2 star in the cluster AWM 4.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4588 = J. 3-1391 on 15 Jul 1903 and noted "vF, vS, R, stellar, 5051 p.". His position is a very good match with PGC 57025.

The NGC has a typo "[NGC] 5051 p", instead of "[NGC] 6051 p." The MCG, PGC, HyperLeda, SIMBAD (as well as Megastar, etc.) incorrectly equate IC 4588 with NGC 6051. The correct identification is given in NED, NGC 2000.0 and the Deep Sky Field Guide.

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IC 4593 = PK 25+40.1 = PN G025.3+40.8 = White-Eyed Pea Nebula

16 11 44.5 +12 04 17; Her

V = 10.7; Size 13"x10"

24" (6/30/22): at 109x; shows a distinct "blinking" effect. Staring directly emphasizes the bright blue central star, but with averted a small halo is prominent. Increasing to 457x, a prominent central star is encased in a very well defined, slightly elongated halo ~4:3 in a N-S orientation.

14.5" (7/11/21): identified very easily at 140x as a fairly bright, fuzzy blue "star". Good, but not excellent, contrast gain with an OIII filter. At 226x, a small 10" disc surrounds a clearly seen central star in the high surface brightness glow. Increasing to 352x, the central star was much more prominent and the halo was slightly elongated NNW-SSE and seemed irregular. A mag 9.4 star is 5' NW and the double star STF 2016 is 11' SE. The planetary is along the line connecting these objects.

18" (7/20/06): at 160x the 10.5-mag central star is encased by a small, oval halo, elongated NNW-SSE, ~10"x7". The planetary has the characteristic blue glow seen in this class of objects. Good response to OIII blinking at this power. The central star is more prominent at 225x and 325x but there were no additional details visible in fairly poor seeing.

17.5" (5/10/86): at 286x a bright 11th magnitude central star is visible surrounded by a small, slightly elongated halo, bluish color. Located 11' NW of double star STF 2016 = 8.5/9.6 at 7".

8" (6/30/22): at 109x, IC 4593 was easily identified as a blue 11th mag fuzzy star situated 5' SE of a brighter mag 9.4 star. Adding a NPB filter provides an excellent contrast gain and the planetary appears to outshine the star.

8" (6/81): stellar at 100x but a slightly elongated disc is easy to view at 220x-350x. Located 12' NW of a mag 9 star.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4593 = Fleming 96 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate (Circular 124). Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "Central star about mag 10. This is surrounded by a disk of brighter matter 11" in diameter, fading out a little towards the edges. There is a bright wing at the north end in pa 347°, and a smaller and fainter projection opposite this; fainter matter outside brings the whole diameter to about 15"."

The Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula, Sky Catalogue 2000.0 and the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas has the wrong RA of 16h 12.2m. At this position on the U2000 is a mag 9 star as IC 4593 was recorded as a star in the BD catalogue.

John Mallas coined the nickname "White-Eyed Pea" in his Feb/Mar 1963 article "Visual Atlas of Planetary Nebulae-III", published in the "Review of Popular Astronomy".

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IC 4594 = NGC 6075 = MCG +04-38-038 = VV 380 = CGCG 137-055 = PGC 57426

16 11 22.6 +23 57 53; Her

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 93°

17.5" (5/28/89): faint, very small, broad concentration, faint stellar nucleus. Located 8' N of mag 8.8 SAO 84237.

Stephane Javelle found IC 4594 = J. III-1393 on 20 July 1903. He accidentally reversed the sign on the declination offset from his comparison star so his position for J. III-1393 (later IC 4594) is in error. Once corrected, it is clear that IC 4594 = NGC 6075 (discovered by Stephan in 1881). PGC and LEDA only identify this galaxy as NGC 6075.

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IC 4596 = ESO 516-009 = MCG -04-38-005 = PGC 57665

16 16 03.6 -22 37 31; Sco

V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 54°

17.5" (7/22/00): extremely faint, very small, elongated at least 2:1 SW-NE, ~20"x10", low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is close north [37" from center] and a triangle of mag 12/13 stars lies 3' NNE. Located 25' NW of globular cluster M80!

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4596 = D.S. 428 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, vE at 40°, mbM, * N, prob. spiral."

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IC 4599 = PK 338+5.1 = He 2-155 = ESO 331-1 = PN G338.8+05.6

16 19 23.1 -42 15 36; Sco

V = 12.4; Size 16"x13"

13.1" (3/17/86): at 79x appears as an out of focus star with an estimated V magnitude of 12.5-13.0. Considerable contrast gain with an OIII filter. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' SSW and a mag 10 star 2.7' SE. The planetary appears fainter than the two stars unfiltered but much brighter with a filter. A small disc is clearly visible at 166x or higher. Identified as He 2-155 in CGPN and ESO-Strausberg catalogues.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4599 = F. 1144 on a plate taken on 20 Jun 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "Planetary, magn. about 15." Kohoutek's "Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae" (CGPN) doesn't label PK 338+5.1 as IC 4599.

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IC 4601 = ESO 585-1 = Ced 129b = Ced 129c = LBN 1115 = vdB 102/103

16 20 00 -20 02; Sco

Size 20'x10'

18" (7/12/10): I immediately noticed IC 4601 at 108x while viewing Barnard 41 (about 15' NE). This large reflection nebula (part of Rho Ophiuchi complex) contains two bright, striking pairs at 47" (SHJ 225 = 7.4/8.1) and 13" (SHJ 226 = 7.6/8.4). Both of these pairs are encased within large, obvious hazy glows (vdB 102 and 103) with an irregular, elongated shape oriented NW-SE. The glow was faintly visible in my 80mm finder at 13x.

13.1" (7/5/83): appears as a large, slightly milky and starless region involving two pretty double stars (SHJ 225 = 7.4/8.1 at 47" and SHJ 226 = 7.6/8.3 at 13") and a single star to the west. This triangular region appears "lighter" than the surrounding background with a Deep Sky filter. The north side has a more definite edge.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4601 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted two bright BD stars (the latter is HD 147103) "to be strongly involved in diffused nebulosity which is slightly elongated np and sf." DeLisle Stewart found the nebulosity again on an Arequipa plate taken in 1898 and reported D.S. 431 as "B, eL, nebulous wisps, involves AGC 22138-39 and 22150-1; extends 1m in RA and 12' in Dec."

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IC 4602 = NGC 6132 = UGC 10363 = MCG +02-42-002 = CGCG 080-020 = PGC 58002

16 23 38.8 +11 47 10; Her

V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 127°

See observing notes for NGC 6132.

Lewis Swift found IC 4602 = Sw. 11-183 on 22 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; F * near f[ollowing]; 2 B[right] stars in field south nearly point to it; eee diff." There is nothing near Swift's position, but 1° south is NGC 6132 and his description of the nearby stars fits. So NGC 6132 = IC 4602. See Harold Corwin's identification notes for more on IC 4602.

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IC 4603 = ESO 517-2 = LBN 1109 = vdB 105 = Ced 131a

16 25 26.3 -24 27 57; Oph

Size 20'x10'

17.5" (6/30/00): this is a large, circular glow surrounding a 4' pair of mag 8/10 stars and part of the Rho Ophiuchi complex (2° north of Antares). The nebulosity extends roughly 8'-10' in diameter. The setting is quite eerie as the 50' field is nearly devoid of all stars - just two other faint stars. The field has a dull gray appearance as if it was weakly luminous.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4603, along with IC 4604, around 1883, probably with his 5" refractor. In his 1895 paper "On a great photographic nebula near Antares", he stated "for fully ten or twelve years I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares. I tried a number of times to located this nebulosity, but could never definitely settle its extent and exact position. I first knew of its presence in my early comet seeking, having come across it repeatedly in my sweep." In addition, he referred to a note made 15 June 1892, "A couple of years ago [at Lick Observatory] I found 2 stars involved in a very large diffused nebulosity. They are strongly nebulous in the 6.5" and in the 12", but are best seen in the 6.5". The stars are about 8.5 and 9.5 mag, the following star being the brighter. They are 1.8° north and 42' preceding Antares [apparently IC 4603]. This region and preceding it for some distance seems to consist of a vast but very diffused nebulosity."

At Lick he took an image of region on 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted "the brighter and more complicated portions of the nebula center about Rho Ophiuchi, 22 Scorpii and a couple of small stars occupying the center of the equilateral triangle formed by Rho Oph, 22 and Sigma Scorpii." The "couple of small stars occupying the center" are involved with IC 4603.

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IC 4604 = ESO 517-3 = LBN 1111 = vdB 106 = Ced 131b

16 25 35.1 -23 26 50; Oph

Size 60'x25'

17.5" (6/30/00): this northern section of the Rho Ophiuchi nebula surrounds three bright stars including mag 5 Rho Ophiuchi (a close double at 3" separation) and two mag 7 stars 2.5' N and WSW. The glow appears most evident around the bright star. The dusty surrounding field (Barnard 42) is nearly empty of stars.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4604, the Rho Ophiuchi Nebula, around 1883 using his 5" refractor. See notes on IC 4603.

Caroline Herschel, in a letter to her nephew John Herschel, wrote she "once heard your father, after a long awful silence, exclaim "Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel! [Here is truly a hole in the heavens!]”. She added her brother returned to this unique region several nights over several years. Caroline urged John to search for this object in the lower part of Scorpion during his trip to South Africa. John sent Caroline a letter from the Cape of Good Hope dated 22 Feb 1835 in which he stated the region near Rho Ophiuchi contained fields “without the smallest star." In 1928 Johann Hagen, director of the Vatican Observatory, claimed William Herschel's "Hole in the heavens” referred to B86, but Joseph Ashbrook stated it referred to the Rho Oph region in an "Astronomical Scrapbook” column.

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IC 4605 = ESO 517-8 = LBN 1110 = vdB 108 = Ced 133

16 30 12.5 -25 06 55; Sco

Size 30'x30'

17.5" (6/30/00): this section of the Rho Ophiuchi reflection nebula appears as a faint halo surrounding 5th magnitude 22 Scorpii. A mag 7 companion lies 3.6' SW. As with other sections of the nebula, the surrounding field is strangely devoid of stars and the background has a grayish sheen as if it is feebly glowing. Barnard 44 is a huge dark lane that extends roughly 6° ENE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4605 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. It's possible he discovered it visually (along with IC 4603 and 4604) as early as 1882 or 1883 with his 5" refractor, although he only claimed "for fully 10 or 12 years [before 1895] I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares.

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IC 4606 = NGC 6144?

16 27 14.0 -26 01 25; Sco

V = 9.1; Size 9.3'

See observing notes for NGC 6144.

William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4606 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing at his position, though the RA was only roughly given to the nearest minute. ESO reported the number as not found and Harold Corwin called it lost. But in 2004 David Frew suggested that IC 4606 "is just an observation of the globular cluster NGC 6144 with an error in position [4.3 min of time too large]. His description fits perfectly: "follows a faint star 4.5 secs., and is 0.5 [arcmin] S." There is a 12th magnitude star on the north-preceding side of the core, so this identification seems very plausible.

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IC 4608 = EO 043-IG4 = AM 1639-772 = PGC 58968

16 46 54.0 -77 29 19; Aps

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 80°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 E-W, ~36"x27" Appears to have a slightly brighter bar running ~E-W (direction of drift). A nice equal mag doube is 2.4' N (SKF 454 = 11.7/12.1 at 5"). IC 4608 is situated in a busy star field 12' ENE of mag 4.2 Beta Apus! On the DSS this galaxy has an unusual arc-shaped appearance.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4608 = D.S. 432 on a plate taken 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 85°, bM." ESO classifies it as an interacting system due to the unusual morphology.

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IC 4610 = PGC 58499

16 33 39.2 +39 15 27; Her

V = 15.5; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 45°

17.5" (8/21/98): first in a small trio with IC 4611 and IC 4612. Appears extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. No details were visible and it required averted vision for a decent view. This galaxy is possibly slightly fainter than IC 4611. Located 2.0' W of IC 4612 and 1.2' ESE of a mag 12 star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4610 = J. 3-1396, along with IC 4611 and 4612, on 25 Jul 1903. His position matches PGC 58499. This galaxy is not included in UGC, MCG or CGCG. MCG, PGC and RC3 misidentifies IC 4612 as IC 4610 (PGC incorrectly equates the two numbers).

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IC 4611 = MCG +07-34-112 = PGC 58498

16 33 42.3 +39 11 06; Her

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 0°

17.5" (8/21/98): second of three with IC 4610 and IC 4612. Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Contains a very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with a mag 13.5 star 1.8' WNW and a mag 14 star 1.6' N. Appears similar to IC 4610. This identification assumes Javelle gave the wrong sign on the direction of offset from his comparison star.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4611 = J. 3-1397, along with IC 4610, on 25 Jul 1902. There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle must have reserved the offset sign from his comparison star. Once corrected, his re-reduced position falls directly on MCG +07-34-112 = PGC 58498. Dreyer copied this error into the IC 2 and as a result modern sources (except for NED) fail to identify this galaxy as IC 4611. Javelle observed the trio again on 27 Jul 1908 and included IC 4611 as a new discovery (J. 1850) in his unpublished 4th catalogue!

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IC 4612 = MCG +07-34-113 = CGCG 224-072 = I Zw 157 = PGC 58505

16 33 49.6 +39 15 47; Her

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'

17.5" (8/21/98): brightest in a trio with IC 4610 and IC 4611. Appears faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Forms the southern vertex of a small equilateral triangle with a mag 13 star 1.0' NNW and a mag 14 star 1.0' NE. IC 4610 lies 2.0' WSW and IC 4611 is 4.9' SSW. This group is located one degree east of the core of AGC 2199 (NGC 6166) and is referenced in NED.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4612 = J. 3-1398, along with IC 4610 and 4611 on 25 Jul 1903. The IC position matches CGCG 224-072 = PGC 58505, but modern catalogues misidentify this galaxy as IC 4610 (MCG, RC3) or IC 4610 = IC 4612 (PGC).

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IC 4614 = MCG +06-36-057 = CGCG 196-087 = PGC 58641

16 37 47.2 +36 06 54; Her

V = 14.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'

18" (6/7/08): faint (visible continuously with averted), fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low even surface brightness. Located 2.9' NNW of brighter NGC 6196 and third of three in chain.

17.5" (6/6/86): faint, small, very diffuse, a larger but very faint halo is barely visible. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' NW. Faintest of three on a line with NGC 6196 2.9' SSE and NGC 6197 7.6' SSE.

13.1" (8/5/83): extremely faint, very small. A faint star is off the NW edge 17" from the center. Farthest north of a trio with NGC 6196 and IC 4616.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4614 = Big. 324 on 28 Jun 1895, while searching for NGC 6194, 6196, 6197, and 6199. Because of the poor discovery positions for NGC 6196 and 6197, Bigourdan rediscovered these galaxies and they also carry the IC designations IC 4615 and 44616, respectively.

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IC 4615 = NGC 6196 = UGC 10482 = MCG +06-36-058 = CGCG 196-088 = PGC 58644

16 37 53.9 +36 04 22; Her

V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°

18" (6/7/08): middle and brightest of three on a line. At 260x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, sharply concentrated with a bright, 20" core that increases to a stellar nucleus with direct vision and a 35"x25" halo. IC 4614 lies 3' NNW and NGC 6197 is 5' SSE.

17.5" (6/6/86): brightest in the NGC 6196 group. Fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, bright core, fairly faint stellar nucleus. A pair of mag 15 stars are 1.3' S and 1.3' SSE. NGC 6196 is the middle of a linear trio with IC 4614 3.0' NNW and NGC 6197 = IC 4616 4.8' SSE. An extremely faint galaxy (2MASX J16374842+3603393) lies 1.3' SW.

13.1" (8/5/83): fairly faint, bright core.

13.1" (7/5/83): faint, small, round, small bright core. Brightest in group located 45' W and 24' S of M13!

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4615 = Big. 325 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6196. Because of Marth's poor position (off by 39 seconds of RA to far west and 1.6' too far north), he rediscovered this galaxy and misidentified NGC 6196 with a faint star. MCG and CGCG labeled this galaxy as IC 4615 and UGC didn't use either the NGC or IC designation. See Harold Corwin's notes for more on this field.

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IC 4616 = NGC 6197 = MCG +06-36-059 = CGCG 196-089 = PGC 58655

16 37 59.8 +35 59 43; Her

V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 38°

18" (6/7/08): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 20"x14". Located 5' SSE of NGC 6196 and second brightest in chain of three galaxies.

17.5" (6/6/86): faint, very small, almost round. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' SE. This is the second brightest and furthest south in a trio with NGC 6196 4.8' NNW and IC 4614 7.6' NNW. This galaxy is identified as IC 4616 in the CGCG and MCG and RNGC misidentifies NGC 6197 with an extremely faint companion a 1.3' SW of NGC 6196.

13.1" (8/5/83): very faint, very small, near visual threshold.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4616 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6197. Due to Albert Marth's very poor position for NGC 6197, Bigourdan misidentified a faint star as NGC 6197 and rediscovered NGC 6197 as Big. 426 (later IC 4616). CGCG, MCG and UGC label this galaxy as IC 4616, due to its unambiguous position, though NGC 6197 should apply by historical precedence. See NGC 6197 for more on the identification.

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IC 4617 = LEDA 2085077

16 42 08.1 +36 41 03; Her

V = 15.2; Size 50"x20"; PA = 30°

24" (6/16/12): at 280x; very faint, small, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~24"x10". Situated just 18" W of a mag 14.7 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14-15 stars.

18" (7/23/06): viewed at both 225x and 323x and appeared as an extremely faint elongated glow just west of a mag 14-14.5 star at the SW vertex of a small trapezoidal asterism of mag 14 stars. The galaxy required averted vision and was not held continuously but was visible as an elongated glow 2.5:1 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.3'x0.1', with a very low even surface brightness.

18" (7/17/04): extremely faint, very small, elongated nearly 3:1 SSW-NNE. Visible perhaps 50% of the time at 250x with averted vision. A mag 14 star is very close following (part of a small parallelogram). If I moved this object NE of center, part of the outer halo of M13 was visible at the SW edge of the field providing an interesting contrast!

17.5" (7/16/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, difficult and cannot hold continuously with averted vision. Located about 14' NNE of the core of M13 and 15' SW of NGC 6207! A mag 14 star is close following 19" ESE of center and this star forms the SW vertex of a small parallelogram of mag 14 stars with sides approximately 1.5'x0.5'.

17.5" (7/16/88): marginal object, very small, elongated SSW-NNE, mag 14 star close following.

17.5" (8/21/87): extremely faint, very small streak oriented SW-NE. Located just west of a mag 14 star that forms one vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14 stars. Only visible part of the time (~20%) with averted.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4617 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer (date and instrument unknown), but I assume it was using the 48" at Lick Observatory. His reported RA was 50 seconds of time too small but his description "S, E 29°, bM" clearly matches.

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IC 4618 = ESO 043-009 = AM 1650-765 = PGC 59325

16 57 50.0 -76 59 35; Aps

V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 118°

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x this highly peculiar appeared moderately bright, round, 1.1' halo, irregular surface brightness but with no distinct core. There was hint of mottling or knotty structure. On images this galaxy has an unusual twisted bar with distorted extensions.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4618 = D.S. 433 on a plate taken on 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! eF, eS, 2-branch spiral."

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IC 4621 = UGC 10576 = MCG +01-43-004 = CGCG 053-015 = PGC 59104

16 50 51.2 +08 47 01; Her

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 147°

24" (8/25/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25" NW-SE, weak concentration, slightly mottled or irregular surface brightness (probably the halo of a spiral). A mag 11.8 star is 1.2' NW and a mag 14 star is 1.4' E. Situated very close to the Ophiuchus border.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4621 = K. 2-36 on 15 May 1890 (published in 1898) with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg. He identified this object as Kobold 10 (his 10th discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.

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IC 4625 = NGC 6240 = UGC 10592 = MCG +00-43-004 = CGCG 025-011 = VV 617 = PGC 59186

16 52 58.9 +02 24 04; Oph

V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 20°

See observing notes for NGC 6240.

E.E. Barnard found IC 4625 (= NGC 6240) on 7 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and noted (from observing log) "Ran upon a nebula close south-preceding a 10m star. Nebula is 2 seconds p[receding] the star and 1/4' ± south." His position was 2' too far north, but the star is right at his offsets, so there is no question that IC 4625 = NGC 6240. Dreyer added the comment "? = 6240" in the IC description. See NGC 6240 for more.

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IC 4627 = LEDA 165701

16 54 08.7 -07 38 08; Oph

Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 74°

24" (7/14/20): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness. The exact position was easy to identify as the galaxy lies 30" NW of a mag 13.3 star. Once identified, I could nearly hold it continuously with averted in my sweet spot.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4627 (date unknown), probably with the Lick 36" refractor, and directly communcated to Dreyer without publication. The IC description ("extremely faint, extremely small, diffused, * 12 south 12") and position matches LEDA 165701.

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IC 4628 = ESO 332-14 = Gum 56 = Ced 137b = Prawn Nebula

16 57 00 -40 20; Sco

Size 90'x60'

18" (6/12/10): this large HII region is embedded in the northern half of Tr 24, a sprawling 60' cluster just north of NGC 6231. Using 108x and UHC filter, IC 4628 stood out as a very large, fairly bright glow within Tr 24. The main glow was elongated E-W, roughly 30'x12' with mag 7.2 HD 152723 just off the S side. The northern side has a fairly well-defined edge and a number of mag 8-10 stars are embedded along the SW and W end of the nebulosity. A fainter extension begins on the E end and extends NE for ~15', ending in a brighter HII patch (G345.31+01.47) peppered with several stars and involving the infrared cluster [DBS2003] 114.

Tr 24 is a striking, very large, bright scattered grouping that overfills the 56' field with no distinct borders. A number of the stars appeared to be grouped into long chains with smaller knots and concentrations including vdB-Ha 202 and vdB-Ha 205.

Ru 122 = vdB-Ha 202, situated 10' NNW of mag 6.1-6.4 V861 Sco, is located in a beautifully rich region on the SW side of Tr 24. Within this string is a 15" pair of mag 10 stars and just south of a mag 9 situated 2' NW of the double is vdB-Ha 202, a faint, very rich dusting of stars that is elongated ~N-S. The cluster is dense, just 2' in length and only partially resolved. A group of faint stars spread out E-W off the south end.

vdB-Ha 205, situated 20' NE of vdB-Ha 202, consists of 20 stars mag 7.5 to 13.5 in a distinctive 4' group. The brightest star is on the NW side. The center and south side of the group is devoid of stars. A smaller clump of stars 7' S of vdB-Ha 205 is catalogued as ESO 332-011. Another string of stars 7' NE is listed as ESO 332-013.

8" (7/13/91 - Southern Baja): this is an emission nebula on the north side of a large open cluster Tr 24 = H12. Appears fairly faint, very large, about 30'x10' diameter and clearly elongated E-W. Shows up best with the UHC filter at 83x although visible without a filter. Includes some brighter portions. Also visible in the 16x80 finder with a UHC filter.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4628 between 1892 and 1895 on a plate taken at Lick Observatory. In Lick Publications Vol 11, 1913, Plate 37 he describes: "The coarse cluster in 16h 48m, -40.3° does not seem to be in Dreyer's lists. It is a very interesting object and appears to be connected by a scattering chain of stars, with the cluster [NGC] 6231 south of it. In its northern part is the nebula IC 4628. This was originally discovered on a plate with the Willard lens, but no announcement was made of it. It is a large nebula one half degree in diameter and of irregular form and brightness. A photograph with the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mount Wilson in 1905 (June 21) shows the irregular group of stars and the nebula very beautifully. There are still fainter portions that extend half a degree to the northeast. The nebulosity, apparently, does not condense about any one of the stars and is probably not actually connected with the cluster."

Royal Harwood Frost also found IC 4628 = F. 1148 on a photographic place taken in 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's Arequipa station and both are credited in the IC. The nebula was also reported in 1909 on a photograph taken by Harry E. Wood with the Franklin-Adams camera at the Transvaal Observatory in Johannesburg. It was imaged again in 1921-1922 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and described as "faint, extending 30' in R.A. and 15' in Declinatin, typical galactic nebula."

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IC 4630 = UGC 10607 = MCG +04-40-007 = CGCG 139-020 = VV 852 = Mrk 1111 = PGC 59257

16 55 09.6 +26 39 46; Her

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 6°

24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint/moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", very small bright core and stellar nucleus. I wasn't confident about seeing the tidal tail to the south. A mag 10 star is 4.4' SSW (brightest star in a small asterism) and another is 4.3' NE.

LEDA 1783536 was also picked up 6.6' ESE. It was extremely faint (V = 15.6), very small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness with no concentration. Situated 25" S of a mag 14.5 star and 1.6' W of a mag 13 star.

24" (7/14/15): at 375x, fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~22"x16". Contains a bright stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. I had a couple of definite "pops" of the tidal tail extending to the south.

24" (7/24/14): at 375x, this post-merger system appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3'. Strongly concentrated with a very small bright core containing very bright, sharp stellar nucleus. With careful viewing, there was a very strong impression of an extension (tidal plume) extending south. The narrow tidal tail extending northeast on the SDSS image was not seen.

18" (7/12/10): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 0.6'x0.4'. Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. Forms the vertex of a flat isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star 4.4' SSW and another mag 10 stars a similar distance northeast.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4630 = J. 3-1400 on 27 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, R, 20", stellar nucleus of mag 14." and measured an accurate position. VV 852 is the category of "Jets and Tails without Visible Cause"

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IC 4633 = ESO 044-003 = AM 1705-773 = KTS 54A = PGC 59884

17 13 47.0 -77 32 10; Aps

V = 13.0; Size 4.0'x3.0'; Surf Br = 15.5; PA = 146°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, very large, slightly elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness. Contains a relatively small brighter core. The halo appears to fade into the background with no distinct edge but perhaps 3' along the major axis. Brightest in a trio (KTS 54) with IC 4635 6.7' NE and ESO 044-010 22' NE.

IC 4633 resides in a fairly rich star field 15' W of mag 8.7 HD 153435. Deep images show the field is awash in very faint galactic nebulosity (interstellar flux nebula = IFN) and the galaxy appears to be emmersed in the nebulosity.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4633 = D.S. 437 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!very faint, cL, considerably brighter middle, possibly spiral."

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IC 4634 = PK 0+12.1 = ESO 587-1 = PN G000.3+12.2 = HD 153655

17 01 33.6 -21 49 34; Oph

V = 10.9; Size 11"x9"

8" (6/30/22): at 109x; appears as a fairly bright blue "star", which is fainter than a mag 10 star 6' S, but slightly brighter than the mag 11 star 4.6' SSE. A narrowband filter turns up the contrast 2-3 mags and it appears significantly brighter than the mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x shows a slightly non-stellar halo and 229x reveals an obvious small disc ~10" diameter. IC 4634 is at the midpoint of the mag 11 star to the south and a similar star to the NNW.

14.5" (7/7/21): at 182x; very bright, compact, high surface brightness disc ~10" diameter. Good but not excellent contrast gain with UHC filter. At 264x; fairly strong blue color, nice small disc. At 352x, the central star was visible in a high surface brightness oval disc, elongated NNW-SSE, ~15"x10". Situated midway between two mag 10.5 stars ~4.5' N and S.

18" (8/19/09): picked up immediately at 225x as a bright, 11th magnitude, very small, bluish disc, ~8" diameter. Responds well to blinking with an OIII filter. At 450x, the high surface brightness 8" disc has an irregular outline and is surrounded by a thin, very faint envelope that increases the diameter to ~12". In moments of better seeing, a very faint central star emerges within the high surface brightness glow. A distinctive right triangle of mag 12-13 stars follows (closest star is 1.3' due east).

18" (7/22/06): picked up at 225x as a bright, small, blue disc of very high surface brightness. Good contrast gain using the UHC filter. Appears much brighter than the similar mag 11 star using the filter. At 435x, the planetary is slightly elongated N-S, ~10"x8" with a strong flash of a central star. There appears to be a much fainter, very thin envelope encasing the high surface brightness disc. Similar view at 565x though the elongation was clearer and the outer envelope increased in size to ~15"x11".

17.5" (7/16/93): very bright compact planetary. A very small disc is visible at 220x. At 410x, appears as a small disc about 10" diameter, slightly elongated. Unusually high surface brightness. Estimate V = 11-11.5. A similar mag 11 star lies 4.6' N.

8" (6/19/82): fairly bright, very small, blue-green color. Appears stellar at 100x and just non-stellar at 200x. A small disc is clearly visible at 400x. Located 5' S of a similar mag 11 star.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4634 = Fleming 72 in 1894 on an objective-prism plate taken at the Harvard's Arequipa station. It was included in a list of "stars having peculiar spectra", published in Astronomy & Astro-physics, Vol. XIII, 1894. The notes section mentions "An observation of this object on May 10, 1894, with the 15-inch equatorial, by Mr. O.C. Wendall, confirms the photographic results. Its visual spectrum is the same as that of other gaseous nebulae and it presents a hazy disc when seen with a high power.

Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "the oval disk fades out slightly toward the edges; is 10"x7" in short and 11"x9" in long exposures. There are faint ansae in 160-340°, making the total length 20"."

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IC 4635 = ESO 044-005 = KTS 54B = PGC 59959

17 15 39.2 -77 29 22; Aps

V = 14.0; Size 3.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 165°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.2'x0.25', low surface brightness. A distracting mag 13 star is superimposed at or very close to the west edge of the south end. Only the portion of the galaxy north of this star was obvious. A ghostly extension south of the star was just suspected. The nucleus of the galaxy is a very small brighter spot 0.6' N of the superimposed star. A mag 10 star lies 4.3' ESE.

IC 4635 is the second in a trio (KTS 54) with IC 4633 6.7' SW and ESO 044-010 16' NE. Like IC 4633, this galaxy resides among streams of very faint galactic nebulosity (IFN) in a very photogenic field.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4635 = D.S. 438 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, eS, considerably brighter in the middle"

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IC 4637 = PK 345+0.1 = ESO 332-21 = PN G345.4+00.1

17 05 10.5 -40 53 09; Sco

V = 11.7; Size 21"x17"

14.5" (7/7/21): picked up using 140x as a small bright disc ~15" diameter, between mag 11.5-12.0. Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter! The blue-grey disc was better seen at 182x and the mag 13 central star was often visible. Easily takes 226x, despite a very low elevation at -41° declination. Appears oval with a fairly sharp central star. A small equilateral triangle of mag 11.5-12 stars is ~3' S. Located 2° E of the naked-eye stream of stars to the north of NGC 6231. To identify the field, I located a distinct arc (1.5' length) of 4 stars situated 15' NW.

13.1" (4/10/86): at 166x, fairly bright, small, about 15" diameter, estimate V = 12.0. At 214x the mag 13 central star is visible in good moments, otherwise the planetary has a brighter center. The disc can be resolved at 79x. Located 13' N of mag 8 SAO 227611.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4637 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Boyden station in Arequipa, Peru (Harvard Circular 60).

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IC 4638 = MCG +06-37-021 = CGCG 197-026 = PGC 59446

17 01 13.7 +33 30 47; Her

V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.55'

24" (7/18/20): at 375x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness. Just held continuously once it was picked up. Located 6' SW of 5.3-magnitude 59 Herculi and 2.6' NW of a mag 9.7 star.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4638 on 25 Mar 1889 with the Lick 36-inch refractor while observing nearby 5th magnitude 59 Herculi. He didn't measure an offset at the time, though Barnard made measurements from 59 Her on 19 May 1889 (his computed position is accurate) and added the note "nebula is very small and very faint - power = 175". Burnham later measured the offset with the Yerkes 40-inch refractor in 1899 and reported the measures in the appendix of his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars.

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IC 4640 = ESO 024-001 = KTS 55A = PGC 60209

17 23 58.3 -80 03 51; Aps

Size 1.2'x1.1'

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, diffuse, round, 30" diameter, no distinct core. A mag 12.7 star is 1' S. In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4641 5' S and IC 4647 9.5' SE.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4640 = D.S. 439 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 4641 = ESO 024-002 = KTS 55B = PGC 60221

17 24 10.3 -80 08 51; Aps

Size 1.4'x1.2'; PA = 29°

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; faint, fairly large, round, 1' diameter, very diffuse glow with a low surface brightness and no core. A very wide pair of 13th mag stars are close SE [by 0.8' and 1.4']. In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4640 5' N and IC 4647 5.6' SE.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4641 = D.S. 440 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 4642 = PK 334-9.1 = ESO 180-4 = PN G334.3-09.3

17 11 45.3 -55 24 01; Ara

V = 12.4; Size 18"x15"

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, small, round, compact planetary in a rich star field. Picked up immediately at 171x and UHC filter as the 15" disc was obvious. At 228x the surface seemed a bit irregular with a hint of a starry center. Located just north of the midpoint connecting Beta and Zeta Arae, 2° ESE and 2° WSW.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4642 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60) .

Harlow Shapley reported it as a PN with the designation IC 4642 in a 1936 paper "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin 902). He noted "IC 4642 was found and recognized a planetary nebulae on a Harvard spectrum plate by Mrs. Fleming in 1901." Shapley's announcement also includes Shapley 1 and 3.

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IC 4643 = NGC 6301 = UGC 10723 = MCG +07-35-034 = CGCG 225-049 = PGC 59681

17 08 32.9 +42 20 19; Her

V = 13.4; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 115°

See observing notes for NGC 6301.

Johann Palisa found IC 4643 (= NGC 6301) on 6 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position in AN 143 (#3412) matches NGC 6301. It's surprising that both Dreyer and Palisa missed the equivalence.

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IC 4647 = ESO 024-005 = KTS 55C = PGC 60280

17 26 03.7 -80 11 42; Aps

Size 1.5'x0.7'; PA = 177°

25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, 24"x15", very small bright nucleus. A mag 15.6 star is at the south end. In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4641 5.6' NW and IC 4640 9.5' NW.

Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4647 = D.S. 443 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.

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IC 4649 = IC 1252 = UGC 10788 = MCG +10-24-120 = CGCG 299-068 = PGC 59962

17 15 50.4 +57 22 01; Dra

V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 142°

See observing notes for IC 1252.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4649 = Big. 429 on 5 Sep 1888. According to Harold Corwin, IC 4649 is a duplicate entry for IC 1252 = Big. 217, and was noted by Bigourdan in his Table II on new nebulae and stemmed from an error in record keeping.

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IC 4651 = ESO 228-2 = Cr 327

17 24 29 -49 56 00; Ara

V = 6.9; Size 12'

11" (8/8/04 - from top of Haleakala Crater): IC 4651 was first noticed in my 10x30 IS binoculars while looking at NGC 6352. It was seen as an obvious knot 1.5° to the south. At 127x, I was surprised to find a beautifully rich open cluster with over 100 stars mag 10-13.5 in at least a 15' field. The stars are fairly uniform in distribution with a weak central concentration, though several form loops and chains surrounding blank regions. The brightest star (mag 8.9 K3-type) is on the east side. This is an intermediate-age cluster between 1-2 billion years old. Located 1° west of mag 2.8 Alpha Arae.

James Dunlop discovered IC 4651= D 402 on 28 Jul 1826 and described it as "a very fine round cluster of very small stars, slightly compressed to the centre, about 8' diameter, not very rich." His mean position (based on 3 observations) was on the south side of the cluster.

John Herschel didn't confirm Dunlop's observation despite his decent position and as a result it didn't receive a NGC designation. Solon Bailey rediscovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" lens at the Arequipa station. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908). Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4662 = ESO 102-014 = PK 328-17.1 = He 2-269 = PGC 60851 = PGC 60849 = PGC 60853

17 47 06.4 -64 38 25; Pav

V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x1.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 105°

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x, this irregular galaxy has a disrupted appearance or perhaps is interacting with a companion. The structure is difficult to separate but the brighter component on the northeast side is moderately bright, small, elongated WNW-ESE. Attached on the south side is a larger, but fainter extension oriented nearly perpendicular to the brighter component. A faint star is at the edge. IC 4662 is located just 10' NE of mag 3.7 Eta Pavonis and the bright star interferes with viewing if left in the field.

According to the article "Star formation in the irregular galaxy IC 4662" (A&A, 1990, 234, 99) the elongated knot on the northeast side contains two giant HII regions comparable to the 30 Doradus complex! IC 4662 is identical to He 2-269 (PK 328-17.1), which Karl Henize included in a 1967 list of planetary nebulae discovered through H-alpha emission on objective prism plates. In a 1970 paper, Pastoriza gave the classification as a nearby dwarf emission line galaxy with a radial velocity of ~400 km/sec (less than 10 million l.y.).

Robert Innes discovered IC 4662 visually in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Cape of Good Hope. He noted "a faint oval nebula 1' in diameter, N.p. Eta Pavonis. Found with the 7-inch." Based on plates taken at Arequipa also in 1901, though not published until 1908, DeLisle Stewart described it as "F, S, irr, 2 st. inv." Stewart referenced Innes' discovery announcement in MN 62, 470.

Based on plates taken before 1930 with the 60-inch reflector (mirror from Andrew Ainslie Common) at Harvard's Boyden Station at Bloemfontein in South Africa, Harlow Shapley and John S. Paraskevopoulos wrote: "A new object of the Magellanic Cloud type is revealed by the photograph of IC 4662 [which] is resolved on the 60-inch plates, but its brightest stars are of about the nineteenth magnitude, with star clusters up to the fifteenth magnitude or brighter."

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IC 4663 = PK 346-8.1 = ESO 279-6 = PN G346.2-08.2

17 45 28.6 -44 54 18; Sco

V = 12.1; Size 14"x12"

13.1" (7/12/86): at 166x a nice disc about 15" diameter is clearly visible. Appears brighter than planetary Hb 4 by half a magnitude, estimate V = 12.5. Easily takes 214x power and a mag 13 star is visible 45" ENE of center. Located 17' N of double star HJ 4973 = 8.3/9.1 at 13.1". Very far south for viewing from Northern California.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4663 = Fleming 97 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).

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IC 4665 = Cr 349

17 46 18 +05 43; Oph

V = 4.2; Size 41'

15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): easy naked-eye cluster just 1.3° NNE of Beta Oph. Beautifully resolved in binoculars into 25-30 stars.

8" (5/80): very bright, very large, overfills 100x field (40'), scattered, includes STF 2212 = 8.5/9.0 at 3". Naked-eye cluster with averted vision (1.3° NNE of mag 2.8 Beta Oph) and bright and resolved in 10x50 binoculars.

Philippe Loys de Chéseaux discovered IC 4665 in 1745-46 from Switzerland. Although his list of nebulae was presented to the Académie des Sciences in 1746 it was not generally known until Bigourdan published it in 1892. John Bode independently discovered the cluster around 1782.

Wolfgang Steinicke's research found that William Herschel independently discovered the cluster on 15 Jul 1781 during his second star review with his 6.2" reflector. He noted a "a fine cluster of small stars" near Beta Ophiuchi. Caroline Herschel also found it on 31 Jul 1783 with her 4.2" comet-sweeper. She wrote, "a cluster of stars. I counted about 50 in the field; rather more or less. (My Brother's)." The same evening William confimred it in his 6.2" as a "Cluster of Stars. 1 1/3 degree from Beta Serpentarii towards S. It consists of about 14 to 16 large ones with several very small ones between. 7-ft, compound [eye]piece. Lina found them [not remembering his earlier observation]."

Solon Bailey also discovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in the 1908 "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Although it was previous observed multiple times visually, Bailey was miscredited with the discovery in the IC. Of course, the cluster is easily seen as a fuzzy patch naked-eye, so it was likely noticed much earlier than de Chéseaux's telescopic discovery..

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IC 4669 = UGC 10992 = CGCG 300-069 = PGC 60856

17 47 12.9 +61 26 03; Dra

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 94°

18" (6/21/03): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.3'. Low, even surface brightness. Located 4' WSW of mag 9.7 SAO 17637.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4669 = Big. 328 on 24 Sep 1895. His Comptes Rendus position (used in the IC2) is 1' north of UGC 10992, so the identification is certain. But UGC doesn't label its 10992 as IC 4669.

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IC 4670 = Hb 6 = PK 7+1.1 = PN G007.2+01.8

17 55 07.0 -21 44 41; Sgr

V = 13.3; Size 7"

24" (7/23/20): at 220x, 375x and 550x; bright, very small, round, 5"-7" diameter. Excellent response to a UHC filter. Appears brighter along the rim on the N to W quadrant. A mag 10.7 star is 2' NE. The PN is brighter than the mag 13.6 star is 40" E but fainter than the mag 12 star is 3' E, so perhaps mag 12.5-13. The double star ARA 1504 (10.6/11.9 at 9") is 5' SSE

17.5" (3/20/93): at 220x appears moderately bright (estimate V = 12-12.5) and a very small disc is clearly visible. Good response to an OIII filter. Appears brighter than a mag 13 star 40" E and just fainter than a mag 11.9 star 2.9' E. A double star mag 9.6/11.2 at 7" in PA 163° is 5' SSE.

13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x, faint, stellar, verified with OIII blinking. A mag 11 comparison star is 2.0' NW. At 166x a very small disc is visible which is brighter at the center. The disc was quite clear at 214x, estimate V = 12.5-13.0.

Joseph Lunt discovered IC 4670 visually in 1901 with the Cape Observatory 24-inch Grubb refractor (the "Victoria spectroscopic telescope" erected in 1898) fitted with an object-glass prism. He described it as stellar, mag 12-13 and situated "immediately S.f. C.P.D. -21[deg] 6502". He noted "The nebula is 2.5 seconds preceding a slightly brighter star of the same declination." It was also photographed on 2 plates in 1901. Although his position is 3.5' too far south, the identification is certain.

Hubble reported IC 4670 as a new planetary after it was found on plates taken in 1920 with a 10-inch Cooke Astrographic Lens with objective prisms attached. The equivalence with IC 4670 was not noticed by the ESO catalogue (1982). Kent Wallace reported IC 4670 was identical to Hb 6 in 1990.

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IC 4673 = M 1-36 = PK 3-2.3 = ESO 521-15 = PN G003.5-02.4

18 03 18.4 -27 06 23; Sgr

V = 13.0; Size 16"

24" (7/11/18): at 200x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish disc in a rich star field. Very good contrast gain using a NPB filter. Excellent view at 375x; irregularly round, slightly elongated ~NW-SE, slightly clumpy rim. Situated 30" of a mag 12 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small "Keystone" asterism. A 7" pair of stars is 2' WSW with a third wider star to the north. No central star visible.

18" (8/14/07): picked up at 174x as a very small, round disc. Excellent response to a UHC filter and appeared to increase in size. Best view was at 300x, which showed a well-defined 15" disc. Located close 30" SW of a mag 12 star and 2' ENE of a mag 10 star. The mag 12 star forms the western vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 11-12 stars with sides 1'-2'. At 73x this planetary shares the same field, 45' N of NGC 6520 and ultra dark B86.

18" (7/16/07): at 225x and UHC filter appears as a moderately bright mag 13 disc of just 15" diameter with a sharp, crisply defined halo. A mag 12 star lies 33" NE. At 323x the western side was perhaps slightly brighter. Located 45' N of Barnard 86/NGC 6520. A very faint planetary, M 2-26, lies 8' NNW.

17.5" (7/5/86): at 220x appears fairly bright and a small round disc is clearly visible about 20" diameter. Prominent with a Daystar 300 filter and a slight oval shape is discernable at 286x and a UHC filter. Estimate V = 12.5.

E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4673 on 19 Aug 1895 while making measures of the diameter of Ceres with the 36-inch Lick refractor. He described it as "round, slightly ill defined, of uniform brightness and no central star. The measured diameter of this object was 13.6". I should class it as being of the 13th magnitude."

Minkowski entered it as the 36th object in his first discovery list (M 1-68) of "New Emission Nebulae" (1946), based on objective prism plates taken with the 10-inch Bruce Astrograph at Mount Wilson, and missed the equivalence with IC 4673.

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IC 4677 = part of NGC 6543 = MCG +11-22-017 = VV 121 = PGC 61193

17 58 16.0 +66 37 59; Dra

48" (4/1/11): IC 4677 appeared as a prominent triangular or wedge-shaped knot with the vertex pointing east, situated 1.8' due west of center near the edge of the outer halo of NGC 6543 (Cat's Eye Nebula). This shock-excited condensation or "flier (flocculi) appeared much larger than previously seen, ~50"x30", and brighter along a well-defined, straight southern edge. The north side is brightest near the east end at the vertex. A 15th magnitude star lies 45" NE and a mag 9.8 star is 1.2' NW. A second fainter (uncatalogued) knot in the outer halo is located 2.6' ESE of center, just 30" N of a mag 14.5 star. This knot was only 15"-20" in size and had a low surface brightness.

18" (6/20/04): easily visible at 160x using a UHC filter as a slightly elongated, low surface brightness glow 1.7' W of center of NGC 6543 and 1.5' SE of a mag 11 star which lies 2.7' WNW of NGC 6543. This shock-excited knot in the outer halo was elongated 3:2 SW-NE, roughly 20"x13". At 225x it was barely visible unfiltered, but could be held continuously at this power adding a UHC filter.

17.5" (6/3/00): at 140x with a UHC filter, this ionized knot in the outer halo of the Cat's Eye was faint but clearly visible as a low surface brightness arc, located just south of the midpoint of the line connecting the geometric center of the PN with a mag 11 star 2.7' NW.

17.5" (11/1/97): this unusual object is a irregular knot in the outer halo of NGC 6543 1.7' W of center and appearing visually completely detached from the bright planetary. Suspected at 220x without filtration close to a mag 15 star located 1' NW of the planetary. Using a UHC filter, IC 4677 is clearly visible with averted vision as a very faint elongated patch, ~25"x15" oriented SW-NE. Requires averted for a good view but can almost hold continuously. Also visible at 140x with OIII filter and 280x with the UHC, but 220x provided the best view.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4677 visually on 24 Apr 1900 with the 40-inch Yerkes refractor. He carefully measured the relative position from NGC 6543 as 16.5 seconds of RA preceding and just 5" north in declination (from his handwritten notes in notebook #24). Barnard made additional observations in March 1908.

Harold Corwin comments that Vorontsov-Velyaminov" included it in his first list [1959] of interacting galaxies (where it is No. 121) and in the MCG (it is MCG +11-22-017). This is a bit surprising as VV was an early authority on planetary nebulae; his book from the 1930's is now something of a classic on the topic. Still, the object does look something like a distorted late barred spiral on the PSS prints." IC 4677 is now known to be a shock-excited knot in the halo of NGC 6543.

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IC 4678 = ESO 521-26 = Ced 152b

18 06 36 -23 57; Sgr

17.5" (7/20/96): at 82x, very subtle glow around a pair of mag 8.5/10 stars. Somewhat difficult at low power to identify with certainty due to location in a rich Milky Way field and the nearby nebulous glow from M8. Better at 140x-220x, where a fairly obvious 3' glow is visible. No noticeable improvement with filters.

17.5" (6/8/96): at 220x a low surface brightness halo of 3' diameter is visible around a pair of mag 8/9 stars at 50" separation. Very weak if any enhancement with OIII filter (reflection nebula?). On photos the nebula is centered on the fainter SW mag 9 star.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4678 photographically using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson in July 1905. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentioned "There is a small, elongated nebula in the position 1860.0 17h 59m 25s± -23d 53m±". Although there is nothing at that location, Harold Corwin suggests this refers to a small nebula northeast of M8, located about 1.5 min of RA west of Barnard's position, and centered at 18 06 32.3 -23 57 31. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 4679 = ESO 182-005 = PGC 61522

18 11 24.5 -56 15 16; Tel

V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 99°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~1.5'x0.5', broad, fairly weak concentration with a brighter core. Sits between two groups of bright stars. Two mag 10 stars lie 6' NW and mag 8.7 HD 165799 is 8.5' NNW, along with a third mag 10 star. Also 10-11' SE is a 2' pair of mag 7 stars, including HD 165987 and HD 166026. The DSS shows several extremely faint stars are superimposed due the rich star region.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4679 = DS 452 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.

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IC 4682 = ESO 071-005 = LGG 420-001 = PGC 61669

18 16 25.7 -71 34 53; Pav

V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 144°

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly well concentrated with a brighter core. Several mag 13-14 stars surround the galaxy with a couple of faint stars at both the NW and NE edge of the halo. This is fairly bright galaxy to be missed by John Herschel and 54' E is a bright pair of galaxies, IC 4704 and IC 4705, which were also missed by Herschel.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4682 = DS 454 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cS, considerably elongated at 140°, stell N."

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IC 4684 = ESO 521-33 = LBN 34 = Ced 154b

18 09 09 -23 26 06; Sgr

Size 3'x2'

17.5" (7/24/95): very difficult reflection nebula surrounding a mag 9.5 star with a faint very close companion, appears ~2' diameter. Located east of a breathtakingly rich Milky Way stream of stars. Verified only by comparison with similar nearby stars and probably would not have suspected otherwise due to location in rich field with patches of unresolved haze.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4684 photographically in Jul 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "There is a conspicuous, small nebula or nebulous star in the position 1860.0 18h 0m 35s± -23° 26'±." His position is close north of the double star mentioned in my observation.

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IC 4685 = ESO 521-37 = OCL-22 = IC 154c

18 09 17.7 -23 59 18; Sgr

Size 10'x8'

17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x with UHC filter appears as a very large, extensive region of nebulosity just west of NGC 6559 and extended N-S. Mag 7.4 HD 165921 is involved at the west end.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4685 photographically in Jul 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "The star Gou 24695 of 7 and 1/2 magnitude is the center of a larger but very diffused condensation." The IC position corresponds with mag 7.4 HD 165921.

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IC 4686 = ESO 140-009 = AM 1809-574 W = KTS 57A = PGC 61601

18 13 38.6 -57 43 57; Pav

V = 14.2; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small, fairly high surface brightness, roundish, 20" diameter, very small bright core. Forms the southern member of a contact, interacting pair with NGC 4687 [27" bewtween centers] and the middle galaxy in an excellent triplet (KTS 57) with IC 4689 1.0' SSE.

Royal Frost discovered IC 4686 = F. 1152 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14".

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IC 4687 = ESO 140-010 = AM 1809-574 N = KTS 57B = LGG 418-002 = PGC 61602

18 13 39.6 -57 43 31; Pav

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 51°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): IC 4687 is the largest and northernmost of an excellent, close interacting triplet (AM 1809-574 = KTS 57). At 397x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4', well concentrated with a very small bright core. IC 4686 is at the south edge, just 27" between centers and IC 4689 is 1.4' S! Situated in a rich star field 14' NE of an excellent close double HJ 5029 = 8.3/8.6 at 1.8".

On the HST image of the trio, IC 4687 has a disrupted, chaotic appearance of gas and dust with a tidal plume to the north. It appears merged with IC 4686 on its south side.

Royal Frost discovered IC 4687 = F. 1153 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14". The same description was noted for nearby IC 4686 and 4689.

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IC 4688 = UGC 11125 = MCG +02-46-006 = CGCG 084-018 = PGC 61441

18 08 11.9 +11 42 44; Oph

V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 164°

24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, roundish, 1.0' diameter, fairly low surface brightness, no noticeable central brightening. Situated in a rich star field. IC 4691 lies 11' NE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4688 visually on 4 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "A very faint nebula, diffused, not large." "It is pretty close p a 12 mag star. This pointing with low power." The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 4689 = ESO 140-011 = AM 1809-574 S = KTS 57C = PGC 61604

18 13 40.3 -57 44 53; Pav

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 141°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", contains a very small bright elongated core. A mag 13.4 star is 30" NE. IC 4689 is the southernmost of an interacting compact triplet (KTS 57) with IC 4687 and 4686 just 1' N.

Royal Frost discovered IC 4689 = F. 1154 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14".

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IC 4691 = CGCG 084-019 = PGC 61456

18 08 45.6 +11 49 48; Oph

Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 150°

24" (7/15/15): faint, small, round, 15" diameter. A mag 15 star is attached on the northeast side. IC 4688 lies 11' SW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4691 visually on 12 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "Found another nebula [besides IC 2193], vS, F. Another faint nebula suspected 15' +/- p this." Two nights later he added "with high power it appears to have one or two faint stars involved. It is irregular in form and brightness. The nebula suspected 15' +/- p[receding] it not verified but still suspected." The second nebula probably refers to IC 4688. The discovery was apparently communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 4697 = MCG +04-43-013 = CGCG 142-023 = PGC 61560

18 12 26.9 +25 25 38; Her

Size 0.85'x0.2'

17.5" (7/1/89 and 8/3/89): faint, very small, slightly elongated ~N-S, very small bright core. Forms an interacting pair with UGC 11155 = (R)NGC 6581 1.3' ENE. UGC 11156 is also in the field 7' NNE. A fairly bright wide double star (mag 9/10 at 43") is 5' NNW.

UGC 11155 appeared extremely faint, fairly small, round, very low surface brightness. Larger but fainter than IC 4697.

UGC 11156 appeared faint, small, irregularly round, small bright core, stellar nucleus.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4697 = J. 3-1402 on 29 Jul 1903.

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IC 4699 = PK 348-13.1 = ESO 280-8 = PN G348.0-13.8

18 18 32.0 -45 59 02; Tel

V = 12.7; Size 5"

13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x and 166x appears very faint and stellar. Verified with both OIII and UHC filters. Estimate V = 13.0 but may be brighter due to the very low elevation of object from Northern California. Uncertain if a very small disc was visible at 166x or bloated due to seeing this close to the horizon. Located 3.5' NW of mag 8.8 HD 167758 and nearly at the midpoint between mag 4.5 Epsilon and mag 3.5 Alpha Telescopii (the two stars are 2.7° apart).

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4699 = Fleming 98 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).

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IC 4700 = NGC 6595 = NGC 6590 = ESO 590-15 = Lund 819 = LBN 43 = Cr 371 = vdB 119 = Ced 157b

18 17 05 -19 52 00; Sgr

Size 4'x3'

See observing notes for NGC 6590.

IC 4700 was mentioned by E.E. Barnard in AN 5239 (1908) in a review of photographic nebulae titled "Some notes on nebulae and nebulosities." He noted that the BD -19°4946, the central star of NGC 6590 = NGC 6595, was "densely nebulous" and "somewhat extended nf and sp", though the latter statement was misassigned to BD -19°4881. See NGC 6590 for more on this number.

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IC 4703 = Ced 159 = RCW 165 = Sh 2-49 = Gum 83 = LBN 67 = Eagle Nebula = Star Queen Nebula

18 18 48 -13 48; Ser

Size 35'x28'

13.1" (8/17/85): a thin dark "finger" extends towards the cluster, positioned just south and beyond the two bright mag 9 stars near the center. This is an extension of the wider projection seen previously several times and which is better defined along the south edge.

13.1" (8/16/82): the "Eagle Nebula" is a fairly bright 30' nebulosity in a striking outstretched eagle shape with a bright scattered cluster superimposed. There is a considerable contrast gain to the nebulosity using a UHC or OIII filter. With a Daystar 300 filter, a dark projection (called the "Star Queen") enters on the southeast edge of the nebula and extends inward to the west. The cluster members surrounding the "head" of the eagle include ten mag 8-10 stars and a bright pair of mag 8.5 stars (8.2/8.8 at 27"). A dark triangular wedge is visible off the north side.

13.1" (5/26/84): the dark protrusion was fairly easy at 88x using a filter.

Isaac Roberts probably first imaged IC 4703, the nebulosity involved in M16, with his 20" reflector in 1894, though did not publish a description. He later described M16 in Volume II of his photographs of star clusters and nebulae (taken on 4 Aug. 1897 and published in 1899) as "a large bright nebula with a cluster apparently involved in it." Although De Chéseaux discovered M16 between 1745-46, he only mentioned a star cluster and even William Herschel just described the stars using his 12-inch reflector: "Large stars with small ones among them; within a small compass I counted more than 50, and there must be at least 100 without taking a number of straggling ones, everywhere dispersed in the neighborhood."

Although Roberts is credited with the discovery in the IC, Wolfgang Steinicke notes in his book on the history of the NGC that Etienne Leopold Trouvelot made a visual discovery in 1876 with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch Clark refractor. Trouvelot mentioned "..described by Sir J. Herschel as a loose cluster of at least 100 stars, I have found to be involved in an extensive, although not very bright, nebula, which seems to have escaped his scrutiny. In a study and drawing of this nebula made in 1876, its general form is that of an open fan, with the exception that handle is wanting, with deeply indented branches on the preceding side, where the brightest stars of the cluster are grouped. From this peculiar form, this object might be appropriately be called the Fan Nebula."

Independently, Robert Innes, observing in 1914 at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, reported "with the 9-inch refractor the nebula is just visible and it fills the perimeter of the cluster with faint extensions beyond."

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IC 4704 = ESO 071-011 = PGC 61906 = LGG 420-002

18 27 53.6 -71 36 36; Pav

V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 165°

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with an intense 20" core surrounded by a much lower surface brightness halo ~1.2' in diameter, that fades out at the periphery. In a group with IC 4705 5.1' SSE and IC 4712 16' ESE. Located 10' SW of mag 8.4 HD 169127.

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x, appeared fairly bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with a very bright 25" core and a much fainter 1' halo. Forms the north vertex of a near isosceles triangle with mag 7.7 HD 168873 11' SE and the double star h5038 = 8.4/9.5 at 12" located 12' SW. IC 4705 lies 5' SSE and IC 4712 is outside the field at 16' ESE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4704 = D.S. 462 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cB, bM."

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IC 4705 = ESO 071-012 = PGC 61914 = LGG 420-005

18 28 10.3 -71 41 38; Pav

V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 48°

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, fairly large, fairly diffuse glow with only a weak concentration, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. A 20" pair of mag 14 stars is at the south edge of the halo and two extremely faint stars are superimposed on the north side. Located 5.1' SSE of IC 4704, nearly at the midpoint of a line connecting IC 4704 and a mag 8 star (HD 168873), located 6' SSE of IC 4705. IC 4712 lies 14' E.

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated 1.0'x0.8', fairly low surface brightness with a weak central concentration. Located 6' NNW of mag 8 HD 168873 and 5' SSE of IC 4704.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4705 = D.S. 463 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, R."

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IC 4706 = Ced 160a = Simeis 3-137 = Gum 81b

18 19 35.7 -16 00 36; Sgr

Size 5'

18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD 168276 and HD 168302) at 1.2' separation seemed to be encased in a very faint, roundish nebulosity at 115x. The western star corresponds with IC 4706. Only a weak contrast gain was noticed using an OIII filter, so this must be a low excitation region. At the southeast edge of the field a portion of M17 is visible - IC 4706/4707 is probably an outlying patch of the Swan Nebula.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4706 and 4707 photographically in Jul/Aug 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M17 = Swan Nebula (see AN 4239), he wrote, "Preceding the brightest portion of the nebula, by about 15', are two small stars involved in a small nebulosity. These stars are BD -16°4812 [IC 4706] and -16°4813 [IC 4707] of the 9.2 and 9.4 magnitudes." Harold Corwin notes that Barnard misidentified the BD stars, which should read BD -16°4811 [IC 4706] and -16°4812 [IC 4707]. As a result the IC positions are in error (particularly for IC 4707).

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IC 4707 = Ced 160b = Simeis 3-140 = Gum 81b

18 19 39.4 -16 01 20; Sgr

Size 5'

18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD 168276 and HD 168302) at 1.2' separation seemed to be encased in a very faint, roundish nebulosity at 115x. The eastern star corresponds with IC 4707. Only a weak contrast gain was noticed using an OIII filter, so this must be a low excitation region. At the southeast edge of the field a portion of M17 is visible - IC 4706/4707 is probably an outlying patch of the Swan Nebula.

See identification notes for IC 4707.

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IC 4708 = CGCG 301-024 = PGC 61605

18 13 46.2 +61 09 26; Dra

Size 0.5'x0.4'

24" (7/19/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~18"x15". A mag 13 star lies 36" W. Located on the SE side of a group of 8 NGC galaxies (all B mag 15.2 or fainter) discovered by Swift.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4708 = Ho III-21 on 11 Sep 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eF, eS, v diff.' near [NGC] 6617." His micrometric position is very accurate.

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IC 4710 = ESO 103-022 = PGC 61922

18 28 38.0 -66 58 56; Pav

V = 11.9; Size 3.6'x2.8'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 5°

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, large, elongated 3:2 ~NW-SE, ~2.5'x1.5', weak concentration with no distinct core. A faint star (or knot) is superimposed near the center. Located 10.8' WSW of mag 6.6 HD 169569.

IC 4710 is a knotty dwarf irregular galaxy that is dominated by a bar, much like the Large Magellanic Cloud, with a number of H II regions strung out along the bar and scattered in the outer parts. Member of the relatively nearby NGC 6744 group at a distance of ~25 million light years.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4710 = D.S. 465 on a plate taken on 18 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 4712 = ESO 071-014 = LGG 420-003 = PGC 61981

18 31 06.9 -71 41 37; Pav

V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 60°

24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly weak concentration. Unusual appearance as a brighter mag 12 is superimposed at the WSW edge. Located 13' WNW of mag 7.0 HD 169979. Third of three in a group with IC 4704 16' WNW and IC 4705 14' W. This trio was surprisingly missed by John Herschel.

24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly bright, moderately large elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 1.6'x0.8'. Unusual appearance with a mag 11.5 star right at the WSW tip. In a group with IC 4704, IC 4705 and IC 4712.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4712 = D.S. 466 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4715 = M24 = Ced 162 = Mel 197 = Small Sagittarius Star Cloud

18 16 54 -18 31; Sgr

Size 120'x60''

8" (7/3/80): IC 4715 refers to the remarkable Small Sagittarius Star Cloud (prominent naked eye object). Best view at very low power as it extends beyond the edges of the field. The rich open cluster NGC 6603 is embedded in the NE side.

Charles Messier "discovered" M24 = "Small Sagittarius Star Cloud" = IC 4715 telescopically on 20 Jun 1764, although it is of course a prominent naked-eye object. E.E. Barnard photographed the region in 1905 and described in AN 4239 ("Some notes on nebulae and nebulosities"), "The magnificent star cloud...is remarkable for the definiteness and angularity of its south and following outlines. The east side is about 42' long and is very straight. The south side is somewhat irregular and much longer. The run south preceding for about 90' and then joins the great bed of nebulous matter just described. The northern edge of this star cloud is diffused. In the cloud towards its northern edge, are two remarkable black holes..." His position, though, was 10 min of RA too large, so Dreyer didn't recognize that Barnard's object was M24. Brent Archinal caught the error and made the equivalence (see Corwin's identification notes).

William Herschel apparently first observed M24 on 2 Aug 1783 with his 12-inch ("small 20-ft") and noted "considerable stars in great number." John Herschel lists his cluster h2004 = NGC 6603 as M24, so he didn't realize the Messier entry applied to the entire star cloud, not the small embedded cluster. This mistake was repeated in the General Catalog (GC) as well as the NGC, though Dreyer added the note: "h2004 = M24. h's two observations hardly consist with this description [!, Cl, vRi, vmC, R, st 15 (M Way)], and their deviation of nearly +3m from Messier's place makes it very doubtful whether he really saw this object." In the 1960s (and his 1975 book "Search for the Nebulae"), Kenneth Glyn Jones equated M24 with the star cloud and NGC 6603 with the embedded cluster.

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IC 4717 = ESO 140-024 = PGC 62024

18 33 17.2 -57 58 33; Pav

V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 94°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): moderately bright, very elongated ~5:1 E-W, 1.3'x0.3', somewhat concentrated to a very small, slightly brighter nucleus. Located in a fairly rich star field with a number of brighter mag 10 stars including mag 9.3 SAO 245539 situated 6' SW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4717 = D.S. 470 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, extremely elongated at 95°, stell N."

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IC 4720 = ESO 140-025 = PGC 62030

18 33 32.7 -58 24 25; Pav

V = 12.8; Size 2.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 163°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.5', slightly brighter core. A star is superimposed NNW of the core. Located 8.5' NW of brighter and larger IC 4721, though both spirals have roughly similar position angles and axial ratios. Located in a fairly rich star field.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4720 = D.S. 472 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, S, extremely elongated at 165°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 4721 = ESO 140-027 = PGC 62066

18 34 24.1 -58 29 45; Pav

V = 11.6; Size 5.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 146°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, large, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 4.0'x1.3', broad concentration with a large, mottled core, irregular surface brightness with a hint of spiral structure. A faint star is embedded on the southeast side and a mag 15 star is just south of the southeast end. IC 4721 forms a very close pair with IC 4721A, 2.2' SSE of center. It appeared faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. The mag 15 star mentioned above is 20" NE. IC 4720, another highly inclined spiral, lies 8.5' NW. IC 4721 is located 15' NE of mag 6.4 HD 170525 in a fairly rich star field with many mag 11-14 stars.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4721 = D.S. 474 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, cL, E at 150°, form of Andromeda neb."

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IC 4723 = ESO 103-027 = Sp 5 = PGC 62099

18 35 56.2 -63 22 36; Pav

V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak concentration. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is located 23' ESE of NGC 6630. These two galaxies have similar appearances in terms of magnitude and size. IC 4730 lies 20' E.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4723 = D.S. 476 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R."

Harlow Shapley misclassified NGC 6630 and IC 4723 as a pair of planetaries in his 1936 article "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin No. 902). The same list includes Shapley 1, Shapley 3 and IC 4642.

Evans & Thackeray (1950) first imaged IC 4723 (Plate II, No. 19) with the 74-inch Radcliffe telescope in Pretoria, South Africa and questioned the PN classification. "We find (Plate II, Fig. 20) a curious round object of diameter about 19" with three distinct nuclei running along a north-south line across it. The designation as a planetary again [as well as NGC 6630] seems doubtful." As a result of Shapley's error, IC 4723 is listed as a PN in Burnham's "Celestial Handbook", MOL (Master Optical List), Becvar's "Atlas Coeli - II Katalog 1950", and the NGC 2000.0 catalogue (Sinnott). Also, the first edition of Sky Atlas 2000.0 and Becvar's "Atlas of the Heavens" plot it as a PN. It was omitted, though, in Perek and Kohoutek's 1967 Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula.

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IC 4725 = M25 = Cr 382

18 31 36 -19 15; Sgr

V = 4.6; Size 32'

17.5" (8/27/92): about 100 stars in 30' field although fills 45' field at 82x. The densest portion in the center is a group of 7 fairly bright stars situated between two bright stars mag 6.5 (U Sgr) and 8.0 oriented E-W. U Sagittarii (6.3-7.0) is located at the east end and is the brightest star in the cluster. Just south of this group is a long dark lane void of stars oriented E-W that appears darker than the background. Bordering the south edge of this dark lane is an elongated group of 10 stars including Bu 966, a nice evenly matched double star at 11" separation. To the west of this string are two mag 9 and 10 stars oriented SW-NE. The cluster includes several colored stars and is visible naked-eye just south of a mag 5 star.

Naked-eye (8/31/11): very easy to see as a naked-eye "patch" (total V = 4.6) in a dark sky.

Philippe Loys de Chéseaux discovered M25 = IC 4725 by 1745-46 from Switzerland. Although his list of nebulae was read to the French Academie Royale des Sciences, it was little known until published by Bigourdan in 1884. It was independently discovered by Messier in 1764, observed by William and Caroline Herschel in July 1783 ("Very large stars and some small ones; I counted 70, and there are many more within no considerable extent"), Admiral Smyth in 1836 and Reverend Thomas Webb in 1859. Despite all the early observations, John Herschel didn't include an entry in his catalogues (Slough, CGH or GC) and perhaps as a result, Dreyer left it out of the NGC.

Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908). Dreyer equated IC 4725 with M25, though only credited Bailey with the position.

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IC 4726 = ESO 103-032 = AM 1832-625 = LGG 422-023 = PGC 62133

18 36 58.8 -62 51 16; Pav

V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 19°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 14 star is attached at the NNW tip. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is situated in a very starry field 3.5' NE of a mag 9.6 star. ESO 103-031 lies 3.0' W.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4726 = D.S. 478 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, R, cF * 0.5' nf." His position and description matches ESO 103-032

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IC 4727 = ESO 103-033 = LGG 422-003 = PGC 62165

18 37 56.1 -62 42 02; Pav

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, bright nucleus, high surface brightness. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is situated 16' NNW of brighter IC 4731 within a triangle of stars formed by a mag 10.3 star 3.3' SSW, a mag 11.2 star 5.2 WNW and a mag 11.5 star 5.2' ENE. Other nearby cluster members are IC 4728 10' N, IC 4726 11' NNW and IC 4737 15' NE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4727 = D.S. 479 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, eS, R."

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IC 4728 = ESO 103-034 = LGG 422-004 = PGC 62166

18 37 57.0 -62 31 51; Pav

V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 172°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 1.5'x0.5', bright core. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is in rich star field with a mag 13.8 star 1.2' SSE and a mag 13.6 star 1.6' NNW. A fairly wide pair of mag 10.9/11.6 stars (~22" separation), with a third 11.9 star nearby, lies 3.5' NNE. IC 4727 is 10' S.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4728 = D.S. 480 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, considerably elongated 170°, * N, bM."

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IC 4730 = ESO 103-038 = PGC 62192

18 38 50.2 -63 21 00; Pav

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 152°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~25"x15", relatively large brighter core and very low surface brightness extensions. A mag 14.5 star is at the west edge, just 10" from center and a mag 12 star is 1' N. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is situated 2' N of mag 9.1 HD 171359. IC 4723 lies 20' W.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4730 = D.S. 482 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated 10°, bet 2 F st."

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IC 4731 = ESO 103-037 = PGC 62187

18 38 43.0 -62 56 35; Pav

V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 82°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~45"x30", high surface brightness, relatively large bright core. IC 4731 is an outlying member of ACO S805 = DC 1842-63 with several nearby members; IC 4735 is 7.7' E, IC 4726 is 13' WNW, ESO 103-031 is 16' WNW and IC 4727 is 16' NNW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4731 = D.S. 481 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 88°, stell N."

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IC 4732 = PK 10-6.1 = ESO 523-1 = PN G010.7-06.4

18 33 54.6 -22 38 41; Sgr

V = 12.1; Size 3"

8" (9/23/22): this 12th magnitude PN situated nearly on a line with a mag 8.6 star (HD 171013) 8' WNW and a 10th mag star (HD 171096) 2.5' WNW. Blinking with a NPB filter at 109x, the planetary appears as bright as the attenuated nearby 10th mag star, picked up two mags in contrast.

14.5" (7/7/21): immediately recognized as a small planetary at 140x due to its soft blue appearance. Very good contrast gain (at least 2 magnitudes) by blinking with a UHC filter. A mag 10.1 star (HD 1710976) is 2.5' WNW and a mag 12.5-13 star is a similar distance WSW. At 264x, appears extremely small but non-stellar. Increasing to 352x, the central star was occasionally seen in a tiny 3" halo.

13.1" (8/8/86): at 79x appears stellar and verified with OIII blinking, estimate V = 13.0. A brighter mag 10.5 comparison star is located 2.5' W. Appears stellar at 214x. Planetary Pe 1-13 is located 13' ESE.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4732 = Fleming 99 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 4732 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to be minute disk by Mr. Moore and Aitken with the 36-inch refractor."

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IC 4735 = ESO 103-041 = PGC 62213

18 39 49.9 -62 57 22; Pav

Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 38°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~0.4'x0.3', very small brighter nucleus. Located 7.7' E of IC 4731 in the outskirts of galaxy cluster ACO S805 (55' NW the core of the cluster).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4735 = D.S. 486 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, bM."

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IC 4737 = ESO 103-042 = PGC 62222

18 39 58.4 -62 35 53; Pav

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", even surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is 1' W. Located 1.7' NW of mag 9.0 HD 171618, which impacts the view, in the outskirts of ACO S805 =DC 1842-63 = Pavo II cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4737 = D.S. 487 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 10°, bet 2 F st."

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IC 4738 = ESO 140-035 = AM 1835-615 = PGC 62234

18 40 26.9 -61 54 09; Pav

V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter. A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the SE end. Three bright stars are near south; a mag 10.1 star 2.0' WSW, a mag 10.6 star 2.9' SSW and a mag 11 star1.5' SSE. IC 4738 forms a pair with IC 4739 2.9' E. Located 40' NW of NGC 6673 in the northwestern outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4738 = D.S. 488, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, eF * sf 0.5'."

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IC 4739 = ESO 140-036 = AM 1836-615 = PGC 62246

18 40 51.0 -61 54 06; Pav

V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 4738 2.9' W. A triangle of mag 10-11 stars is just south of IC 4738. Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4739 = D.S. 489, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, eF * inv."

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IC 4741 = ESO 103-047 = AM 1836-635 = LGG 422-009 = PGC 62269

18 41 43.4 -63 56 53; Pav

V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 35°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly small, somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35", slightly brighter nucleus. Resides in a rich star field within a triangle formed by a mag 11 star 1.4' NNE, a mag 10.8 star 2.4' SE and a mag 11.5 star 2' WNW. Middle in a trio with IC 4742 5.2' N and ESO 103-046 4.5' SSW. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster lies 52' SW of IC 4765, the cD galaxy at the core of the cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4741 = D.S. 490 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, lE at 20°, stell N, 4 F st inv."

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IC 4742 = ESO 103-048 = AM 1837-635 = LGG 422-010 = PGC 62270

18 41 52.6 -63 51 43; Pav

V = 12.1; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 20°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.75', small bright core. A mag 9.8 star is at the north edge [37" from center]. IC 4741 lies 5' S. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is 48' SW of IC 4765, at the core of the cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4742 = D.S. 492 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, R, bM, F * inv."

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IC 4744 = ESO 103-50 = AM 1837-631 = PRC D-29 = PGC 62271 = PGC 62272

18 41 54.9 -63 13 26; Pav

Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 75°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, very small, round, ~18" diameter. A star is attached at the east edge of the galaxy. Located 2.2' SE of a mag 10.5 star and 6.3' W of IC 4749. Based on a single redshift measure, it lies in the background of cluster ACO S805 = Pavo II

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4744 = D.S. 493 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, R, eF * inv."

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IC 4748 = ESO 103-053 = LGG 422-011 = PGC 62299

18 42 46.0 -64 04 22; Pav

V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 12.6 star is 0.7' SE. Located in the outskirts of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster with IC 4741 10' NW and ESO 103-056 5.6' ESE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4748 = D.S. 496 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, F * sf 1'."

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IC 4749 = ESO 103-054 = LGG 422-005 = PGC 62300

18 42 49.5 -63 12 30; Pav

V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 57°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, high surface brightness, very small bright nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the east edge of the galaxy. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is within a small distinctive N-S string of stars: a mag 12.5 star 4.3' N, a mag 10.6 star 2.3' N, a mag 13.5 star 1.5' N, and a mag 12 star 45" S. Cluster member IC 4744 lies 6.3' W and IC 4750 is 14' N.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4749 = D.S. 497 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, 3 F st nr."

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IC 4750 = ESO 103-055 = PGC 43426

18 43 02.7 -62 58 17; Pav

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 111°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25"x18", low surface brightness. Situated in a fairly rich star field with a mag 12.2 star is 1.5' NW, a mag 10.6 star 5' W and a mag 9.8 star 8' WNW. Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805, in a group of galaxies to the northwest of the core of the cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4750 = D.S. 498 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, R, * 11 np 1.5'." The IC has a misprint 0.5' north-preceding.

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IC 4751 = ESO 140-040 = AM 1838-620 NED1 = LGG 422-017 = PGC 62317

18 43 19.3 -62 06 44; Pav

V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 3°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20". Located near the midpoint of mag 9.9 HD 172184 3.8' SW and a mag 10.5 star 3.8' NE. Forms a close pair with IC 4753 1.6' E. In the northern outskirts of ACO S805, 1.3° from IC 4765 (part of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4751 = D.S. 501 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4752 = ESO 103-057 = PGC 62323

18 43 46.7 -64 04 56; Pav

Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 129°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 13.3 star is 0.9' SE. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is located 6.7' ESE of IC 4748. Slightly brighter ESO 103-056 is 2' SE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4752 = D.S. 502 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, vF * sf 1'."

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IC 4753 = ESO 140-041 = AM 1838-620 NED2 = LGG 423-001 = PGC 62319

18 43 32.6 -62 06 29; Pav

V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 6°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x16". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 4751 1.6' W. Situated 3' S of a mag 10.5 star and 5' NE of mag 9.9 HD 172184 in the norther outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4753 = D.S. 503 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4754 = ESO 140-042 = LGG 422-018 = PGC 62321 = PGC 62331

18 44 00.2 -61 59 24; Pav

V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concntration. Fainter than expected based than expected though images reveal a face-on barred ring of low surface brightness. Two mag 13.6 and 13.8 stars are very close to the south and southwest edge. A mag 10.7 star is 5' SW and IC 4751 and 4753, a 1.6' pair, lies 8' SSW. This outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805 is located 1° WNW of mag 4.2 Lambda Pavonis and 1.4° NNW of the center of the cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4754 = D.S. 504, along with many other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, S, R, 0.7' diameter., poss. ring neb, stell N."

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IC 4756 = OCL-94 = Lund 851 - Cr 386

18 39 00 +05 27; Ser

Size 52'

15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): large, naked-eye patch within the western branch of the Milky Way. Beautifully resolved in 15x50's.

17.5" (7/26/95): overfills 50' field with 20 Nagler. Contains roughly 70 stars brighter than mag 11 and too many faint stars to count. There are two mag 6.5 stars near the northwest and southeast ends of the cluster (the latter star is not physical member) at the edges of the field (46' separation). There are no rich subgroups or central concentration but many stars are arranged in long chains and curving loops. The most prominent is a long chain oriented NW-SE through the center. Visible as a naked-eye patch at the edge of the Milky Way.

10x50 binoculars (9/9/83):very bright, very large, consists of mag 7 and fainter stars. Includes many chains and knots over a one degree field! Larger but not as conspicuous as nearby NGC 6633 in Ophiuchus.

Naked-eye (8/12/83): easy visible patch from Mt. Hamilton. Resolved in 8x50 finder.

Reverend Thomas Webb discovered IC 4756 around 1859 with his 3.7-inch Tully refractor. In the description of NGC 6633 in Webb's "Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes" (1859) he wrote, "Between it [NGC 6633] and Theta, nearer the former, is a beautiful large cloud of stars, chiefly 8 or 9 mag., a nearer part, apparently, of the Galaxy: visible to the naked-eye, and requiring a large field."

Solon Bailey found IC 4756 again in 1896 on a plate taken with a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No VIII, 1908). Bailey was credited with the discovery of IC 4756 in the IC2. The nickname "Graff's Cluster" is from German astronomer Kasimir Graff, who independently discovered it in 1922.

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IC 4763 = NGC 6679 = UGC 11288 NED1 = MCG +11-22-055 = CGCG 322-046 NED1 = CGCG 323-001 NED1 = VV 672 NED1 = VII Zw 814 = PGC 62029

18 33 30.5 +67 08 14; Dra

Size 0.4'x0.3'

48" (10/22/11): bright, fairly small, round, high surface brightness, 20" diameter. A 14th magnitude star is attached at the southwest edge and a mag 16.5 star is 20" NE. In a close trio with NGC 6677 1.7' SSE and MCG +11-22-056 = PGC 62026 is 0.6' N. The MCG companion (identified as IC 4763 in MCG and as NGC 6679 in PGC and Megastar) appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.3'x0.2'. A 15th magnitude star is 18" NNE.

Zwicky described the pair (VII Zw 814) with MCG +11-22-056 as "post-eruptive blue patchy compacts interconnected by a broad uniform bridge, separation = 30" NNE-SSW."

24" (8/27/14): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is attached at the southwest edge.

MCG +11-22-056 = PGC 62026 lies just 0.6' N. At 375x it appeared extremely faint or very faint, round, just 8"-10" diameter. Once in my averted vision sweet spot, I could nearly hold this galaxy continuously. A mag 15 star (brighter than the galaxy) lies 0.3' NNE.

17.5" (6/11/88): fairly faint, very small, elongated SW-NE. One or two extremely faint stars are possibly involved or close off the edge. Forms a close pair with NGC 6677 1.7' SSE. MCG +11-22-056, a nearly stellar galaxy just 38" N was not seen.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4763 = Big. 333 on 5 Sep 1891 and recorded "this object is perhaps the double indicated by Swift near NGC 6677. It seems accompanied by a little nebulosity and I can not split it." Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree that IC 4763 is most likely a duplicate of NGC 6679. IC 4763 is often misidentified as the compact galaxy PGC 62026, just 36" N of NGC 6679. See NGC 6679 for more.

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IC 4764 = ESO 104-004 = LGG 423-002 = PGC 62396

18 47 07.6 -63 29 04; Pav

V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 128°

30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, thin edge-on 40"x10" NW-SE, contains a brighter core. A mag 15.5 star is attached at the NW tip. Located 9' S of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 510, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, bM."

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IC 4765 = ESO 104-006 = LGG 422-006 = PGC 62407

18 47 17.9 -63 19 53; Pav

V = 11.3; Size 3.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 115°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, ~100"x40", sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.

IC 4765 is the brightest cD galaxy in the rich cluster ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster, which includes IC 4766, IC 4767, IC 4770, IC 4771. A total of 7 galaxies lie within 5' of IC 4765 and 13 galaxies were noted within 10'!

IC 4766: moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27". This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 1.6" ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.

IC 4767: moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core. A star is at the north-northeast tip. Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the cluster.

IC 4769: fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5', gradually increases to the center, but no distinct core or zones. Located 11' NNE of IC 4765 and second largest in the cluster.

IC 4770: very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing. Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the cluster.

IC 4771: fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness. Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 173344 and 9' NE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

ESO 104-002: fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", slightly brighter core. This member of the IC 4765 cluster is located 3.3' SW of IC 4765 in the core of the cluster. A mag 14.8 star lies 35" S.

ESO 104-007: moderately to fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 25"x20". This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 33" NE of a mag 10.3 star and 1.7' S of IC 4765.

ESO 104-008: faint to fairly faint, contains a small, round 18" core and very dim extensions NNW-SSE increasing the size to 0.5'x0.3'. This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 50" SSE of a mag 12 star and 1.4' NNE of IC 4765.

ESO 104-012: fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.5''x0.25', irregular shape, even surface brightness. Located 2.8' SE of IC 4769 and 10' NE of IC 4765.

PGC 62384: very faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Located 3.1' WNW of IC 4765.

PGC 62391: fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.5' diameter. Located 3.1' WNW of IC 4765.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4765 = D.S. 516, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, R, bM."

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IC 4766 = ESO 104-009 = PGC 62421

18 47 35.8 -63 17 42; Pav

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 110°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27". This member of the ACO S805 (IC 4765) cluster is situated 1.6' ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4766 = DS 512 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, bM."

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IC 4767 = ESO 104-010 = LGG 423-005 = PGC 62427

18 47 41.7 -63 24 20; Pav

V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core. A star is at the north-northeast tip. Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the ACO S805 cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4767 = DS 513 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, mE at 25°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 4769 = ESO 104-011 = AM 1843-631 = LGG 422-007 = PGC 62428

18 47 44.1 -63 09 25; Pav

V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 130°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5', gradually increases to the center, but no distinct core or zones. Located 11' NNE of IC 4765 in ACO S805 and second largest in the cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4769 = DS 514 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, mE at 170°, considerably brighter middle."

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IC 4770 = ESO 104-013 = PGC 62439

18 48 10.3 -63 23 00; Pav

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 65°

30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing. Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4770 = DS 515 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, bM."

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IC 4771 = ESO 104-015 = LGG 422-030 = PGC 62445

18 48 23.8 -63 14 52; Pav

V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 179°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness. Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 173344 and 9' NE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4771 = DS 516 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."

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IC 4772 = MCG +07-38-014 = CGCG 228-020 = PGC 62217

18 39 56.5 +40 01 35; Lyr

V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'

17.5" (8/2/86): fairly faint, but extremely small, just nonstellar. A mag 14 star lies 54" SSW of center. Forms a pair with NGC 6685 2.7' S and NGC 6886 lies 7.9' NNE. Located 6' SSE of a mag 8.0 SAO 47678. This galaxy is misidentified as NGC 6685 in the RNGC, UGC and CGCG.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 4772 = Ho. II-12 on 7 Sep 1898 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eS, eF. Near 6685 and 6686. He added the note, "No. 12 precedes 6685 less than 2s, 2'.7 north. Between them lies a star of mag 11.5" His position matches CGCG 228-020 = PGC 62217, situated 2.7' NNW of NGC 6685.

The CGCG and MCG reversed the identifications of NGC 6685 and IC 4772. IC 4772 is also misidentified as NGC 6685 in the RNGC. I included this error in my RNGC Corrections #2, WSQJ, 4/88 and Malcolm Thomson includes it in his list of CGCG Corrections.

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IC 4775 = ESO 183-014 = PGC 62447

18 48 26.3 -57 11 01; Pav

V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 17°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x and 394; fairly faint, moderately large very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.25', weak concentration. A collinear string of 3 mag 14-15 stars extends to the south-southwest. Located between mag 9.3 HD 173268 6' SW and mag 10.0 SAO 245730 8' E. Also another mag 9.6 star lies 9' to the east.

Forms a pair with LEDA 3099254 4.2' SE. The companion appeared faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter, low even surface brightness.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 518 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901. He noted "eF, eS, vE at 15°, susp."

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IC 4776 = ESO 396-2 = PK 2-13.1 = PN G002.0-13.4

18 45 50.7 -33 20 34; Sgr

V = 10.8; Size 8"

8" (9/23/22): appears as a bright, pale blue star of at least 11th magnitude using 95x. Quite a strong blinker! IC 4776 appeared brighter than a mag 9.4 star situated 7.5' NE adding an NPB filter. Boosting the magnification to 200x, it was nonstellar with small but obvious disc over 5" in diameter.

14.5" (7/7/21): using 182x I immediately identified IC 4776 as a small, very bright blue disk. Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter and the halo blossomed in size. A mag 9.4 star (HD 173355) located 7.5' NE is brighter than the PN unfiltered by reversed with the filter. Increasing to 264x and 352x, reveals an obvious small, high surface brightness disc ~8" to 10" diameter. IC 4776 is situated in a fairly rich star field with a mag 13.2 star just 0.9' S.

17.5" (8/2/86): at 105x appears bright and stellar, verified with OIII blinking. Forms a wide 1' pair with a mag 13 star to the south. A mag 11 comparison star for blinking is 6' ESE. Good contrast gain with filter, extremely high surface brightness, estimate V = 11.0. At 286x, a small bluish disc is visible unfiltered. Located 12' ENE of a wide bright double star (7.7/9.5 at 45").

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4776 = Fleming 77 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1896 at the Arequipa station. Two years earlier she had flagged it as a star with a peculiar spectra (Type V).

Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported "No true central star can be made out. It is just distinguishable from a star, with wing in p.a. 24°; the length along this axis is 8". No wing is apparent on the opposite side."

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IC 4784 = ESO 104-020 = AM 1848-631 = LGG 422-013 = PGC 62527

18 52 48.0 -63 15 35; Pav

V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 94°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~45" diameter, very small bright nucleus increases to the center. A mag 12.6 star is 0.9' SE and a mag 13.5 is 1.6' E. Forms a pair with LEDA 93561 2.2' SE. The companion was a difficult low surface brightness glow attached on the southwest side of a mag ~13.5 star, roughly 15" diameter. IC 4784 is located 37' ENE of IC 4765 in the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4784 = D.S. 526 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, S, R, bM." There is nothing at his position but 10' N is this galaxy, which fits the description. The error was first caught by Lauberts in the ESO. Corwin notes that Stewart probably missed the companion due to the superimposed star.

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IC 4785 = ESO 141-009 = PGC 62528

18 52 55.2 -59 15 19; Pav

V = 12.3; Size 3.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately to fairly bright, sharply concentrated with a very bright core or bar oriented WNW-ESE and a much fainter halo oriented NNW-SSE. The surrounding star field is rich in faint stars and a couple of mag 16 stars are very near the halo.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4785 = DS 527 on a plate taken 16 Sept 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, iF, stell N."

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IC 4790 = ESO 104-023 = PGC 62590

18 56 32.2 -64 55 44; Pav

V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 57°

30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30". Broad concentration with a bulging, brighter core. An extremely faint star or knot is at the southwest end. A mag 14.5 star lies 1' ENE and NGC 6684A lies 27' WNW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4790 = DS 532 on a plate taken in Sep 1900 from Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, S, R, bM."

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IC 4791 = CGMW 5-07960 = LEDA 1588608

18 49 01.2 +19 19 52; Her

17.5" (8/2/97): this galaxy is located just 2.0' following mag 5.9 HD 174262 and the view is severely hampered by the bright star! At 220x, it was visible as a very faint and small, round disc, ~15" in diameter. A better view was at 420x with the 4.8 Nagler where the unconcentrated galaxy was well separated from the bright star. When the bright star exited the field the galaxy was quite easy to view due to its relatively high surface brightness.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4791 visually on 4 Jun 1889 with the 36-inch Lick refractor. Burnham later measured micrometric offsets from the nearby bright star (Lalande 35032 = HD 174262) in 1899 with the 40-inch refractor at Yerkes (appendix to his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars, p. 296).

On the POSS1, this appears as a fairly bright compact galaxy (confirmed by Brian Skiff on POSS 2), though it is not listed in any modern catalogue except for LEDA 1588608. The IC description "Neb;* 6 f 2’" should read "* 6 p 2’".

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IC 4794 = ESO 141-013 = PGC 62605

18 57 09.6 -62 05 27; Pav

Size 1.4'x0.5'; PA = 19°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE, ~36"x27", small bright nucleus increases to the center. A mag 13.6 star is 0.9' SW. IC 4798 lies 8.5' ESE. Outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster (1.5° NE of the core of the cluster).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4794 = D.S. 535 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."

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IC 4796 = ESO 183-028 = LGG 425-005 = PGC 62588

18 56 27.8 -54 12 50; Tel

V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 140°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.6', moderately concentrated to a very small bright core. A mag 12 star is north of the NW tip [0.9' NW of center]. Forms a pair with IC 4797 5.5' S. Starhopped over from NGC 6707 located 27' NNW.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4796 = F. 1157 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903, along with IC 4797, at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."

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IC 4797 = ESO 183-029 = LGG 425-003 = PGC 62589

18 56 29.7 -54 18 21; Tel

V = 11.3; Size 3.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 146°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): brighter of a pair with IC 4796 5.5' N. Appears bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.8', sharply concentrated with a very bright, high surface brightness core. A mag 13 star is to the north of the NW end, 1.4' NNW of center, and a fainter star is just 35" N of center. A mag 10 star lies 9' WNW, forming the western vertex of an isosceles triangle with IC 4796 and IC 4797.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4797 = F. 1158, along with IC 4796, on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."

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IC 4798 = ESO 141-015 = LGG 422-014 = PGC 62630

18 58 20.9 -62 07 06; Pav

V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 108°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, ~60"x45", small bright core increases to the center. A mag 14.5-15 star is just off the west end [34" from center]. IC 4794 lies 8.5' WNW and IC 4803 is 17' ENE. Outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster (1.8° NE of the core of the cluster).

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4798 = DS 537 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."

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IC 4800 = ESO 104-025 = LGG 422-015 = PGC 62637

18 58 43.5 -63 08 21; Pav

V = 12.8; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 164°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.6'x0.8', well concentrated with a small bright core and fainter halo. The major axis is collinear with a mag 14.3 star and a mag 12.8 star, 0.8' and 1.3' NNW of center, respectively. NGC 6706 lies 12.5' WSW. Located at the southern vertex of a large isosceles triangle with mag 6.5 HD 174877 23' NW and mag 6.8 HD 175782 23' NE. Member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster in the eastern outskirts.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4800 = DS 538 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, stell N in oval ellip. ring, d 0.3' to 0.4'; nebulous wisps at 170° and 350°." This galaxy is as bright as NGC 6706, so it's surprising that it wasn't picked up by John Herschel.

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IC 4801 = ESO 104-028 = LGG 422-020 = PGC 62655

18 59 38.4 -64 40 31; Pav

V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 89°

30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 E-W, 1.5'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very bright core surrounded by a fairly large, relatively faint halo. Located 4' SE of mag 9.5 HD 175283 in the southeastern outskirts of ACO S805 = Pavo II clsuter. NGC 6722 lies 29' SE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4801 = DS 540 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "cF, S, R, bM."

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IC 4802 = ESO 523-015

18 55 07.0 -22 41 54; Sgr

18" (7/15/07): easily resolved very close pair of mag 13-14 stars at high power at the northeast side of NGC 6717.

17.5" (7/20/98): this is a very close pair of mag 13.5 stars at the NE edge of NGC 6717 (Palomar 9) just 20" from the center. Bigourdan recorded this object as a "Neb[ulous] *13, 15" nf NGC 6717".

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4802 = Big. 434 on 30 Jun 1884 and described it in the 22 Jul 1901 Comptes Rendus as "nebulous star mag 13, situated near NGC 6717 in PA 35° [NE], d = 15"." Harold Corwin comments, "It was found and measured on the same night that Bigourdan measured NGC 6717. His position is precise and agrees to within a few arcsec of the GSC position. This nails the object as a clump of stars about 15 arcsec northeast of the center of NGC 6717." Jermain Porter also measured an accurate micrometric position in 1909 using the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory.

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IC 4803 = ESO 141-017 NED1 = PGC 62677

19 00 39.9 -62 03 54; Pav

Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 0°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small, round, 15" diameter. First in a triplet with the close interacting pair PGC 62681 and 62684 ~1.5' E. A mag 11.6 star is 3' W and a mag 12.1 star is 2.3' SW. Several fainter stars are nearby. PGC 62681 appeared as a similar 15" glow and I probably only noticed the brighter core in soft seeing. IC 4803 is located in the northeastern outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805 with much brighter IC 4798 16.6' WSW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4803 = D.S. 541 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, R." ESO calls this a triple system and assigns the designation to the trio, but Corwin notes that Stewart's position and description only applies to the western component.

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IC 4806 = ESO 141-020 = PGC 62689

19 01 30.7 -57 31 55; Pav

V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 9°

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a very small, bright core and stellar nucleus. A brighter star is superimposed on the SE edge and a very faint star is at the NNE tip. Located 14' NNE of the large spiral NGC 6721 and 6' SE of mag 9.5 HD 176085.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4806 = DS 544 on a plate taken 16 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, extremely elongated at 10°, 2 st v nr, susp."

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IC 4808 = ESO 282-003 = PGC 62686

19 01 07.6 -45 18 49; CrA

V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 45°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1.5'x0.5', broadly brighter center, mottled or uneven surface brightness (probably due to spiral structure). A mag 15.5 star is at tip of the northeast edge. A mag 14 star is off the west side [0.9' W of center]. Located 12' SSW of mag 7.4 HD 176274, barely north of the Telescopium border.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4808 = DS 545 on a plate taken May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cL, considerably elongated at 45°, little brighter middle, susp."

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IC 4810 = ESO 184-002 = FGCE 1342 = PGC 62706

19 02 59.7 -56 09 35; Tel

V = 12.6; Size 3.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 136°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; extremely faint, very large, low surface brightness streak, ~2.0'x0.2'. Situated in a rich star field. A mag 15.5 star is close west of center. A distinctive 5' E-W string of mag 11-12 stars is roughly 7' NE and a 1' pair of mag 11.5-12 stars ~5' SW "points" to IC 4810.

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint, very large, thin edge-on streak 8:1 NW-SE, 2.4'x0.3', broad and fairly weak concentration, bulges slightly near the center. A mag 16 star is just east of the northwest extension and a mag 15.4 star is 30" W of center.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4810 = DS 548 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901. He reported "eF, S, extremely elongated at 140°, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 4815 = ESO 141-026 = PGC 62778

19 06 50.6 -61 42 05; Pav

V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 167°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, bright core. Two mag 14 stars 0.8' and 1.2' NW are collinear with the galaxy.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4815 = DS 553 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R, bM."

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IC 4817 = ESO 184-010 = AM 1902-561 W = PGC 62771

19 06 12.3 -56 09 34; Tel

V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 12°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright and large, elongated 5:2 N-S, broad weak concentration. A mag 15 star is just east of the northern flank. Forms a close pair with ESO 184-011, just 1.6' E. The companion is fairly faint, fairly large, roundish, low surface brightness, no core or zones. Two mag 15 stars are at the east side and a mag 13.7 star is close southwest. IC 4810 is 27' W.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4817 = DS 555 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 0°." Nearby ESO 184-011 was not mentioned in his discovery list.

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IC 4819 = ESO 141-027 = PGC 62782

19 07 07.3 -59 28 01; Pav

V = 13.4; Size 2.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 120°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint, extremely thin edge-on streak, at least 8:1 NW-SE, ~1.8'x0.2', fairly uniform width, except tapers slightly at tips. A 15th magnitude star is superimposed near the southeast tip and a mag 16 star is at the north edge of the central region. Located 15' SW of mag 7.8 HD 177569 and 42' NW of the spectacular globular NGC 6752.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4819 = DS 556 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "vF, S, extremely elongated at 130°."

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IC 4823 = ESO 104-45 = AM 1907-640 = PGC 62894

19 12 15.7 -63 58 34; Pav

V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 18°

30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, moderately large,, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", relatively low even surface brightness. Forms a double with ESO 104-45A = PGC 62891 barely off the SW end [27" between centers]. The small companion is very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. On first glance this double system could be mistaken for a single elongated oval as they seem to have a common envelope 1.1'x0.6'. Located 18' SE of NGC 6744 and 8.5' SW of mag 8.0 HD 178534.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4823 = DS 559 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "vF, vS."

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IC 4826 = ESO 184-027 = PGC 62897

19 12 21.2 -57 12 08; Pav

V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 46°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately to fairly bright, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.6', broadly concentrated with a brighter core. Located 12' SE of NGC 6753. ESO 184-025 lies 6' NW near the edge of the field (the trio is nearly collinear). Situated in a fairly busy Pavo star field.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4826 = DS 561 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, eeS, R."

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IC 4827 = ESO 141-034 = LGG 427-005 = PGC 62922

19 13 21.2 -60 51 37; Pav

V = 12.4; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 166°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright and large, very elongated 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.25'x0.25', very small bright nucleus. Bracketed by two pairs of brighter stars; a mag 8.8 star is 1.9' NW (with a mag 11 star 2' to its west), and a mag 9.1 star 3.2' NE (with a mag 12 star 0.9' to its NE). Member of the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427, with NGC 6769/6770/6771 42' NE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4827 = DS 564 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cS, extremely elongated at 170°, stell N."

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IC 4830 = ESO 141-037 = PGC 62934

19 13 48.6 -59 17 40; Pav

V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 28°

25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.85'. Contains a brighter elongated core that appears to be a bar[confirmed afterwards on the DSS]. A mag 15 star is at the east edge of the halo.

Located in a rich Pavo star field 47' NE of the center of the showpiece globular NGC 6752. A string of stars, including a mag 11/14.5 pair and a mag 12 star, extends to the southwest. IC 4830 is a member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4830 = DS 566 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, eS, R, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 4831 = ESO 141-038 = AM 1910-622 = LGG 427-004 = PGC 62951

19 14 43.8 -62 16 21; Pav

V = 12.3; Size 3.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 111°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, large, edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE, 3.0'x0.6', sharply concentrated with a relatively large bright elongated core, fades at the tips. Mag 8.5 HD 178906 lies 3' NNW. IC 4833 lies 7.5' SE (collinear with the major axis). Member of the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4831 = DS 568 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "! cF, vS, extremely elongated at 150°, 2-branch spir."

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IC 4832 = ESO 184-039 = LGG 426-004 = PGC 62938

19 14 03.9 -56 36 39; Tel

V = 12.7; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 144°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly large, edge-on 5:1 or 6:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.3', contains a bright elongated core. A mag 14.5 star is at the northwest end. Located 3.9' S of mag 9.2 HD 179038 and 3' NE of a mag 10.3 star. NGC 6758 lies 18' N.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4832 = DS 569 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901 and reported "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 145°, stell N."

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IC 4833 = ESO 141-040 = AM 1911-622 NED01 = PGC 62980

19 15 41.3 -62 19 45; Pav

V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 95°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated ~E-W, 0.5'x0.3'. Within a small triangle of stars: a mag 14.7 star 0.6' S, a mag 15.0 star 0.5' NW and a mag 16.1 star 0.5' E. Located 7.5' SE of bright IC 4831 and 4.7' NW of mag 8.1 HD 179303.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4833 = DS 570 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901 and reported "eeF, eS, R, bM."

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IC 4836 = ESO 141-043 = PGC 62990

19 16 17.9 -60 12 01; Pav

V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 71°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to moderately bright, roundish, ~45" diameter, fairly low and nearly even surface brightness. At 397x, the halo is bit irregular and surrounds a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 24' NW of NGC 6769/6770/6771 in the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427 and 42' ESE of the spectacular globular cluster NGC 6752!

Joseph Turner discovered IC 4836 on 3 Aug 1883 with the Great Melbourne Telescope while searching for NGC 6769. This is the last entry in his eyepiece notepad. He measured an offset of 1 minute 56 seconds preceding NGC 6769 and 16' north and described it as "very faint, difficult to detect, no stars near, round, about 1' diam., gradually a little brighter in middle." His offsets lands 2.4' SE of IC 4836 and the description fits. This was Turner's last observation as just two weeks later on 17 Aug he passed away from complications due to heart failure.

DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4836 = DS 574 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cL, iF, 2 st inv." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4837 = ESO 184-046 NED1 = AM 1911-544 NED1 = PGC 62963

19 15 14.6 -54 39 41; Tel

V = 12.5; Size 2.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 8°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~1.5'x1.0', broad concentration with a brighter elongated core. Forms a pair with IC 4839 3.5' NE and IC 4837A (large edge-on) lies 32' N. ESO 184-042, located 9.5' NW, appeared fairly faint, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, 25"x20", slightly brighter nucleus. A 5' string of 6 stars, including three of mag 10.6, extends to the southwest. Despite some asymmetric features on images, this galaxy lies in the foreground of IC 4839, so is not interacting.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4837 = DS 573 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, cS, R, bM."

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IC 4839 = ESO 184-048 = AM 1911-544 NED2 = PGC 62975

19 15 34.1 -54 37 36; Tel

V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 147°

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, broad mild concentration, elongated core region appears to be a bar [confirmed later on the DSS]. At 397x, the outer halo was slightly irregular in brightness, suggesting some spiral arcs. Forms an attractive pair with IC 4837 3.5' SW. ESO 184-042 lies 11' WNW. Member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4839 = DS 575 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, S, * inv in neb."

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IC 4842 = ESO 141-052 = LGG 427-007 = PGC 63065

19 19 24.6 -60 38 40; Pav

V = 12.4; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°

18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this galaxy is located 8' SE of NGC 6771 in a group and appears fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.8', slightly brighter core.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4842 = DS 579 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R."

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IC 4845 = ESO 141-054 = LGG 427-010 = PGC 63081

19 20 22.5 -60 23 21; Pav

V = 11.6; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 87°

25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 E-W, sharply concentrated with a very bright, very small nucleus! The halo extends ~1.25'x1.0' and a fairly bright star is superimposed on the southwest side.

25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, round. Contains a very small bright nucleus in a low surface brightness 30" halo. The view is hampered by a mag ~13 star that's attached on the southwest end of the halo [only 15" from the nucleus!] Located 15' NE of the NGC 6769/6770/6771 trio and a member of the NGC 6769 = LGC 427 group.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4845 = DS 582 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM, * 11m 0.4' sp."

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IC 4846 = PK 27-9.1 = PN G027.6-09.6

19 16 28.3 -09 02 37; Aql

V = 12.0; Size 2"

8" (9/23/22): appears as a 12th magnitude blue-grey "star" at 95x with a brighter 11th magnitude star less than 3' due south. Sliding a NPB filter into the light path, the PN far outshined the comparison star. Scaling up to 325x, IC 4846 seemed non-stellar, though teensy, perhaps a few arc seconds across.

14.5" (7/7/21): identified at 140x and 182x as a mag 12 "star" with greenish color. Extremely strong response to a UHC filter. Increasing to 264x, the planetary was clearly soft with a diameter at most 4". At 352x, it appeared to have a faint central star in a very small halo.

24" (9/10/15): bright greenish (stellar) planetary at 200x. The color gave it away and it was easily verified by blinking with an NPB filter. It clearly had a "soft" appearance at 260x and a very small disc was evident at 375x, just a couple of arcseconds in size. Forms the northwest vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.9' S and a similar star 3.6' ESE.

13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary, appears as a mag 11.5-12 "star" which blinks well with an OIII filter at 79x. Located in a rich star field 20' S of mag 7.3 SAO 143200.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4846 = Fleming 100 on a Harvard photographic plate taken in 1901. She identified it as a gaseous nebula (Harvard Circular 60).

Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually in the 36-inch refractor."

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IC 4852 = ESO 142-006 = AM 1922-602 = PGC 63204

19 26 25.3 -60 20 10; Pav

V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 171°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2, ~0.9'x0.6'. Brighter along the elongated core or bar E-W [DSS shows it’s a bar]. Some structure evident in the central region; the surface brightness is uneven and there was an impression of curvature at the ends of the bar [these are the roots of the spiral arms that extend N and S of the bar]. A mag 9.3 star (HD 181900) lies 6.6' SW. IC 4852 is located 31' SE of NGC 6782 and 1° ENE of the NGC 6769/6770/6771 trio. Based on redshift, it's probably a member of the NGC 6769 group.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4852 = DS 587 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM."

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IC 4856 = ESO 184-069 = LGG 426-006 = PGC 63226

19 27 30.5 -54 54 31; Tel

V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 31°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", fairly low surface brightness, irregular shape. A mag 12.8 star lies 1' NE. Forms an interacting pair with brighter NGC 6788 6.5' SW. Situated 3.5' due north of mag 7.8 HD 182396 and 10' ESE of mag 7.6 HD 182160.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4856 = DS 590 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 Sep 1901 and reported "eF, eS, D neb, susp."

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IC 4867 = IC 1301 = UGC 11437 = MCG +08-35-010 = CGCG 256-017 NED1 = PGC 63207

19 26 32.0 +50 07 31; Cyg

V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 19°

IC 4867 = IC 1301 forms a close pair with MCG +08-35-011 1' NE. The companion appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter, only pops occasionally.

Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4867 on 1 Jul 1901 at Yerkes Observatory while measuring the separation and position angle of nearby STT 182. He mentioned a nearby nebula in his 1904 "Measures of Double Stars with the 40-Inch Refractor of the Yerkes Observatory in 1900 and 1901".

Lewis Swift probably discovered this galaxy on 15 Apr 1890, but his position was 50' too far south. In a letter to Herbert Howe, Swift corrected the declination 35' further north, within 15' of IC 4867. In the IC 2 notes, Dreyer questioned if IC 1301 was identical to IC 4867, perhaps since Swift mentioned the nearby double star.

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IC 4895 = NGC 6822 = MCG -02-50-006 = DDO 209 = PGC 63616 = Barnard's Galaxy

19 44 58.3 -14 48 03; Sgr

V = 8.8; Size 15.5'x13.5'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 5°

See observing notes for NGC 6822.

Max Wolf found IC 4895 on photographs taken at Heidelberg on 16 Jul 1906 and 8 Aug 1907. He assumed the two brighter HII regions at the north end of Barnard's Galaxy were NGC 6822 and IC 1308 (the mistake originates by Ormond Stone at the Leander McCormick observatory) and thought the galaxy itself was a new discovery (AN 4207). So, IC 4895 = NGC 6822.

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IC 4913 = ESO 399-005 = MCG -06-43-013 = PGC 63850

19 56 47.6 -37 19 42; Sgr

V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 130°

24" (9/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradual weak concentration to the center. There was a strong impression of a low surface brightness halo extending ~0.9'x0.7'. Located 13' S of mag 7.8 HD 188476.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4913 = Sw. 11-185 on 6 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; 3 st s[outh] like belt of Orion point to it; eee diff[icult]." His position is 1 minute of RA too far west and nearly 2' too far south. Howe reexamined the field in 1899, measured an accurate position, and noted "The three stars mentioned by Swift are of mags 9.5, 10 and 9, and are about 8' south of the nebula. Their line prolonged does not strike the nebula, but follows a little." Dreyer incorporated Howe's comments in the IC description.

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IC 4926 = ESO 339-018 = MCG -06-44-005 = PGC 63961

20 00 12.1 -38 34 43; Sgr

V = 12.8; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 54°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright, round, ~45" diameter, strongly concentrated with a bright, well defined round core that increases to the center. Slightly fainter and smaller of a pair with IC 4931 7.4' E in the core of AGC 3656.

ESO 339-017, located 3.8' N, appeared fairly faint, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, small bright core, ~45"x35".

MCG -06-44-003, located 5.1' NNW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. The view is affected by two superimposed stars; a 12th mag star on the north end and a fainter star on the east edge!

17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, round, 1.2' diameter, even concentration to a bright core. A stellar nucleus is visible with direct vision. Forms a similar pair with IC 4931 7.5' E. I also ran across PGC 93980 11' SE and 3.7' WSW of mag 7.4 SAO 211735. It appeared very faint, small, round, very weak concentration. ESO 339-017, 3.7' N, was not noticed. Member of the rich galaxy cluster AGC 3656.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4926 = Sw. 11-186, along with IC 4931, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; lE, precedes the below 37 sec; e diff; p of 2 [with IC 4931]." Swift's positions were 3' too far south and about 15 seconds of RA too small in his fourth discovery list from Lowe but pretty accurate in his accumulated 11th list (perhaps from Herbert Howe).

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IC 4931 = ESO 339-023 = MCG -06-44-008 = PGC 63976

20 00 50.3 -38 34 30; Sgr

V = 11.9; Size 2.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, oval 4:3 NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.2', strongly concentrated with a prominent core. A mag 12.1 star is 1.6' SE. Brightest cD galaxy in the core of AGC 3656 with 5 other members seen within 10'. Located 4.5' WNW of mag 7.8 HD 189396 and 7.7' NW of mag 7.7 HD 189387. IC 4926 lies 7.4' W.

LEDA 93979, located 3.7' S, appeared faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, ~16"x12". A mag 13.3 star is barely off the SSW end.

LEDA 93980, located 7.4' S, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 20" diameter, gradually brighter middle.

ESO 339-024, 13' N, appeared very faint, fairly small, ~4:1 NNW-SSE, ~30"x8", surprisingly low surface brightness. Colllinear with two mag 12/13 stars close east [0.6' and 1.3'].

ESO 339-025, 13' NW, appeared faint, fairly small, roundish. The view was significantly hampered by mag 8.3 HD 189469, which is attached to the southeast end!

17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, elongated 3:2 E-W, sharply concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus at moments. The fainter halo is roughly 1.2'x0.8'. Brightest in a trio with IC 4926 7.5' W and LEDA 93980 7.3' S. Located 4.4' W of mag 7.7 SAO 211734 = HDO 294 (8.1/8.9 at 1.0"). Brightest member in rich galaxy cluster AGC 3656.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4931 = Sw. 11-187, along with IC 4926, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 8m * f[ollows] 20s; f of 2 [with IC 4926]." Swift's RA is about 10 seconds too small (improved from his fourth discovery list from Lowe Observatory, which was also 3' too far south), but Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC.

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IC 4933 = ESO 185-055 = PGC 64042

20 03 29.0 -54 58 48; Tel

V = 12.3; Size 2.3'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 0°

30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, large, oval 5:4 ~N-S, ~1.8'x1.4'. Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core, increasing to the center. The outer halo shows weak spiral structure (two arms), though they can't be easily traced. A mag 12.7 star lies 1.6' S. Forms a nice pair with NGC 6850 8' N.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4933 = DS 632 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 3 Oct 1901. He noted "eF, eS, 2-branch open spiral." I'm surprised JH missed this galaxy and picked up nearby NGC 6850 (8' separation). Perhaps it was just outside his sweep limit.

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IC 4943 = ESO 233-028 = LGG 430-002 = PGC 64102

20 06 28.2 -48 22 33; Tel

V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 38°

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): At 128x, this member of the Telescopium Group = ACO S851 appeared faint, small, round, 25" diameter. A mag 12.8 star lies 0.9' N of center. Located 8.5' W of NGC 6861 (second brightest of four in field). Forms the southern vertex of a triangle with an extremely faint anonymous galaxy (2MASX J20062917-4819434) 2.8' N and a mag 10 star 3.8' NE.

2MASX J20062917-4819434 appeared extremely faint, round, perhaps 20" diameter and formed the northern vertex of a triangle with IC 4943 2.8' S and a mag 10.3 star 3.4' ESE.

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4943, along with nearby 2MASX J20062917-4819434, on 5 Oct 1885 while observing the Telescopium Group with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He wrote "D [IC 4943] is a little brighter than C [2MASX J20062917-4819434] but still pretty faint. It is very small and gradually pretty much brighter middle. Looks like a diffused faint nebulous star." His sketch, which includes a nearby mag 10.3 star along with several additional fainter stars, perfectly matches the field surrounding IC 4943. The discovery was never announced.

Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 4943 = Sw. 11-188 on 8 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * near north; ee diff; p of 2 [with IC 4949 = NGC 6861]." His position was 3.5' too far southwest, but a mag 13 star is close north, confirming this identification. Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4944 = ESO 185-067 = PGC 64129

20 07 08.8 -54 26 49; Tel

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 6°

30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 0.7'x0.4', weak concentration. Located 14' SE of NGC 6854.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4944 = F. 1186 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 31 Aug 1904. He noted "bM, magn 14."

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IC 4946 = Shapley-Ames 5 = ESO 285-007 = A2020-44 = LGG 434-002 = PGC 64614

20 23 58.1 -43 59 43; Sgr

V = 11.8; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 68°

30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 WSW-ENE, sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core. The galaxy is surrounded by numerous stars, including a 52" pair of mag 10/11.5 stars 2.7' E, a mag 13.3 star 1.7' NE, a mag 14.1 star 1.6' WSW, a mag 14.4 star 1.2' NW, and a mag 15 star at the west-southwest edge. NGC 6902 lies 21' NNE.

18" (8/19/09): at 175x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 1.0x'0.4', broad weak concentration. Located 2.7' W of a wide pair of mag 10/12 stars at 52" separation. Observed at only 9° elevation.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4946 = Sw. 12-15 on 11 Sep 1897 and logged ""eF, S, R, 3 or 4 st f, form with the neb, a circle, sp of 2 [with Sw. 12-16 = IC 4948]." There is nothing at Swift's position for either of these two entries. Harold Corwin suggests that Swift's made an 18 minute error in time (too small). Once corrected, his position falls very close to Shapley-Ames 5 (New 5) = ESO 285-007. In addition, his description fits using three or four stars close east. Using the same correction for Sw. 12-16, IC 4948 is a duplicate of NGC 6902. Swift listed the discovery date for IC 4948 as 17 Sep 1897 (6 nights later). See that number for more. Malcolm Thomson also has a comprehensive summary of the situation.

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IC 4948 = NGC 6902 = ESO 285-008 = MCG -07-42-002 = AM 2021-434 = LGG 434-003 = PGC 64632

20 24 28.0 -43 39 12; Sgr

V = 10.9; Size 5.6'x3.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 153°

See observing notes for NGC 6902.

Lewis Swift found IC 4948 = Sw. 12-16 on 17 Sep 1897. There is nothing at his position. Harold Corwin suggests that Lewis Swift made an 18 minute error in time in recording the RA of Sw. 12-15 and 12-16, as his descriptions and relative positions are a reasonable match for IC 4946 and IC 4948 (particularly the former). Making this correction, IC 4948 = NGC 6902. But Swift lists the discovery date for IC 4948 as 17 Sep 1897, 6 nights later than IC 4946, though he also made a number of errors in recording dates during his last year of observing. So, some uncertainly on this equivalence still remains.

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IC 4949 = NGC 6861 = ESO 233-032 = LGG 430-003 = PGC 64136

20 07 19.4 -48 22 12; Tel

V = 11.1; Size 2.8'x1.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 140°

See observing notes for NGC 6861.

Lewis Swift found IC 4949 = Sw. 11-189, along with IC 4943, on 8 Jul 1897 and reported "B; vS; cE; f of 2 [with IC 4943]. His position is just 3' N of NGC 6861 so apparently he missed the earlier observation by Herschel. See Corwin's identification notes.

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IC 4954 = LBN 153 = Ced 175

20 04 48 +29 15; Vul

Size 1'

17.5" (9/26/92): this moderately bright reflection nebulosity forms a fairly striking compact pair with IC 4955 4' SE. Very small, round, 15"-20" diameter. Appears to surround a mag 13 star. A distinctive group of five stars (part of Roslund 4) just south are arranged in two parallel rows of three stars and two stars. No contrast gain with OIII or Deep Sky filter.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4954, along with IC 4955, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted, "the north nebula [IC 4954] is not so well defined [as the south one] - that is the star is not. The star may be double, there is a faint star or separate patch (definition too bad to decide) close s.f. If the star is double, the components will be nearly n and s but not quite." He also viewed these reflection nebulae on 15 and 29 Jun, as well as 25 Jul 1888. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.

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IC 4955 = Ced 175

20 04 54 +29 11; Vul

Size 2'

17.5" (9/26/92): at 140x appears as the larger and slightly brighter of a pair of reflection nebulae with IC 4954 4' NW. Surrounds a mag 12 star, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 1' diameter. A line of three mag 13.5 stars is close southeast. No contrast enhancement with OIII or Deep Sky filter.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4955, along with IC 4954, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "found a fine nebulous star of 12 mag."

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IC 4960 = ESO 073-028 = PGC 64363

20 15 23.9 -70 32 16; Pav

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 166°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NNW-SSE, ~0.7'x0.2', small brighter nucleus. A mag 16 star is at the northern tip. Situated 1.5' ENE of a mag 10.3 star. Forms a pair with IC 4967 5' ESE. Located 16' NNW of the spectacular barred spiral NGC 6872 in the Pavo-I Group.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4960 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "eF, eS, bM." His RA was 7 seconds too small, though there is no question on the identification.

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IC 4967 = ESO 073-029 = LGG 432-007 = PGC 64396

20 16 23.2 -70 33 53; Pav

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 92°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. A mag 11.6 star is 1.5' WNW. Fainter of a pair with IC 4960 5.2' WNW. Located 12.5' NNW of NGC 6872 in the Pavo-I Group = LGG 432.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4967 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "vF, bM."

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IC 4970 = VV 297b = ESO 073-033 = PGC 64415

20 16 57.6 -70 44 59; Pav

V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 90°

30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): IC 4970 is an interacting companion to NGC 6872, situated 1.1' N of center. At 303x it appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', contains a very small bright nucleus.

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is an interacting companion of NGC 6872, situated just 1.1' N of center within the Pavo-I Group. At 171x, it appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15". A mag 10.4 star lies 1.8' SW. Images reveal a distorted bridge and plumes due to interaction with NGC 6872.

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this small companion to NGC 6872 appeared faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15". Located 1' N of the core of NGC 6872.

Joseph Turner discovered IC 4970 = DS 657 on 27 August 1881during an observation of NGC 6872 with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He wrote, "there is a small round nebula 1' north of 4549 [NGC 6872] not mentioned by Herschel." The discovery was included in a final list of 6 new nebulae at the end of his notebook and mentioned in the "Seventeenth Annual Report of the Observatory", published in 1882. Pietro Baracchi later reobserved the pair and made a diagram of the field on 3 Sep 1885, labeling IC 4970 as New. Dreyer apparently wasn't aware of this announcement in the observatory report so IC 4970 wasn't assigned a NGC designation.

DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4970 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "bM, nr NGC 6872." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4972 = ESO 073-034 = PGC 64436

20 17 42.9 -70 54 53; Pav

V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 15°

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is the faintest of 8 members of the Pavo-I Group observed and is situated 4.7' SW of NGC 6876. With averted vision at 171x, an extremely faint, ghostly streak was just visible oriented SSW-NNE, ~0.5'x0.1' with a low, even surface brightness.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4972 = DS 661 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, vS, extremely elongated at 15°."

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IC 4981 = ESO 073-38 = LGG 432-003 = PGC 64486

20 19 39.9 -70 50 57; Pav

V = 13.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.5; PA = 135°

18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this Pavo-I Group member is a faint companion of NGC 6880 and is situated just 1.1' NE of NGC 6880. At 171x it appeared very faint, very small, 20" diameter.

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): extremely faint, small. Situated close NE of NGC 6880. A very faint star is superimposed on the north side.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4981 = D.S. 663 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, eS, * nr."

Both Joseph Turner and Pietro Baracchi sketched NGC 6876, 6877 and 6880 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope (on 12 Sep 1881 and 3 Sep 1885, respectively) but failed to notice IC 4981, though Baracchi plotted a 15th mag star at or near its position

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IC 4982 = ESO 073-39 = PRC C-53 = PGC 64498

20 20 20.8 -71 00 28; Pav

Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 50°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". A close (interacting) companion (LEDA 270900) off the south edge was not noticed. Slightly fainter of a pair with IC 4985 2.3' NE. Probable member of the Pavo-I Group.

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4982 on 3 Sep 1885 while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 in the Pavo-I cluster with the 48" Melbourne Telescope. Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars. The discovery was never published.

DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4982 = D.S. 665 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "vF, bM." Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4985 = ESO 073-040 = PGC 64505

20 20 44.0 -70 59 13; Pav

V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 66°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration. Slightly brighter of a pair with IC 4982 2.3' SW. Member of the Pavo-I Group.

Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4985 on 3 Sep 1885, while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 (Pavo-I cluster) with the 48" Melbourne Telescope. Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars. The discovery was never published.

DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4985 = D.S. 666 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "vF, bM." Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 4991 = ESO 340-011 = MCG -07-41-024 = PGC 64450

20 18 23.3 -41 03 01; Sgr

V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 145°

18" (8/19/09): fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0'. Broad concentration to a large, brighter core. Located 8.5' S of mag 8.3 HD 192815. Forms a pair with ESO 340-13 2.7' E (not seen at a low viewing elevation). The identification of this galaxy with IC 4991 is possible, though unlikely.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 4991 = Sw. 11-191 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported, "vF; cS; R; no bright star near". There is nothing near his position. The nearest bright galaxy is ESO 340-011, identified as IC 4991 in the ESO-Uppsala catalogue (and followed by PGC, RC3, NED, NGC 2000.0 etc.). This galaxy is located 32' north of Swift's position and 37 seconds of RA east. But a mag 9.5 star is 5' NW as well as a mag 8.3 star less than 9' N, both of which would be noticeable in his 33' field. Although Swift's positions are notoriously poor in his final observing years, the two nearby bright stars in makes this identification unlikely. Still it is certainly bright enough to have been picked up by Swift, so it remains a possibility.

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IC 4996 = OCl 158 = C 2014+374 = Cr 418

20 16 30 +37 38 00; Cyg

V = 7.3; Size 6'

18" (8/14/04): beautiful open cluster at 225x with perhaps three dozen stars resolved in fairly poor seeing. Appears small, but rich and quite elongated SSW-NNE, ~4'x2'. Includes three bright mag 8.5-9.5 stars (ADS 13626) forming an obtuse isosceles triangle with the brightest star at the vertex. A 4th fainter star to the west forms a trapezoid with this trio. Two of the stars in the triangle are close, unequal doubles (including ß422, 9.7/10.8 at 4") and the single star has a 13th magnitude close pair nearby! The remainder of the stars in the cluster are generally mag 13 and fainter. There are sprays of stars to the north and south giving the elongated appearance. Located 1.1° SE of the Crescent Nebula and 1.7° SW of M29.

13.1" (8/25/84): ~40 stars at 144x. Rich in faint stars using averted vision.

13.1" (9/11/82 and 9/9/83): 30-40 stars at 160x, appears very rich, includes several very faint stars, elongated SSW-NNE. The brightest stars are three mag 8.5-9 stars in a tight grouping in the center.

8" (8/28/81): consists of three mag 9 stars with a string of stars to the stars, over haze, appears rich with averted.

William Herschel discovered IC 4996 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 594). He recorded, "Clustering stars the place taken is pretty much condensed, and contains 3 pS stars close together." But Caroline didn't assign a general discovery number and it wasn't catalogued later. Wolfgang Steinicke found his offset in time and PD from 6th magnitude 34 Cygni (the next object in the sweep) matched this cluster. Interestingly, the next nonstellar object in the sweep was M29, though he just noted "Clustering large stars" with no discovery number or reference to M29.

According to Steinicke, Hugo Clemens "noticed the object on a plate taken [13 Jun 1896] for the Photographische Himmelskarte with a 10.5" f/10.5 astrograph at Potsdam Observatory." The IC credit went to Frank Bellamy, who independently discovered IC 4996 on a plate taken 9 Oct 1903 with the 13" astrograph at Radcliff Observatory in Oxford. The discovery was announced in the paper "A New Cluster in Cygnus", MNRAS 64, 662 (1904). Bellamy didn't state a position for the cluster and Dreyer's estimated position is ~25' too far north.

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IC 4997 = PK 058-10.1 = PN G58.3-10.9 = HD 193538 = QV Sge

20 20 08.7 +16 43 54; Sge

V = 10.8; Size 2"

8" (9/23/22): IC 4997, a very compact mag 10.8 planetary, has an ideal 10th mag comparison star (HD 355464) just 1' SW! Sliding a NPB filter into the light path, the PN dominated the nearby star by over a magnitude. Upping the power to 225x, IC 4997 wouldn't focus down to a sharp point and was definitely fuzzy at 325x.

14.5" (8/20/22): easy to identify at 66x just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star, though in a rich star field. Blinking with the OIII filter than PN seemed roughly 1 mag brighter than the comparison star. At 140x, it displayed a bluish color and was slightly non-stellar (more evident with averted vision), which was confirmed at 226x (perhaps 3" diameter). Excellent view at 660x with an evenly lit, high surface brightness disc.

14.5" (7/11/21): immediately recognized as a compact PN at 140x due to its typical soft blue appearance just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star. Adding a UHC filter the PN was noticeably brighter than the star and a tiny disc was clearly outlined. At 182x with a filter, I'd estimate the PN seemed 1 mag brighter than the star. A third 12th mag star just W complete an obtuse isosceles triangle. Increasing to 352x, the blue 3"-5" disc had a very high surface brightness. Also examined at 528x but didn't see any additional details. Located in a rich Sagitta star field 36' NW of the triple star STF 2670 (in Del).

17.5" (8/18/01): the PN appears as an unusually bright mag 11 "star" (V = 10.8) at 100x in a rich star field. Verified with OIII blinking. An excellent comparison star is a mag 10 star just 1' SW. A 12th mag star 2' WSW completes a distinctive obtuse triangle. With the filter the PN is nearly one magnitude brighter than the 10th mag star. At 280x, the PN is bluish and a tiny disc was highly suspected, perhaps 2"-3".

13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary at all powers, confirmed with an OIII blinking from home in El Cerrito. A slightly brighter mag 10.4 star for comparison blinking is 1.1' SW.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4997 = Fleming 97 in 1896 during her regular examination of Henry Draper Memorial photographs. It was included in a list of stars with unusual spectra announced by Pickering in the Harvard College Observatory, Circular No.9 in July 1896. According to Wolfgang Steinicke, Gustav Gruss independently discovered IC 4997 around 1896, using a 6" or 8" refractor with the aid of a visual spectroscope, so both deserve discovery credit.

Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 4997 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch."

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IC 4999 = ESO 527-021 = MCG -04-48-004 = AM 2020-261 = LGG 436-001 = PGC 64613

20 23 56.3 -26 00 54; Cap

V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 92°

18" (9/3/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, broad weak concentration. Two or three faint stars are at the edges of the halo; the brightest is a mag 14.5 star at the NE edge of the halo (45" from the center), a faint star at the west edge (40" from center) and a faint star off the north side. Located 14' SW of mag 7 HD 194102. IC 5005 lies 22' NE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4999 on 26 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He found this galaxy "While hunting for an object seen in comet seeker" and noted a "pL, R, vf neb among stars."

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IC 5000 = NGC 6901 = UGC 11542 = MCG +01-52-002 = CGCG 399-002 = PGC 64552

20 22 21.5 +06 25 48; Aql

V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 63°

17.5" (7/20/90): faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 WSW-ENE, overall diffuse with a low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 30" off the NW side and 1.4' from the center. NGC 6906 is located 18' E. Similar notes on 6/20/87.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5000 = Big. 335 (= NGC 6901) on 29 Sep 1891 with a description "a clearly nebulous object, 50" diameter, in its extent are several stellar points." His position matches NGC 6901, though he assumed it was new due to Albert Marth's poor position. See NGC 6901 for more.

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IC 5003 = IC 5039 = IC 5046 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249

20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic

V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°

See observing notes for IC 5039.

Lewis Swift found IC 5003 = Sw. 12-18 on 8 Sep 1897 and reported "vF, [cS], R, 2 st nr sf, point to it. Sp of 2 [with Sw. 12-19]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his description Harold Corwin found that Swift made an 18 minute error in time in recording the RA. Once corrected his position matches ESO 463-020 and this was the fourth time Swift "discovered" this galaxy near the end of his observing career! See IC 5039 for the full story.

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IC 5004 = NGC 6923 = ESO 462-029 = MCG -05-48-017 = AM 2028-310 = LGG 437-001 = PGC 64884

20 31 38.7 -30 49 58; Mic

V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 78°

See observing notes for NGC 6923.

Lewis Swift found IC 5004= Sw. 11-192 on 22 Jul 1897 and called it "eF; pS; lE; wide D * near s[outh]." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin found that 6 minutes of RA east is NGC 6923 (discovered by John Herschel) and Swift's description fits (the wide double star is ~4' S.) So, IC 5504 = NGC 6923. See Harold Corwin's notes for more on the IC number.

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IC 5005 = ESO 528-004 = MCG -04-48-007 = AM 2022-255 = LGG 436-002 = PGC 64657

20 25 20.2 -25 49 44; Cap

V = 12.7; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 67°

18" (9/3/08): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1.0'x0.8', weak concentration. The edge of the halo is ill-defined. A star is at the NW end [brighter of a wide, 28" pair with a slightly fainter star further NW]. Located 9.7' due east of mag 7 HD 194102 and 3' N of a mag 10 star. IC 4999 lies 22' SW.

17.5" (8/8/02): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. Fairly low, nearly even surface brightness. A faint star is close NNW. Located 3' due north of a mag 10 star.

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.4'x1.0'. Very weak or no concentration. A mag 13.5 star (which has a faint companion preceding) is at the NW edge [35" from center]. Located 2.8' N of a mag 10 star.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5005 on 28 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory He noted "Verified the faint nebula of Aug 26 [IC 4999] and found another smaller one, very faint, just north of 12m star. It is following an 8m star [by 43 seconds of time]." The identification is certain.

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IC 5007 = IC 5041 = IC 5047 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258

20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic

V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°

See observing notes for IC 5041 or IC 5047.

Lewis Swift found IC 5007 = Sw. 12-19 on 8 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF, cL, R, bet 2 groups of B st sf a.d np, nf of 2 [with Sw. 12-18]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his description Harold Corwin found that Swift made an 18 minute error in time in recording the RA. Once corrected his position matches ESO 463-021 and this was the fourth time Swift "discovered" this galaxy! See IC 5039 for the full story.

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IC 5011 = IC 5013 = AM 2025-361 = ESO 400-029 = MCG -06-45-003 = PGC 64772

20 28 33.8 -36 01 38; Mic

V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 19°

24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.7'. Sharply concentrated with three distinct zones: a small high surface brightness core, a fairly low surface brightness halo, a small high surface brightness core and a very small, intensely bright nucleus. Mag 7.8 HD 194727 is 10' S.

IC 5011 forms an interacting contact pair with ESO 400-030 at the southeast edge of the halo [1.0' SSE from center]. The companion appeared as a very faint, fairly small glow held nearly continuously with averted and concentration. Seems to have a small brighter core and an elongated halo ~18"x12".

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x0.7'. Sharp concentration and dominated by a striking bright core with much fainter extensions. Located 10' N of a mag 7.5 star (SAO 212153). A companion (ESO 400-030) at the south edge was not seen, probably due to the low elevation.

17.5" (8/3/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. Sharply concentrated with a very bright core that appears elongated at 225x or double at moments. The much fainter halo gradually fades into the background. A mag 7.5 star is 10' S near the edge of the field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5011 = Sw. 11-193 on 25 Jul 1897 and recorded "pB, vS, eE". There is nothing at his position but 1.3 minutes of RA east is ESO 400-029 and his description clearly applies. He found the galaxy again a month later (29 Aug 1897) and reported "eeS; eE in meridian [N-S]; curious object." This time his RA was only 8 seconds too small. So, IC 5011 = IC 5013. See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's remarks for more.

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IC 5013 = IC 5011 = AM 2025-361 = ESO 400-029 = MCG -06-45-003 = PGC 64772

20 28 33.8 -36 01 38; Mic

V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 19°

IC 5013 forms an interacting contact pair with ESO 400-030 at the southeast edge of the halo [1.0' SSE from center]. The companion appeared as a very faint, fairly small glow held nearly continuously with averted and concentration. It seemed to have a small brighter core and an elongated halo ~18"x12".

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5013 = Sw. 11-194, for the second time, on 29 Aug 1897 and reported "eeS; eE in meridian [N-S]; curious object." His RA is only 8 seconds too small. His first observation was a month earlier and the discovered was listed as Sw. 11-193 (later IC 5011), but his RA was 1.3 minutes too small. His description "pB; vS; eE" clearly applies to the same galaxy. So, IC 5011 = IC 5013. Malcolm Thomson equated IC 5011 with ESO 400-029, but was not convinced that IC 5013 was equivalent or applied to the companion on the southeast side (ESO 400-030).

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IC 5019 = ESO 400-035 = PGC 64850

20 30 47.1 -36 04 37; Mic

V = 14.6; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 85°

24" (9/6/18): at 225x; extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 15"x10" (core region seen). This galaxy was surprisingly faint and was only occasionally glimpsed. A mag 14 star is 1' N and two mag 13.5/14.6 stars are less than 3' ESE. Located 27' ESE of IC 5013 (interacting contact pair).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5019 = Sw. 11-195 on 16 Sep 1897 and reported "vF; cS; R; several pB stars south and following." There is nothing at his position but 15' N is ESO 400-035. If this identification is correct, he made another mistake; the pB stars are northeast, not southeast.

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IC 5020 = ESO 400-034 = MCG -06-45-006 = PGC 64845

20 30 38.5 -33 29 08; Mic

V = 12.3; Size 3.0'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 153°

24" (9/30/16): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x1.4', contains a relatively large bright core that gradually increases to the center.

17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round, gradually increases to a brighter center, 1.5' diameter. Located in a stream of stars flowing ~E-W through the 22' field and a second curving lane of stars heading south (includes a brighter mag 11 star) is close following the galaxy.

17.5" (8/3/94): fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W. Broad concentration with no distinct core but the nucleus appears offset to the west side giving an asymmetric appearance. A flipped "?" asterism (reversed N-S) is just following with the hook ending just east of the galaxy with a mag 14 star.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5020 = Sw. 11-196 on 29 Aug 1897 and logged "pF; pS; lE." His position is 10 seconds of RA east and 1.6' south of ESO 400-034 = PGC 64845.

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IC 5029 = IC 5039 = IC 5046 = IC 5003 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249

20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic

V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°

See observing notes for IC 5039.

Lewis Swift found IC 5029 = Sw. 12-22 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "eeF, eS, eE, F * with dist companion nr sf, point to it, np of 2 [with Sw. 12-23]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his description this was the second of four discoveries of the same pair of galaxies! In this case his RA was 3 minutes of time too small. See IC 5039 for more on the story.

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IC 5038 = ESO 106-012 = AM 2042-651 = PGC 65365

20 46 51.7 -65 01 01; Pav

V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 75°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; moderately bright, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~40"x28", brighter core. Two mag 14 and 15 stars are off the WSW end [1.0' and 1.6' from center]. Forms a pair with IC 5042 7' SE. A 30" pair of mag 10.7/11.5 stars is 5' ENE. IC 5038 was easily found 6.5' due south of mag 6.7 HD 197359.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5038 = D.S. 684 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, alm stell."

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IC 5039 = IC 5046 = IC 5003 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249

20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic

V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°

17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, fairly large edge-on, 2'x0.5' NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A faint star is very close to the SE extension [36" from center]. In field with IC 5041 10' NNE.

17.5" (8/5/91): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, sharp concentration. A mag 15 star is at the SE end and a 14th magnitude star is 1.7' ENE of center. Forms a pair with IC 5041 10.0' NNE.

Lewis Swift found IC 5039 = Sw. 11-197 = Sw. 11-198, along with IC 5041 = Sw. 11-199, on 29 Aug 1897 and recorded (for XI-197) "vF; pS; R; 2 F st near nf point to it; 1st of 3." His position for IC 5039 is 17 seconds of RA west of ESO 463-020 = PGC 65249 and that of IC 5041 is 2.5' N of ESO 463-021 = PGC 65258. The listing for Sw. 11-198 is only 15 seconds of time east with description "eeF; eS; eE; near p[receding] star of sev[eral] curved; 2nd of 3." Herbert Howe rexamined the field in 1900 and found only 1 nebula near Swift's position of both numbers and concluded they referred to the same object based on the descriptions.

Remarkably, this was the 3rd out of 4 times he "discovered" this pair in the summer of 1897 at the age of 77. His first observation of the pair, Sw. 11-200 (later IC 5046) and Sw. 11-201 (later IC 5047) was on 9 Jun 1897. IC 5046 was described as "eF; pS; vE; eeF * and vF * near sf, point to it; sp of 2.", while IC 5047 says "eeF; pS; vE; 8m * 31' n[orth]; v diff; nf of 2." His RA was about 1.5 minutes too large and his dec was 3' too far south, but the description fits. He found the pair again on 26 Jul 1897 and recorded Sw. 12-22 (later IC 5029) and Sw. 12-23 (later IC 5030), but his RA was 3 minutes too small, and the dec for IC 5030 10' too far south. The 4th observation was recorded as Sw. 12-18 (later IC 5003) and XII-19 (later IC 5007) on 8 Sep 1897 and this time his RA was 18 minutes too small! Once again, the description of the field clinches this identification (uncovered by Harold Corwin). As a result, IC 5003 = IC 5029 = IC 5039 = IC 5046 and IC 5007 = IC 5030 = IC 5041 = IC 5047. The IC positions for 5039 and 5041 are from Howe and very accurate, though IC 5046 and 5047 refer to Swift's first observation of the pair.

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IC 5041 = IC 5047 = IC 5007 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258

20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic

V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, irregularly round, broad concentration with large ill-defined core. At least 2' diameter, though hard to estimate diameter and slowly fades around the periphery. Forms a pair with brighter IC 5039 10' SSW.

17.5" (8/5/91): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Pair with IC 5039 10' SSW.

See notes on IC 5039.

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IC 5042 = ESO 106-013 = PGC 65394

20 47 46.0 -65 05 04; Pav

V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 41°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.6'x0.45', broad weak concentration. Forms a pair with slightly brighter IC 5038 7' NW. A 30" pair of mag 10.7/11.5 stars is 6' N. Located 12' SSE of mag 6.7 HD 197359.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5042 = D.S. 685 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, alm stell."

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IC 5046 = IC 5039 = IC 5003 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249

20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic

V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°

17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, fairly large edge-on, 2'x0.5' NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A faint star is very close to the SE extension [36" from center]. In field with IC 5041 10' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5046 = Sw. 11-200 on 9 Jun 1897 and reported "eF; pS; vE; eeF * and vF * near sf point to it; sp of 2 [with IC 5047]." His position is roughly 1.5 minutes of time too large and 3' too far south. But the description is a perfect match. Swift discovered this galaxy a total of 4 times in the summer of 1897! See IC 5039 for the story.

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IC 5047 = IC 5041 = IC 5007 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258

20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic

V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°

17.5" (8/5/91): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Pair with IC 5039 10' SSW.

See notes on IC 5039.

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IC 5049 = ESO 341-014 = AM 2044-383 = MCG -06-45-014 = MCG -06-45-015 = PGC 65377 = PGC 65378

20 47 23.4 -38 24 56; Mic

Size 1.5'x1.0'; PA = 148°

24" (9/8/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, ~40"x25". With careful viewing I noticed this was a double system with the halos merged [16" between centers]. Each component was no more 20" diameter. The NNW galaxy (IC 5049A) was more evident, though its total B magnitude (15.1) is fainter. These galaxies are the brightest members of the galaxy cluster ACO S897 (z = .041)

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5049 = Sw. 11-202 on 17 Sep 1897 and wrote "eeF; pS; R." His position is 30 seconds of time west and 4' south of a merged, double system, which Swift apparently didn't resolve. The components are called IC 5049A and 5049B in NED.

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IC 5052 = ESO 074-015 = AM 2047-692 = PGC 65603

20 52 06 -69 12 14; Pav

V = 11.2; Size 5.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 143°

30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; gorgeous edge-on galaxy! Fairly bright, extremely large, very thin ~10:1 NW-SE, ~5.5'x0.6', slightly brighter core, bulges very slightly at the center or offset to the northwest side, tapers more thinly on the southeast end. A mag 16.3 star is at the north edge of the northwest extension, a mag 16.5 star is off the south edge at this end and a mag 17.5 star is very close to the tip.

18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 128x this galaxy appears as a beautiful, narrow edge-on streak with little or no central concentration. It is elongated ~10:1 NW-SE, ~5'x0.5', with a slightly bulging core and a gradual tapering towards the tips. A mag 10 star lies 5' N. Located 30' SE of mag 5.4 Sigma Pavonis. NGC 6943 lies 43' NW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5052 = DS 692 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, L, extremely elongated at 140°, 4' long."

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IC 5053 = ESO 074-018 = AM 2048-711 NED1 = PGC 65662

20 53 36.2 -71 08 28; Pav

V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 55°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint or moderately bright, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.0'x 0.4', brighter core. A mag 11.5 star is 1.7' N. A thin equatorial dust lane was not noticed. IC 5053 is located 16' SE of mag 8.2 HD 197828 and forms an interacting pair with IC 5054 6.7' N. The pair is probably part of the Pavo-I Group, which is centered 3° WNW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5053 = DS 694 on a plate taken on 26 Sep 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, vS, bM, * mag 11 n 2'."

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IC 5054 = ESO 074-019 = AM 2048-711 NED2 = PGC 65665

20 53 45.4 -71 01 29; Pav

V = 13.9; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 N-S, ~50"x12", slightly brighter core. Bracketed between a mag 9.9 star 0.8' SW of center and a mag 12.7 star 0.8' NE of center! Forms a wide interacting pair with IC 5053 7' SSW. Located 14' ESE of mag 8.2 HD 197828.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5054 = D.S. 695 on a plate taken on 26 Sep 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, vS, bet 2 F st." His position is 1' too far southwest, but there is no question on the identity.

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IC 5057

20 47 13.5 +00 19 19; Aqr

V = 14.5

24" (9/26/19): IC 5057 is a mag 14.5 star just off the west side of NGC 6962 (brightest in a group), 1.4' from the center.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5057 = Big. 436 on 27 Jul 1884. His position matches a single star on the west edge of NGC 6962.

2MASX J20470744+0018016, a faint galaxy 3' SW of NGC 6962, was misidentified as IC 5057 in the 1921 Helwan Observatory observations, based on photos taken in 1914-16. It was described as "vF, vS; a vF star 20" following."

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IC 5058 = NGC 6965 = MCG +00-53-004 = CGCG 374-016 = WBL 666-004 = PGC 65376

20 47 20.4 +00 29 00; Aqr

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4

18" (8/1/05): faintest of six in the NGC 6962 group. Appeared very faint, very small, round, 15"-20" diameter. At first I thought it had a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision, but with careful viewing this was a mag 15-15.5 star at the south edge. Located 1.3' N of a mag 13 star, on a line with two mag 14 stars a similar distance to the east and west. This galaxy is misidentified as NGC 6963 in most modern catalogues.

17.5" (7/16/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, broad concentration, barely visible continuously with direct vision. Located 10' N of NGC 6962 within a triangle of mag 13-14 stars including a mag 14 star 1.4' E and a mag 13 star 1.3' S. Faintest of six in NGC 6962 group. This galaxy is misidentified in the RNGC, UGC, MCG, CGCG as NGC 6963.

17.5" (8/31/86): very faint (requires averted), small, slightly elongated ~N-S, faint stellar nucleus.

13.1" (8/23/84): requires averted vision to confirm, similar to NGC 6961.

13.1" (7/27/84): extremely faint, very small, round. Located 10' N of NGC 6962 within a small equilateral triangle of faint stars.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5058 = Big. 438 (= NGC 6965) on 2 Oct 1891 and reobserved on 17 Oct 1897. He reported "this object once appeared rather diffuse and once quite stellar, is distinct from NGC 6963." His position applies to NGC 6965 (misidentified as NGC 6963 in many modern catalogues). Unfortunately the NGC position for 6965 is poor, leading to misidentifications in later catalogues. See NGC 6965.

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IC 5061

20 47 37.0 +00 20 09; Aqr

V = 14/14.5/14.5; Size 8"/16"

24" (9/25/19): at 375x; this number applies to 3 mag 14/14.5 stars that were easily resolved. The northern two stars form an 8" pair with the 3rd star 15" to the south. Located 4.6' E of NGC 6962.

Ralph Copeland discovered IC 5061 = Big. 439 in an observation of the NGC 6962 group on 28 Sep 1873. Part of his desription reads, "A pB, R, neb, gradually brighter in the middle in Pos 55.9°, Dist 236.1" from (1) [NGC 6964] has a * 13 np and another *13 sp, both in contact; possibly the whole is a triple *; definition very bad." His offset from NGC 6964 and description clearly applies to this triple star. Bigourdan "discovered" it again on 27 Jul 1884, called it a "small cluster in which there are several stars; the brightest seems accompanied by a little nebulosity", and measured an accurate position. Finally, Baron von Engelhardt observed it on 15 Aug 1887 and thought it was either a star with nebulosity or a double star.

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IC 5062

20 48 10.3 -08 21 36; Aqr

V = 15/15

17.5" (7/1/89): faint mag 15/15 double star at 10" separation. Situated 6' W of NGC 6968.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5062 = Big. 336 on 7 Oct 1891. His position lands on a double star.

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IC 5063 = ESO 187-023 = AM 2048-571 = PGC 65600

20 52 02.3 -57 04 08; Ind

V = 11.9; Size 2.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 116°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, large, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.1'. Sharply concentrated with a relatively large, very bright core. More abrupt light cutoff on the north side [probably due to its dust lane]. A mag 11.3 star is 3.3' N. Forms a pair with IC 5064 11' SSE. IC 5063 is a well studied Seyfert 2 galaxy and an infrared, X-ray, Radio and Gamma-ray source.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 5063 = F. 1214 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 13."

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IC 5064 = ESO 187-028 = PGC 65634

20 52 38.3 -57 13 57; Ind

V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 51°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~50"x30", contains a bright elongated core. Structure was intermittently visible in the halo with averted vision (perhaps spiral arms). Forms a pair with IC 5063 11' NNW.

Royal H. Frost discovered IC 5064 = F. 1215 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 13." (same as IC 5063)

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IC 5065 = ESO 463-030 = MCG -05-49-004 = AM 2048-300 = PGC 65580

20 51 45.8 -29 50 50; Mic

V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5

18" (7/11/10): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7x0.5, sharply concentrated with a small bright core. Situated just 4.1' SSE of a mag 7 star and best viewed with the star removed from the field.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5065 = Sw. 12-24 on 8 Sep 1897 and reported "vF, pS, R, 8m * in margin of field n." There is nothing at his position, but 1 min 30 seconds of time further east is ESO 463-030, which fits his description though the star would be well within the boundary of his 33' field. The comment about the 8th mag star was not copied into the IC. MCG doesn't label -05-49-004 as IC 5065.

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IC 5067 = IC 5068B = LBN 329

20 47 36 +42 54 12; Cyg

Size 42'x14'

18" (9/25/06): I viewed the IC 5068 complex using a 20mm Nagler (113x) with an OIII filter or UHC filter. To the northwest of IC 5068 is an obvious second large patch of nebulosity that is generally designated IC 5068B (though possibly equal to IC 5067). This piece is very large and elongated NW to SE, extending perhaps 40'x15'. It contains a bright circular 10' patch to the south of mag 8.2 SAO 50061. A broad river of faint nebulosity streams away towards the northwest from this brighter region.

Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 5067 visually, along with IC 5068 and 5070, on 7 Sep 1899 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector. He simply noted "faint" and there is nothing at his position, about 37' W of the neck of the Pelican Nebula (IC 5070).

Harold Corwin suggests that if Espin's declination was off by 1.5°, then IC 5067 corresponds with IC 5068B, described here. Espin's positions for IC 5068 and 5070 are good, so otherwise IC 5067 is lost without additional information, but Corwin notes that IC 5068B is the brightest nebula in the region that he might have picked up.

Gaze and Shajn discovered IC 5068B during an H-alpha survey at the Simeis Observatory in Crimea (then Russia) in the early 1950s. It was catalogued in the second discovery list (1951) as S[imeis] 85.

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IC 5068 = LBN 328 = Ced 183b

20 50 29 +42 29; Cyg

Size 30'

18" (9/25/06): IC 5068 is the second of three very large emission nebulae roughly one degree south of the southern end of the Pelican Nebula. At 113x and an OIII filter, this object appears very large, diffuse, irregular glow, roughly 25'x20'. It is noticeably brighter in a 12' circular region about 10' N of a mag 7.3 star (HD 198690) and a group of brighter stars that are near the southeast side of the nebula.

To the northwest is a second large patch of nebulosity, generally designated IC 5068B, though if Espin's declination was off by 1.5°, this may be IC 5067. This piece is very large and elongated NW to SE, extending perhaps 40'x15'. It contains a bright circular 10' patch to the south of a mag 8 star (SAO 50061). A broad river of faint nebulosity streams away towards the northwest from this brighter region.

To the east of IC 5068 is the least conspicuous section, dubbed IC 5068C. This detached piece extends 30'x15' (elongated E-W) and overall has a low surface brightness appearing as a hazy glow. A mag 6.7 star is at the southwest end and a mag 7 star is at the eastern edge.

Naked-eye (11/30/21): I viewed the region of the North American/Pelican Nebula through a handheld 1x image-intensifier monocular and 6nm H-alpha filter. Three distinct elongated patches (IC 5068/5068B and IC 5068C) were easily visible to the S and SE of the Pelican Nebula. IC 5068/5068B were connected and the larger of the glows.

Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 5068, along with IC 5070, visually on 7 Sep 1899 with a 17.25-inch Calver reflector at his Tow Law observatory in England. He simply noted "very faint", but his position is only 6' NW of center of this very large, parallelogram-shaped nebula, so the identification is fairly certain.

Discovered by Espin (AN 3633). Described simply as "very faint". The Pelican Nebula is also announced in this short list of 6 objects. His discovery position is 1 tmin W of the Sky Catalogue 2000.0 position!

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IC 5070 = Sh 2-117 = LBN 350 = Ced 183c = Pelican Nebula

20 50 48 +44 21; Cyg

Size 80'x70'

18" (7/17/07): The huge Pelican Nebula overfilled the 67' field in the 31 Nagler. The UHC filter gave a higher contrast than the OIII filter. Several brighter sections were noted on the close-up chart A1 in the U2000 atlas. One of the brightest pieces is the "neck" of the Pelican located 20'-25' W of mag 4.8 57 Cygni and collinear with two mag 8/9 stars 10' and 12' due west. The glow extends 10' in length. To the SW of the mag 4.8 star is the large "beak" section that streams from NW to SE and extends roughly 20'x8', widening a bit at the SE end. The west side of the beak is defined by a dark lane that parallels the nebulosity and the large, faint body of the Pelican is west of this lane and includes 5.1-magnitude 56 Cygni (the nebulosity is very weak here). The brightest section of the body is a large, circular patch at the south end, ~12' diameter, and located 30' SE of 56 Cygni and 55' S of the "neck".

18" (9/25/06): This was the first observation of the Pelican Nebula in quite awhile and I forgot about this huge, interesting emission nebula. The view was fascinating at 113x with an OIII or UHC filter as this object overfilled the 44' field. I started exploring to the west of 4.8-magnitude 57 Cygni. The brightest section is possibly on a line with this star and a mag 7.2 star further east and corresponds with the neck portion on the Pelican. This is where the ionization front is most evident on photographs. The elongated "beak" of the Pelican also begins to the west of the bright star and streams off in a wide river of nebulosity towards the southeast and passing out of the field. A long darker lane apparently free of nebulosity isolates the "neck" from the main body of the Pelican. The irregular body spreads out to the south of the neck well beyond the southern edge of the eyepiece field and extends at least 65' from the neck terminating at the SE end with a roundish bright patch of nebulosity ~12' in diameter. The Pelican is located directly west of the North American Nebula and part of the same huge complex of nebulosity in this region (separated by the dark cloud LDN 935).

13.1" (9/3/83): the entire body of the "Pelican" is easily visible at 62x and a UHC filter. The "head and neck" section is easy to view along with the fainter "bill" and a long body extending from head. Located west of the North America Nebula in a rich field between two mag 7 stars.

8" (6/22/81): faint, surrounding scattered group of stars at 50x and UHC filter. Appears as a bright patch to the west of two bright stars (neck section).

Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 5070, along with IC 5068, visually on 7 Sep 1899 with a 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector at his Tow Law observatory in England. The discovery was included in a short list of 6 new objects (including the Cocoon Nebula) in AN 3633 and noted as "faint and diffused". His position corresponds with the "neck" of the Pelican, the brightest part of the nebula, so the identification is certain.

Max Wolf photographed the region surrounding the North American Nebula on 1 Jun 1891 (AN 3048) on a 3 hour plate. He gives a general description of the region with no specific positions, though mentions strong nebulosity was recorded around the stars 56 and 57 Cygni, which are involved in the Pelican Nebula. So, certainly it was captured on his early image. Espin is credited with the discovery in the IC2, but Wolf should share credit.

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IC 5071 = ESO 047-019 = AM 2056-725 = PGC 65915

21 01 19.7 -72 38 34; Pav

V = 12.5; Size 3.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 17°

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright and large, very elongated 5:1 or 6:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.25', small brighter elongated core, low surface brightness outer extensions. Appears slightly brighter on the northern extension (perhaps a HII knot?). A mag 13.3 star is off the western flank of the northern end of the galaxy [0.9' from center] and a 25" pair of mag 13.2/14 stars is close northeast of the northern tip of the galaxy [2.1' from center]. Forms a pair with IC 5073 9.5' ESE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5071 = D.S. 699 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "cB, S, extremely elongated at 20°, stell N."

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IC 5073 = ESO 047-021 = PGC 65992

21 03 19.9 -72 41 16; Pav

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1

30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Using averted vision, a very low surface brightness halo [a pair of narrow spiral arms on DSS] doubled the diameter. Forms a wide pair with IC 5071 9.5' WNW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5073 = D.S. 701 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, S, R."

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IC 5076 = LBN 394 = Ced 185

20 55 54 +47 25; Cyg

Size 9'x6'

17.5" (10/24/92): fairly faint, fairly large, 4' diameter. Extends west of mag 5.7 SAO 50246. The vicinity is fairly rich in arcs of stars. The nebulosity is on the west side of a striking 5' group of stars that are centered on the bright star. Ten of the stars surrounding the mag 5.7 star form a semi-circle including a tight quadruple 2' SE. A scattered group of stars (h2091 = NGC 6991) is 10' WSW.

13.1" (8/25/84): fairly faint, extends generally west of the mag 5.7 star although the border is irregular.

8" (8/28/81): mag 6 star surrounded by very faint reflection nebula at low power using a Daystar 300 filter.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5076 on 13 Sep 1895 while taking a photograph of the "cluster" NGC 6991. The discovery was announced in MNRAS, 56, 33 (1895). He noted "it is about 6 1/2 minutes of arc in length from north to south, and 5 minutes of arc in breath from preceding to following, irregular in outline and with many stars, both bright and faint, involved or in alignment with it. The nebulosity has no regular structure and is of a fleecy character, the margins gradually fading into invisibility."

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IC 5078 = MCG -03-53-021 = UGCA 419 = PGC 65960

21 02 31.3 -16 49 06; Cap

V = 12.7; Size 4.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 85°

17.5" (8/11/96): very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 WSW-ENE, low surface brightness. The view is severely hampered by a mag 12 star superimposed on the SW side of the galaxy. The extension following the star is easier to view, but still requires attention and could easily be passed over. The galaxy is sandwiched between a mag 12 star 1' SE and a brighter mag 11 star 1' NW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5078 = DS 703 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "nebulous streak, nr middle * of 3, susp."

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IC 5082 = NGC 7010 = MCG -02-53-024 = PGC 66039

21 04 39.5 -12 20 18; Aqr

V = 13.5; Size 2.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 30°

17.5" (7/8/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, weakly concentrated.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5082 = Big. 440 on 27 Aug 1886. According to Harold Corwin, due to John Herschel's poor position for NGC 7010 (10' too far south), Bigourdan misidentified NGC 7010 with a star and rediscovered the galaxy at the correct position. Dreyer assumed Bigourdan's object was new, but IC 5082 = NGC 7010. MCG (-02-53-024) labels this galaxy as IC 5082 only.

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IC 5083 = CGCG 425-038 = PGC 66011

21 03 51.5 +11 45 49; Equ

Size 0.5'x0.5'

17.5" (11/25/00): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, faint but sharp stellar nucleus. Located 4' due west of mag 8.8 SAO 106811. Forms a close pair with a mag 14 star just following.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5083 = Sw. 11-203 on 12 Aug 1896 and reported "eeeF; vS; p[receding] 8m * 13s same parallel; wide D * near n[orth]; ee diff." His position is 5' too far northwest, but his detailed description is a perfect match. Swift gave the discovery date as 1897 in his large 11th list, but it must have been found in 1896 as reported in his first Lowe Observatory list in 1896 AJ, 17. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1898 or 1899 that was used in the IC2.

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IC 5086 = ESO 464-025 = MCG -05-50-002 = PGC 66179

21 08 32.0 -29 46 09; Mic

V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.6

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter. Evenly concentrated down to a faint stellar nucleus but there is no well-defined core region. Forms the west vertex of an isosceles triangle with two similar mag 12 stars 5.8' E and 4.0' NE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5086 = Sw. 11-204 on 15 Jul 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He wrote in his logbook, "1' S and 22' p a 8m star. 1/2' dia, R, indef, 12 1/2 mag. Not in NGC." His rough pointing position is 5' S of IC 5086 and the comment about the 8th mag star applies.

Lewis Swift possibly found this galaxy again on 15 Sep 1897 and recorded "eeF, pS, R, F * near f 90 degrees." His position is poor - 20' southwest of ESO 464-025, though other positions are notoriously poor during his last year at Lowe Observatory at age 77. Swift is credited with the discovery as Barnard didn't publish his discovery or inform Dreyer.

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IC 5090 = UGC 11691 = MCG +00-54-003 = CGCG 375-006 = WBL 669-003 = PGC 66299

21 11 30.5 -02 01 57; Aqr

V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 26°

17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.25', increases to a brighter core. Forms a pair with MCG +00-54-002 5.7' W. Located 7' N of mag 7.7 HD 201718.

Herbert Couper Wilson discovered IC 5090 visually on 8 Oct 1895 while searching for Comet Faye with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. He remarked, "the nebula is very faint, very small and round, with a rather sharp condensation, 12m or 13m, in the center. He measured an accurate micrometric position using the mag 7.7 star 7' S.

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IC 5092 = ESO 107-017 = LGG 443-005 = PGC 66452

21 16 14.5 -64 27 53; Pav

V = 12.1; Size 2.9'x2.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 8°

30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x; IC 5092 has an unusual appearance. It is moderately bright and large, containing a central bar oriented E-W surrounded by a large low surface brightness halo with a hint of spiral structure. Located 17' NW of mag 6.3 HD 202299 and 41' SE of NGC 7020, the brightest member of a small galaxy group (LGG 443).

Royal Frost discovered IC 5092 = F. 1217 on a plate taken on 19 Sep 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the Bruce 24" photographic refractor. The galaxy was described as "pL, E, mbM."

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IC 5104 = UGC 11731 = MCG +03-54-007 = PGC 66622

21 21 29.4 +21 14 28; Peg

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 173°

17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, fairly small, edge-on 6:1 N-S, 1.2'x0.2', no concentration. An unequal double star is 1.2' E and a brighter easy pair is 2.4' SSW. Located 4.6' S of mag 8.2 SAO 89645.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5104 = J. 3-1406 on 26 Oct 1897. His position was 2.6' too far south due to an error in the position of his reference star.

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IC 5105 = ESO 342-039 = MCG -07-44-001 = LGG 445-004 = PGC 66694

21 24 22.0 -40 32 16; Mic

V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°

13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, round, brighter core. Just visible continuously with direct vision.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5105 = Sw. 12-25 on 19 Aug 1897 and noted "vF, vS, R, * with dist. comp. n and s." His position is 5.4' too far south, but matches in RA. There are numerous stars around, so I don't know which stars he had in mind.

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IC 5110 = ESO 145-007 = AM 2126-601 = PGC 66878

21 30 43.4 -60 00 07; Ind

V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 49°

30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, 45" diameter, contains a bright elongated core that appears to be a bar, stellar nucleus. NGC 7059 lies 25' W.

Royal Frost discovered IC 5110 = F. 1219 on a plate taken on 19 Sep 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the Bruce 24" photographic refractor.

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IC 5114 = NGC 7091 = ESO 403-008 = MCG -06-47-007 = PGC 66972

21 34 07.6 -36 39 12; Gru

V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 86°

See observing notes for NGC 7091

Lewis Swift found IC 5114 = Sw. 11-206 on 9 Jul 1897 and wrote "eF; pS; R; e[xtremely] wide D * f[ollows] 30 s." There is nothing near his position, which is roughly 2 minutes of time west and 3.5' south of NGC 7091 (see for problems on its position). Swift's description applies to this galaxy, though, with the two stars (1.2' separation) rougly 30 seconds of time following. So, despite his poor position (very common in his last two lists), IC 5114 is likely NGC 7091.

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IC 5115 = CGCG 426-062 = CGCG 427-001 = PGC 66899

21 31 37.6 +11 49 54; Peg

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (7/28/19): at 322x; very similar view as previous described. Visible with direct vision and not difficult to hold continuously.

24" (10/6/18): fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. The galaxy forms a right angle with a mag 14 star 0.8' W and a mag 14.5 star 1.3' SSE. This compact CGCG is situated just 32' SE of the center of M15!

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5115 = Sw. 11-205 on 12 Sep 1896 and wrote, "eeF; vS; faint * near f; not [NGC]7068." There is nothing at his position but nearly 30 seconds of RA east is CGCG 426-060, and this galaxy is taken as IC 5115. Although a group of at least 8 stars is immediately west, there isn’t a faint star close east that would have drawn his attention. Secondly, I find it odd that NGC 7068 was mentioned in the description as it is located 1.2° NW, well outside of Swift's field of view. Finally, CGCG 426-060 has a very low surface brightness and was missed in my 24", I'm skeptical it was picked up by Swift.

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IC 5117 = PK 89-5.1 = PN G089.8-05.1

21 32 31.0 +44 35 48; Cyg

V = 11.5; Size 2.5"

8" (9/24/22): very nice appearance with the 8" mask. At 95x, the mag 11.5 PN forms a "double" with a brighter 10th mag star just 22" east. Adding a NPB filter yields a significant contrast gain and the PN appears noticeably brighter than the reference star, gaining well over 2 magnitudes in comparison. At 225x and 325x, IC 5117 displayed a blue-grey color, but was still virtually stellar.

14.5" (7/23/22): easily identified at 158x in a rich Milky Way star field by blinking with a narrowband NPB filter. At this power it was stellar (mag 11.5) but had a light blue color and formed a wide double with a relatively bright mag 10 star at 22" separation. Excellent contrast boost with the filter. Increasing to 660x, the planetary was just non-stellar [under 3"], particularly with averted vision, which showed a tiny halo better.

24" (8/8/21): identified at 200x as a blue "star" that forms a wide pair with a brighter mag 10 star close following [21" ENE]. Adding a UHC filter, IC 5117 appeared brighter than the star. A 12" pair of mag 13/14 stars is 40" N. At 260x, IC 5117 seemed soft and I noticed a faint star about 10" W of the mag 10 star (closer to the PN). At 375x, a very small blue disc, 2"-3", was resolved. Also viewed at 500x and 1000x as the seeing was excellent. IC 5117 is located 28' SE of mag 6.8 HD 204918.

18" (11/17/08): picked up at 175x in a rich star field by blinking with an OIII filter. Excellent contrast gain using the filter. Forms the fainter component (V = 11.5) of a "double star" with a mag 10 star 21" ENE, but with the filter the planetary dominates the star. Interestingly, there is similar double (Es 1339 = 10.8/11.5 at 24") in terms of separation and position angle ~3' NE! Without a filter at 175x, IC 5117 has a soft, bluish appearance. Using 450x, a very small 2" disc was clearly visible but it was too small to resolve any structure.

13.1" (8/7/85): appears as mag 11.5 "star" without a filter. Forms a 20" double with a mag 10 star just east. Using an OIII filter the planetary is brighter than the star by one magnitude (contrast gain of roughly 2.5 magnitudes).

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 5117 = Fleming 104 in 1905 while examining objective-prism photographs of the Henry Draper Memorial. She commmented "Bright lines. Gaseous Nebula" in the 1905 Harvard College Observatory Circular No. 98 ("Stars Having Peculiar Spectra") and noted "this object is exceedingly faint." Thomas Espin made several visual observations in 1911 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector and the "nebula was thought to show a tiny disc."

Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 5117 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch refractor."

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IC 5121 = NGC 7096 = ESO 107-046 = AM 2137-640 NED01 = PGC 67168

21 41 19.9 -63 54 29; Ind

V = 11.9; Size 2.0'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 130°

See observing notes for NGC 7096.

Royal Frost found IC 5121 = F. 1221 on an Arequipa plate taken 19 Sep 1903 and recorded "planetary, stellar, 13 magn." There is nothing at his postion but exactly 30' N is NGC 7096. NED, SIMBAD, Southern Galaxy Catalogue, and ESO equate IC 5121 with NGC 7096. Jenni Kay questions this identification (e-mail 20 Aug 1998 and in Deep Sky Observer #159 in 2012), as the description for IC 5121 doesn't seem appropriate. See Corwin's comments.

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IC 5122 = ESO 531-014 = PGC 67123

21 39 45.9 -22 24 23; Cap

V = 15.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 55°

18" (8/9/10): extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter, requires averted vision. Located 4' NNW of NGC 7103, the brightest galaxy in cluster ACO S963. IC 5122 is collinear with a mag 14 star 2' ENE and a mag 13.3 star 4.7' ENE.

18" (8/11/07): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter, requires averted vision. Located 4.2' NNW of NGC 7103 in cluster ACO S963.

17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, very small, round, cannot hold steadily with averted. Faintest of four in ACO S963 and forms the west vertex of an equilateral triangle with NGC 7103 4.2' SSE and NGC 7104 4.2' ESE. IC 1393 lies 6.5' E.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5122 = Ho. II-13 on 17 Sep 1898 and noted "vF, eS. Near [NGC] 7103 and 7104." He added a note "No. 13 is in the same field with 7103, 7104, and [IC 5124]. These five objects have all been seen in one night". MCG misidentifies -04-51-006 as being IC 5122 instead of NGC 7103. This error is repeated in the PGC, NED and HyperLeda.

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IC 5125 = ESO 188-016 = AM 2139-525 NED1 = PGC 67187

21 41 50.2 -52 46 25; Ind

V = 13.4; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5

25" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak concentration. NGC 7106 lies 8.3' NE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5125 = DS 723 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, eS, R, bM."

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IC 5127 = NGC 7102 = UGC 11786 = MCG +01-55-008 = CGCG 402-013 = PGC 67120

21 39 44.7 +06 17 10; Peg

V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 153°

See observing notes for NGC 7102.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5127 = Big. 338 on 27 Oct 1894. There is nothing at his position. But Harold Corwin and Courtney Seligman re-reduced his position based on an accurate coordinates of his offset star (BD+5 4837). The resulting position is just 5 seconds of RA east of NGC 7102, resulting in IC 5127 = NGC 7102. But, Corwin mentions that "he dates his three measurements to the same night on which he made three measurements of NGC 7102 (these reduce to the correct position)." So, this requires Bigourdan to have measured the same object twice, once assuming it was new.

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IC 5131 = ESO 403-027 = MCG -06-47-014 = PGC 67352

21 47 25.3 -34 53 01; PsA

V = 12.3; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9

17.5" (7/16/93): fairly faint, small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Situated at the midpoint on a line connecting two stars mag 13.5 and 14.5 separation 3.0' oriented SW-NE. 1st of 3 with NGC 7130 11' SE and NGC 7135 29' E.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5131 = Sw. 11-207, along with IC 5135 = NGC 7130, on 17 Sep 1897 and noted "vF; vS; R." His position is 5.4' too far southwest, roughly the same offset as XI-208 = IC 5135 and XI-209 = NGC 7135. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position (given in the IC2) in 1898-99.

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IC 5132 = Bernes 41

21 42 40.3 +66 10 07; Cep

Size 1'

18" (10/29/11): faint, small glow surrounding a mag 12 star about 4' NNW of the main section of NGC 7129. IC 5133, a slightly fainter glow and central star lies 1' NE.

17.5" (10/17/98): IC 5132 and IC 5133 refers to faint nebulosity surrounding a pair of mag 12 stars at 1' separation situated ~5' NNW of NGC 7129 (same complex of reflection nebulae). It was difficult to verify with certainty as the background sky around six stars arranged in two parallel rows each ~2' in length appears to be weakly glowing. IC 5132 and 5133 are surrounding the two stars closest to NGC 7129 and the background glow does appear very slightly enhanced around these stars.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5132 and 5133 on a photograph taken 25 Sep 1895 of NGC 7129. He noted "there are three stars, each about 13th magnitude, surrounded by very faint nebulosity in the positions following, measured from the centre of the tristellar nucleus of the nebula: (1) 358" north following; (2) 326" north preceding; (3) 277" north preceding. The stars Nos. 2 and 3 are not referred to in Dr. Dreyer's catalogues, and the measurements given above are approximate." His offsets identify the two stars given here, although Dreyer's positions are offset to the southwest. Roberts' first object didn't make it into the IC as Dreyer apparently thought it was identical to NGC 7133.

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IC 5133 = Bernes 41

21 42 47.1 +66 10 51; Cep

Size 1'

18" (10/29/11): very faint, small glow surrounding a mag 12 star about 5' NNW of the main section of NGC 7129. IC 5132, a slightly brighter glow and central star lies 1' SW.

17.5" (10/17/98): IC 5132/5133 are very weak nebulae surrounding mag 12 stars ~5' NNW.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5133 and 5132 on a photograph taken 25 Sep 1895 of NGC 7129. See comments for IC 5132.

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IC 5134 = NGC 7129 = LBN 497 = Ced 196

21 42 58.6 +66 06 10; Cep

See observing notes for NGC 7129.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5134 = Big. 339 on 15 Oct 1895 and noted "star, which appears accompanied by nebulosity located especially opposite 7129." His position and description clearly applies to the nebulosity around the brightest southern star, as he thought NGC 7129 only applied to one of the northern patches. So, IC 5134 is technically part of NGC 7129.

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IC 5135 = NGC 7130 = ESO 403-032 = AM 2145-351 = LGG 445-017 = PGC 67387

21 48 19.5 -34 57 06; PsA

V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.7

17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, round, ~1.5' diameter. Well concentrated with a prominent core and much fainter halo. NGC 7135 lies 19' ENE.

17.5" (7/16/93): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~N-S, large bright core. Appears to have a knot or star superimposed at the north edge. Second of three with NGC 7135 19' ENE and IC 5131 11' NW.

13.1" (8/5/83): faint, small, round, NGC 7135 in field 19' ENE.

Lewis Swift found IC 5135 = Sw. 11-208 on 17 Sep 1897 and reported "vF; pL; R; sp of 2 [with Sw. 11-209 = NGC 7135]; not 7130 or 7135." His position is 4.5' SW of NGC 7130 (John Herschel made a 30' error in declination), close enough that Howe was able to find it in 1898-99 and measure an accurate position (used in the IC 2). It's unclear what Swift assumed to be NGC 7130.

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IC 5136 = NGC 7135 = ESO 403-035 = MCG -06-48-001 = AM 2146-350 = PGC 67425

21 49 45.6 -34 52 33; PsA

V = 11.7; Size 3.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 47°

See observing notes for NGC 7135.

Lewis Swift found IC 5136 = Sw. 12-27 on 15 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF, S, R, wide D * points to it, sev pB st sf and np." There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests that Swift found NGC 7135, which is 1.2° south of his position and 1 minute of RA east. I don't see what stars he had in mind, though, for the "wide D *" that points to the galaxy. He found the galaxy again just 2 nights later and reported Sw. 11-209 as "eeF; pL; R; 3 B st form a triangle; nf of 2 [with IC 5135 = NGC 7130]." Herbert Howe reexamined the field in 1899 and realized Swift's #209 was identical to NGC 7135, so Dreyer didn't assign another IC desigation.

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IC 5139 = ESO 466-011 = MCG -05-51-017 = PGC 67447

21 50 25.6 -30 59 41; PsA

V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', weakly concentrated. A faint star appears is attached at the NE end (just visible on DSS).

17.5" (7/25/95): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', fairly high surface brightness, broad concentration to a brighter core. There appears to be an extremely faint star or knot at the NE end. Bracketed by two mag 14.5 stars 2' NE and two similar stars 2' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5139 = Sw. 12-28 on 18 Aug 1897 and noted "vF, S, lE." His RA is 16 seconds too large, actually a fairly close match considering his very poor positions during his last summer of observing.

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IC 5143 = NGC 7155 = ESO 237-016 = LGG 448-003 = PGC 67663

21 56 09.7 -49 31 19; Ind

V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 4°

See observing notes for NGC 7155.

Lewis Swift found IC 5143 = Sw. 11-210 on 17 Sep 1897 and logged "eeF; pS; R; in line with 2 9m st[ars]." There is nothing at his position, but 28' S is NGC 7155 and Harold Corwin comments that Swift's description of the two 9th mag stars clinches the identification. So, IC 5143 = NGC 7155. There's confusion on the observation date; his second discovery list at Lowe Observatory (in Popular Astronomy) gives 27 Sep, but his large 11th list states September 17th. This galaxy is the most southerly that he recorded.

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IC 5144 = CGCG 427-039 = WBL 674-001 = PGC 1473533

21 54 09.5 +15 02 13; Peg

V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (8/12/15): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter. A mag 15 star is just 24" SE of center. Easily picked up, though not plotted as a "star" on the Megastar chart.

CGCG 427-040, just 2.7' ENE, appeared extremely to very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. CGCG 427-040 is misidentified as IC 5144 in MCG, PGC and HyperLeda. UGC 11845 lies 4.6' ESE. This difficult edge-on (B = 16.1) appeared extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~20"x10", very low surface brightness! A mag 13 star lies 1.3' SE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5144, along with IC 5145, on 30 Jul 1888 and described in his notebook, "1 outer radius + 1 thickness [of Ring micrometer] = 7' 17" south and 17 seconds +/- preceding this nebula [IC 5145] is a small faint neb close preceding several small stars." Dreyer was notified privately of both of these discoveries. Very close to Barnard's offset from IC 5145 is the brightest galaxy of 4 within 3', which matches his description. MCG, PGC, and HyperLeda (as of late 2015) misidentify CGCG 427-040 as IC 5144 (though has an uncertain symbol). See Harold Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 5145 = UGC 11844 = MCG +02-55-028 = CGCG 427-041 = WBL 674-003 = PGC 67619

21 54 23.1 +15 09 25; Peg

V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 171°

24" (8/12/15): at 375x; moderately bright, elongated 5:3 ~N-S, 40"x24", contains a brighter, elongated core. A mag 14.5 star is 1.2' S. Brightest in a group (WBL 674) with IC 5144 8' SSW, CGCG 427-040 6.8' S and UGC 11845 8.5' SSE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5145, along with IC 5144, on 30 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found after comet-seeking "in the field and s.p. an 8th magnitude star [mag 7.7 HD 208277]." He notified Dreyer directly, so no discovery announcement was published before the IC was published. His position is 4.3' too far northwest, but shares the same offset with IC 5144.

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IC 5146 = Ced 198 = LBN 424 = Cr 470 = Sh 2-125 = Cocoon Nebula

21 53 24 +47 16; Cyg

Size 12'x12'

17.5" (8/8/91): at 82x using an H-Beta filter, the Cocoon Nebula appears fairly bright, very large, about 10' diameter. Surrounds six stars including mag 9.7 BD+46 3474 at the center and similar BD+46 3475 at the south edge. Has an irregular round shape with a very uneven surface brightness with dark mottling and brighter regions. The nebula is quite prominent using an H-Beta filter, which gives an excellent contrast gain (higher than OIII). The nebulous glow is superimposed on a scattered star group and is situated at the east end of long dark lane = B168 which extends 1° WNW! (excellent in binoculars). There is a distinctive edge to the Milky Way on the north edge of lane.

8" (8/12/83, Mt. Hamilton): about 20 stars over a very faint "milky" region, fairly large, just slightly higher contrast than Milky Way background. A short arc of stars is off the west edge. A long starless dark lane extends west. Two bright stars oriented N-S are just east.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5146 = Cocoon Nebula on a photograph taken 11 Oct 1893 using the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. Max Wolf also photographed the field on 28 Jul 1894 with the 6-inch camera at Königstuhl. Wolf announced his discovery with a photograph taken on 10 Jul 1904 and discussed the dark lane (Barnard 168) and nebulosity in detail in his paper "Remarkable nebula in Cygnus" (MNRAS, 64, 838,1904).

Mary Clerke, who was in correspondence with Wolf at the time, includes Wolf's 1904 photograph (plate XX) in her second edition (1905) of "The System of the Stars". She labeled the photograph "The Cocoon Nebula in Cygnus" and writes (p. 352) "The depicted nebula, which had been discovered ten years previously, is about 10' in diameter, of a round shape, and a complex structure. "It is placed centrally," Dr. Wolf writes, "in a very fine lacuna void of faint stars, which surrounds the luminous cloud like a trench." Moreover, this negative "halo forms the end of a long channel, running eastward from the western nebulous clouds and their lucanae, to a length of more the two degrees." The coexistence in the same sidereal district of nebulae and stars could not well be asserted with stronger emphasis than by clearly of a dark fosse for the accommodation of the cocoon-like object in Plate XX." I tracked down the nickname after a discussion on AMASTRO in August 2015.

The Reverend Thomas Espin discovered the nebula visually on 13 Aug 1899 and described object #6 in AN [3633] 152, 141 as a "large, faint glow about 8', well seen each night [2]." Espin and Wolf is credited with the discovery in the IC.

Dave Riddle notes that B168 could apply to both the bright nebula and the associated dark lane. Barnard refers to a "small nebula at the E end of dark lane. This nebula is 10' in diameter with over a dozen stars of different magnitudes in it. There is no central condensation, nor does the nebula condense about any of the stars. There are some dark markings in it. The dark lane is 1.7 degrees long and 9' wide."

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IC 5148 = IC 5150 = PK 2-52.1 = ESO 344-5 = PN G002.7-52.4 = Spare Tyre Nebula

21 59 35.1 -39 23 08; Gru

V = 11.0; Size 120"

48" (10/23/14): beautiful, large annular planetary at 375x, round, roughly 2' diameter, with a relatively thick annulus and a 30" central dark hole. Contains an obvious central star, which seemed quite easy for mag 16.3-16.5. The annulus appeared mottled and irregular in brightness. A 60° arc along the NW portion of the annulus is slightly brighter and a 90° arc from SE to NE is much brighter and a little thicker. A mag 10.5 star is off the SSW side (1.9' from center), but no superimposed stars were seen.

18" (8/30/08): viewed from Lake Sonoma at a very low elevation, though in a dark portion of the southern sky. Beautiful view at 115x using an OIII filter as a 2' annular ring with a relatively thick rim and 30" central hole. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW side (1.8' from the center).

18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC filter, this beautiful planetary appears as a large round ring, nearly 2' diameter, with a bright, thick annulus that is irregularly lit. The rim is slightly brighter and thicker along the SE side and also appeared slightly enhanced on the NW side. The central hole appears 25"-30" diameter and is dark except for a central star that was intermittently visible with averted vision at 228x unfiltered, although the catalogued magnitude is 16.5! Good contrast enhancement with a UHC filter. A mag 10.5 is off the SSW side, 1.8' from the center.

17.5" (10/30/99): Even at -39° declination, this moderately large planetary is a beautiful annular ring at 100x with an OIII filter. Appears round, ~100" diameter, the annulus has an irregular surface brightness. The central "hole" is perhaps 25" in diameter and fairly dark. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW edge.

17.5" (8/20/88): perfect annular 2' ring visible at 82x using an OIII filter. A mag 10.5 star is just off the SSW edge 1.8' from the center. The ring-shape is clearly visible with direct vision.

17.5" (7/22/87): beautiful ring at 140x with an OIII filter. Appears fairly large, fairly bright with a mag 11 star off the S edge.

13.1" (8/17/85): fairly faint with OIII at 79x, fairly large. Appears clearly annular with averted vision. The central hole is possibly elongated N-S. A mag 11 star is off the S edge.

Lewis Swift found IC 5148 = Sw. 12-29 on 23 Jul 1897 on Echo Mountain in Southern California. He described it as "vF, L, lE, 2 B st point to it, nearest in contact." Swift's position was 30 seconds of RA too small.

This relatively bright PN was discovered previously by the prominent Australian amateur Walter Gale on 4 Jun 1894 with the 8.5-inch refractor at the Sydney Observatory. Gale's discovery was announced in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association and assigned IC 5150 by Dreyer (see that number for more). By priority, the primary designation should be IC 5150, although it is generally known as IC 5148 or IC 5148-50.

In the Jun 1986 Sky & Telescope, Dennis di Cicco described it as "... a real showpiece... With 280X and a UHC-filter, the 24" in Hawaii showed IC 5148 to be an exquisite giant ring, irregular with a dark centre and a 15.5 central star. Steve Gottieb of Berkeley California, observed it with a 13"-reflector and an O-III filter. He could view the nebula with direct vision and detect the dark centre with averted vision."

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IC 5149 = ESO 466-027 = MCG -05-51-033 = PGC 67770

21 58 59.0 -27 24 50; PsA

V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 33°

24" (9/6/18): fairly faint, elongated ~5:2 SW-NE, ~50"x20". Contains a bright, round core. The galaxy is nearly colllinear with a mag 11.4 star 2.2' NW and a mag 13 star is 3.7' NW. ESO 466-024, situated 11' WNW, appeared moderately bright (somewhat brighter than IC 5149), slightly elongated, ~40"x30", a strong bright core seems offset towards the north side. A mag 14.7 star is 0.8' S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5149 = Sw. 12-30 on 8 Sep 1897 and reported "eF, S, R, 6 1/2 mag * same parallel follows 63s." His position is 4' too far northwest but his comment of a bright star 63 seconds of RA to the east clinches the identification. I'm surprised he missed ESO 466-024, which was in his same eyepiece field.

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IC 5150 = IC 5148 = PK 2-52.1 = ESO 344-5 = PN G002.7-52.4 = Spare Tyre Nebula

21 59 35.1 -39 23 08; Gru

V = 11.0; Size 120"

48" (10/23/14): beautiful, large annular planetary at 375x, round, roughly 2' diameter, with a relatively thick annulus and a 30" central dark hole. Contains a very easy central star, which seemed brighter than mag 16.5. The annulus was mottled and irregular in brightness. A 60° arc along the NW portion of the annulus was slightly brighter and a 90° arc from SE to NE was much brighter and a little thicker. A mag 10.5 star is off the SSW side (1.9' from center), but there are no superimposed stars.

18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC filter, this beautiful planetary appears as a large round ring, nearly 2' diameter, with a bright, thick annulus that is irregularly lit. The rim is slightly brighter and thicker along the SE side and also appeared slightly enhanced on the NW side. The central hole appears 25"-30" diameter and is dark except for a central star that was intermittently visible with averted vision at 228x unfiltered, although it is listed with a magnitude of 16.5! Good contrast enhancement with a UHC filter. A mag 10.5 is off the SSW side, 1.8' from the center.

17.5" (8/20/88): perfect annular 2' ring visible at 82x using an OIII filter. A mag 10.5 star is just off the SSW edge 1.8' from the center. The ring-shape is clearly visible with direct vision.

17.5" (7/22/87): beautiful ring at 140x with an OIII filter. Appears fairly large, fairly bright with a mag 11 star off the south edge.

13.1" (8/17/85): fairly faint with OIII at 79x, fairly large. Appears clearly annular with averted vision. The central hole is possibly elongated N-S. A mag 11 star is off the south edge. Similar view on 7/20/85.

Walter Gale, a prominent Australian amateur from Sydney, discovered IC 5150 on 4 Jun 1894 with his 8.5-inch With reflector at Paddington. The discovery was reported in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol VI, No. 5 (p 218) in 1895. He described it as just visible in a 6-inch reflector and a 5-inch refractor. Using his new 10-inch reflector, he carefully estimated the size as 45"x35" N-S, with the central vacancy less than half the diameter and not entirely dark. He also commented it was remarkable that such a relatively bright object was overlooked by John Herschel. Gale notified Pietro Baracchi, who observed it with the 48-inch Great Melbourne Telescope and called it "...ring nebula, almost circular, 1.5' +/- in diameter; the center is not completely free of nebulosity."

Lewis Swift independently found this planetary on 23 July 1897 on Echo Mountain in southern California and recorded Sw. 12-29 (later IC 5148) as "vF, L, lE, 2 B st point to it, nearest in contact." Swift's position was 30 seconds of RA too small. By priority, the proper designation should be IC 5150 (from Gale), although it is generally known as IC 5148 or IC 5148-50.

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IC 5152 = ESO 237-027 = AM 2159-513 = PGC 67908

22 02 41.9 -51 17 44; Ind

V = 10.6; Size 5.2'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 100°

11" (8/8/04 - Haleakala Crater): at 127x appeared moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, roughly 2.5'x1.3', broad weak concentration to a slightly brighter core. A 7.7-magnitude star (HD 209142) is superimposed just north of the west end of the galaxy and somewhat hinders the view. With averted vision the glow appears to extend slightly west of the bright star and the core is just a small brightening to the east of the star.

18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this nearby Irregular galaxy (probably just outside the Local Group) was viewed at 171x and 228x. It appeared bright, large, elongated 2:1 ~WNW-ESE, ~3'x1.5'. A mag 7.9 star (HD 209142) is perched on the NW end and detracts from viewing. It's very surprising that John Herschel missed this galaxy as it is quite large and relatively prominent. Gradually concentrated to a brighter 45" core.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5152 = DS 732 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, cL, considerably elongated at 150°, considerably brighter middle." This galaxy is often listed as a Local Group member though is likely outside the Local Group.

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IC 5156 = ESO 404-025 = MCG -06-48-019 = LGG 450-012 = PGC 67932

22 03 14.9 -33 50 18; PsA

V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 175°

18" (7/21/04): fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 1.4'x0.5', brighter core and fairly easy stellar nucleus. A wide pair of mag 12/13 stars lies 7'-8' E. Forms a pair with ESO 404-023 situated 7' WNW. Also ESO 404-019 lies 23' WSW.

13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, weakly concentrated.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5156 = Sw. 12-32 on 16 Oct 1897 and reported "pF, pS, R, in vacancy." His position is just 2' too far north, unusually accurate for his last summer of observing at age 77.

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IC 5157 = ESO 404-026 = MCG -06-48-020 = PGC 67941

22 03 27.0 -34 56 31; PsA

V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4

17.5" (9/23/95): fairly faint but surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy at a fairly low elevation. Appears round, 1.2' diameter, even concentration to a small bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. Precedes a line (5' length) of three equally spaced mag 12-13 stars with the closest 2.6' NE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5157 = Sw. 12-31 = D.S. 735 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "pB, pS; R; 3 st in line nr nf." His RA was 30 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on his description of the 3 stars. DeLisle Stewart also found it on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in 1899 and measured a more accurate position (used in the IC2).

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IC 5160 = UGC 11884 = CGCG 428-018 = PGC 67929

22 03 04.8 +10 55 29; Peg

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 21°

18" (8/8/10): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~27"x20". Exhibits a weak, even concentration to the center but no core or zones. Located 16' E of mag 6.4 HD 209288 and 16' S of NGC 7190. Roughly 6' S is NGC 7193, a distinctive asterism of a dozen mag 11-12 stars (considered an open cluster remnant) that is very elongated NW to SE, extending ~6'x1'.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5160 = J. 3-1412 on 15 Oct 1903 and measured an accurate position. UGC reverses the declinations of IC 5160 and NGC 7190. NED comments that "often incorrectly called NGC 7190; that is UGC 11885."

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IC 5168 = HCG 91B = ESO 467-015 = MCG -05-52-039 = PGC 68164

22 09 16.3 -27 43 50; PsA

V = 14.8; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 168°

24" (8/1/19): at 260x; faint, moderately large, extremely thin edge-on, nearly 10:1 NNW-SSE, ~0.9'x0.1', can hold steadily with averted. Forms an equilateral triangle with two mag 14.5/14.8 stars 1.7' NE and ESE. Located 5' NNE of NGC 7214 and faintest in the HCG 91 quartet. Modern catalogues identify ESO 467-011 as IC 5168.

ESO 467-011, located 5.6' SW of NGC 7214, was a threshold object and popped a couple of times at 220x as a thin edge-on, ~5:1 NW-SE.

18" (9/3/05): extremely faint, small, thin edge-on streak NNW-SSE, 0.4'x0.1'. Only visible when the seeing settled down.

17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, small, edge-on NNW-SSE, can just hold steadily with averted. Located 5.1' NNE of NGC 7214 in HCG 91.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5168 = Sw. 11-211 on 31 Aug 1897 and reported in his 11th discovery list, "eeF; vS; vE; [right] ∆ with 2 F st." In his earlier third discovery list from Lowe, he also noted the 2 faint stars were near south-following. His position falls near the southeast tip of ESO 467-011, a faint edge-on, which all sources (ESO, MCG, PGC, NED, HyperLEDA, SIMBAD) take as IC 5168 based on the very good positional match. But there aren't two faint stars close southeast matching his description or in any other direction that he likely would have seen. Instead, in Aug 2019 I proposed to Harold Corwin that ESO 465-015 = HCG 91B, about 10' NE of Swift's position, was a better candidate. This galaxy is a brighter edge-on with two mag 14.5 stars less than 2' NE and SE forming an equilateral triangle. He agrees with this identification.

ESO 467-011 was found on a plate taken between 1914-1916 with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory. It was reported as #242 in a list of 256 new nebulae published in 1921 and described as "pF, 1' long, spindle, mE 170°, little brighter in the middle."

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IC 5169 = ESO 404-036 = MCG -06-48-025 = PGC 68198

22 10 10.0 -36 05 19; PsA

V = 12.7; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 22°

24" (9/7/18): fairly faint, fairly large, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, lens shaped, 1.2'x0.3', contains a brighter bulging core (Seyfert 2 galaxy). Mag 8.8 HD 210321 is 7' NNE and mag 7.4 HD 210142 (very wide unequal companion) is 14' WNW.

Deslisle Stewart discovered IC 5169 = D.S. 737 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He described it as "eF, eS, stell N, spir or oval".

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IC 5171 = ESO 288-046 = PGC 68223

22 10 56.7 -46 04 53; Gru

V = 12.6; Size 3.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 158°

30" (10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x0.4'. The northwest end of the galaxy seems fainter than the southeast, or perhaps the dimmer outer portion extends further. A mag 12.3 star is 2' SE and two additional mag 12.5 and 13.5 stars are 4' and 5' SE, respectively. IC 5181 lies 25' ENE.

Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5171 visually in 1900 while searching for Brorsen's Comet with the 18-inch f/15 Grubb refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. His RA is nearly 30 seconds too large, but the identification is certain.

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IC 5175 = ESO 344-014 = PGC 68296

22 12 48.2 -38 07 39; Gru

V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 94°

24" (10/1/16): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 24"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.4 star is 50" SW. Forms an interacting pair with IC 5174 at 2.6' SSW, but the companion was not picked up.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5175 = DS 739, along with IC 5174, on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."

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IC 5176 = ESO 108-020 = FGCE 1717 = RFGC 3908 = PGC 68389

22 14 52.9 -66 51 28; Tuc

V = 12.5; Size 4.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 29°

25" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 318x; excellent narrow edge-on ~10:1 SSW-NNE! Contains a large, bright, very elongated core that bulges very slightly near the center. The extensions taper near the tips, reaching a size of ~2.5'x0.25'.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5176 = DS 741 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "vF, S, extremely elongated at 30°, * n[orth]." The position angle is erroneously stated as 151° (supplement of 29°) in the PGC and RC3.

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IC 5178 = ESO 532-031 = MCG -04-52-022 = PGC 68287

22 12 33.4 -22 57 15; Aqr

V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 90°

24" (10/2/21): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, diffuse, ~0.6' diameter (slightly larger than NGC 7220, which is 14' W). The surface brightness is low and nearly even, with a weak concentration. An extremely faint star is at the S edge.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5178 on 20 Oct 1897 with the 20" Clark refractor in Denver. He noted that it followed NGC 7220 by 63 seconds of time.

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IC 5179 = IC 5183 = IC 5184 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455

22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru

V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°

17.5" (9/23/95): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 2.0'x1.0', broad concentration to a large brighter core. Unusually bright for an IC galaxy. Forms the north vertex of a triangle with a mag 10 star 4.6' SW and a mag 11 star 5.8' SSE.

Lewis Swift found IC 5179 = Sw. 12-33 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "vF, L, R, * close S, B * sp". There is nothing at his position but 3 minutes of time further east is IC 5184, which Swift discovered just a week earlier and which also has a poor RA (off by 40 seconds). In addition, IC 5183 is a third "discovery" by Swift just two months later. This happened during his last year at observing at Lowe Observatory when numerous errors occurred in descriptions and positions. So, IC 5179 = IC 5183 = IC 5184. See IC 5184 for more.

This galaxy was correctly identified in the Helwan Observatory Bulletin for 1935, despite the very poor position, and described as "1.5'x0.5', E 65°, spiral of the "S" type, with pF central region 1'x 0.25', lE 40°, no nucleus, very little absorption and condensation on the preceding side."

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IC 5180 = UGC 11938 = MCG +06-48-012 = CGCG 513-011 = PGC 68234

22 11 12.0 +38 55 37; Lac

V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1

17.5" (7/30/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, gradually increases to a very small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located in a rich star field. Brighter of a pair with MCG +06-48-014 3.2' SE. NGC 7227 lies 13' SSE.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5180 = Big. 345 on 21 Sep 1890. His position is accurate. MCG doesn't label +06-48-012 as IC 5180.

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IC 5181 = ESO 289-001 = LGG 455-001 = PGC 68317

22 13 21.7 -46 01 03; Gru

V = 11.5; Size 2.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 74°

30" (10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; very bright, large, very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.5', narrow lens shape, sharply concentrated with a small, intense core. NGC 7232A lies 8.2' NNE and IC 5171 is 25' WSW. IC 5181 is a member of the NGC 7213 group, which includes NGC 7232, 7233 and IC 5170, among others.

NGC 7232A appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly large. thin edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE, 1.6'x0.3', weakly concentrated with no defined core. A mag 8.5 star (HD 210796) lies just 2.4' SE, nearly along the direction of the major axis, and detracts a bit from viewing. In addition, mag 7.7 HD 210795 is also in the field 5.6' NNE!

13.1" (8/11/85 and 8/18/85): at 166x; moderately bright, elongated spiral with bulging brighter core and fainter extensions SW-NE. Located 14' SSW of mag 7.6 SAO 231040 and 8.6' SW of mag 8.5 SAO 231041. Surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy and easily visible for so low an elevation from Northern California.

Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5181 visually around 1900, during a search for Brorsen's Comet with the 18-inch f/15 Grubb refractor at the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. IC 5181 is generally attached to ESO 289-001 = PGC 68317, though Lunt's RA is nearly 1 minute greater and his declination 7' further north, closer to fainter NGC 7232A. But since PGC 68317 is much brighter, the identification is probably more likely. This galaxy was found again on Bruce plates taken from Arequipa, Peru and reported as new in the list of 1659 nebulae published in Volume 72 of the Annals of the Harvard College Observatory (1913).

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IC 5183 = IC 5179 = IC 5184 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455

22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru

V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°

See observing notes for NGC 5179.

See IC 5179.

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IC 5184 = IC 5179 = IC 5183 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455

22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru

V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°

See observing notes for NGC 5179.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5184 = Sw. 12-35 on 19 Jul 1897 and recorded "pF, pS, lE, bet 2 st in meridian, 8 1/2m star sp, np of 2 [with IC 5186]." His RA was 40 seconds of time too small, but he clearly observed ESO 405-005 based on his detailed description. Swift found this galaxy again just a week later and recorded Sw. 12-33 (later IC 5179) as "vF, L, R, * close S, B * sp", but his RA was 3 minutes too small. Finally, he "rediscovered" this galaxy two months later on 20 Sep 1897 and described Sw. 12-34 (later IC 5183) as "pB, C, [sic] S, F * in contact sf, sev pB st form segment of large circle." On the third observation his declination was 1° too far north. So, IC 5179 = IC 5183 = IC 5184, all announced in his 12th (and last) discovery paper. DeLisle Stewart also found it on a Harvard plate at Arequipa and reported "cB, S, considerably elongated at 40°, Spiral?" He mistakenly assumed it was Sw. 12-36 = IC 5186, as Swift's position coincidentally matches this galaxy, otherwise it might have a fourth designation.

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IC 5186 = ESO 405-007 = MCG -06-49-001 = PGC 68548

22 18 46.5 -36 48 06; Gru

V = 11.9; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 112°

17.5" (7/20/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, broad concentration. Located 1.7' E of a mag 12 star (appeared mag 13). The outer halo (not seen) changes orientation of the major axis.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5186 = Sw. 12-36 on 19 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF, S, R, F * nr p[receding], 8m * np, sf of 2 [with IC 5184]." His position is a close match with IC 5179 = IC 5183 = IC 5184, but his description doesn't match the surrounding star field. ESO 405-007 is 2.5 minutes of RA east and 2.5' north of Swift's position but a much better fit in description. Swift's positions were generally very poor in his last two lists, so the large discrepancy in RA is not unusual. DeLisle Stewart is also credited in the IC, but he picked up IC 5179 on a Harvard plate taken at Arequipa in 1899.

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IC 5191 = UGC 11963 = MCG +06-48-021 = CGCG 513-020 = WBL 679-001 = PGC 68399

22 15 02.5 +37 18 01; Lac

Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 67°

24" (8/13/15): first in the NGC 7242 group. At 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated up to 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~30"x6". Located 7.4' due west of NGC 7242 in a rich star field with a mag 11.5 star 1.6' ENE.

17.5" (7/15/93): first of 7 in the NGC 7242 group. Very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE. Located near the intersection of two collinear rays of stars. A mag 11 star is 1.7' NE at the intersection point. Located 7.4' W of NGC 7242.

17.5" (7/28/92): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE. A mag 11 star is 1.5' NE. First in the NGC 7242 group and second brightest in a group with NGC 7240 3.5' ESE, IC 1441 3' E and NGC 7242 7' E.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5191, along with IC 5192 and IC 5193, on 5 Dec 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His very accurate discovery sketch (reproduced from his notebook in AN #4136) matches UGC 11963. He called it the second brightest and largest of 6 in the group. He computed the position for the brightest member (NGC 7242), though was uncertain if it was NGC 7242 or 7240. MCG misidentifies IC 5191 as IC 1441. UGC (11963) and CGCG (513-020) don't identify their catalogue entries as IC 5191. See Corwin's notes.

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IC 5192 = MCG +06-48-022 = PGC 68407

22 15 14.5 +37 16 18; Lac

Size 0.4'x0.2'

17.5" (7/15/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated. Second of seven in the NGC 7242 group and first of three in a close trio with NGC 7240 1.5' ENE and IC 1441 1.5' NNE. IC 5191 lies 2.8' NW. Photographs reveal three very faint stars are superimposed and these may have confused the observation or contributed to the observed glow.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5192, along with IC 5191 and 5193, on 5 Dec 1888 using the Lick 12-inch refractor. His field sketch matches MCG +06-48-022 = PGC 68407. On the colorized DSS, this is a very small galaxy with a star superimposed at the north edge and a very faint close double on the east edge. The stars probably contributed to the visibility. MCG fails to label this galaxy as IC 5192.

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IC 5193 = MCG +06-48-026 = PGC 68436

22 15 43.6 +37 14 35; Lac

Size 0.3'x0.3'

17.5" (7/15/93): last of seven in the NGC 7242 group. Extremely faint and small, round. Forms the SE vertex of a small parallelogram with three mag 13 stars just preceding (sides are 1.3' by 0.8'). Located 3.4' SSE of NGC 7242.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5193, along with IC 5191 and 5192, on 5 Dec 1888. His field sketch matches MCG +06-48-026 = PGC 68436. MCG and PGC don't label their equivalent entries as IC 5193.

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IC 5195 = IV Zw 90 = Holm 789b = UGC 11969 NED2 = CGCG 513-023 NED2 = PGC 68435

22 15 41.6 +37 18 10; Lac

Size 0.15'x0.15'

17.5" (7/15/93): appears as a mag 16 "star" superimposed at the northeast edge of NGC 7242. Visible with averted vision less than one-quarter of the time. I could not clearly distinguish if this object appeared nonstellar. Dreyer's IC description "0.5' S of 7242" is incorrect.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5195 = Big. 449 on 16 Oct 1895. Bigourdan placed this object "toward PA = 45 deg [northeast], d = 0.5' with respect to NGC 7242". Dreyer mistakenly copied this into the IC description as "0.5' s[outh] of 7242". This is a remarkably faint galaxy to be discovered with a 12-inch scope. Malcolm Thomson notes that he could not decide if this object was nonstellar on the POSS and I couldn't decide it was non-stellar in my single 17.5" observation. Nevertheless, Bigourdan's offset does land on this galaxy.

Karl Reinmuth’s 1926 photographic survey “Die Herschel-Nebel” has a rather detailed description of NGC 7242 with the comment “eeeF small nebula north-following 0’.5, no nebula 0.5’ south of NGC 7242, IC 5195 ssf 3’.5.” So, Reinmuth correctly noted the IC description was in error and mentions a nebula 0.5’ NE where Bigourdan originally placed it, but misidentifies IC 5193 as IC 5195. CGCG identifies NGC 7242 as a double system but doesn't list the companion as IC 5195. Also, the UGC note to UGC 11969 = NGC 7242 mentions that "b is superimposed at 0.50', [PA] 57°, 0.15' x 0.15'.", though the "b" component of NGC 7242 is not identified as IC 5195. Zwicky also catalogued IC 5195 as IV Zw 90 in his "Red Book" (Catalogue of Selected Compact Galaxies and of post-eruptive Galaxies") with the comment "Neutral spherical compact, m_p = 16.4 [25" NE of NGC 7242, m_p = 14.6]. Again, he didn't identify compact galaxy as IC 5195. The PGC 68435 entry refers to IV Zw 90 (no other aliases) and uses Zwicky’s original 1950 coordinates, which are rough (22 13.5 +37 03), but land close to IC 5195..

SIMBAD and HyperLEDA have no listing for IC 5195 and they misidentify PGC 68435 as a dim double star 1.7' NE of NGC 7242. NED correctly identifies IC 5195 = IV Zw 90 = PGC 68435 with the primary designation "NGC 7242 NED02". See Corwin's notes for more.

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IC 5201 = ESO 289-018 = PGC 68618

22 20 57.4 -46 02 09; Gru

V = 10.6; Size 8.5'x3.9'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 33°

25" (10/21/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, very large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~7.5'x3'. Strongly concentrated with a large elongated bar oriented SSW-NNE (over 1' in length) within a brighter core. The bar dominates a much fainter diffuse outer halo of low surface brightness. Still, there was a suggestion of spiral structure in the outer halo on the SSW and NNE ends.

A giant HII complex/OB association stood out on the SW side of the halo [1.5' SSW of center] as a small knot. It appeared fairly faint, roundish, 12"-15" diameter, stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus.

Located 19' WSW of mag 6.4 Pi-1 and 23' WSW of mag 5.6 mag Pi-2 Gruis. The pair is a nice binocular double at a wide 4' separation. Pi-1 is a red giant transitioning into a carbon star and a very unequal double star (mag 6.5/10.7 at 2.8").

Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5201 visually in 1900 during a search for Brorsen's Comet. He was observing with the 18-inch Grubb refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. Lunt's position was 22 seconds of RA too large and 2' too far south.

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IC 5204 = NGC 7300 = MCG -02-57-011 = LGG 458-003 = PGC 69040

22 30 59.9 -14 00 13; Aqr

V = 12.8; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°

See observing notes for NGC 7300. Identification uncertain.

Lewis Swift found IC 5204 = Sw. 11-212 on 8 Aug 1896 and reported "vF, eE, a ray, p[receding] of 2." There is nothing near his position, but Harold Corwin suggests this number is probably a duplicate of NGC 7300. Swift's "f[ollowing] of 2" is IC 5228, which is a good match with NGC 7302 in position and description. His comment "eE, a ray" fits NGC 7300, which is 21.5' WNW of NGC 7302 (within Swift's 33' field), though this implies he made a 10 minute error in time (too small), as well as nearly a 25' error in declination!

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IC 5210 = ESO 602-012 = MCG -03-57-004 = PGC 68674

22 22 31.1 -18 52 11; Aqr

V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter. With direct vision a stellar nucleus is easily visible. Located 2.3' NNE of a mag 11 star. Forms a pair with IC 5211 2.9' ESE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5210 = Sw. 11-214, along with IC 5211, on 8 Aug 1896 while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). His description for XI-214 reads "eF; S; near n[orth] of f[ollowing] * of 7 in line p and f; p of 2.", which is a perfect match with ESO 602-012 = PGC 68674. Swift's RA is 20 seconds too small, but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 that was used in the IC 2.

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IC 5211 = ESO 602-014 = MCG -03-57-005 = PGC 68695

22 22 43.0 -18 52 49; Aqr

V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 161°

17.5" (8/6/97): faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.6', weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 5210 2.9' WNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5211 = Sw. 11-213, along with IC 5210, on 8 Aug 1896 while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). He recorded ""eeeF; vS; R; f[ollows] below star 15 seconds l s [?]; f of 2." Although his description is valid (except for the cryptic abbreviation) his position is 15 seconds of RA west of IC 5210, instead of east. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 that was used in the IC 2, though I've followed Swift's descriptions in assigning #213 to IC 5211.

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IC 5217 = PK 100-5.1 = PN G100.6-05.4

22 23 55.7 +50 58 01; Lac

V = 11.3; Size 8"x6"

8" (9/22/22): fairly easy to identify at 95x in a very rich star field just 2' N of a 10th mag star and 7' SE of a 7'-long gently curving string of 10-12th mag stars. A mag 7.4 star is 4' N of the northern tip of this string. Blinks strongly with a NPB filter in comparison to the nearby mag 10 star. Appears as a slightly fuzzy pale blue "star" at 175x and definitely non-stellar at 225x and 275x.

14.5" (7/27/22): identified at just 66x as a bluish "star" (slightly soft appearance) with an excellent contrast gain blinking with a NPB filter. An ideal 10th mag comparison star is just 1.8' S -- it's brighter than IC 5217 unfiltered, but fainter filtered. Definitely non-stellar increasing to 122x and 158x. At 660x, the small planetary was elongated 4:3 or 3:2 ~N-S, 6"-8" in diameter.

24" (8/8/21): immediately noticed at 200x appears as a fairly bright soft blue (non-stellar) glow. Excellent contrast gain with a UHC filter. At 260x, seen as a small, high surface brightness blue disk in a pretty star field. At 500x, IC 5217 seemed slightly elongated N-S and it was clearly extended ~8"x5" N-S at 750x and 1000x. The central star was not seen. A striking chain of ~10 stars mag 10-12 extending 7' SSW-NNE lies ~8' NW. The brightest star is at the south end of the chain.

18" (7/2/08): picked up easily at 174x as a "soft" mag 11.5 with a pale blue color. Good contrast gain blinking with an OIII filter. A brighter mag 10 comparison star lies 1.8' S but blinking with the filter the planetary switches apparent brightness with this star. At 435x, IC 5217 appeared as a 7"x5" blue disc, slightly elongated SSW-NNE. With direct vision, a slightly brighter quasi-stellar center was visible suggesting the central star was just below the threshold of visibility.

18" (12/08/07): picked up at 115x as a soft blue-grey "star". Good contrast gain using a NPB filter. Without a filter, a brighter mag 10 star lies to the south though with the filter the planetary matches the star. At 225x a definite small disc was visible, crisp-edged, round, ~6" diameter. The seeing was too soft to use high power.

13.1" (10/10/86): at 166x appears fairly bright but just non-stellar. Good contrast gain with OIII filter. A bright compact bluish disc is visible at 214x, slightly elongated. Estimate V = 11.5 and 5" diameter. Located 1.3° due south of mag 4.4 Beta Lac.

8" (11/5/82): stellar planetary at 100x, slightly fuzzy at 220x and an easy ellipse is visible at 400x.

Williamina Fleming discovered IC 5217 = Fleming 102 in 1904 (plate taken on Dec. 18, 1903) based on its emission spectrum. The remarks in Harvard Circular 76 notes "the spectrum of this faint gaseous nebula is superposed on that of +50°3007, magnitude 9.4, which is of Class A." Several visual observations were made by Thomas Espin in 1911 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector and he estimated the size from 2.5" to 4" in diameter and "apparently elongated N and S."

Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "no central star can be distinguished. A bright oval about 7.5"x6" in a 5 min exposure; slightly larger and quite "square-shouldered" in the long exposure. Brighter along the middle, but no details of structure can be made out."

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IC 5225 = NGC 7294 = ESO 533-044 = MCG -04-53-009 = AM 2229-253 = PGC 69088

22 32 08.1 -25 23 52; PsA

V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 47°

See observing notes for NGC 7294.

Lewis Swift found IC 5225 = Sw. 12-38 on 6 Oct 1897 and reported, "eeF; pS; R; betw 2 stars; a dozen stars in margin of field following, form semicircle, 4 st np a curve, one D, sp of 2 [should be np of 2, with IC 5226]. Although nothing is at his position, NGC 7294 is 36 seconds of RA further east and 2' S, and his detailed description matches (specifically "4 st np a curve, one D[ouble]". So clearly IC 5225 = NGC 7294.

Harold Corwin notes that "ESO suggested that I5225 might be ESO 533-G039 = MCG -04-53-007, or that it might be ESO 533-G025 = MCG -04-52-045." MCG list -04-53-007 as IC 5225? But Corwin comments "The positions are further off, and the fields around these galaxies do not match Swift's description."

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IC 5226 = ESO 533-045 = MCG -04-53-010 = PGC 69097

22 32 30.2 -25 39 43; PsA

V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 36°

24" (7/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1.2'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus, low surface brightness halo. With careful viewing the core extended into a bar, elongated 2:1 SW-NE. A mag 14.3 star is at the northeast edge. NGC 7294 lies 16.6' NNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5226 = Sw. 12-39 on 6 Oct 1897 and reported, "eeeF, pL, R, no * nr, trapezium, nf of 2 [with IC 5225 = NGC 7294]. There is nothing at his position, but his RA for IC 5225 was 36 seconds of time too small (not an unusual error at the end of his career at age 77). It's reasonable to assume a similar offset for IC 5226, though there is nothing near this offset position. But Harold Corwin found that if Swift made another error of exactly 1° in declination (too far north), this corrected position matches ESO 533-045. Furthermore, the nearest star is about 4' away ("no * nr") and there are 4 stars to the southeast (including two 9th magnitude) matching his comment "trapezium". ESO, MCG and PGC don't assign IC 5226 to ESO 533-045, but NED and HyperLeda follow Corwin.

ESO 533-045 was discovered again on a plate taken between 1914-1916 with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory. It was reported as #248 in a list of 256 new nebulae published in 1921 and described as "F, pS, star surr. by atmosphere, another star 12 mag follows 40", edge of plate."

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IC 5228 = NGC 7302 = MCG -02-57-013 = PGC 69094

22 32 23.8 -14 07 14; Aqr

V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 97°

See observing notes for NGC 7302.

Lewis Swift found IC 5228 = Sw. 11-215 on 8 Aug 1896 and reported "pB; pS; R; B * nr s; f of 2 [with IC 5204 = NGC 7300]." His position was just 2' west of NGC 7302 and the description fits, so the equivalence IC 5228 = NGC 7302 is certain. See IC 5204 for more as well as Corwin's comments.

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IC 5231 = MCG +04-53-004 = CGCG 474-007 = Mrk 913 = PGC 69166

22 34 00.7 +23 20 19; Peg

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

18" (9/26/11): faint to fairly faint, small, irregularly round, 20" diameter. Has a relatively high surface brightness with a very small brighter nucleus. Located 0.9° SW of NGC 7332/7339, a distinctive pair of edge-on galaxies. PGC 1685715, an extremely compact companion just 40" W, was not seen.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5231 = J. 3-1418 on 9 Oct 1895. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 5235 = ESO 109-013 = PGC 69497

22 41 25.5 -66 34 49; Tuc

Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 83°

30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Nearly attached to a mag 15.5-16 star at its west edge. A mag 9.7 star lies 2' WNW. Forms a pair with brighter IC 5236 2.3' SSE. Picked up 8.6' SE of NGC 7329.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5235 = DS 761, along with IC 5236, on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eeF, bM."

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IC 5236 = ESO 109-014 = PGC 69503

22 41 30.1 -66 37 05; Tuc

Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 64°

30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3'. A mag 16.2 star is at the northwest edge. Brighter of a pair with IC 5235 2.3' NNW. Picked up 10.6' SE of NGC 7329.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5236 = DS 762, along with IC 5235, on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, eeS, considerably elongated at 60°, bM."

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IC 5237 = NGC 7361 = ESO 468-023 = MCG -05-53-027 = UGCA 434 = AM 2239-301 = PGC 69539

22 42 18.1 -30 03 24; PsA

V = 12.3; Size 3.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°

See observing notes for NGC 7361.

Lewis Swift found IC 5237 = Sw. 12-40 on 19 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; eeeS; eeeE; eee dif; a line. 8m * np." There is nothing at his position but 2.4 minutes of time further east is NGC 7361 and his description fits. Coincidentally, John Herschel's position was also 2 minutes of time too small. At age 77 Swift's positions were often very poor and he wasn't careful in checking prior discoveries, so the identification IC 5237 = NGC 7361 is nearly certain.

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IC 5239 = ESO 345-017 = PGC 69044 = LEDA 192654

22 31 07.2 -38 01 35; Gru

Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 54°

24" (9/7/18): at 225x; extremely faint, small, round, 18" diameter (core only seen). No other details were visible as I only glimpsed this galaxy with averted vision.

ESO 345-021, located 18' E, appeared very faint (brighter than ESO 345-017), small, roundish, 24". No other details. Mag 9.4 HD 213589 is 6' E and halfway to the bright star is a 17" pair of mag 13.5/14 stars. Could -021 possibly be IC 5239?

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5239 = Sw. 11-216 on 7 Jul 1897 and wrote, "vF; pS; R." There is nothing anywhere near his position that he might have seen. The ESO and PGC label ESO 345-038 (an interacting pair) as IC 5239. Although this galaxy is only 2' from Swift's nominal position, Harold Corwin notes that this galaxy is much too faint to have been seen by Swift and I agree. He suggests that Swift made a 10 minute error in RA (too large) and that ESO 345-017 is IC 5239. Although a much better candidate, I feel this galaxy may still be too faint to have been noticed by Swift. Perhaps he picked up ESO 345-021, a brighter galaxy that is exactly 8 minutes of RA (west) from Swift's position.

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IC 5240 = ESO 290-002 = PGC 69521

22 41 52.4 -44 46 02; Gru

V = 11.9; Size 2.8'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 100°

48" (11/4/21): at 375x; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated E-W, with a prominent central region that included an obvious bar oriented E-W. The halo weakly brightened surrounding the bar forming a subtle oval ring. Three mag 15 stars are very close or involved: one is barely off the S side [0.9' from center] and two more to the NW - one just outside the ring [0.8' NW] and one embedded in the ring [38" WNW].

Increasing to 610x improved the view with a higher contrast to the bar. The ring was brighter just south of the east end of the bar and slightly weaker on the north and south side. The outer halo had a very low surface brightness.

18" (11/14/09): fairly faint, fairly small, bright core appears to contain a brightening or bar ~E-W, 1.0'x0.8'. Surrounding the core is a faint, small halo. Located 32' SSW of mag 6.1 HD 214987 and 2.1 degrees north of mag 2.1 Beta Gruis.

The "bar" feature was verified afterwards on the DSS, which is surprising as the galaxy was very low in the sky.

William Henry Finlay discovered IC 5240 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch equatorial refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 8 Aug 1897 and logged "pF; pL; R; faint star near sf." Finlay's discovery wasn't published until 1898 and he credited Swift in his table of nebulae (MNRAS 58, 329), though Dreyer listed Finlay first in the IC.

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IC 5242 = UGC 12148 = MCG +04-53-010 = CGCG 474-020 = PGC 69487

22 41 15.2 +23 24 25; Peg

V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'

18" (9/26/11): faint, fairly small, round, 0.4'. A mag 13.4 star is attached at the north end. Forms a pair with IC 5243 2.8' SE. Located 4' N of a distinctive string of 4 stars including mag 9.4 SAO 90705. Also situated 0.9° SE of NGC 7332/7339, a striking pair of edge-on galaxies.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5242 = J. 3-1421, along with IC 5243, on 9 Nov 1896. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 5243 = UGC 12153 = MCG +04-53-011 = CGCG 474-021 = II Zw 185 = PGC 69495

22 41 24.6 +23 22 29; Peg

V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'

18" (9/26/11): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Although listed as 0.8 mag fainter than IC 5242 (2.8' NW), IC 5243 has a higher surface brightness but is slightly smaller. Located 2.2' NE of mag 9.4 SAO 90705. This star is also the closest in a 2' string of four stars extending further southwest.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5243 = J. 3-1422, along with IC 5242, on 9 Nov 1896. His micrometric position is accurate.

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IC 5246 = ESO 109-019 = PGC 69696

22 46 39.2 -64 53 55; Tuc

Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 151°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter. A mag 15.7 star is attached at the west end. Situated within a group of stars including an elongated group of 5 mag 12-13 stars to the north and east and two mag 11 stars 7' WSW and SSW. IC 5249 lies 5' NE. Located 10' NNW of IC 5250 (bright double system) in a group containing several IC galaxies as well as NGC 7358.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5246 = DS 765 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He simply noted "eF, eS."

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IC 5247 = ESO 109-020 = PGC 69700

22 46 50.1 -65 16 26; Tuc

V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 124°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.2', broad weak concentration. A mag 14.5 star is 40" NE. Picked up 12' SE of NGC 7358 and 13' SSW of IC 5250, a prominent double system. Several other IC galaxies are in this group.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5247 = DS 766 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "vF, vS, vE at 125°, mbM."

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IC 5249 = ESO 109-021 = FGCE 1777 = RFGC 3998 = AM 2243-650 NED2 = PGC 69707

22 47 06.3 -64 49 55; Tuc

V = 13.7; Size 4.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 14°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, large, superthin galaxy! Stretches ~20:1 SSW-NNE, 3.0'x0.15', only a broad weak concentration towards the center with no distinct core or zones. A mag 15 star is very close to the northern tip [1.3' from center]. This is certainly one of the thinnest edge-on galaxies I have ever viewed. A 1' pair of mag 12.5 stars lies ~3' SW. IC 5249 is in a group with IC 5246 5' SW and IC 5250 (merged double) at 14' SSE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5249 = DS 767 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, vS, eeE at 15°, very little brighter middle."

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IC 5250 = ESO 109-022 = AM 2244-651 = LGG 462-006 = PGC 69713 + 69714

22 47 20.4 -65 03 31; Tuc

V = 11.1; Size 3.0'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.3

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; excellent merged pair [centers separated by 33"] within a common halo! Both galaxies are bright, fairly small, high surface brightness, and both contain very bright nonstellar nuclei. The merged system is elongated E-W with the brighter galaxy (IC 5250B) on the east side. The common halo extends perhaps 1.5'x0.75'. IC 5250B is slightly elongated NW-SE and a mag 13.5 star is superimposed on the southeast edge. A mag 13.2 star is 1.2' SE. The center of IC 5250A is just 30" to the west and not quite as bright as IC 5250A. Each component is roughly 0.6' in size. IC 5250 is the brightest in a group that includes NGC 7358 12' SW, superthin IC 5249 14' N, IC 5246 10.5' NNW and IC 5247 13' SSW.

James Dunlop discovered IC 5250 = D 255 = D.S. 768 on 5 Sep 1826 with his homemade 9-inch f/12 speculum reflector. He described a "small faint elliptical nebula in the parallel of the equator, about 25" long and 12" or 15" broad." His position is just 3' following this interacting pair of galaxies (similar in appearance to the Antennae). Interestingly, John Herschel discovered NGC 7358, which is just 11' SW, but apparently missed this galaxy, which is larger and brighter.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 5250 again on plates taken 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru, published a fairly accurate position and described "cB, S, R, F * f 0.5'." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.

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IC 5258 = UGC 12217 = MCG +04-53-017 = CGCG 474-033 = PGC 59869

22 51 31.6 +23 04 50; Peg

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x0.9'; PA = 104°

24" (9/23/22): relatively bright and very easily picked up at 200x, elongated 2:1 E-W, ~60"x30". Increasing to 325x, the core seems to extend at moments into a brighter major axis. A 40" pair of 11th mag stars is 8' SW, a mag 10 star is 5' S and a mag 8.7 star is 11' E.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5258 = J. 3-1425 on 26 Oct 1897. His position is 3.2' too far south due to an error in the declination of his offset star (HD 216416). Once correction, his position is very accurate.

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IC 5260 = NGC 7404 = ESO 346-010 = MCG -07-47-001 = PGC 69964

22 54 18.6 -39 18 54; Gru

V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°

See observing notes for NGC 7404. Identification very uncertain.

Lewis Swift found IC 5260 = Sw. 12-41 on 19 Jul 1897 and reported "eeF; pS; R; 9m star nr sp; ee dif." There is nothing at his position and it was reported as "not found" on photographs taken at the Helwan observatory in Egypt in 1919-20.

It's possible that IC 5260 refers to NGC 7421, which is 2.3 minutes of RA due east of Swift's position is NGC 7421 and it has a mag 10.9 star to the southwest. Alternatively, Harold Corwin suggests IC 5260 may be a reobservation of NGC 7404, though this galaxy is two degrees north and 0.3 minutes of RA east of Swfit's position. It has a mag 7.3 star 11' to its southwest. Either identification is fairly speculative.

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IC 5261 = ESO 603-026 = MCG -04-54-001 = PGC 69969

22 54 25.2 -20 21 46; Aqr

V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 135°

17.5" (8/6/97): faint, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter. Located 5' ENE of mag 9 SAO 191476. This diffuse glow exhibited only a broad very weak concentration. A mag 14.5-15 star is close off the east edge 1.1' from center. Located 40' ENE of NGC 7392 in the NGC 7377 group (LGG 463).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5261 = Sw. 11-218 on 11 Sep 1896 and wrote "eeeF; pL; R; f[ollows] 9m * 22 seconds; ee dif." His position is 8 seconds of time east and 1.5' south of ESO 603-026 = PGC 69969. His description clinches the identification.. Swift listed the discovery date as 12 September in his first Lowe Observatory discovery list.

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IC 5262 = ESO 406-020 = MCG -06-50-009 = PGC 70007

22 55 21.3 -33 53 29; PsA

V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 142°

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 0.9'x0.7'. A mag 12 star lies 1.4' N and a mag 11 star 1.9' NE. This is a double system with PGC 70010 but the southeast component was not seen. Also MCG -06-50-011 2' S was not seen.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5262 = Sw. 12-42 on 22 Aug 1897 and logged "eeeF, pS, R, bet a * p and a wide D nf, 8m * f, ee dif, np of 2." Although Swift calls this off the "north-preceding of 2" there is no listing in his table to the southeast of IC 5262 and Corwin suggests Swift may be referring to IC 5271, which is northeast.

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IC 5264 = ESO 406-029 = MCG -06-50-014 = PGC 70081

22 56 53.0 -36 33 15; Gru

V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 82°

24" (8/1/19): moderately bright, relatively large, thin edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, brighter bulging core, thin extensions. Excellent contrast in galaxy types with IC 1459 6' NE.

18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~1.5'x0.3'. Located 6.5' SW of IC 1459 in the Grus Chain.

17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, nearly 3.0'x0.5' in size. Appears as a long thin streak of nearly uniform surface brightness and slightly tapering towards the tips. Forms the fainter member of a pair with IC 1459 6' NNE.

17.5" (7/22/87): faint, moderately large, thin edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is off the east tip. Located 6' SSW of brighter IC 1459.

8" (8/1/19): at 107x and 174x; very faint, moderately large, ghostly streak but not difficult.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5264 = Sw. 11-219 on 15 Dec 1889. He found this galaxy while measuring IC 1459 (discovered 2 nights earlier) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. Barnard wrote in his logbook, "a small faint neb'y about 4' S and 1' p this neb [IC 1459]. Small and elong in parallel nearly [~E-W]." No accurate offsets were measured, but this clearly applies to IC 5264. As this entry was not published or passed along to Dreyer, Barnard never received discovery credit.

Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 10 Jun 1896 and described Sw. 11-219 (later IC 5264) as "vF; S; eeE; a ray; sp of below st; sp of 2 [with IC 1459 = IC 5265]." His position is 0.2 min of RA too small and 3.5' too far south (same error in dec as IC 5265). Curiously, he gave the discovery date as 2 Sep 1896 in his first Lowe Observatory discovery list and 4 Sep 1897 in his third Lowe discovery list (he made a number of mistakes on discovery dates and of course positions during his last observing year). Ironically, Swift mentioned "I am glad I have at length found in Barnard's field a nebula his keen eye failed to see", though it turns out that wasn't the case!

Interestingly, earlier in March 1896 he wrote a short article in Popular Astronomy titled "The Lowe Observatory" and mentioned "Near some of Sir John Herschel’s southern nebulae I have discovered several overlooked by him, notably, one between [NGC 7418] and [NGC 7421], in field with the latter. It is very faint, very small, exceedingly elongated to a ray five times as long as broad. I am surprised at his failure to see it." There is nothing between these galaxies, but assuming he confused the identifications of the nearby galaxies his description may apply to IC 5264!

In a 1912 report on observations of nebulae made at the Helwan Observatory between 1909-1911, Harold Knox-Shaw reported - due to Swift's poor position - there was nothing at the position for IC 5264 on photos taken with the 30" reflector and reported it as new (possibly equivalent to IC 5264).

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IC 5265 = IC 1459 = ESO 406-030 = MCG -06-50-016 = PGC 70090

22 57 10.5 -36 27 45; Gru

V = 10.0; Size 5.2'x3.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°

See observing notes for IC 1459

Lewis Swift found IC 5265 = Sw. 11-220 on 16 Jun 1896 and reported "B, cL, R, betw 2 stars p and f; nf of 2 [with IC 5264]. There is nothing at his position but 25 seconds of RA west and 4' N is IC 1459 and the description matches. Swift mentioned his object "may possibly be = no. 1459 in Dreyer's Index Catalogue" in a footnote to his discovery list at Lowe Observatory. The date of his observation is unclear; the big 11th list gives 16 Jun 1896 but his first discovery at Lowe (in AJ) gives 2 Sep 1896. Corwin notes that Dreyer questioned if IC 5265 might be identical to NGC 7418, but it's not.

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IC 5266 = ESO 109-029 = AM 2255-652 = LGG 462-009 = PGC 70142

22 58 20.8 -65 07 47; Tuc

V = 13.8; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 SSW-NNE, 1.4'x0.25', weak concentration with a bulging core. In a group with IC 5272 8.4' SE, bright NGC 7417 6.4' NW and PGC 127682 6.1' SSW. A mag 10 star is 5' SSW (on line with PGC 127682). PGC 127682 appeared fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter. It was easily picked up 1.3' SSW of a mag 10.5 star and 2.1' E of a mag 11.2 star.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5266 = DS 773 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, cE, stell N."

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IC 5267 = ESO 290-029 = MCG -07-47-007 = AM 2254-434 = LGG 464-003 = PGC 70094

22 57 13.6 -43 23 46; Gru

V = 10.5; Size 5.2'x3.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°

18" (11/14/09): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 NNW-SSE. Contains a relatively large, 1' bright core that gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. A much fainter halo fades gradually into the background, but appears to extend along the major axis for roughly 2.5'x1.7'. NGC 7412 lies 48' NNW and IC 5267A = ESO 290-026 is 14' WSW. This is one of the brighter IC galaxies that was missed by John Herschel.

William Henry Finlay discovered IC 5267 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 23 Sep 1897 and logged "pB; S; R; much brighter middle." His position was 3.5' too far south, but accurate in RA. Finlay's discovery (with no description) wasn't published until 1898 and he credited Swift in the table of nebulae (MNRAS 58, 329). Dreyer gave Finlay primary credit in the IC.

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IC 5269 = ESO 406-032 = MCG -06-50-017 = LGG 465-003 = PGC 70110

22 57 43.6 -36 01 34; PsA

V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 51°

18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 40"x20", weak concentration. IC 5270 at the north end of the Grus Chain lies 10.5' NNE.

13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, brighter center. Forms a pair with IC 5270 11' NNE and IC 1459 lies 26' SSW.

13.1" (7/20/85): fairly small, elongated SW-NE, brighter center.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5269 = Sw. 11-222 on 10 Sep 1896 and reported "vF; pS; R; np of 2 [with IC 5270]." His position is 10 seconds of RA west and 6' north of ESO 406-032 = PGC 70110, not unusual for his later IC positions. Swift confused the orientation as IC 5269 is the south-preceding of the pair, though the discovery dates are a month apart so the positions were perhaps recorded on different nights. Furthermore, Swift gave the discovery date of IC 5269 and 5270 as 2 Sep 1896 in his first Lowe Observatory list (in AJ) and 4 Sep in this third Lowe list (probably different observations). MCG reverses the identifications of IC 5269 and IC 5270.

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IC 5270 = ESO 406-033 = MCG -06-50-018 = PGC 70117

22 57 54.9 -35 51 29; PsA

V = 12.3; Size 3.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 103°

18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1~ E-W, 1.2'x0.4'. This galaxy sits at the north end of the Grus Chain that extends ~1.5 degrees south to NGC 7421.

13.1" (7/20/85): faint, edge-on ~E-W, even surface brightness. Otherwise similar in size and brightness to IC 5269 11' SSW. The IC orientation for the pair is incorrect. This galaxy is the furthest north in a string of ~10 galaxies stretching south to IC 5273.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5270 = Sw. 11-223 on 12 Aug 1896 and recorded "vF; pS; vE; sf of 2 [with IC 5269]." His position is 14' too far south and IC 5270 is the north-following of 2. According to Swift's large AN table, he discovered nearby IC 5269 a month later, though the pair would have both been in his 33' field. Furthermore, the discovery date is given as 4 Sep 1897 in his earlier 3rd list of nebulae from Lowe Observatory. He probably added the comment "sf of 2" when preparing the table for publication. MCG reverses the identifications of IC 5269 and IC 5270, probably because Swift's position for IC 5269 is 10' north of IC 5270 .

E.E. Barnard probably made an earlier observation of IC 5270 and IC 5269 on 15 Dec 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "pL, vF, extended, a small, faint __ (can't decipher word) 5' +/- S. A 6m star 22' N and 1' following." There is nothing at his position (in ink), but his declination is just 3' off from IC 5270 and the galaxy 5' +/- south is probably IC 5269. The 6th mag star HD 217096 is 22' NNE of IC 5270, though 8' following. Barnard never published these discoveries or informed Dreyer, so Swift is credited in the IC.

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IC 5271 = ESO 406-034 = MCG -06-50-019 = PGC 70128

22 58 01.8 -33 44 32; PsA

V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 138°

17.5" (8/6/97): bright, large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE. Contains a large, bright bulging core. Seems nearly 3.0' in length and 1.0' across at the core, although this is a bit larger than the listed dimensions. Impressive for an IC galaxy!

13.1" (10/20/84): fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, small bright nucleus, easy at 166x.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5271 = Sw. 12-43 on 22 Aug 1897 and reported "pF, pS, vE, bet 2 st." Swift's position is unusually accurate for such a late discovery. DeLisle Stewart recorded this galaxy on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, S, considerably elongated at 145°, * N, considerably brighter middle" and credited Swift with the discovery."

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IC 5272 = ESO 109-030 = AM 2257-661 = LGG 462-011 = PGC 70188

22 59 31.1 -65 11 37; Tuc

V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 33°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter, weak concentration, hints of structure in the irregular halo. IC 5266 lies 8.3' NW and PGC 127682 is 10' WSW.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5272 = DS 774 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, vS, R."

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IC 5273 = ESO 346-022 = MCG -06-50-020 = PGC 70184

22 59 26.7 -37 42 10; Gru

V = 11.4; Size 2.7'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 56°

13.1" (10/20/84): moderately large, very diffuse, broad concentration, irregularly round or slightly elongated. Slightly brighter than NGC 7421 which lies 20' NW. Furthest southern member in the nearly 2° N-S string of 7 brighter galaxies (9 total) in Grus and Pisces Austrinus (Grus Chain)

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5273 = Sw. 11-224 on 12 Dec 1889, while searching for Brorsen's Comet (5D/Brorsen) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "R, 1' dia, 12th mag." His rough position (no offsets) was 7' too far south. Immediately afterwards he logged "fogged all over and the entire heavens blotted out." He found it again the next night, calling it "1' dia, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 12th mag." and added the comment "same as last night?". Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 12 Aug 1896 and recorded "vF, cL, lE, 2 wide D st near p." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer.

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IC 5283 = Arp 298 NED2 = MCG +01-58-026 = CGCG 405-027 = Holm 803b = PGC 70350

23 03 18.0 +08 53 37; Peg

V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 54°

17.5" (11/1/86): very faint, small, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. Forms a close pair with NGC 7469, just 1.3' NNE of the brighter galaxy.

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5283 = Big. 348 = J. 3-1432 on 4 Sep 1891. Stephane Javelle independently discovered it on 16 Oct 1903 and measured a very accurate micrometric position.

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IC 5285 = UGC 12365 = MCG +04-54-026 = II Zw 188 = PGC 70497

23 06 59.1 +22 56 10; Peg

V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100°

13.1" (9/22/84): faint, very small, almost round, slightly elongated ~E-W, possible faint stellar nucleus. A very faint mag 14.5 star is at the west edge 23" from center. Forms a pair with NGC 7489 6' ENE. This object is an unusual ring galaxy.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5285 = J. 3-1434 on 16 Oct 1903 and measured an accurate micrometric position.

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IC 5289 = ESO 407-008 = AM 2308-324 = PGC 70645

23 11 17.0 -32 27 15; Scl

Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 35°

24" (9/6/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.7 star is 30" E. Located 23' WSW of mag 7.6 HD 219034 and 1.6° W of mag 4.4 Gamma Sculptoris.

IC 4289 is probably a collisional Ring galaxy and I observed the nucleus, which is embedded in the north portion of the ring. I saw no sign of this structure.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5289 = Sw. 11-225 on 10 Sep 1896 and noted "a few eeeF st[ars] in neb[ulosity]." His position is 7' SW of an empty ring galaxy with apparently two interacting galaxies embedded on the north and south side of the ring!

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IC 5290 = NGC 7520 = ESO 535-008 = MCG -04-54-014 = PGC 70705

23 12 53.3 -23 28 09; Aqr

V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66°

18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.4', very weak concentration. Situated between two fainter doubles 5' NNE (a 15" pair of mag 13.5/14.5 stars) and 5' S (a 10" pair of mag 14 stars). Another mag 13 star lies 2' SE.

NGC 7520 is listed as nonexistent in most sources. Harold Corwin suggests the possibility that NGC 7520 is equivalent to IC 5290 (described above).

Johann Palisa discovered IC 5290 on 4 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna University Observatory. He noted it was found in the place of Comet Spitaler, which he was apparently searching for.

Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 7520, discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1876 may be identical to IC 5290. There is nothing near his rough position (given only to the nearest min of time and noted as very uncertain "::"). This would require that Tempel's declination to be 20' too far south, though the RA is less than a minute off. Still this identification is very uncertain and PGC uses IC 5290 as the designation (HyperLeda gives IC 5290 as the primary and NGC 7520 as a secondary designation).

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IC 5294 = NGC 7552 = ESO 291-012 = MCG -07-47-028 = VV 440 = LGG 472-003 = PGC 70884 = Grus Quartet

23 16 11.0 -42 34 59; Gru

V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x2.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 1°

See observing notes for NGC 7552.

Lewis Swift found IC 5294 = Sw. 11-226 on 22 Oct 1897 and reported "pB; pS; R; 8m * p." His position was just 9 seconds of RA west of NGC 7552 and his description of the brighter star clinches the equivalence.

Based on a 60-minute exposure taken with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan observatory in 1919-20, it was reported "No nebula here except NGC 7552"

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IC 5297 = CGCG 475-055 = PGC 70875

23 15 58.4 +25 01 31; Peg

V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.6'

17.5" (9/23/89): very faint, very small, round, weak concentration. Picked up 7' NE of mag 8.5 SAO 091128 while starhopping to NGC 7548 to the NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5297 = J. 3-1441 on 22 Nov 1899 and measured an accurate micrometric position.

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IC 5298 = MCG +04-54-038 = CGCG 475-056 = PGC 70877

23 16 00.7 +25 33 24; Peg

V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3', fairly low surface brightness halo with very small bright core and stellar nucleus. Several bright stars are nearby mag 8.2 SAO 91123 is 10' WSW, mag 8.7 SAO 91139 is 8' ESE, and mag 9.0 SAO 91137 is 7' SE.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5298 = J. 3-1442 on 23 Nov 1899

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IC 5304 = MCG -02-59-011 = PGC 71028

23 18 52.6 -10 15 34; Aqr

V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; PA = 12°

24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 40"x30", small bright core increases to a very small bright nucleus. Fairly similar in size and surface brightness to IC 1479 8.6' SSW. A 13th mag star is 1.6' SW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5304 = Sw. 12-44 on 26 Jul 1897 and recorded "extremely faint, S, round, 3 or 4 F st nr sp [south-preceding]." There is nothing at his position but 40 seconds of RA east and 2.3' N is MCG -02-59-011 = PGC 71028. His position is poor enough that it possibly refers to IC 1479, which is 34 seconds of RA east and 6' S of his position. Because of the better match in declination, PGC 71028 is a more likely identification.

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IC 5305 = MCG +02-59-021 = CGCG 431-037 = WBL 706-002 = PGC 70987

23 18 06.2 +10 18 00; Peg

V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.35'

17.5" (11/18/95): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 3.8' NNE of a mag 11.5 star and 1.9' W of NGC 7594. Collinear with two mag 14 stars 45" SSW and 1.4' SSW. IC 5306 lies 3.4' SSE and IC 5307 5.5' SE.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5305 = K. 2-38, along with IC 5306 and 5307, on 26 Oct 1897 using the 18" Merz refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. He identified this object as Kobold 21 (his 21st discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.

In Aug 1880, Andrew Ainslie Common described NGC 7594 as "f[ollowing] 3 stars in a line 90 degrees pointing to another fainter nebula s(outh)." The northern of these "3 stars" appears to be IC 5305!

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IC 5306 = MCG +02-59-022 = CGCG 431-036 = WBL 706-001 = PGC 70992

23 18 11.3 +10 14 46; Peg

V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 0°

17.5" (11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Situated on a line with IC 5305 3.4' NNW and two mag 14 stars 2.0' NNW and 2.7' NNW. Located 2.0' E of a mag 11.5 star. A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' WSW. In a group with IC 5307 2.7' ESE. An extremely faint edge-on at the northwest edge (LEDA 1376799) was not seen

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5306 = K. 2-39, along with IC 5305 and 5307, on 26 Oct 1897 and noted "vF, S." His position is within 1' of CGCG 431-036 = PGC 70992. He identified this object as Kobold 22 (his 22nd discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.

Andrew Common possibly discovered this galaxy 17 years earlier. He remarked for NGC 7594 (#27 in his discovery list), "f[ollows] 3 stars in a line 90 degrees pointing to another fainter nebula s(outh)". The nebula to the south is IC 1478 and the northern "star" is probably IC 5305. But without a more specific location Dreyer didn't include the "fainter nebula south" in the NGC.

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IC 5307 = LEDA 214932

23 18 22.1 +10 14 08; Peg

V = 14.8; Size 0.3'x0.25'

17.5" (11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Faintest of four in NGC 7594 group and requires averted to glimpse. Located 2.7' ESE of IC 5306 and 4.3' SE of NGC 7594.

Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5307 = K. 2-40, along with IC 5305 and 5306, on 26 Oct 1897. He simply noted "vF, vS", but his position is accurate enough to clearly match LEDA 214932. This galaxy is mentioned in the notes to UGC 12485 (NGC 7594) but was not identified as IC 5307. Kobold identified this object as Kobold 23 (his 23rd discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.

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IC 5308 = NGC 7599 = ESO 347-034 = MCG -07-47-033 = LGG 472-006 = PGC 71066

23 19 21.1 -42 15 25; Gru

V = 11.5; Size 4.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 57°

See observing notes for NGC 7599.

Lewis Swift found IC 5308 = Sw. 11-227 on 8 Aug 1897 and reported "eeF; S; cE; f of 7599." There is no galaxy he might have picked up following NGC 7599, but Harold Corwin suggests that Swift confused NGC 7590 as NGC 7599, in which case IC 5308 is a duplicate of NGC 7599. IC 5308 was identified as a double star (3' SW of center), based on a photograph taken at the Helwan observatory in 1919-20. See Corwin's historical notes.

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IC 5309 = UGC 12498 = MCG +01-59-042 = PGC 71051

23 19 11.8 +08 06 33; Psc

V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 23°

17.5" (9/14/85): faint, very elongated SSW-NNE. A mag 14 star is at the south edge 22" from the center. Located 7' NW of NGC 7611 in the Pegasus I cluster.

13.1" (9/22/84): very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 ~N-S. Low surface brightness and requires averted vision. A faint star is off the south end. Similar size to NGC 7611 7' SE.

13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, diffuse, faint stellar nucleus.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5309 = J. 3-1445 on 23 Oct 1903 and recorded "Faint, elongated fan-shaped, a mag 14 almost in contact to the south, ~30", no condensation." He reversed the sign of the polar distance offset from his reference star, so the IC position is in error. Once corrected it's a perfect match with UGC 12498.

Based on photographs taken between 1914-1916 with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector, Hubble described IC 5309 as "pF, mbB, E 0°, 50" x 30", *14m on south edge."

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IC 5313 = NGC 7632 = ESO 291-021 = MCG -07-47-035 = AM 2319-424 = LGG 472-007 = PGC 71213

23 22 00.9 -42 28 50; Gru

V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 92°

See observing notes for NGC 7632

Lewis Swift found IC 5313 = Sw. 11-228 on 8 Aug 1897 and noted, "eeeF; pL; R; 10m * near sp." His RA was 14 seconds too small and the dec 1.7' too far south but the comment "10m * nr south-preceding" clinches the identity IC 5313 = NGC 7632. In his third discovery list from Lowe Observatory (in Popular Astronomy), he added "11m * f[ollows the 10m star].

Based on a photograph taken with the 30" reflector at the Helwan observatory, it was reported (1921): "No nebula here except NGC 7632"

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IC 5315 = MCG +04-55-006 = CGCG 476-016 = PGC 71174

23 21 18.3 +25 23 07; Peg

V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'

24" (10/12/20): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, sharp bright stellar nucleus surrounded by a small core ~12" diameter. The small halo has a very low surface brightness and extends roughly 20" diameter.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5315 = J. 3-1448 on 23 Nov 1899. His description reads, "faint, 10" to 15" diameter, similar to a 15th mag double star surrounded by nebulosity."

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IC 5318 = MCG -02-59-015 = PGC 71338

23 24 06.9 -11 51 38; Aqr

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 135°

17.5" (8/25/95): very faint, very small, probably elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20". View severely hindered by a mag 10 star attached at the northwest end! It was difficult to determine dimensions and orientation due to the glare from the star and the faintness of the galaxy.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5318 on 28 Sep 1897 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver and described "vF, vS, f 9.5m star 1 second." His position is accurate.

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IC 5319 = LEDA 1446384

23 24 49.0 +13 59 48; Peg

V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter. Located 5.7' ENE of NGC 7651. Member of AGC 2593-South.

Howe discovered IC 5319 = Ho. III-22 on 25 Nov 1899 and recorded "eF, eS; near 7651." His position is accurate.

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IC 5320 = ESO 077-021 = PGC 71530

23 28 22.0 -67 45 37; Tuc

Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 135°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms a close pair with similar IC 5322 0.9' E. In a quartet with brighter IC 5324 3.7' S and IC 5323 5.4' SW.

Royal Frost discovered IC 5320 = F. 1234, along with IC 5322, on a plate taken on 12 Oct 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "bM, magn 14." His position, though, 1 minute of time too far west (same as IC 5322), so the RA is out of order with IC 5323 and 5324.

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IC 5321 = ESO 605-007 = MCG -03-59-009 = PGC 71430

23 26 20.2 -17 57 23; Aqr

V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 45°

24" (9/23/17): at 220x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter. Well defined halo (core?) with very little concentration. A 13th magnitude star is 1' NW. A collinear trio (included the wide double HJ 3194) lies 15' SE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5321 = Sw. 11-229 on 13 Sep 1896 and recorded "eF; vS; R; F * close nf." There is nothing at his position in his large 11th list, but the declination was stated as 1° further north in his first Lowe Observatory discovery list in Astronomical Journal Vol. 17 (1896). Also the "F * close nf" is actually northwest, again as originally published. These errors were caught by Herbert Howe while reobserving NGC/IC objects in 1899 at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. Howe recovered Swift's object 6' north of the position given in his AJ list and estimated the nearby star to the NW as 10th mag, although it is closer to 13th mag.

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IC 5322 = ESO 077-022 = PGC 71536

23 28 30.8 -67 45 41; Tuc

Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 77°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter. Forms a close pair with similar IC 5320 0.9' W. In a quartet with brighter IC 5324 3.8' SSW and IC 5323 6.1' SW. A mag 11.5 star lies 2' NE and a mag 12 star is 3' E.

Royal Frost discovered IC 5322 = F. 1235, along with IC 5320, on a plate taken on 12 Oct 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "bM, magn 14." See IC 5320.

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IC 5323 = ESO 077-019 = PGC 71489

23 27 37.0 -67 48 56; Tuc

V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, moderately large, irregularly round, 45"x35", strongly concentrated with a very bright core that gradually increases but no well defined nuclear zone. Collinear with a mag 12.4 star 2.1' SSE and a mag 11.5 star 4.2' SSE. Two additional mag 12-13 stars are further east. Brightest in a quartet with IC 5324 3.9' E, IC 5320 5.4' NE and IC 5322 6.1' NE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5323 = DS 782, along with IC 5324, on a plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "F, S, bM."

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IC 5324 = ESO 077-020 = PGC 71526

23 28 17.8 -67 49 17; Tuc

V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 37°

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright to fairly bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 2.1' E and a similar star is 3' SSE. In a quartet with brighter IC 5323 3.9' W, IC 5320 3.7' N and IC 5322 3.8' NNE.

DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5324 = DS 783, along with IC 5323, on a plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, S, bM."

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IC 5325 = ESO 347-018 = MCG -07-48-004 = LGG 472-009 = PGC 71548

23 28 43.3 -41 20 00; Phe

V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 8°

18" (10/16/09): moderately bright, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.5'x1.2', irregular. Located just 1' NE of an 11th magnitude star (not in GSC). This object appears more like an emission nebula than a galaxy with a slightly brighter region that seems offset to the north side. This object is brighter than most of the NGC galaxies in the area and was surprisingly missed by John Herschel.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5325 = Sw. 11-230 on 8 Aug 1897 and recorded "pB; pS; R; 9m * close s[outh]." His position was 9' too far south, but the identification is certain. DeLisle Stewart picked it up on a Harvard plate at Arequipa taken in 1900 and described it as "F, S, R, gradually brighter in the middle, * 1' sp. He credited Swift with the discovery and recorded an accurate position that was used in the IC.

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IC 5326 = ESO 470-011 = MCG -05-55-015 = PGC 71581

23 29 35.2 -28 49 52; Scl

Size 1.0'x0.45'; PA = 116°

24" (9/6/18): at 225x; very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", low even surface brightness. Mag 9.3 HD 221097 lies 6' SW.

ESO 470-015, located 12.7' E, appeared faint, fairly small, round, 30", even surface brightness. The ESO was comparable (if not slightly higher surface brightness) to IC 5326.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5326 = Sw. 11-231 on 14 Sep 1896 and wrote "eeeF; S; vE; 8m * p[receding]." His position is 3.4' too far SSW and the bright star (mag 9.2 HD 221097) is 6' SW. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position (used in the IC) during his survey of NGC and IC objects at Denver.

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IC 5327 = IC 1495 = MCG -02-59-024 = PGC 71631

23 30 47.7 -13 29 08; Aqr

V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 170°

See observing notes for IC 1495.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5327 (= IC 1495) on 5 Nov 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint; not large, R?, 1' +/- and slightly south of 11m star." His estimated position was 30 seconds of RA too small and nearly 6' too far north. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer much later and appeared in the IC 2 as 5327. The galaxy was also discovered by Javelle (J. 1-491) on 3 Nov 1891 and he received the credit for IC 1495.

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IC 5328 = ESO 291-029 = PGC 71730

23 33 16.4 -45 00 57; Phe

V = 11.4; Size 2.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 40°

30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.8'x1.2'. The large, brighter core is sharply concentrated with an extremely bright nucleus. IC 5328A, a nearly superimposed companion, is attached at the southwest end of the halo. It appeared faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 20"x15", nearly even surface brightness. The galaxy is elongated in the direction of mag 6.9 HD 221473 located 9' SW. IC 5328B, located 14' SE, appeared fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 N-S, 0.5'x0.1', no noticeable core or nucleus, low surface brightness. The galaxy is collinear with a mag 10.8 star situated 1.9' S. The three galaxies are part of a physical group.

13.1" (9/3/86): fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~E-W, brighter core. Located 7' NE of mag 7 SAO 231655. Forms a very close pair with IC 5328A on the southwest edge, but the companion was not visible at a very low altitude (7°) from northern California.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5328 = Sw. 11-232 on 8 Aug 1897 and recorded "vF; S; R; bet 2 st; 8m sf, 7m sp." His position (in AN 3517) is less than 2' too far south and his description matches. The RA in his short third Lowe Observatory discovery list in Popular Astronomy is 52 seconds of time too small. Also the discovery date was first given as 8 Aug 1897, instead of 3 Oct 1897 in his large AN list. The earlier date appears to be correct as the list was dated 12 Sep 1897. Perhaps he remeasured the position on the later date.

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IC 5332 = ESO 408-009 = MCG -06-51-012 = LGG 478-001 = PGC 71775

23 34 27.5 -36 06 04; Scl

V = 10.5; Size 7.8'x6.2'; Surf Br = 14.5

24" (11/23/19): at 200x, faint, very large, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core region. The halo fades out without a distinct border but roughly 5'x4'. There was a suggestion of structure but the low elevation affected seeing subtle details. A mag 10 star is 4' NE and a mag 11 star is 4' E (part of a group). A mag 12.5 star is off the W side, 3.5' from center.

13.1" (10/20/84): extremely faint, at visual threshold. At 74x and 88x appears as a large, very diffuse hazy region with averted vision only. Not seen at 166x, likely due to the low elevation. Located 12' NE of the double star SEE 489 = 7.0/11.7 at 20".

James Dunlop probably discovered IC 5332 = D 546? on 14 Jul 1826. He reported finding an "extremely feeble, ill defined nebula; it is at least 1' diameter. It seems rather elongated oblique to the equator; it is north following a bright star of the 7th-8th magnitude, and also north of two small stars." His position is 1° south and 1 minute of RA east of IC 5332, which matches his description: a 7th mag star is 13' SW and a 10th mag star (and two 12th mag) are close SW. This identification was suggested by Glen Cozens in his analysis of Dunlop's discoveries.

Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 5332 = Sw. 11-233 on 19 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; vL; bet 2 st; D[ouble] * p[recedes] 45 sec little s[outh]; pentagon p[receding]." The double is the unequal double SEE 489, mentioned in my observation. This object was first reported in his 5th discovery list from Lowe Observatory in which he has the note, "..it is a remarkable object. It appears to be a nebulous nebula, if such an expression be allowable. Its appearance was as if a central, considerably elongated nebula with sharp outlines, was centrally superimposed on another nebula very much larger, and of unimagined faintness. It was impossible, the seeing being excellent, to assign limits to the outer envelope. It is the largest and among the faintest of all my nebulas. I have requested the Director of the Lick Observatory to examine it with the 36-inch telescope." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.

IC 5332 was first recognized on a Helwan Observatory plate taken between 1914-16 by Harold Knox-Shaw.

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IC 5333 = NGC 7697 = ESO 110-012 = AM 2332-654 = PGC 71800 = LEDA 127728

23 34 53.0 -65 23 46; Tuc

V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 87°

25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very thin edge-on ~8:1 E-W, ~1.2'x0.15', tapers at the tips, contains a thin brighter elongated core. The galaxy is at the eastern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 4' SW and a mag 12.5 star 3.5' NW. Also a mag 14.3 star is 1.7' ENE, along with a 15.2 star 1.6' ESE.

DeLisle Stewart found IC 5333 = D.S. 784 on an Arequipa plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 and reported "cB, S, edge of plate, susp." His position is 1.5' from NGC 7697. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 6 Sep 1836 but has an erroneous position due to errors by both Herschel and Dreyer. As a result Stewart assumed it was new when found at the edge of the plate. PGC and HyperLEDA identify ESO 110-012 as IC 5333 only. See NGC 7697 for more errors with this number.

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IC 5334 = MCG -01-60-008 = PGC 71784

23 34 36.4 -04 32 03; Aqr

V = 13.2; Size 1.8'x0.5'; PA = 127°

24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, ~40"x16", contains a very small bright nucleus with a faint stellar peak. Located 19' SE of mag 6.9 HD 221600. IC 1498 lies 50' SW.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5334 = Ho. I-21 on 14 Dec 1894 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He recorded "nebulous * 10.5m. Possibly close D[ouble] *. Extended nebulosity susp. at 135° and 315° [SE and NW]. His position is very accurate and his position angle for the suspected nebulosity is correct.

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IC 5336 = LEDA 1642748 + 1642687

23 36 18.7 +21 05 58; Psc

V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'

24" (12/1/16): extremely faint, very small, possibly elongated, 15" diameter. Only a single glow of the double system (separation 25") was seen with confidence. The components are pretty similar in mag and size, so either or perhaps both were seen but not simultaneously. The listed size and mag's refer to IC 5336 NED2 = LEDA 1642687. This double system lies in the core of AGC 2626, 3.8' SW of IC 5338 (central cD). A 30" pair of mag 9.7/12.3 stars is 3.7' NW.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5336 = J. 3-1453, along with IC 5337 and 5338, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, elongated in the meridian [N-S], ill defined, very slightly condensed."

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IC 5337 = MCG +03-60-012 = CGCG 455-025 = WBL 719-001 = PGC 71875

23 36 25.0 +21 09 03; Peg

V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.15'; PA = 2°

24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, small, 20" diameter. This is an edge-on with a length of 0.8', so I must have picked up only the middle section. It forms a close pair with IC 5338, the brightest member of AGC 2626, just 1.3' E. I was surprised the surface brightness of IC 5537 was comparable to the bright core of IC 5338.

IC 5337 is a Jellyfish galaxy with trailing streamers of gas and dust from ram-pressure stripping in the cluster.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5337 = J. 3-1454, along with IC 5336 and 5338, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, roughly round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, mag 15 nucleus."

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IC 5338 = UGC 12703 = MCG +03-60-013 = CGCG 455-026 = 3C 464 = WBL 719-002 = PGC 71884

23 36 30.4 +21 08 45; Peg

V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 29°

24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter, contains a small brighter core/nucleus, low surface brightness halo. IC 5338 is the brightest cluster member in AGC 2626 and it forms a close pair with IC 5337, the second ranked member, just 1.3' W. Fainter IC 5336 (a close double system) lies 3.8' SW.

CGCG 455-028 is 3.5' SE. It appeared very faint, round, 12"-15" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus, low surface brightness. A mag 12.7 star is 1.3' SSW. AGC 2626 lies at a redshift-based distance of ~725 million l.y.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5338 = J. 3-1455, along with IC 5336 and 5337, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, roughly elongated in the meridian [N-S], 25" to 30", gradually condenses to a mag 15 stellar nucleus."

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IC 5341 = CGCG 476-087 = MCG +04-55-035 = PGC 71981

23 38 26.8 +26 59 06; Peg

V = 14.4; Size 0.4'x0.4'

17.5" (9/23/89 and 8/8/91): very faint, extremely small, round. Located 2.8' SSW of NGC 7720 in the core of AGC 2634. First of three very close, extremely faint and small galaxies with CGCG 476-090 40" SE and CGCG 476-092 1.7' E.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5341 = Ho III-23, along with IC 5342, on 27 Nov 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory. He noted "eF, eS; near [NGC] 7720" and measured an accurate micrometric position.

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IC 5342 = CGCG 476-094 = MCG +04-55-039 = PGC 71984

23 38 38.8 +27 00 40; Peg

V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 26°

17.5" (8/8/91): very faint, small, round, bright core. Located 2' N of a mag 11 star and 2.4' SE of NGC 7720 in the core of AGC 2634. 2MASX J23383626+2701467 (perhaps PGC 71991) is 1.5' NNW. IC 5342 is probably the brightest of several close companions to NGC 7720.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5342 = Ho III-24, along with IC 5341, on 27 Nov 1899. He noted "eF, eS; near [NGC] 7720" and measured an accurate micrometric position. MCG misidentifies MCG +04-55-039 as IC 5342.

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IC 5343 = ESO 536-015 = MCG -04-55-019 = PGC 72032

23 39 22.4 -22 29 50; Aqr

Size 0.8'x0.7'

24" (9/6/18): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration. Situated 5' NW of mag 7.3 HD 2223322. Forms a pair with IC 5345 5.5' NNE. This duo is the brightest in a small group (USGC S293) at ~340 million l.y.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5343 = Sw. 11-234 on 19 Oct 1897 and noted "eF; pS; 7 1/2m * 19s sf = [HD 222332]. His position is 3' SW of ESO 536-015 and the description fits. Howe measured an accurate position in October 1899 and discovered nearby IC 5345.

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IC 5345 = ESO 536-016 = MCG -04-55-020 = PGC 72040

23 39 32.2 -22 24 48; Aqr

Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 154°

24" (9/6/18): at 225x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 5343 5.5' SSW. Situated 8' NNW of mag 7.3 HD 222332. IC 5345 has a similar surface brightness as 5343, but is smaller.

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5345 = Ho. II-14 on 11 Oct 1898 and wrote "vF, vS, R, 6.5' n of Swift 234 [IC 5343]. His position is accurate. I'm a little surprised that Swift missed this galaxy, though picked up IC 5343 in the same field.

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IC 5348 = NGC 7744 = ESO 292-017 = MCG -07-48-017 = AM 2342-431 = PGC 72300

23 44 59.2 -42 54 39; Phe

V = 11.9; Size 2.2'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 105°

See observing notes for NGC 7744.

Lewis Swift found IC 5348 = Sw. 11-235 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported "eF; eS; R." His position is 17 seconds of RA west of NGC 7744. Perhaps due to the significant difference in description (John Herschel called the object "considerably bright"), Dreyer assumed Swift's object was new. Harold Corwin notes there are no other nearby galaxies that Swift might have picked up instead. So, IC 5348 = NGC 7744.

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IC 5349 = ESO 471-011 = MCG -05-56-005 = PGC 72358 = PGC 72359

23 46 23.0 -28 00 15; Scl

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 20°

24" (8/16/12): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 25"x12". This is a contact double system (PGC 72358 and 72359) with the nuclei separated by just 12"! At 282x the cores were just resolved, though the galaxy was on the NNE end was nearly stellar. The two cores or "knots" were similar in brightness. PGC 85740 lies 2.9' ENE.

18" (8/25/06): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 20"x10", weak concentration.

17.5" (11/1/97): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, weak concentration. Initially, this galaxy required averted to view but with concentration it could almost be held continuously. Located at the west end of AGC 4038. (first of 11 viewed).

Herbert Howe discovered IC 5349 = Ho. II-15 on 16 Nov 1898 and recorded "vF, vmE 200°, 20" long." His position and description is an exact match. He also added the note "No. 15 has puzzled me somewhat. The southern end is the brightest portion, and at times it seems as if the object were really a faint double star, one or both components of which are nebulous." He was right about this object being double!

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IC 5350 = ESO 471-014 = MCG -05-56-009 = PGC 72396

23 47 14.7 -27 57 28; Scl

V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5

24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, gradually increases to a very small bright nucleus. PGC 85755 lies 2.0' SE. Located 10' NNW of IC 5353.

18" (8/25/06): faint but readily visible at 220x, very small, round, 20" diameter. Furthest northern member in the core of AGC 4038.

17.5" (10/25/97): faint, very small, round, increases to a very small brighter core and stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star 5' N and a mag 11 star 4.5' ESE. Located on the north side of galaxy cluster AGC 4038 with the central region (IC 5353, IC 5354, IC 5358) about 10' S.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5350 = Sw. 11-236 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eeeF; eS; R; 9m * near f[ollowing]; 1st of 5 [with IC 5353, 5354, 5358 and 5362]." His position is poor (offset 5.5' to the southwest), but this is the brightest galaxy nearby. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, so the IC position is good.

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IC 5351 = HCG 97D = Shkh 30-2 = MCG -01-60-032 = PGC 72404

23 47 18.9 -02 18 50; Psc

V = 13.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 177°

24" (9/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, ~20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Attached on the north side of a mag 12.7 star, which partly masks the galaxy! IC 5357, the brightest in the quintet, is just 1.3' NE.

18" (9/3/05): very faint, small. Appears as a low surface brightness glow or extension attached at the north side of a mag 11-12 star that significantly detracts from viewing. In a group of four IC galaxies (HCG 97 = Shkh 30).

17.5" (9/3/94): this is the third brightest galaxy in HCG 97 group = Shkh 30. Extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. A mag 11 star attached at the south side makes viewing very difficult. Located 1.3' SW of IC 5357. IC 5356 lies 2.5' SE and IC 5359 is 4.7' E.

17.5" (10/21/95): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 12 star attached at the south side detracts from viewing.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5351, along with IC 5352, 5356, 5367 and 5369, on 28 Oct 1889 and noted "cF, vS, bM". This group (best known as HCG 97) was discovered while observing Brooks Comet (1889V) with the 36-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. His sketch in AN 4136 clearly identifies all members in the group.

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IC 5352 = HCG 97E = Shkh 30-4 = PGC 72405 = LEDA 196630

23 47 19.9 -02 16 51; Psc

V = 15.6; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 66°

24" (9/28/19): at 322x; between extremely faint and very faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. I was unable to hold the faintest (and smallest) member of the HCG 97 quintet but it was not a threshold object. Situated 1.5' NW of IC 5357 (brightest in the group).

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5351, along with IC 5352, 5356, 5367 and 5369, on 28 Oct 1889 and noted "pF, pS, gradually brighter in the middle." This group (best known as HCG 97) was discovered while observing Brooks Comet (1889V) with the 36-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. His sketch in AN 4136 clearly identifies all members in the group.

Hickson failed to label his HCG 97E as IC 5351 and the PGC, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD only identify IC 5352 as HCG 97E. NED correctly labels this galaxy as IC 5351.

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IC 5353 = ESO 471-017 = MCG -05-56-010 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72421

23 47 28.6 -28 06 33; Scl

V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°

24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright core. Located in the core of AGC 4038 4.1' NW of IC 5358. Forms a close pair with PGC 72423, just 42" E. IC 5354 lies 1.6' S. This galaxy is one of the brightest in the cluster along with IC 5358.

18" (8/25/06): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, very small brighter core, stellar nucleus. The halo increases in size with averted vision to ~30"x25". With careful viewing an extremely faint companion was glimpsed close east. Located in the core of AGC 4038 with IC 5354 1.6' S.

17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, fairly small, irregular shape, halo grows in size with averted vision, weak concentration to a brighter core. Located in the core of AGC 4038 with IC 5354 1.6' S and IC 5358 3.9' SE. A mag 11 star lies 4' NE and a mag 15 star is 1.0' NNE.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5353 = Sw. 11-237 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eF; S; R; 6m * with distant companion f[ollows]; 2nd of 5 [with IC 5351, 5354, 5358 and 5362]." His position is 4.4' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5351), but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, so the IC position is good.

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IC 5354 = ESO 471-016 = MCG -05-56-011 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72416

23 47 28.6 -28 08 09; Scl

V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 66°

24" (8/16/12): faint, small, round, 18" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located in the rich core of AGC 4038 and 1.6' S of IC 5353. This is a double system with a small galaxy (ESO-LV 4710161) on the northeast edge, but I didn't look for the tiny companion.

18" (8/25/06): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 1.6' S of brighter IC 5353 and 3.5' W of IC 5358.

17.5" (10/25/97): extremely faint, very small, round. This member of AGC 4038 required averted vision to view. A faint companion at the NE edge was not seen. Located just 1.6' S of IC 5353 and 3.5' W of IC 5358.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5354 = Sw. 11-238 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eeF; S; R; 3rd of 5 [with IC 5351, 5353, 5358 and 5362]." His position is 3' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5353 and 5358) but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 and the IC position is good. This is a double galaxy, though Swift and Howe probably just picked up the brighter western component.

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IC 5356 = HCG 97C = MCG -01-60-034 = Shkh 30-3 = PGC 72409

23 47 23.8 -02 21 04; Psc

V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 33°

24" (9/28/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 5:3 SW-NE, ~30"x18", well concentrated with a small bright nucleus and much fainter extensions. A mag 14.5-15 star is 0.8' SW and a similar star 45" NE.

18" (9/3/05): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, even surface brightness. Located 2.7' SW of a mag 10 star and 3' S of IC 5357 in HCG 97. Four faint stars are near including three mag 14.5 stars running SW to NE with the galaxy nearly between two of these stars.

17.5" (9/3/94): second brightest galaxy in HCG 97 group. Very faint, very small, slightly elongated (although difficult to pin down direction), very weak concentration. Located between two mag 14 stars off the SW and NE ends and 3.0' due south of IC 5357. Forms the southern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' NW and a mag 10 star 2.6' NE. IC 5351 lies 2.5' NW and IC 5359 is 4.0' NE.

17.5" (10/21/95): very faint, small, round. A mag 14.5 star is 45" SSW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5356 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "not F, R, mbM."

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IC 5357 = HCG 97A = MCG -01-60-033 = Shkh 30-1 = PGC 72408

23 47 22.9 -02 18 02; Psc

V = 13.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 150°

24" (9/28/19): largest and brightest member of the HCG 97 quintet. At 322x; moderately bright, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.5', brighter core that gradually increases to the center.

18" (9/3/05): brightest in quartet of IC galaxies forming HCG 97 = Shkh 30. At 225x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.6', broad concentration. Located 3' NW of a mag 10.5 star and 1.3' NE of a mag 11.5 star.

17.5" (9/3/94): brightest of four IC galaxies in HCG 97 = Shkh 30. Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.7'x0.4', gradually brightens to a small bright core and an almost stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star (with IC 5351 attached) is 2' SW. IC 5351 lies 1.3' SW, IC 5356 3.0' S and IC 5359 3.8' ESE. IC 5352 = HCG 97E was not seen.

17.5" (10/21/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5357 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "'B, R, mbM."

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IC 5358 = ESO 471-019 = MCG -05-56-013 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72441

23 47 44.2 -28 08 22; Scl

V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 122°

24" (8/16/12): this cD galaxy is at the center of AGC 4038. At 282x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~50"x25", sharply concentrated with a bright 15" core and much fainter extensions. A companion (IC 5358A = PGC 72423) is attached on the southwest side, 25" between centers. IC 5358A appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter (similar in size to the core of IC 5358). IC 5353 lies 4' NW, with a faint companion following.

18" (8/25/06): this double galaxy is the brightest in AGC 4038 and appeared as a fairly faint glow, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 WNW-ESE, small bright core. With careful viewing a very faint, very small companion was attached on the southwest side.

17.5" (11/1/97): initially seen as a single irregular-shaped galaxy but after careful viewing this double system was resolved into two nearly tangent objects oriented WSW-ENE (the brighter, larger object to the NE is IC 5358). At moments both objects can be seen to have nearly stellar nuclei. This cD galaxy is the brightest in AGC 4038 = Klemola 44.

17.5" (10/25/97): this faint galaxy is the largest of ten viewed in AGC 4038. Appeared faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 1.2'x0.9', weak concentration. Nearby is IC 5353 3.9' NW, IC 5354 3.5' W and PGC 72436 2.0' S. Located 16' W of Delta Sculptoris (V = 4.5).

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5358 = Sw. 11-239 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eF; S; R; 4th of 5 [with IC 5351, 5353, 5354 and 5362]." His position is 3.6' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5353 and 5354). Howe remeasured all these galaxies and mentions for IC 5358 "binuclear, at an angle of 250°, with a distance of 20"." So Howe discovered IC 5358A, the attached companion on the southwest side, and it should have received an IC designation.

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IC 5359 = HCG 97B = Shkh 30-5 = MCG -01-60-036 = PGC 72430

23 47 37.9 -02 19 00; Psc

V = 14.7; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 138°

24" (9/28/19): at 322x; between very faint and faint, edge-on streak ~6:1 NW-SE, ~50"x8", low even surface brightness, no core. Situated between a mag 10.4 star 1.5' WSW and a mag 9.9 star 3.6' ENE. Due to its low surface brightness, HCG 97B is one of the two most difficult (along with HCG 97E) in the quintet.

18" (9/3/05): extremely faint, small, very low surface brightness glow 1.5' following a mag 10 star. In fairly poor seeing, the image was too unsteady to see the elongation well.

17.5" (9/3/94): faintest of four galaxies in the HCG 97 compact group. Extremely faint, small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE. Only visible with averted vision and cannot be held steadily. A mag 10 star, just 1.6' WSW, detracts from viewing. Last in a group with IC 5351 4.7' W, IC 5357 3.8' WNW and IC 5356 4' SW.

E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5359 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "F, pS, gradually brighter in the middle."

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IC 5361 = NGC 7761 = MCG -02-60-020 = PGC 72641

23 51 28.9 -13 22 54; Aqr

V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4

17.5" (8/29/92): fairly faint, small, round, 1' diameter, very even concentration, small bright core, very symmetrical appearance. Two brighter stars mag 10 are 3.5' W and 7' WSW. Located in a field that is strangely devoid of any faint stars.

Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5361 = Big. 356 on 30 Nov 1891. His position matches NGC 7761 = PGC 72641, which was discovered by Ormond Stone in 1886 at Leander McCormick Observatory. Stone's rough position was two minutes of RA too far west, so both Bigourdan and later Herbert Howe assumed they found a new object. So, IC 5361 = NGC 7761. See Corwin's notes for discussion.

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IC 5362 = IC 5363 = ESO 471-026 = MCG -05-56-023 = PGC 72648

23 51 36.7 -28 21 54; Scl

V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3

18" (10/29/11): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration to a small bright core and faint stellar nucleus. Located 4.5' SW of SEE 497, a close, very unequal mag 8/11 pair at 5" that was resolved.

Although centered in AGC 4049, IC 5362 appears to be foreground object at a similar redshift as AGC 4038, which is located about 0.9° WNW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5362 = Sw. 11-241 = Sw. 12-45? on 14 Sep 1896. His description in AN 3517 reads "eeF; pS; bet 2 B st; 5th of 5 [with IC 5350, 5353, 5354, and 5358]." His description in AJ 388 adds a bit of detail: "eeF, pS, nrly bet an 8m * nf and a 9m * sp nearer the former, 5th of 5." There is nothing near his position (identical in both lists). Herbert Howe reported "I saw nothing in the place given by Swift, but measured one 34 seconds following at nearly the same declination. It precedes a star of mag 8, 17 seconds, 2.3' south. This star has a companion of mag 12 at 70°, 6"." Howe's accurate position was used in the IC. Swift probably discovered this galaxy again on 24 Jul 1897 and reported Sw. 12-45 (later IC 5363) as "vF, eS, R, 3 st in line p[receding], one D[ouble]." His position is a fairly poor fit; 18' SE of IC 5362 (not unusual in his last summer of observing). Another discrepancy is his description mentions "3 stars in line [to west]" and 3 collinear stars are nearly due east of IC 5363.

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IC 5364 = ESO 471-47 = AM 2353-291 = PGC 72950

23 56 25.0 -29 01 24; Scl

Size 1.3'x0.9'

24" (9/7/18): IC 5364 is an interacting overlapping pair, only 17" between centers. The eastern galaxy (IC 5364 NED2) was brighter. At 260x it appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. The western galaxy (IC 5364 NED1) is tangent but resolved as a very faint, round glow, 12" diameter (the nucleus of a Ring galaxy).

ESO 471-049 is a brighter spiral situated 14' ESE. It was fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 0.8'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. Three mag 12.5-13.8 stars are close west. Mag 9.4 HD 224284 lies 9' WSW.

Lewis Swift discovered IC 5364 = Sw. 11-242 on 15 Sep 1896 and called it "vF; pS; R; 8m * near sf." His position is 4.5' SE of ESO 471-IG47, though a mag 9.4 star is 5.5' SSE of this galaxy, in agreement with Swift's description. Apparently he missed ESO 471-049, which is larger and brighter.

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IC 5368 = IC 1523 = LEDA 3091908

23 59 06.6 +06 52 23; Psc

Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 5°

24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. Situated just 3' WNW of mag 4.0 Omega Piscium. One the overpowering star was placed outside the field, this faint galaxy was immediately noticed, and although faint and small, it was not as difficult a target as expected.

E.E. Barnard found IC 5368 (date unknown), probably with the 36-inch Lick refractor and reported it directly to Dreyer as "eF, vS, little brighter middle, 3' p or f from Omega Piscium" Burnham discovered this galaxy on 19 Aug 1889 while checking if mag 4.0 Omega Psc was a double. I wouldn't be surprised if E.E. Barnard also observed this galaxy at the same time as Burnham, but later reported it to Dreyer as new. As a result IC 1523 = IC 5368.

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IC 5369 = CGCG 498-055 = CGCG 499-027 = WBL 730-001 = PGC 73190

23 59 50.6 +32 42 08; And

V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 85°

17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, elongated WSW-ESE. Requires averted at 280x for clear view, so doesn't appear as bright as CGCG magnitude (15.3z). Collinear with two mag 10.5 stars (~3' S) which are two vertices of a nice equilateral triangle of similar bright stars with sides 1'. First of five in the IC 5370 cluster.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5369 = J. 3-1460, along with IC 5370, 5371, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. His positions are all offset 1' to the south, due to an error in the position of his reference star. IC 5369 was described as "faint, round, 20" to 25" diameter, mag 15 stellar nucleus."

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IC 5370 = MCG +05-01-018 = CGCG 498-056 = CGCG 499-028 = WBL 730-002 = PGC 5

00 00 09.2 +32 44 18; And

V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 117°

17.5" (10/4/97): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Halo increases to ~40" with averted vision. There are several stars to the west including a mag 13.5 star 1.4' W. Brightest in a group (WBL 730) including IC 5369, IC 5371, IC 5372 and IC 5373.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5370 = J. 3-1461, along with IC 5369, 5371, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "pretty bright, round, 20", mag 13 stellar nucleus."

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IC 5371 = CGCG 499-030 = CGCG 498-058 = WBL 730-003 = PGC 24

00 00 14.8 +32 49 55; And

V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 148°

17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.4' NW of a mag 14 star. This is the furthest north of five galaxies in the IC 5370 group. Similar IC 5372 lies 2.4' S.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5371 = J. 3-1462, along with IC 5369, 5370, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "faint, 10" to 15" or more, paired with a mag 15 star." I apparently missed a faint star at the east side. PGC assigns MCG +05-01-019 to IC 5371 instead of IC 5373. Megastar software misidentifies IC 5372 as IC 5371.

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IC 5372 = LEDA 2801010

00 00 16.3 +32 47 33; And

V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.4'

17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint and small (required averted vision), round, 15" diameter, no concentration. Located 40" NW of a mag 12.5 star which is 2' due west of IC 5373 in the IC 5370 group.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5372 = J. 3-1463, along with IC 5369, 5370, 5371 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He noted "faint, round, 15", mag 14 nucleus." PGC doesn't identify PGC 2801010 as IC 5372.

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IC 5373 = MCG +05-01-019 = CGCG 498-059w = CGCG 499-031w = WBL 730-004 = PGC 36 = PGC 48

00 00 28.9 +32 46 56; And

V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 150°

17.5" (10/4/97): very faint, very small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Second brightest in the IC 5370 group. Situated between two mag 12.5 stars 2.1' W and 2.7' E. Also 6' SW of a mag 9.1 star. IC 5370 lies 5' SW. This is a contact double system, although I probably only viewed the brighter western component.

Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5373 = J. 3-1464, along with IC 5369, 5370, 5371 and 5372, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "pretty bright, round, 20", mag 13 stellar nucleus." MCG doesn't label its +05-01-019 as IC 5373. The CGCG magnitude includes both components.

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IC 5378 = Arp 130 = VV 263 = UGC 1 = MCG +03-01-015+16 = CGCG 456-018 = PGC 178

00 02 37.9 +16 38 38; Peg

Size 0.6'x0.6'

24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, small, round, 15"-18" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A 20" pair of mag 14.5 stars is off the west side. MCG +03-01-016, a very low surface brightness companion adjacent to the north [30" between centers], was not seen.

18" (11/14/09): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, two mag 14 stars [23" separation] are close preceding [nearer star is 30" west]. A much fainter companion (MCG +03-01-016 = PGC 178) attached on the north side was not seen. Located 30' NNW of NGC 7814.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5378, along with IC 5377 and 5379, on a plate taken on 17 Nov 1895 of NGC 7814. He described IC 5378 as "Faint; elongated north to south; one of three 15th mag stars involved; condensation at the north extremity; length including the star about 42"." His position is 1.3' too far south (same as IC 5379), but his description is very accurate (except the involved mag 15 star is the nucleus).

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IC 5381 = UGC 7 = MCG +03-01-019 = CGCG 456-023 = PGC 212

00 03 11.3 +15 57 54; Peg

V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 54°

14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", brighter core. A triangle of similar stars is close S. Located 10' S of NGC 7814. IC 5381 lies far in the background at 10x the distance.

13.1" (10/10/86): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE. Located just NW of a small isosceles triangle of mag 12-13 stars with side about 1' with the closest star 43" SE. Can just hold steadily with averted. Forms a pair with NGC 7814 10' N.

Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5381 = J. 3-1468, along with IC 5377 and 5378, on a plate taken with his 20-inch reflector on 17 Nov 1895 of NGC 7814. He described IC 5381 as "Bright; elongated north following to south preceding about 50"; stellar nucleus about 17th mag; four 12 to 16 stars on the south near it." Keeler or Perrine found it again between 1898-00 on plates taken with the Crossley reflector and catalogued as #740 in a table of 744 new nebulae published in 1908. Finally, Stephane Javelle rediscovered it visually at the Nice Observatory on 12 Nov 1903 while measuring NGC 7814 and recorded it as #1468 in his third discovery list.

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IC 5384 = NGC 7813 = MCG -02-01-016 = Mrk 936 = PGC 287

00 04 09.1 -11 59 02; Cet

V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 158°

17.5" (11/6/93): very faint, very small, round, weak concentration, can just steadily with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 3' NW. Located 12' ESE of mag 8.2 SAO 147055. The listed magnitude appears too bright.

Herbert Howe found IC 5384 in 1899-00 while searching for NGC 7813 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He reported "I do not find anything in the NGC place of this Muller nebula. But 55 seconds following, at nearly the same declination, I found a similar object, elongated, however at 160°, while Muller puts the elongation at 80°. He says "*8.5 f 38 seconds," while I found such a star preceding 49 seconds. He also says "*9 np 40 seconds." There are two such stars about 8' north, and a few seconds preceding. The region may well be examined with a larger telescope."

Dreyer noted the possible equivalence with NGC 7813 in the IC description and Harold Corwin concludes "NGC 7813 is probably identical with IC 5384, though the descriptions do not match, and Muller's position is a typically poor one from the second Leander McCormick list in AJ." MCG labels this galaxy IC 5384 as this designation is secure.

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IC 5386 = NGC 7832 = MCG -01-01-033 = PGC 485

00 06 28.5 -03 42 58; Psc

V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 25°

See observing notes for NGC 7832.

Lewis Swift found IC 5386 = Sw. 11-1 on 12 Sep 1896 and logged "pB; pS; vE." His position is 5' southeast of NGC 7832. The IC position (based on Herbert Howe's observation in 1898-99) matches NGC 7832. Corwin notes that neither Swift, Dreyer nor Howe noticed the equivalence with NGC 7832.

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